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SCT4- b Slide 1
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Module : 4 - Part b
Lifting & Moving Airbags
Lifting Considerations & Stabilization
Calculating Weights
Jan0827Jan09
SCT4- b Slide 2
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
High Pressure Air Bags Characteristics
Neoprene/butyl rubberSteel kevlar reinforcedVariety of sizesMaximum capacity is calculated at 1
inch of liftCapacity reduced at max height
SCT4- b Slide 3
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
High Pressure Air Bags
ApplicationMaximum stack of two high
Lift is limited to capacity of small bag
Larger bag on bottom
Centers of bags MUST be aligned
SCT4- b Slide 4
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Airbag Lift
Animated Slide (10 seconds)
SCT4- b Slide 5
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
High Pressure Air Bags
COLUMN OF AIR
LOAD
BASE OF SUPPORT
Increased surface area = Increased lifting capacity
SCT4- b Slide 6
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
High Pressure Air BagsAIR BAGINFLATED
REDUCED SURFACE AREA CONTACT
LOAD
BASE OF SUPPORT
COLUMN
O
F
A
I
R
SCT4- b Slide 7
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
High Pressure Air BagsWeightDimension Capacity Lift Ht.
6”x 6” 1.5 Tons 3” 2 lbs 6”x 12” 3.2 3.5 3 10”x 10” 4.8 5 4 15”x 15” 12.0 8 10 15”x 21” 17.0 9 13 20”x 20” 21.8 11 16 24”x 24” 31.8 13 22 28”x 28” 43.8 16 30 36”x 36” 73.4 20 48
SCT4- b Slide 8
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
High Pressure Air BagsManufacture’s I.D. Tag
SCT4- b Slide 9
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
High Pressure Air Bags & Cribbing
SCT4- b Slide 10
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Spreading & Pushing
SCT4- b Slide 11
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training Lifting & Stabilizing Irregular Objects
SCT4- b Slide 12
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Pipes & Cylinders
SCT4- b Slide 13
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Inflating Air Bags
SCT4- b Slide 14
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
SCT4- b Slide 15
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
SCT4- b Slide 16
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
SCT4- b Slide 17
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
SCT4- b Slide 18
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
OOPS!
SCT4- b Slide 19
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
SCT4- b Slide 20
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Lifting Considerations
SCT4- b Slide 21
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Lifting Or Moving A LoadFunctions to be addressed
Center of GravityLoad Stability
Wedges & cribbing
Estimating Load WeightLifting Functions
Critical angle
SCT4- b Slide 22
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Center of Gravity & Load Stability
CG
CG
Connection point below CG makes object unstable.
Stable Unstable
SCT4- b Slide 23
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Wedges, Shims & Cribbing
SCT4- b Slide 24
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
WedgesWedge (mechanics)Technically is a portable double inclined
plane, a wedge is a simple machine used to separate two objects, or portions of objects, through the application of force, perpendicular to the inclined surfaces, developed by conversion of force applied to the blunt end. The mechanical advantage of a wedge depends on the ratio of its length to its thickness.
SCT4- b Slide 25
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Wedges
Use of wedges to change direction
SCT4- b Slide 26
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
“Marrying” Wedges (repeated from 2b)Sloped Surfaces Must Be in Full Contact
Full Driven Over Driven Under Driven Best O.K. Wrong
What if one wedge is Upside Down?This is NOT RECOMMENDED. It is better to have the cut surfaces together – more friction & better fit
1” min.
SCT4- b Slide 27
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
2x4 Wedges
2x4 wedges are often needed for smaller adjustments than are possible with 4x4 wedges.
SCT4- b Slide 28
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Shims Shims are used to fill space,
opposed to wedges that lift, load or charge objects.
SCT4- b Slide 29
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Shims Note that there are two shims in
this photo.
