Scott Foresman Social Studies - SES - 4th Grade Planning
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Scott Foresman Social StudiesNonfi ction Main Idea and
Details
• Glossary
• Headings
Fascinating Facts
• The Nile River in Egypt is the world’s longest river, but the
Amazon River in Brazil moves the most water.
• The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake Baikal in
Russia.
• The highest temperature ever recorded in the world is 136°F
(58°C) in the Sahara.
14823_CVR.indd Cover114823_CVR.indd Cover1 3/3/05 8:09:28 PM3/3/05
8:09:28 PM
Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction Main Idea and Details
• Glossary
• Headings
Fascinating Facts
• The Nile River in Egypt is the world’s longest river, but the
Amazon River in Brazil moves the most water.
• The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake Baikal in
Russia.
• The highest temperature ever recorded in the world is 136°F
(58°C) in the Sahara.
14823_CVR.indd Cover114823_CVR.indd Cover1 3/3/05 8:09:28 PM3/3/05
8:09:28 PM
Vocabulary location
culture
community
transportation
population
Write to It! You have read about communities that are located near
water, in deserts, and in mountains. Write one paragraph about how
your life is affected by the land around you.
Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.
ISBN: 0-328-14823-7
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in
the United States of America. This publication is protected by
Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher
prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval
system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information
regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott
Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide
appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply
regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its
attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of
Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B),
Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd)
Opener: (C) ©Royalty-Free/Corbis, (T) ©Getty Images, (B) Getty
Images 2 ©Getty Images 3 ©Getty Images 4 ©Stephen Bond/Alamy.com 5
©Francisco Cruz/SuperStock 6 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis 7 ©James
Marshall/Corbis 8 ©Digital Vision 9 ©Bob Krist/Corbis 10 ©Frans
Lemmens/Getty Images 12 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis 13
©Royalty-Free/Corbis 14 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis 15 ©Getty Images
In this book you will read about places where people live that are
located in different areas. You will read about people living near
water, in deserts, and in the mountains. This book will explore how
the kind of land that surrounds a community affects the way people
live.
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PM
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey •
New York, New York
Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview,
Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa,
Arizona
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18.0
8.136
4.032
2
Where People Live If you live near an ocean, you might enjoy
playing
in the water. Someone you know might earn money by fishing. You may
have seen a hurricane. If you live near an ocean, your daily life
might be connected to the water.
Wherever you live, your daily life is connected to that
environment. People live in many different places on Earth, and
these locations affect the cultures of the people who live
there.
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3
People adapt, or adjust to, their surroundings. For example, people
who live in cold climates cannot change the weather, but they can
learn how to keep warm.
A community forms where people can live safely and can get the
supplies they need. A community is a place where people live, work,
and have fun together.
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30.744
23.184
4
Water When you look at a map or a globe, you will
see lots of blue areas that represent water. Water includes the
rivers, lakes, streams, and oceans that cover almost three-fourths
of Earth’s surface.
Water is necessary for humans to live, so people often live where
water is plentiful. Lakes and rivers provide water for drinking,
cooking, and washing. Fishing provides food for many people around
the world.
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5
Many people enjoy living near water because of its natural beauty.
They can also take part in water sports, such as surfing, swimming,
and canoeing.
Living near water can sometimes be dangerous. Severe storms with
heavy rains can cause floods that might damage homes and buildings.
People who live near water must also know how to work and play
safely.
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33.048
27.72
6
Oceans are huge bodies of salt water that separate large areas of
land. There are four oceans on Earth. They are the Atlantic Ocean,
the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean.
The United States is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific
Ocean. Many large cities are located on ocean coasts because of the
shipping and fishing industries. These businesses need many
workers, so many people are able to find jobs.
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5:55:30 PM
7
Communities are often located near rivers, another source of water.
Rivers are large streams of fresh water that flow into another body
of water.
Before there were many roads, rivers were used for transportation.
After railroads were built, populations could grow in towns far
away from rivers.
Farming communities can usually be found near rivers. This is
because the rivers are a good water source for growing crops.
