Scottish MusicScottish MusicRevisionRevision

Scottish DancesScottish Dances

MarchMarch ReelReel StrathspeyStrathspey WaltzWaltz JigJig

MARCHMARCH – strong steady pulse, simple – strong steady pulse, simple time, 2 or 4 beats in a bartime, 2 or 4 beats in a bar

REELREEL – fast and lively, running quavers, – fast and lively, running quavers, simple time, 2 or 4 beats in a bar (simple time, 2 or 4 beats in a bar (coffee coffee coffeecoffee))

STRATHSPEYSTRATHSPEY – features – features Scotch SnapScotch Snap ((jumpy rhythmjumpy rhythm), 2 or 4 beats in a bar), 2 or 4 beats in a bar

WALTZWALTZ – slow, 3 beats in a bar – slow, 3 beats in a bar JIGJIG – fast dance, normally 6/8 compound – fast dance, normally 6/8 compound

time (time (strawberry strawberrystrawberry strawberry))

FeaturesFeatures

Simple TimeSimple Time Compound TimeCompound Time Scotch SnapScotch Snap Pentatonic ScalePentatonic Scale Grace NotesGrace Notes

SIMPLE TIMESIMPLE TIME – where the beat can be divided – where the beat can be divided easily into groups of 2 or 4, e.g. 2/4, 3/4, 4/4easily into groups of 2 or 4, e.g. 2/4, 3/4, 4/4

COMPOUND TIMECOMPOUND TIME – where the beat is dotted – where the beat is dotted and can be divided into groups of 3, e.g. 3/8, and can be divided into groups of 3, e.g. 3/8, 6/8, 9/86/8, 9/8

SCOTCH SNAPSCOTCH SNAP – a short not ( – a short not (semiquaversemiquaver) ) followed by a long note (followed by a long note (dotted quaverdotted quaver), ), commonly found in a Strathspeycommonly found in a Strathspey

PENTATONIC SCALEPENTATONIC SCALE – a 5 note scale – a 5 note scale commonly used in Scottish music, commonly used in Scottish music, e.g. C D F G A or the black notes on the e.g. C D F G A or the black notes on the keyboardkeyboard

GRACE NOTESGRACE NOTES – an ornament where a – an ornament where a very short note is played before the very short note is played before the main notemain note

PibrochPibroch

Classical music for the Classical music for the bagpipesbagpipes

Always in ‘theme and Always in ‘theme and variation’ formvariation’ form

Scottish InstrumentsScottish Instruments

BagpipesBagpipes ClarsachClarsach AccordionAccordion FiddleFiddle

BAGPIPESBAGPIPES – a reed instrument with a – a reed instrument with a chanter and drones – the drone pipes chanter and drones – the drone pipes create a long, continuous note while the create a long, continuous note while the chanter plays a melody above itchanter plays a melody above it

CLARSACHCLARSACH – a small Scottish harp – a small Scottish harp which is plucked (which is plucked (pizzicatopizzicato))

ACCORDIONACCORDION – an instrument with a – an instrument with a keyboard – sounds are produced by keyboard – sounds are produced by squeezing bellows with the armssqueezing bellows with the arms

FIDDLEFIDDLE – the Scottish name for the – the Scottish name for the violinviolin

BandsBands

PIPE BANDPIPE BAND – bagpipes & – bagpipes & drums, plays marchesdrums, plays marches

SCOTTISH DANCE BANDSCOTTISH DANCE BAND – – Fiddle, Accordion, Bass, Fiddle, Accordion, Bass, Keyboard & Drum kit, play at Keyboard & Drum kit, play at ceilidh’sceilidh’s

INDIANINDIANIndian music uses 2 main Indian music uses 2 main instruments:instruments:

TABLATABLA – a double headed drum – a double headed drum each of different size and pitcheach of different size and pitch

SITARSITAR – a string instrument – a string instrument made of wood. It is plucked and made of wood. It is plucked and has up to 21 strings, 2 of which has up to 21 strings, 2 of which act as a drone.act as a drone.

(Indonesian) GAMELAN(Indonesian) GAMELANA group of A group of TUNEDTUNED & & UNTUNEDUNTUNED percussion percussion instruments including instruments including metallophones, xylophones, metallophones, xylophones, gongs, chimes, double gongs, chimes, double headed drums, bamboo headed drums, bamboo flute & the zither, which play flute & the zither, which play complex cross rhythmic pieces.complex cross rhythmic pieces.

GHANAIAN DRUM GHANAIAN DRUM ENSEMBLEENSEMBLE

A group of A group of UNTUNEDUNTUNED percussion percussion instruments from Africa including instruments from Africa including drums of different pitch and size, drums of different pitch and size, shakers, and bells, which play shakers, and bells, which play complex cross rhythmic pieces.complex cross rhythmic pieces.

STEEL BANDSTEEL BANDA band featuring A band featuring the the STEEL DRUMSSTEEL DRUMS from the West from the West Indies, often Indies, often accompanied by the drum kit. accompanied by the drum kit.

The drums are The drums are tuned, of various tuned, of various pitch and size pitch and size and are played and are played by striking the by striking the

lids with hammers.lids with hammers.

Latin AmericanLatin AmericanDance music from South America, where the Dance music from South America, where the brass & percussion instruments provide lively brass & percussion instruments provide lively off-beat, syncopated dance rhythms. Two off-beat, syncopated dance rhythms. Two Latin American dances are:Latin American dances are:

SAMBASAMBA – A very lively syncopated dance with – A very lively syncopated dance with 2 beats in a bar.2 beats in a bar.

SALSASALSA – The most important element of salsa – The most important element of salsa is rhythm, provided by a large percussion is rhythm, provided by a large percussion section. Salsa has a prominent melody line.section. Salsa has a prominent melody line.

Pan PipesPan PipesWind instrument from Wind instrument from Peru. Pipes are Peru. Pipes are bound together in bound together in order of length and order of length and the sound is produced the sound is produced by blowing across the by blowing across the top of the pipes.top of the pipes.

CountryCountry

A style of American folk music e.g. A style of American folk music e.g. ‘‘Country & WesternCountry & Western’. It involves ’. It involves original songs brought to America original songs brought to America by settlers from Scotland & by settlers from Scotland & England. It can feature the England. It can feature the slide slide guitarguitar..