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This study was developed upon the initiative of the British Council for Serbia and Montenegro and for the purpose of the three-year project of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund in SE Europe. A team of experts was formed, with years of experience in conservation of cultural and environmental heritage in Montenegro. The team members were: Ilija Lalošević, M.Sc., conservation adviser from the Regional Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor, Katarina Nikolić, conservation architect from the Regional Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor, Aleksandra Kapetanović, conservation architect from non-governmental organization Expeditio. During the period of June – July 2004, in cooperation with institutions and non-governmental organizations in Montenegro, the team obtained and analyzed the data on organization, potential, lacks and needs of governmental and non- governmental sector in Montenegro dealing with cultural and environmental heritage
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British Council - Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for SE Europe (CEHF-SEE)
CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE IN MONTENEGRO
S C O P I N G S T U D Y
Podgorica, 2004
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
2
C O N T E N T S
1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
1.1.1. General information ... 5
1.1.2. Aims of the Study ... 6
1.1.3. Main areas of activities ... 7
1.1.4. Methods of information gathering and structure od the Study ...7
2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION
2.1. Institutional system of heritage conservation
2.1.1. National cultural policy ...8
2.1.2. Legislation ...10
2.1.3. Valorisation of cultural heritage ...11
2.1.4. Institutional system ...12
− Characteristics
− Actors (responsibilities, organization, financing)
2.1.5. Questionnaire analysis and results ...17
2.1.6. SWOT analysis ...20
2.2. Local community government ...21
2.3. NGO sector
2.3.1. Development and role of nongovernmental organizations
in the area of cultural heritage ...23
2.3.2. Nongovernmental organizations acting in the field of
cultural heritage in Montenegro ...25
2.3.3. Questionnaire analysis and results ...27
2.4. Media ...31
2.5. Education ...34
2.6. Cultural tourism ...36
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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2.7. Activities done so far ...37
2.8. Ongoing activities ...39
3. ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION ...42
4. IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICULAR PROJECTS ...47
4.1. Strategic Approach to Implementation of Projects ...50
5. REFERENCES ...51
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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This study was developed upon the initiative of the British Council for Serbia and
Montenegro and for the purpose of the three-year project of the Cultural and
Environmental Heritage Fund in SE Europe.
A team of experts was formed, with years of experience in conservation of cultural
and environmental heritage in Montenegro. The team members were:
Ilija Lalošević, M.Sc., conservation adviser from the Regional Institute for the
Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor,
Katarina Nikolić, conservation architect from the Regional Institute for the
Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor,
Aleksandra Kapetanović, conservation architect from non-governmental
organization Expeditio.
During the period of June – July 2004, in cooperation with institutions and
nongovernmental organizations in Montenegro, the team obtained and analyzed the
data on organization, potential, lacks and needs of governmental and
nongovernmental sector in Montenegro dealing with cultural and environmental
heritage. Based on the data and analysis, a number of projects were proposed. Their
implementation should create a basis for the development and improvement of
conservation system in Montenegro.
During its development the Study was emphasised on cultural heritage. Particular
attention was paid to the accordance of these projects with the national cultural
policy and strategic goals of the British Council.
The Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro gave an important assistance to
the team. Feedback and cooperation of institutions and organizations were
significant.
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
5
1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
1.1 General information
Montenegro is a country with large contrasts, where life of people and culture has
always been based on the respect of its traditional values and its heritage.
In geographical sense, the territory of about 14.000 km² consists of the area of high
hills on the North, mountains of Dinarian massif with the mountain climate in the
middle part and the coastal part of steep slopes of mountains Lovćen, Orjen and
Rumija, characterized by the Mediterranean climate. Total length of the coast is
about 300 km. It is a place where mountain and Mediterranean climate meet, and
was very favourable for occurrence of rare and endemic species of flora and fauna.
History of Montenegro is marked by the centuries-long battles for dominance over its
territory. Its location at the crossroads of civilizations of East and West implied good
conditions for the unique cultural and artistic expression influenced by the major
cultural movements that resulted in significant, rich and diverse heritage.
There are four National Parks in Montenegro (Durmitor, Lovćen, Lake Skadar and
Biogradska Gora) and two UNESCO World heritage sites (Kotor area and Durmitor).
In 1979, Montenegro was stroke by a severe earthquake that damaged or destroyed
a large part of its architectural heritage. Still, the earthquake gave a great impulse
for research, revalorization and renewal of the cultural heritage. This movement was
accompanied by an overall action of material, technical and expert assistance from
the country and abroad, especially from UNESCO. The assistance provided to the
devastated area created conditions for rehabilitation of a large part of the
architectural heritage, using new methodologies and technologies.
Relatively well preserved and in a great part intact nature represents a potential for
the development of all kinds of tourism, which is the most important part of the
economy of Montenegro. Still, uncontrolled urbanization, infrastructure and industrial
development are threats to the value, quality and survival of the rich cultural and
environmental heritage.
Despite the large number of monuments, the lack of understanding of their
importance is evident. It causes problems, at the following levels:
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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− Public community, where the lack of care or an inappropriate usage cause
temporary or permanent damage to the natural resources and
movable/immovable heritage,
− Institutional system, where due to the lack of number and level of
education and training of the staff acting whether through the citizens’
services, scientific research, environment conservation or other, are unable to
timely perform all necessary activities.
Yet, growing awareness about the heritage as a potential for the development of the
society initiated numerous activities for additional education and experience,
especially upon the examples and with the assistance of international organizations.
The following text will give a detailed description of the main activities.
1.2. Aims of the Study
Aim of the Study is to perform an overall analysis and make an overview of the
system of conservation of cultural and natural heritage in Montenegro. Perceiving
this situation will enable identification of the potentials and weaknesses of the
system, as well as its needs. Considering recognised needs, existing capacities and
expected assistance, a number of projects will be proposed in accordance with
national strategy and British Council’s program. This study will also:
Provide an overview of ongoing activities,
• Analyse the potential for future activities,
• Create the project proposal of the activities, which should be undertaken by
the British Council, through the project of Cultural and Environmental Heritage
Fund in SE Europe.
The analysis does not include research related to the direct funding of the historical
buildings’ conservation.
The goal of the proposed projects is the realization of activities recognised as
solution of some actual problems, such as long-term promotion and education of
cultural and environmental heritage on all levels, from the local community to the
highest institutions of conservation on one, and from the primary and secondary
education to the university level, on the other side. So far, there were some similar
initiatives, but those were short-time activities, without expected results and effect.
