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8/6/2019 Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work
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SCHOOL LEVEL SCIENCE FAIR 2011
SCRAP BOOK
Bamboo
PLANTS
Name : S. SREE HARI
Year : II Tirunavukarasar
School : SJK (T) Tun Sambanthan Pajam Mantin, N. Sembilan
Take care of the trees, they will take care of you
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deepest gratitude and an appreciation to Mrs..Maheswari
teacher, for the opportunity, supervision and guidance in assisting me to complete this
scrap book in a successful way. It is my duty to extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Ravi
Perumal, Head Master, Mrs Nalayani teacher and other class teachers for their
continuous support and encouragement.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
S. No Title Page No.
1 Introduction 4
2 Plant Parts 53 Basic Needs of Plants 6
4 Plants Parts 7
5 Types of Non-flowering Plants 11
6 Images of Soft Stem Plants 12
7 Images of Woody Stem plants 14
8 Plants and life on earth 14
9 Images of Biomas 17
10 Conclusion 18
11 References 18
Introduction
Plants are critical to other life on this planet because they form the basis of all food
webs. Most plants are autotrophic, creating their own food using water, carbon
dioxide, and light through a process called photosynthesis. Some of the earliest fossils
found have been aged at 3.8 billion years. These fossil deposits show evidence of
photosynthesis, so plants, or the plant-like ancestors of plants, have lived on this
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planet longer that most other groups of organisms. At one time, anything that was
green and that wasnt an animal was considered to be a plant. Now, what were once
considered plants are divided into several kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, and Plantae.
Most aquatic plants occur in the kingdoms Plantae and Protista.
Plants are alive, just like people and animals. How do we know this? Living things all
do certain things:
They grow and die.
They need energy, nutrients, air, and water.
They produce young.
They are made up of cells.
They react to what's around them.
Plant Parts
Plant parts do different things for the plant.
Roots
Roots act like straws absorbing water and
minerals from the soil. Tiny root hairs stick
out of the root, helping in the absorption.
Roots help to anchor the plant in the soil so it
does not fall over. Roots also store extra food
for future use.
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Stems
Stems do many things. They support the plant. They act like the plant's plumbing
system, conducting water and nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose
from the leaves to other plant parts. Stems can be herbaceous like the bendable stem
of a daisy or woody like the trunk of an oak tree.
Leaves
Most plants' food is made in their leaves. Leaves are designed to capture sunlight
which the plant uses to make food through a process called photosynthesis.
Flowers
Flowers are the reproductive part of most plants. Flowers contain pollen and tiny eggs
called ovules. After pollination of the flower and fertilization of the ovule, the ovule
develops into a fruit.
Fruit
Fruit provides a covering for seeds. Fruit can be fleshy like an apple or hard like a nut.
Seeds
Seeds contain new plants. Seeds form in fruit.
Basic Needs of Plants
Plants need several things to make their own food.
They need:
Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in the leaves of plants
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Light (either natural sunlight or artificial light, like from a light bulb)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) (a gas found in the air; one of the gases people and
animals breathe out when they exhale)
Water (which the plant collects through its roots)
Nutrients and minerals (which the plant collects from the soil through its
roots)
Plants make food in their leaves. The leaves contain a pigment called
chlorophyll, which colors the leaves green. Chlorophyll can make food the
plant can use from carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and energy from sunlight.
This process is called photosynthesis.
Plant Groups
Scientists divide plants into about 35 groups called phyla (one is a phylum). These are
some of the more important phyla:
Seaweed
Mosses
Ferns
Pine trees
Flowering Plants
Seaweed: For the first two billion years of life on Earth, there were only one-celled
creatures. But after early eukaryote cells began to reproduce by meiosis in addition
to mitosis, about 1.4 billion years ago. Beginning about 600 million years ago, seaweed was
one of these early plants with more than one cell. Seaweed lived in the ocean.