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5:55:36 PM
34.488
32.256
8
Lakes are bodies of water surrounded on all sides by land. Most
lakes are freshwater, but some are salt water. Thousands of years
ago, large sheets of ice called glaciers moved slowly across the
earth. The glaciers carved holes that filled with water from rain
or melting ice to make lakes.
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5:55:41 PM
9
Some people live on islands, or pieces of land that are surrounded
on all sides by water. Islands can be found in lakes, rivers, or
oceans.
Life in island communities is affected by how far the islands are
from the mainland. Some islands are connected to the mainland by
bridges. People can drive to and from the island easily.
Some islands have no bridges and can only be reached by plane or
boat. In that case, people on the island must plan carefully if
they depend on supplies from other places. When there is bad
weather, it can be difficult to get supplies.
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5:55:47 PM
23.256
44.496
10
Deserts People have lived in deserts since ancient times.
Desert populations are usually very small. Deserts are dry places
that receive less than ten inches of rain per year.
Weather in the desert is extreme. The days are very hot and the
nights are very cold. There are sandstorms with high winds in
deserts. People who live in the desert must have shelter and
clothing that protect them from the harsh conditions.
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11
In some places, people who live in the desert move around to find
water supplies. Their homes are tents that are light and easy to
pack and carry. In some modern desert homes, there may be air
conditioning.
Desert clothing must be light to keep a person’s body cool. It is
also important to wear a hat and sunscreen in the desert.
Some deserts are always cold. The continent Antarctica is a desert
with lots of ice and snow. It hardly ever rains or snows
there.
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PM2/11/05 5:56:03 PM
Moving Mountains Mountains are tall, natural landforms that
rise into peaks, or tops. The air at the peaks of mountains is
colder than the air below, so many mountaintops are covered with
snow all the time. As the temperature changes, snow melts and runs
down the mountain into the streams and rivers. People drink from
these freshwater sources.
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13
Mountain areas can be a challenge for people. For early explorers
getting over or around mountains was very difficult. Today, many
countries have roads and tunnels that make travel in and through
mountains much easier.
Mountain land is often too rocky and steep for growing food or
raising cows. There are often small communities in mountain
valleys. There are also cities on the edges of some mountain
regions.
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27.072
30.312
14
Sharing the Land All communities share their surroundings
with
plants and animals. There are flowers that grow in the mountains
that grow nowhere else. Cactuses grow in the desert because they
can survive with little water. Each environment affects the types
of plants and animals that live there.
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Every community is special. All communities have cultures with
customs and traditions related to the environment around them.
Transportation, food, and clothes all connect people to where they
live.
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21.816
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16
work, and have fun together
culture the arts, beliefs, behavior, and ideas of a group of
people
location where something can be found
population the number of people in an area
transportation a way of carrying things or people from place to
place
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PM2/11/05 5:56:36 PM
Vocabulary location
culture
community
transportation
population
Write to It! You have read about communities that are located near
water, in deserts, and in mountains. Write one paragraph about how
your life is affected by the land around you.
Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.
ISBN: 0-328-14823-7
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in
the United States of America. This publication is protected by
Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher
prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval
system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information
regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott
Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide
appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply
regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its
attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of
Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B),
Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd)
Opener: (C) ©Royalty-Free/Corbis, (T) ©Getty Images, (B) Getty
Images 2 ©Getty Images 3 ©Getty Images 4 ©Stephen Bond/Alamy.com 5
©Francisco Cruz/SuperStock 6 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis 7 ©James
Marshall/Corbis 8 ©Digital Vision 9 ©Bob Krist/Corbis 10 ©Frans
Lemmens/Getty Images 12 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis 13
©Royalty-Free/Corbis 14 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis 15 ©Getty Images
In this book you will read about places where people live that are
located in different areas. You will read about people living near
water, in deserts, and in the mountains. This book will explore how
the kind of land that surrounds a community affects the way people
live.
14823_CVR.indd 214823_CVR.indd 2 3/3/05 8:09:43 PM3/3/05 8:09:43
PM
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