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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1.3. The main areas of activities
The object of the Study is the system of conservation of cultural and envirinmental
heritage, and the analysis relates to the following aspects:
• Legislation and national cultural policy
• The institutional system of conservation of cultural and envirinmental heritage
- Capacities (human resources, knowledge, technical and other equipment)
- Activities
• NGO sector
- Capacities (human resources, knowledge, technical and other equipment)
- Activities
• Public awareness about the importance of cultural heritage and its
contribution to the development of the society
• Involvement of the community and schools in cultural heritage work
• Cultural tourism.
1.4. Structure of the Study
Based on the data provided by the relevant ministries, governmental and
nongovernmental organizations and experts, through the form of questionnaire and
interviews, the Study has two parts:
• Assessment of the current situation (strength, weaknesses, potentials and
problems)
• Project proposal that will be implemented in period 2004–2006 to promote,
educate and train decision makers, experts, NGOs and community, if
approved.
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION
2.1. Institutional system of conservation of cultural and environmental
heritage
2.1.1. National policy
As stated in the Ministry of Culture’s National report, Montenegro is still lacking in a
strategic document with clearly defined concept of the national cultural policy. Up to
ten years ago, the Ministry of Culture did not exist in Montenegro neither did any
other body capable of creation of the strategy, program and action plan of the
national cultural development. “The cultural policy dealt mostly with the daily
problems, in random and with lack of transparency in the decision making process
and in the distribution of the financial assistance”.
In 2003, as a part of the Council of Europe program of an overview of national
cultural policies (project MOSAIC I and II) an initiative was made for defining the
national cultural policy. Up to now, as a part of that project, the following activities
were realized:
− Creation of the National Report (September, 2003)
− Analyses and the report of the Council of Europe experts’ group (May, 2004)
− National debate about the national cultural policy (June, 2004)
The National report of cultural policy points out the necessity of replacement of the
existing, mostly old and exceeded legislation and necessity for a new one,
compatible with international standards. The national program for the area of culture
must be grounded in the Governmental strategic documents such as Strategy of
Economic Development, Spatial Planning, National Program for Higher Education,
Financial and Fiscal policy, etc. The main problem in the area of cultural activities is
funding: the scope of the budget and its distribution. The report also points out the
need of permanent re-education and additional education of the expert staff,
especially since in Montenegro there are no educational programs for whole set of
particular professional profiles such as archaeologist, ethnologist, anthropologist, art
historian, conservator, curator, etc. There is still a lack of an comprehensive
educational concept concerning conservation of cultural and environmental heritage.
Also, a need for provision of adequate working spaces for some institutions is
emphasized, as well as provision of improved and more complete technical-
technological equipment.
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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National report was analyzed by an expert group of the Council of Europe, which
visited the Ministry of Culture and the institutions of culture in Montenegro in
December 2003. The experts’ group rated this report as “solid, and of great help as
it was open, particular and competent”. Remarks were related to the lack of the
statistic data, lack of transparency and untimely participation of relevant actors in
the development of this report. Also, this report is not dealing with the problem of
cultural tourism as the potential for the development.
National debate about the cultural policy in Montenegro was held in Podgorica, on
June 24-25, 2004. Participants at the debate were representatives of the
Government of Republic of Montenegro, local governments, nongovernmental
organizations, national experts and Council of Europe experts. It was based on the
Cultural Policy of Serbia and Montenegro, whose development was initiated in 2002,
as a part of the Council of Europe project Mosaic. It is aimed at cultural exchange
and cooperation between countries of Southeast Europe.
Participants made their comments on incompatibility of the National report with new
population consensus data, untimely information and lack of transparency during the
development of the report.
Basic topics of National debate were questions regarding cultural policy, cultural
tourism, transition of cultural institutions, culture in the market economy, etc.
Inadequate cooperation between ministries was one of conclusions, as well as lack
of financial support for cultural activities, lack of attention to the development of
international cooperation and the development of cultural tourism.
The participants pointed out a need for horizontal and vertical interaction. Horizontal
interaction, on the level of ministries, implies synchronization of activities of the
Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Environment Protection and
Spatial Planning.
Inter-ministerial cooperation is becoming more and more important tool for
communication between and within governments. In order to promote culture and
cultural values various ministries, public institutions, civic society and business
sector should work together.
Conservation and presentation of cultural and environmental heritage must be
treated as integrity, based on the approach established by international
organizations, mainly the Council of Europe. The ministries, governmental
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
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institutions, local government and nongovernmental organizations should work
together to achieve this goal.
Participants expressed a need for re-education and additional education as well as
connection with international partners.
As the cultural tourism is one of priorities of the Montenegrin Government, it is
important that tourism respect cultural heritage, as a resource of sustainable
development. International cooperation, cooperation with local authorities and
nongovernmental organizations active in the field of culture can help initiation of this
partnership.
One of conclusions of the National debate was that it should be a basis for creation
of a strategic platform for an integral approach to culture and its integrity with
science, education, tourism, urban development and planning, etc.
The National debate completed the MOSAIC project. Follow up is development of a
national strategy through one or more legal documents and undertaking steps to
implement that strategy through the short-term, middle term and long-term plans of
activities and projects.
2.1.2. Legislation
The oldest sources of monumental law in Montenegro originate from the Middle
Ages. The modern practice of treatment and care for the cultural heritage was
established in the second half of XIX century, with the following legal acts:
− 1868. – National Parliament of Principality of Montenegro proclaimed Financial
Reform which is considered to be the first legal act in Montenegro partially
related to the conservation of cultural heritage,
− 1896 – the Law about the Library and Museum of the Principality of Montenegro
was proclaimed,
− 1945 – The Law about the protection of cultural monuments and natural rarities
was proclaimed,
− 1949 – The Law about the protection of cultural monuments was proclaimed.
Acts that currently follow organisation and work of the cultural institutions were
mostly proclaimed during the 1990es; most of them were not changed since
1980es, while the law still not adequately regulates some activities (ex. underwater
archaeology). Currently, the following legal acts statutory protect cultural heritage in
Montenegro:
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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− Law about the conservation of cultural monuments (1991),
− Law about the museum activities (1977, 1989),
− Law about the library activities (1977, 1989),
− Law about archive activities (1991, 1994),
− Law about rehabilitation and revitalization of old towns damaged in the
disastrous earthquake on April 15, 1979 (1984, 1986),
− Law about rehabilitation of the monumental area of Kotor (1991),
− Law about monuments, memorials and historic events and persons (1971,
1972, 1988),
− Rule about keeping the Inventory of protected cultural monuments (1992),
− Rule about conditions and work on the archaeological research and excavation
of cultural monuments (1992),
Law about the conservation of cultural monuments (1991) regulates the work
of the conservation service, on all levels, as well as jurisdiction, organization,
financing, activities and process of registration of cultural monuments. This Law
“regulates the system of conservation and usage of cultural monuments, realization
of the special social interest, rights and obligations of legal and physical subjects
related to the conservation of cultural monuments and organizing and income
generating for financing of institutions performing activities of conservation of cultural
monuments.” (Law about the conservation of cultural monuments, article 1.)