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http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/seaweed/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/moss/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/ferns/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/angiosperms.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/physics/space/earth.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/eukaryote.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/meiosis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/mitosis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/proterozoic.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/proterozoic.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/seaweed/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/moss/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/ferns/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/trees/angiosperms.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/physics/space/earth.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/eukaryote.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/meiosis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/mitosis.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/proterozoic.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/proterozoic.htm8/6/2019 Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work
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Seaweed evolved to live in shallow ocean water, where there was
enough sunlight forphotosynthesis, and rocks to attach themselves to.
Seaweed
Mosses: By about 540 million years ago, some early plants evolved from
earlieralgae that could live on land, outside of the water. These plants were like
modern moss. All of the animals were still living in the water, so on land there was
only moss and mushrooms. Like other plants, moss plants make their own food
byphotosynthesis. All of the cells in a moss plant can photosynthesize, thanks to
theirchloroplasts, so moss plants don't need a circulatory or vascular system.
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Moss close up
Ferns: Afterflowering plants evolved, about 100 million years ago, they were more
successful than ferns and most of the places where ferns had grown were taken over
by the flowering plants. Perhaps in response, ferns evolved quickly into new forms,
becoming more like modern ferns. Today ferns grow mainly in places where
flowering plants can't grow because it is too wet or too shady or the dirt is too acidic,
or there isn't enough dirt (like in cracks in rocks). Some ferns have evolved to live on
the flowering plants themselves, growing right on the trunks of living trees.
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Fern
Pine trees: Near the end of the Carboniferous period, about 300 million years ago, the
land on Earth got a lot drier than it had been before. This was because plate
tectonics was bringing all of the land together into one big continent, Pangaea. Plants
that needed a lot of water, like fernsa nd moss and mushrooms, began to die out, and
plants that could live with much less water did better. That was a big advantage in the
drier climate, and these dry land plants soon spread all over the new big continent of
Pangaea. These plants were pine trees, or conifers.
Pine tree
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http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/carboniferous.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/platetectonics/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/platetectonics/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/ferns/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/moss/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/mushrooms/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/eras/carboniferous.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/platetectonics/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/geology/platetectonics/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/ferns/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/plants/moss/index.htmhttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/mushrooms/index.htm8/6/2019 Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work
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Flowers: The earliest flowers developed about 360 million years ago, in the
late Devonian period, as a way to attract insects and get them to help spread the plant's
pollen far away from where the plant was growing. Flowers didn't become really
common, though, until the Cretaceous period.
Flowers
Types of Non-Flowering Plants
This article was created by a professional writer and edited by experienced copy
editors, both qualified members of the Demand Media Studios community. All
articles go through an editorial process that includes subject matter guidelines,
plagiarism review, fact-checking, and other steps in effort to provide reliable
information.
By an eHow Contributor
Plants can be divided into two broad categories based on their means of reproduction:
flowering plants (spermatophytes) and non-flowering plants (crytogams). Non-
flowering plants can, in turn, be sub-divided into five main types.
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Algae: These simple plants reproduce by means of spores, and can be found in both
terrestrial and aquatic environments. They range from single-celled bacteria to
seaweeds.
Mosses: Mosses, also called Bryophytes, do not have roots, but rather use tiny hair-
like structures to penetrate the soil. They require a damp environment in order
to survive, and reproduce by means of spores.
Ferns: Ferns bear feather-like leaves, which grow above the ground while their stem
and roots grow underground. They reproduce by means of spores that grow
under their leaves.
Conifers: These are evergreen trees that bear needle-like leaves and reproduce by
means of seeds that form inside the conifer's cones.
Fungi: Fungi lack the green pigment chlorophyll, which is used by green plants to
convert sunlight into food.
Images of Soft Stem Plants
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Soft Stem Rush (Scirpusvalidis)
A vigorous plant growing to 6 tall
with large diameter spikes, anexcellent background plant formedium to large ponds
Grows in full sun
Plant up to 6" deep.