SCT4- b Slide 30
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Box Cribbing6000 lbs. per contact point
Four point system Nine point system
SCT4- b Slide 31
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Box Cribbing
TIER
3 X
SCT4- b Slide 32
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
2x 3x
4xSolid
Box Cribbing
SCT4- b Slide 33
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Box Cribbing6000 lbs. per contact point
SCT4- b Slide 34
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
ObjectMust have full bearing
with cribContact Points
Box Cribbing
SCT4- b Slide 35
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Each cribis only
supporting6000 lbs
Not verystable
Height to width1 to 1
Box CribbingLeast desirable layout
SCT4- b Slide 36
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Can be as little as 1 to 1 with angle situations
Box Cribbing
SCT4- b Slide 37
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Crib Stability
Load should be centered!
SCT4- b Slide 38
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
LOAD
MUST
BE
CENTER1/3 ofCRIB
Crib Stability
SCT4- b Slide 39
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Crib Stability Load is not within mid-third at bottom
LOAD
MUST
BECENTER
1/3 ofCRIB
SCT4- b Slide 40
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Change Angle Use of wedges & shims
SCT4- b Slide 41
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Martian Cribbing
SCT4- b Slide 42
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Cribbing
SCT4- b Slide 43
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Calculating Weights
SCT4- b Slide 44
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Weights of Building MaterialsWIDTH x HEIGHT x LENGTH = CUBIC FT Reinforced concrete = 150 pcf
Concrete columns & beams weigh more (16”sq w/ 5% rebar = 170pcf)
Steel = 490 pcf Use Area Method – later slides
Earth = 100 to 125 pcf Wood = 35 pcf (dry) – use 40
SCT4- b Slide 45
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Calculating Weight Concrete Rectangle
WIDTH x HEIGHT x LENGTH x WEIGHT
4’ x 2 ’x 20’ = 160cf x 150pcf = 24,000 lbs.
20 feet
4 feet 2 feet
SCT4- b Slide 46
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Calculating Weights Concrete Round
0.8 DIAMETER2 x LENGTH x WEIGHT
0.8 x 3’ x 3’ x 20’ = 144cf x 150pcf = 21,600 lbs.
3 feet
20 feet
SCT4- b Slide 47
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Calculating Weight Concrete Pipe
Weight of Solid Round – Weight of Hole
0.8 (4’x 4’- 3’x 3’) x 20’x 150pcf 112 cu-ft x 150pcf = 16,800 lbs.
4 feet diameter
20 feet6” thick
SCT4- b Slide 48
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Estimating Steel Weight - Area Method
Steel weighs 490 lbs per cubic ft
Steel 1” thick weighs 490pcf / 12” = 40.8 psf
For steel weight per square foot use:1” thick Use 40 lbs¾” Use 30 lbs½” Use 20 lbs¼” Use 10 lbs
12”12”
12”
1”12”12”
SCT4- b Slide 49
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Area Method Example - 1 What is weight of this 36ft long steel section?
2” Steel = 2 x 40 psf = 80 psfArea per ft = 2 x 3 sq ft + 2 x 1 sq ft = 8 sq ftWeight per ft = 8 x 80 = 640 plfTotal weight = 640 x 36 = 23,040 lbs
Exact weight = 652.8 plf (only 2% off)
Pl 36" x 2"
Pl 36" x 2"
Pl 12" x 2" ea end
SCT4- b Slide 50
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Area Method Example - 2 What is weight of this 20ft long steel section?
2 Flanges 40 psf x 5” x 2 ft x 2 = 800 plfWeb 40psf x 3.5” = 140Weight per ft = 800 + 140 = 940 plfTotal weight = 940 x 20 = 18,800 lbs
Exact weight = 958.8 plf (only 2% off)
Pl 24" x 5"
Pl 24" x 5"
Pl 12" x 3.5”
SCT4- b Slide 51
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training
Calculate Steel Weight
SCT4- b Slide 52
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Structural Collapse Technician Training Review & conclusion of Part b Review
AirbagsLifting Considerations & StabilizationCalculating Weights
Questions? Discussion?
Next: Part c Cranes, Rigging & Bolting