New Law about the protection of cultural heritage is in the process of
development. This law should correct lacks of the current law, such as the process
of proclamation of cultural monuments, adequate sanctioning of violations, care and
value of other categories beside cultural monuments (cultural landscape, vernacular
architecture, modern architecture, industrial architecture, intangible heritage),
process of financing and other issues. The new Law should be adopted during the
year 2005.
2.1.3. Valorisation of cultural heritage
The Law for conservation of cultural monuments (1991) statutory values cultural
heritage. This law defines three categories of monuments:
I category – monuments of universal value
II category – monuments of national value
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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III category – monuments of local value
This law also regulates the process of proclamation of cultural monuments. It
establishes movable cultural monuments, and proclaims immovable cultural
monuments. Upon recommendation of an expert institution based on relevant
documentation, Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro reviews it in the period of
six months and proclaims the monument of culture. Based on the Act of
proclamation, Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments makes the
registration in Central Inventory of cultural monuments of Montenegro.
Central Inventory of protected cultural monuments was established in 1960.
Keeping of the Inventory is regulated by the Rule of keeping of the Inventory (1992).
Republic Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Monuments keeps the Central
Inventory of cultural monuments on the territory of Republic of Montenegro. Regional
Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor keeps the Inventory of
cultural monuments for the region of the Boka Kotorska bay. Objects and items that
are suppositious to have elements of cultural monuments are previously protected in
accordance with the current law.
The lack of the existing law is that, beside monuments of traditional architecture and
art, it does not value any other category or attribute of cultural heritage such as
cultural landscape, buffer zone, complexes and objects of modern architecture,
industrial architecture and intangible heritage. It also does not consider the problem
of integrated conservation, risk preparedness, etc.
Due to the Parliament procedure, process of proclamation of a property as a cultural
monument is very long and slow. The last proclamation took place in 1994, and
since then 17 properties are waiting to get into procedure. Even they are not formally
established or proclaimed as monuments, conservation service, although without
enough legal support, interim treats them as protected cultural monuments.
2.1.4. Institutional system
Conservation service was officially established in 1948 when the Institute for
Conservation of Cultural Monuments and Rarities in Cetinje (today Republic Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments) was established. The first modern law in this
field was proclaimed in 1949. Today, currently valid Law for conservation of cultural
monuments from 1991 regulates work of the service.
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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Based on the UNESCO Convention of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
(1972), and after inscription of Kotor area on the World Heritage List (1979), the
Municipal Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Kotor was founded
(1980). Due to the high concentration and importance of monuments on territory of
Boka Kotorska bay, in 1992 this Institution became the Regional Institute for
Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor.
Republic Institute for Environment Protection, founded in 1961 and Museum of
Nature of Montenegro, founded in 1995, are dealing with protection of natural
heritage in Montenegro.
Beside above-mentioned Institutes directly responsible for conservation of movable
and immovable heritage, there are specialized institutions dealing with museum,
archive and library activities.
The supreme body is the Ministry of Culture, which directs, manages and
coordinates work of the whole system of conservation of cultural and environmental
heritage. Institutions for environment protection are under jurisdiction of this Ministry,
but also under Ministry of Spatial Planning and Environment Protection.
The following scheme shows the organizational structure of the conservation
system. The following text explains in details its jurisdiction, work, financing and
activities. Please note that this plan relates only to Governmental institutions, yet,
there are numerous institutions such as museums, galleries etc. which run by the
local municipal government.
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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Organization scheme of institutional system of conservation of cultural and
environmental heritage in Montenegro
Ministry of Culture
Ministry of Culture, as a body of the Government of Republic of Montenegro,
performs management activities related to the development and improvement of
culture and artistic activities. It provides material means for cultural activities, literary
and translation, music and theatre activity, fine arts and design, film production and
other audio-visual media, museum, library, theatre, publishing and cinematography
production, and conservation of cultural and environmental heritage.
As a part of conservation, preservation and presentation of cultural heritage, Ministry
of Culture presently finances and performs management monitoring over following
public institutions:
− Republic Institute for Conservation of Culture Monuments,
− Republic Institute for Protection of Nature,
− National Museum of Montenegro,
− State Archives,
MINISTRY OF CULTURE
Cultural and environmental
heritage
Cultural – artistic activity
Cultural – artistic associations
Protection of natural heritage
Archive activities
Archaeology Library activities
Museum activities
Conservation of cultural monuments
Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments
National Museum of Montenegro
State Archives of Montenegro
National Library «Djurđe
Crnojević»
Centre for Archaeological Research
of
Republic Institute for
Protection of Nature
Museum of Nature of
Montenegro
Regional Institute for
Conservation of Cultural
Monuments Kotor Maritime
Museum of Montenegro
Mausoleum
Petar II
Petrović
Njegoš
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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− Central National Library Djurđe Crnojević,
− Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro,
− Regional Institute for Conservation of Culture Monuments Kotor,
− Maritime Museum of Montenegro,
− Museum of Nature of Montenegro,
− Mausoleum Petar II Petrović Njegoš
Ministry of Culture approves internal organization and systematization of working
places in institutions of culture, reviews and issues agreements on annual reports of
institutions, reviews and participates in creation of annual and long-term plans,
controls their realization and distributes funding according to priorities set up.
Ministry of Culture has a special role in the creation of amendments of existing laws
and other legal acts, as well as in realization of international cooperation.
Based on the systematization from July 29, 2003, Ministry of Culture has 23
employees within following four sectors:
− Sector for cultural and environmental heritage
− Sector for cultural – artistic activity
− Sector for media
− Sector for legal, financial and other affairs
Head of each sector is one of three Minister’s assistants, with exception for legal,
financial and general affairs, whose head is the Secretary of the Ministry of Culture.
Ministry is a Government funded body.
Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments
Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments was founded in 1948. It is
situated in Cetinje. The Institute is responsible for conservation of cultural
monuments on the territory of the Republic of Montenegro, with exception of
municipalities Kotor, Tivat and Herceg Novi. It defines the protection policy in the
Republic of Montenegro.
Activities of the Republic Institute involve conservation of movable and immovable
cultural monuments. Activities of legal protection and conservation of movable
cultural monuments are regular activities of the Institute and involve re-registration of
monuments, field recognition, documentation gathering and processing, issuing of
conservation conditions, work in ateliers for conservation of paper, textile, stone,
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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ceramics, easel painting, fresco paintings and mosaics. The institute has 56
employees. It is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.
Republic institute for Protection of Nature
Republic institute for Protection of Nature was founded in 1961. It is situated in
Podgorica. Its activities are related to research and protection of natural monuments
of Republic of Montenegro. The institute has 18 employees and is Government
institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture. The Ministry of Environment
Protection or Ministry of Education and Science also provide funding for projects.
National Museum of Montenegro
National Museum of Montenegro was founded in 1992. It is situated in Cetinje. Its
main activity is related to exhibition of museum artefacts and to their systematic
research, preservation and presentation. It is a museum of the complex type. It
consists of five museum units:
− State Museum – Palace of King Nikola (memorial museum, founded in 1926),
− Njegoš’s Museum (memorial museum, founded in 1951, situated in Biljarda
building),
− Art Museum (specialized museum, founded in 1951, planned to be situated in
edifice of Serbian legation in Cetinje)
− Historic Museum (specialized museum, founded in 1951, situated in Region
House)
− Services and departments such as museum inventory and documentation
service, library – archive department, conservatory service, tourist service and
service of general affairs.
This institution has 125 employees and is a Government institution, funded through
the Ministry of Culture.
National Museum, along with regular activities, has programs of presentation
(exhibition, publishing, souvenir shop) and with marketing activities provides income
generating.
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
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Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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State Archives of Montenegro
State Archives of Montenegro was founded in 1946. It is situated in Cetinje. Activities
of the State Archives imply preservation, usage, unison and protection of archive
material, as a common state and social wealth. Due to the priceless cultural
treasure held in the archive building, and its monumental quality the State Archive of
Montenegro is inscribed in the Inventory of protected monuments of culture. It is
Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.
Central National Library «Djurđe Crnojević»
Central Public Library «Đurđe Crnojević» was founded in 1946. It is situated in
Cetinje. Its library activities imply gathering, preservation, processing and usage of
books, brochures, magazines, newspapers, documents, musical pieces,
reproductions of paintings, drawings, posters, geographic maps and other material;
i.e. gathering, processing and providing information about the library material for
cultural, educational, pedagogical and other purpose, and promotion of economic,
scientific and technical development.
The biggest treasure of this institution is librarian fond of 1 450 000 library units. This
institution has 77 employees and is Government institution, funded through the
Ministry of Culture, and partially from membership fees.
Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro
Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro was found in 1961. It is situated
in Podgorica. It deals with all kinds of archaeological research in the field as well as
the documentation processing. It has three departments: Sector for archaeological
research, Sector for documentation and conservation and Sector for General, legal
and financial affairs. The Centre has 19 employees and is Government institution,
funded through the Ministry of Culture.
Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor
After the catastrophic earthquake in 1979, Kotor area was proclaimed as the
UNESCO World Heritage site. The Municipal Institute for Conservation of Cultural
Monuments Kotor was founded in 1980. In 1992, it was transformed to the Regional
Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor, responsible for conservation
of cultural monuments in Boka Kotorska bay, i.e. municipalities Kotor, Tivat and
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
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Herceg Novi. Activities of the Regional Institute involve research and protection of
movable and immovable cultural monuments. This institution has 25 employees, and
is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture, and from its own
revenues.
Maritime museum of Montenegro
Maritime museum of Montenegro was founded in 1952. It is situated in the historic
town core of Kotor. Museum activities imply systematic research, gathering,
treasuring and presentation of museum objects related to the maritime tradition of
Montenegro. It is a specialized type of museum. Collections are systematized
according to its content and are of complex type. The Museum has 14 employees
and is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture and partly
from its own revenues (tickets, renting, publications, souvenirs) and through
sponsorships.
Museum of Nature of Montenegro
Museum of Nature of Montenegro was founded in 1995. It is situated in Podgorica.
Activities imply systematic research, gathering, preservation and presentation of
exhibits. It is specialized type of museum. The Museum has 19 employees and is a
Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.
Mausoleum «Petar II Petrović Njegoš»
Mausoleum was founded in 1994. Activities imply protection and presentation of
Mausoleum of Petar II Petrović Njegoš one of the most important persons in the
history of Montenegro, as an historic and artistic monument of special importance
for the Republic of Montenegro. It has 14 employees and is a Government institution,
funded through the Ministry of Culture.
2.1.5. Results and analysis of questionnaire
For the purpose of obtaining and analysis of the data about governmental institutions
in the field of cultural and environmental heritage, a questionnaire was created. Aim
of the questionnaire was to gather data not obtainable from other sources or
databases, i.e. about the activities of institutions, their problems and suggestions for
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
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the future activities. The questionnaire was distributed by e-mail or fax to all
institutions under authority of the Ministry of Culture as well as local institutions.
Almost all institutions responded and sent the questionnaire back. The information
obtained through this questionnaire creates certain database. However, this
database is slightly incomplete since not all information was available. Upon this
information, an updated and more detailed database can be created and hence
even more useful if put on the Internet.
Beside general information about institutions, following categories were considered:
Number of employees – according to obtained data, in governmental institutions
in Montenegro there are 403 (+ Državni arhiv) employees of expert, administrative
and other staff. Those are experts with at least two years of university education or
Bach. degree in architecture, art history, archaeology, history, archive science,
ethnology, conservation and museum science, with adequate professional
qualifications such as adviser, senior conservator (senior curator, senior librarian)
conservator (curator, librarian). Other staffs are mostly technical with at least eight
years of primary education or at most four year of higher education such as artisans,
security workers, gardeners, cleaners, etc.
Number of employees in administration – it varies from 16% in institutions with
more than 50 employees up to 30 % in small institution.
The age structure of the professional staff
Years of work: 0 -10 - about 27 %
Years of work: 10 – 20 - about 31 %
Years of work: 20 – 30 - about 30 %
Years of work: over 30 - about 12 %
Number of trainees in last five years – it varies from 5 – 10% of the employee’s
number, with an exception of Museum of Nature of Montenegro that trained five
(25%) new professionals.