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Image of Woody Stem plants
Plants and Life on Earth
Plants help the environment (and us!) in many different ways:
Plants are very important to us. All food people eat comes directly or indirectly from
plants.
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Directly from plants: Indirectly from plants:
For
example, apples comefrom an apple tree. Theflour used to make breadcomes from a wheatplant.
Steak comes from a cow,and we all know that cowsare animals, not plants,right? But what does thecow eat? It eats grassand grainsPLANTS!
So all the foods we eat come from plants.
Plants make food
Plants are the only organisms that can convert light energy
from the sun into food. And plants produce ALL of the
food that animals, including people, eat even meat. The
animals that give us meat, such as chickens and cows, eat grass, oats, corn, or some
other plants.
Plants make oxygen
One of the materials that plants produce as they make food is oxygen gas. This
oxygen gas, which is an important part of the air, is the gas that plants and animals
must have in order to stay alive. When people breathe, it is the oxygen that we take
out of the air to keep our cells and bodies alive. All of the oxygen available for living
organisms comes from plants.
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Plants provide habitats for animals
Plants are the primary habitat for thousands of other organisms.
Animals live in, on, or under plants. Plants provide shelter and safety
for animals. Plants also provide a place for animals to find other
food. As a habitat, plants alter the climate. On a small scale, plants
provide shade, help moderate the temperature, and protect animals from the wind. On
a larger scale, such as in tropical rainforests, plants actually change the rainfall
patterns over large areas of the earth's surface.
Plants help make and preserve soil
In the forest and the prairie, the roots of plants help hold the soil together. This
reduces erosion and helps conserve the soil. Plants also help make soil. Soil is made
up of lots of particles of rocks which are broken down into very small pieces. When
plants die, their decomposed remains are added to the soil. This helps to make the
soil rich with nutrients.
Plants provide useful products for people
Many plants are important sources of products that people use, including food, fibers
(for cloth), and medicines. Plants also help provide some of our energy needs. In
some parts of the world, wood is the primary fuel used by people to cook their meals
and heat their homes. Many of the other types of fuel we use today, such as coal,
natural gas, and gasoline, were made from plants that lived millions of years ago.
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Plants beautify
Plants, because of their beauty, are important elements of out human world. When we
build houses and other buildings, we never think the job is done until we have planted
trees, shrubs, and flowers to make what we have built much nicer.
Images of Different Biomes
Biomes are a region of the Earth's surface and the particular combination of climate,
plants and animals that are found in it.
Desert Grassland
Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Rain Forest
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http://popup%28%27desert.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27grass.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27troprf.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27temprf.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27troprf.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27desert.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27grass.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27desert.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27grass.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27troprf.html%27%29/8/6/2019 Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work
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Temperate Deciduous Forest Taiga
Tundra In Water
Conclusion
Plants directly and indirectly help a lot to the man kind in turn it is our duty to save
the plants and environment.
References
i) www.historyforkids.org
ii) www.theplantlist.orgiii) www.waynesword.palomar.edu
iv) www.ehow.com
v) www.mbgnet.net/bioplants
vi) www.botanical-online.com
vii) www.ecofuture.net
Plant a tree and get air for free If you cut a tree you cut your life
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http://popup%28%27taiga.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27tundra.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27inwater.html%27%29/http://www.historyforkids.org/http://www.theplantlist.org/http://www.waynesword.palomar.edu/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplantshttp://www.botanical-online.com/http://www.ecofuture.net/http://popup%28%27inwater.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27tundra.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27taiga.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27tempdf.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27taiga.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27tundra.html%27%29/http://popup%28%27inwater.html%27%29/http://www.historyforkids.org/http://www.theplantlist.org/http://www.waynesword.palomar.edu/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplantshttp://www.botanical-online.com/http://www.ecofuture.net/8/6/2019 Scrap Book on Plantes - Sree Hari Work
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