Education funding – almost all institutions provide some financial means for
different kinds of educations of their employees, from training on PC to professional
specialization in international organizations or foreign universities.
Technical equipment – most of the institutions lack in adequate technical
equipment, from PC to conservation tools or material.
Foreign languages – professionals in institutions understand, write or speak some
of the following foreign languages: English, Italian, Russian, French and German. The
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data does not include certificated proficiency, only personal statement of the contact
persons.
Technical skills – upon the obtained information 30% of the professional staff use
PCs and digital equipment in their work. Most of them use MS Word, Excel and
Internet Explorer. There are also professionals working with specialized software
applications such as AutoCAD, COBISS etc.
Membership in national associations – most of the professionals in institutions
are members of some of the following national professional associations:
− Society of architects,
− Society of archaeologists,
− Society of conservators,
− Society of librarians,
− Society of art historians
Cooperation with NGOs – almost all institutions have some kind of cooperation
with relevant national and international NGOs. Those activities range from providing
NGOs with necessary documentation to work on common projects.
Cooperation with University of Montenegro – almost all institutions have some
kind of cooperation with University of Montenegro. Those are mostly informal
activities from exchange of documentation to students' summer schools and
professional practice in institutions, experts working as lecturers on relevant
faculties, common projects etc. Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural
Monuments Kotor has a formal Contract of Cooperation with Civil Engineering
Faculty of University of Montenegro.
Cooperation with local government – all institutions work with local government
bodies. This cooperation was described as modest, routine and satisfactory.
Memberships in international associations – individual professionals in
institutions are members of relevant international organizations such as ICOMOS,
IUCN, IFLA, International ISSN Centre etc.
Cooperation with international organizations – institutions in Montenegro
cooperate with many international organizations in the field of cultural and
environmental heritage conservation through different activities such as projects,
regional cooperation, education, publishing etc. Some of them are as follows:
UNESCO, IUCN, ICOMOS, Council of Europe, Europa Nostra, British Council, French
Cultural Centre, ICCROM.
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Raising awareness – there were no major actions on this subject so far. Yet, all
institutions have raising awareness of the public in the official description of their
activities. The related activities are mostly influencing the public through the media,
publications, exhibitions, lectures etc.
Public information – institutions inform public about their activities mostly through
media – in the first place through periodical reports, press conferences and daily
press announcements. Institutions do not use mailing lists, and most of them do not
have own web presentations. Information about some activities is presented through
the web site of Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Spatial
Planning, etc.
Presence In the media – information about cultural and natural heritage activities
are daily present in the media. Most of the answers in the questionnaire were that
that information was good. Yet, there are opinion that information in the media are
incomplete, selective and with political background.
Problems - regarding its urgency, seven general problems were ranged in the
following order:
1. Insufficient number of trained professional staff
2. Lack of information about latest achievements in the field of heritage
conservation
3. lack of adequate conditions for implementation of new technologies and
methodologies
4. Insufficient technical equipment
5. Lack of financial funds
Under the category of other problems, the following items were elaborated: general
disrespect of the laws, old and exceeded legislation, inadequate working conditions,
etc.
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Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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2.1.6. SWOT analysis
Based on the gathered date and questionnaire analysis, a SWOT analysis of the
institutional conservation system was made, i.e. analysis through the following
categories: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
Ministries Institutions
Strength
Proclamation of laws
Creation of plans and programs
Setting up the priorities
Organization of conservation service
Allocation of funds
Initiation of international projects
Experience, human resources, documentation funds, operational activities insight of needs in the field
Weaknesses
Inadequate and old legislation
Insufficient number of trained staff
Lack of knowledge in new methodologies
inadequate cooperation between ministries
Old fashioned system of institutional organization
Insufficient number of professionally trained staff
Unbalanced age structure of employees (lack of young experts)
Unequal territorial distribution of institutions
Lack of technical equipment
Opportunities
Ability to influence changes of legislation
Initiation of international projects, grants and similar
Mobilization of young professionals
Affirmation of NGO
Training and information about international experiences
Possibility to organize, perform and supervise projects and conservation works
Education and introduction to international experiences
Possibility to mobilize citizens through cooperation with NGO
Threats Negative influence of political parties and business interests on cultural policy
Centralism
Age structure
Lack of professional employees
Difficult adoption of new methods and technologies
Lack of motivation
Negative impact of influence from political parties and business in the work of institutions
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2.2. Local government
In territorial and administrative organization, the Republic of Montenegro is divided
into 21 municipalities as a basic unit of local government, with political and
economic independence. Montenegro consists of three geographic regions:
Northern region (municipalities of Andrijevica, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Žabljak, Kolašin,
Mojkovac, Plav, Plužine, Pljevlja, Rožaje and Šavnik), Central region (municipalities of
Podgorica, Nikšić, Cetinje, Danilovgrad) and Southern region (municipalities of Bar,
Budva, Kotor, Tivat, Ulcinj, and Herceg Novi). These three regions do not have
appropriate organization of cultural and political life.
Upon the Maastricht Declaration, adopted by European Union in 1992, and by the
proclamation of the Law of the Local government in Montenegro in 2003, a principle
of “vertical subsidiary” was introduced in municipality organization. By these means,
administrative functions and tasks are assigned to the local government and
transferred to the higher levels only if they cannot be performed on that particular
one.
In the Republic of Montenegro, there are 357 (428)∗ immovable cultural monuments.
They are unequally distributed on its territory. The highest number of cultural
monuments is concentrated in municipalities of Kotor - 17.65% (31.31%)∗ and Cetinje
(15.41%). On the territory of Boka Kotorska bay, there are 33.60% (46.77%)∗ of all
immovable cultural monuments in Montenegro, and in the rest of it, there are
53.23%. Municipalities with the lowest number of monuments are Žabljak - 1 (0.28%)
and Mojkovac - 1 (0.28%), while on the territory under the authority of municipalities
of Andrijevica and Rožaje no immovable cultural monuments were registered.
Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor is responsible for
conservation of monuments on the territory of Boka Kotorska bay, which consists of
the area of the municipalities Kotor (with the World Heritage site of Kotor), Tivat and
Herceg Novi. The Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments in
Cetinje is responsible for conservation of monuments on the rest of the territory of
the Republic of Montenegro and carries out the conservation policy in the Republic.
∗ Data in the text were provided from the Central Inventory of the Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments and the Inventory of the Regional Institute Kotor. Since the data in those two Inventories are not matching, both data are shown in the table. The coordination of the two Inventories is in the process.
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“Local government should play an important role in conservation of cultural
monuments since they stand on the territory under its authority. Previous practice
shows that local government, regarding problems related to conservation, mostly
relies on the Governmental conservation institutions, so their role is not proportioned
with real needs. It is even more important in the case of municipalities that have
protected urban areas and historical nucleuses under its authority. The Law about
Local government from 2003 states that municipality creates and provides conditions
for protection of monuments and monumental areas of local importance.
1st category monuments
2nd category monuments
3rd category monuments
Total
Municipality
No. % No. % No. % No. %
1. ANDRIJEVICA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. BAR 1 2.86 13 9.8 19 10.05 33 9.24
3. BERANE 1 2.86 2 1.5 2 1.06 5 1.4
4. BIJELO POLJE 2 5.72 3 2.26 1 0.53 6 1.68
5. BUDVA 1 2.86 15 11.28 10 5.3 26 7.28
6. DANILOVGRAD 0 0 2 1.5 8 4.23 10 2.8
7. ŽABLJAK 0 0 0 0 1 0.53 1 0.28
8. KOLAŠIN 1 2.86 0 0 2 1.06 3 0.84
10 28.6 30 22.56 23 12.17 63 17.65 9. KOTOR* (12) (31.57) (52) (32.76) (70) (30.17) (134) (31.31)
10. MOJKOVAC 0 0 1 0.75 0 0 1 0.28
11. NIKŠIĆ 1 2.86 10 7.5 14 7.41 25 7.00
12. PLAV 0 0 2 1.5 4 2.12 6 1.68
13. PLUŽINE 1 2.86 1 0.75 1 0.53 3 0.84
14. PLJEVLJA 2 5.72 4 3 0 0 6 1.68
15. PODGORICA 2 5.72 6 4.51 32 16.93 40 11.20
16. ROŽAJE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 2.26 7 3.70 10 2.8 17. TIVAT* (1) (2.63) (6) (3.78) (3) (1.30) (10) (2.30) 18.
ULCINJ 2 5.72 1 0.75 7 3.70 10 2.8 19.
HERCEG NOVI 1 2.86 17 12.78 29 15.34 47 13.16 20.
CETINJE 10 28.6 22 16.54 23 12.17 55 15.41 21.
ŠAVNIK 0 0 1 0.75 6 3.17 7 1.96
T O T A L 35 (38) 100 133(158) 100 189(232) 100 357(428) 100
List of registered immovable cultural monuments in municipalities in Montenegro
*Note: Data in the table were provided from the Inventory of the Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments and the Inventory of the Regional Institute Kotor. Since the data in those two Inventories are not matching, both data are shown in the table. The coordination of the two Inventories is in the process.
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The Law about Conservation of cultural monuments from 1991, states that a
municipality has obligation to take a good care of monuments on its territory, to
maintain, use and protect them from destructive influences of nature and human
acting, to make them available to the public and to provide funding for their regular
maintenance. During the development of urban plans, for the purpose of preservation
of urban, historical or ambient character of old towns and settlements, municipality is
obliged to provide a professional opinion of the Republic Institute for Conservation of
Cultural Monuments. The Law states that it is necessary to provide license for any
construction works on a monument, which can cause its changes. The licence can
be issued by the Republic Institute” or the Regional Institute. (Article 83; par. 5; Law
for Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Republic of Montenegro).
Municipalities take care for cultural and environmental heritage through the
Departments for urban and construction affairs, cultural activities and activities
related to environment protection. Secretariat for cultural and natural heritage exists
only in the Municipality of Kotor.
Local government also establishes and financially support museums, libraries,
galleries and cultural centres of local importance situated on their territory.
For effective conservation of heritage, it would be useful to have an intensive
cooperation between bodies of the local government and state institutions, since
currently, that cooperation is insufficient and lacks in quality.
2.3. NGO Sector
2.3.1. Development and the role of nongovernmental organization in the
field of cultural heritage
An important element in the process of heritage conservation, beside an institutional
conservation system, is the participation of the civic society. Citizens’ involvement in
conservation of cultural and environmental heritage is mostly realised through the
nongovernmental, non-profit or volunteer organizations or associations. Those
organizations are not Government founded and through different activities without
any profit, they contribute to the overall welfare. Nongovernmental sector in
Montenegro, as it exists today, was initiated in 1999 when the Law about
Nongovernmental Organizations in Montenegro was proclaimed.
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Yet, existence of nongovernmental organizations, active in the process of
conservation of cultural and environmental heritage, has its background way before
this law was adopted, and is related to the different societies and associations of
citizens.
Volunteer organizations, and those dealing with conservation of cultural heritage,
have been active since the mid XIX century (ex. The National Trust – England, The
Norwegian Association for Protection of Cultural Monuments).
Concerning our territory, first societies active in heritage protection (Association of
Serbian Slavs – later SAN in Belgrade, Association for Yugoslav history and antiques
in Zagreb) were founded in the middle of XIX century.
First associations of citizens were formed in the first half of 20th century. Those
organizations were involved in solving problems of heritage and protection of the
tradition of particular towns and places.
During 1920es in town of Herceg Novi, the Association for aesthetic improvement of
Herceg Novi and its surrounding -“Orjen” was very active. Concerning the town
historic and other values, this association had significantly contributed to its care and
arrangement. In 1924 it published a significant book “Herceg Novi – historic notes”,
by Tomo Popović.
In period 1930-1941 in town of Perast, the Association for improvement of town and
turnover of foreigners was active. The Association tried to make Perast attractive to
visitors and was active in arrangement of Perast and improvement of life conditions
in town. It arranged coast and beaches, planted decorative trees and bushes in the
town and conducted water into town from reservoir above the fortress.
Today, some very influential international nongovernmental organizations, such as
ICOMOS and Europa Nostra, exist in the World. They are important actors in the
international heritage conservation.
In the last few years, there was significant support and stimulation to involvement of
nongovernmental organizations in conservation of cultural and environmental
heritage and cooperation with Government institutions.
At the 4th European Minister’s Conference authorised for cultural heritage, held in
1996 in Helsinki, it was stressed that “role of volunteer organizations must be
promoted, used and supported more effectively, having in mind great contribution of
volunteer initiatives in building a democratic society”.
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At the following Conference, held in April 2001 in Portoroz, a “Declaration about role
of volunteer organizations in the field of cultural heritage” was proclaimed. The
Declaration points out that volunteer organizations must have opportunity to
participate in the decision-making processes, such as spatial planning and
valorisation of cultural properties. Field of work, where nongovernmental
organizations are acting, is complementary with those of state institutions, who are
still responsible for protection of cultural heritage.
Role of nongovernmental organizations in Montenegro is also recognised as
important one. Ministry of Culture took a stand, stated in National report from
December 2003, that process to establish partner relations between public, private
and third, i.e. NGO sector, must be stimulated.
At the press briefing, held on April 2004, on subject of “Projects of Ministry of Culture
of Republic of Montenegro in cooperation with Committee for culture of Council of
Europe”, the Minister of culture stated that the Ministry wants partnership with NGO
sector in order to promote volunteer work and strengthen role of nongovernmental
sector in cultural life of Montenegro.
After numerous meetings held in December 2003, organized with representatives of
institutions and nongovernmental organizations, in May 2004, an expert team of
Council of Europe submitted its report, stating, “NGOs and those working in them
deserve more trust. The Government should develop more positive and dynamic
relations towards NGOs active in culture”. The expert team also defined their
recommendations, clearly stating, “The role of NGOs should be empowered, while
volunteer work should be recognised and supported. Concerning the country
development, it is necessary to model civic society and sense of responsibility of
every citizen. The role of regional and local authorities should be empowered. It is
necessary to find a way for secure and stabile financing of work of regional and local
institutions, as well as nongovernmental organizations.”
2.3.2. NGOs active in the field of cultural heritage in Montenegro
According to the data provided by the Ministry of Justice, in Montenegro there are
about 2.650 registered nongovernmental organizations. Only 940 organizations, i.e.
35.4% are registered in the database that was used for the Study, created by the
Centre for Development of Nongovernmental Organizations (CRNVO).
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Upon on the published and available data, no categorisation exists, regarding NGOs
working in the field of cultural and environmental heritage. In “The Directory of non-
profit organizations in Montenegro”, published by CRNVO in November 2002,
categories such as goals and implemented activities were introduced. It is possible,
upon these categories, to create a comprehensive image of nongovernmental
organizations active in the field of cultural and environmental heritage.
In the updated database from 2004, only the name of the organization and contact
are available. The following estimation is based upon these categories whether they
contain description of the organization’s activities, or upon our personal knowledge
about it.
Number of NGOs in CRNVO database
Area November
2002
June
2004
Heritage
June 04
1. Culture and art 118 161 59
2. Education and research 65 95 5
3. Environment protection 59 97 3 *
4. Humanitarian work 30 37 -
5. Socio-humanitarian problems 103 128 -
6. Youth and students 43 54 1
7. Creation and development of the local
community 52 68 12
8. Promotion and protection of business,
professional and vocational interests 57 93 11
9. Promotion, protection and improvement
of human rights and freedom 56 69 2
10. Legislation, advocacy and public policy 6 12 -
11. Promotion of culture of peace and non-
violence 11 15 2
12. Promotion and protection of women’s
human rights 37 40 -
13. Problems of IDPs and refugees 9 18 -
14. International activities 13 16 -
15. Other 27 37 9
TOTAL 686 940 104
11% or 104 organisations of 940 registered in the database, are somehow involved
in solving problems of cultural heritage (note: authors’ estimation). There are 97
organizations active in environmental protection. Most of them are involved in the
protection and promotion of environmental heritage through different activities.
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Regarding cultural heritage, only three organizations were considered because their
names clearly show their field of work, aimed at some specific cultural-historic area.
A special group consists of nongovernmental organizations that cherish tradition
and national and local customs, as cultural-artistic associations, music and dance
groups, etc. In almost every municipality of Montenegro numerous cultural-artistic
associations are active. They are typical examples of organization and performance
of amateur creativity. In CRNVO database from June 2004, only 12 cultural-artistic
associations are registered. Some of those “traditional organizations” have special
status in certain municipalities. For example, in municipality Kotor there are three
traditional organizations: Bokelian Navy, Serbian singing society “Jedinstvo” and
Kotor town music, which are funded directly from the municipal budget, and not as
the rest of nongovernmental organizations through the public competition.
During the period of transition, many vocational associations were transformed into
nongovernmental organizations, mainly financially supported by the State.
2.3.3. Results of the questionnaire
During the process of the project proposal development, a questionnaire for NGOs
was created. The purpose of the questionnaire was to recognise active NGOs
dealing with cultural and environmental heritage, as well as to give an insight about
their goals, activities, problems and needs. The analysis of the questionnaire will be
entered in a forthcoming database and will be a base for defining activities of the
proposed project.
Distribution of the questionnaire
− The questionnaire and basic information about the Study were set up on web
site of NGO Expeditio www.expeditio.org
− Invitation to NGOs active in the conservation of cultural heritage was sent to the
following mailing lists: MANS (Network for Affirmation of Non-governmental
Sector) - about 400 organizations, CRNVO and Expeditio-RAC (Regional
Advocacy Centre) - 90 organizations. Five organizations replied.
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− Individual e-mail massages, with the questionnaire and basic project
information, were sent to organizations that are known as active, i.e. 20
organisations. Five organizations replied.
− A certain number of questionnaires were distributed directly to NGO members
during seminars, lectures or in the office of NGO Expeditio.
− An invitation to NGOs was also broadcasted on 14 local radio stations and a
statement was given to the Radio 98.
Results and analysis
Nineteen NGOs answered the questionnaire. Bearing in mind there are about 100
NGOs active in conservation of heritage in Montenegro, this is about 18% of the total
number.
Territorial distribution – a great number of NGOs that replied to the questionnaire
(13 of them) were from the coastal region, 4 from Podgorica and only 2 working in
the northern region of Montenegro.
Year of founding – most of the organizations were founded in period 2000 – 2003,
i.e. those are new and young organizations. The exceptions are Cultural homeland
society “Napredak” from the village of Gornja Lastva, founded in 1975, and the
Serbian singing society “Jedinstvo”, founded in 1839.
Number of members – this number varies from 3 to 400, while the number of
actively involved members is usually smaller, average about 10. The half of
organizations’ members are conservation professionals. Number of volunteers is
rather high, in some cases all members are volunteers. Only two organizations have
the full time employed members.
Great number of nongovernmental organizations (9) have their own web sites.
Activities - Projects that were implemented by the above-mentioned organizations
were mostly:
− Presentation and popularization of heritage (16 organizations), Pointing out to
problems and potentials of cultural heritage (14) and Research and valorisation
of heritage (13)
− Cherishing of tradition (9), Protection, mountaineering, project design (8) and
Conservation, restoration and maintenance (6).
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− Education about heritage (4), Management (2) and Cherishing of traditional
crafts (2).
Categories of implemented projects - Summer schools (of architecture,
palaeography, diplomacy and archivist), workshops (NGOs: Expeditio, “Napredak”,
“Notar”, Association for rehabilitation of monastery Podlastva, Godinje);
− Volunteer working camps of restoration – using traditional techniques and
materials, training volunteers and artisans (Expeditio, Society of friends of the
town of Perast);
− Volunteer cleaning and arrangements actions (Godinje, Expeditio);
− Brochures Publishing, setting up of information signs (Association of friends of
town Perast, Godinje);
− Experts’ meetings, conferences (Association for rehabilitation of monastery
Podlastva, Notar);
− Round tables, lectures (Association “Korijeni”, Notar, Expeditio);
− Exhibitions (Association of architects from Nikšić, Art club Kula, Napredak,
Expeditio);
− Publications, books, magazines, expert’s articles (Association for the archive
and history of Herzegovina, Institute for photography of Montenegro,
Association “Korijeni”, KGB – Creative Graphic Bureau, Napredak, Association
of Piva’s residents, Notar, Expeditio)
− Heritage presentation on WEB (Rastko - www.rastko.org.yu/rastko-bo,
Expeditio / travelogues - www.expeditio.org, Expeditio / Medieval towns of
Montenegro - www.gradovi.cg.yu) and presentation of organizations’ activities;
− Heritage presentation through the 3D modelling (Sarag multimedia);
− Popularization through media, lectures, etc. (Association for archives and
history of Herzegovina)
− Data gathering and creation of database (Institute for photography of
Montenegro, Expeditio, Association of Piva’s residents);
− Rehabilitation and preservation of traditional customs and events (Society of
friends of the town of Perast, Napredak);
− Concerts, literary events;
− Initiation and organization of cultural events (Napredak, Society of friends of the
town of Perast, Association of Piva’s residents)
− Initiation of concrete conservation-restoration works on cultural monuments
(Association for rehabilitation of monastery Podlastva, Gornja Lastva,
Association of Piva’s residents, Art club “Kula”);
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− Initiatives for establishment of international cooperation (Notar)
− Participation at seminars, workshops, meeting in country and abroad (Notar,
Expeditio)
− Promotion of cultural tourism (KGB – Creative Graphic Bureau, Expeditio)
− Participation in the development of urban projects (Napredak, Expeditio)
− Painting colonies (Napredak)
Half of nongovernmental organizations provided data about their annual budget for
2003, which varied from 300 € to 33 500 €. Three organizations’ budget was more
than 10 000 €. Almost all organizations, up to now, have had local donors (14), and
less than half of them (7) have had international donors.
Cooperation – The cooperation between local NGOs active in cultural heritage
exists (10 organizations). Still, only three of them cooperate with international NGO
active in the field of cultural heritage. The cooperation with governmental institutions
is significant, while cooperation with local government is not that intensive. Only five
organizations are members of the network of organizations active in conservation of
cultural heritage, and four of them are members of Europa Nostra-e, the Pan
European organization for cultural heritage.
Media – Most of NGOs regularly inform public about their activities, mostly through
press releases, information in media, etc. Most of them are satisfied with
presentation of their activities.
All organizations agreed that citizens are not informed enough about values and
potentials of cultural and environmental heritage of Montenegro.
Communication, equipment – All organizations have members with knowledge of
foreign languages, English, Italian, Russian or French.
Most of the organizations possess basic technical equipment. A high number of their
members use computers in their work.
Training - About half of all the organizations are satisfied with available education
and training programs for NGOs. Still, there is a small number of organizations
whose members participate in trainings. Project proposal writing – nine participants;
Fund raising training – six participants; Management training– 6 participants; Public
Relation training – 3 participants; Public advocacy training - 2 participants.
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Problems - Almost all organizations pointed out that lack of funding, i.e. donors (14)
is the basic problem in their work as well as insufficient cooperation with institutions
involved in the process of heritage conservation (14).
Another problem is lack of cooperation with other NGOs active in the process of
heritage conservation (12) and lack of technical equipment (12).
About half of them mentioned following issues as problems:
− lack of active members (10),
− lack of expertise and training of their members for activism in the NGO sector
(10)
− lack of cooperation with governmental bodies (Municipalities, Ministries) (10)
− lack of information about successful examples and models of NGO activism in
the field of cultural heritage (9).
Small number of organizations stated lack of knowledge about valid laws and
procedures in the current conservation system (5) and lack of heritage conservation
experts members (3).
Needs – concerning the most urgent needs in order to perform a quality work in
NGO sector, most of the organization pointed out the following issues:
− Connecting with other local NGOs and individual experts working in the field of
conservation in order to exchange experience;
− Introduction to the successful examples (local and foreign) of work in cultural
heritage;
− Training of staff for work in NGO sector;
− Introduction to the valid legal mechanisms;
− Introduction to organisation of conservation systems.
Potentials – Issues, where nongovernmental organizations can contribute the most
in the development of cultural heritage are as follows:
− Presentation and popularization of heritage (17);
− Research and valorisation of heritage (16);
− Pointing out of problems and potentials of cultural heritage (16).
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Almost half of all organizations saw their participation in the heritage conservation
through education and training (8) through conservation, planning and project design
(8) and through practical conservation and restoration works and maintenance.
A small number of NGOs interviewed, is involved in preservation of tradition and
customs (7) and only two of them deal with traditional crafts.
Interviewed NGOs pointed out their efficiency, enthusiasm, interest in topic and
volunteer work as the greatest potential for their involvement in preservation of
cultural heritage.
2.4. MEDIA
Media has a very important role in presentation and promotion of the significance,
values and potentials of cultural and environmental heritage. Unfortunately, this
subject is not present enough, in the Montenegrin media.
There are about 350 registered media in Montenegro. One hundred fifteen media
are active. There are 45 printed media, 43 radio stations, 15 TV stations, 4 on-line
agencies and 1 news agency. Among them, 21% are public services, 31% are
companies’ ownership and 16% are run by NGOs. Companies are mostly owners of
radio stations, while NGOs run printed media. More than two thirds of journalists
have University education. Age structure of journalists is good as younger people are
prevailing. Among them 38% are between 25-35 years of age.
PRINTED MEDIA
Daily magazines
− Pobjeda – once a week has additional section for culture; daily has culture page
− Vijesti – daily has culture page (about 3, 5%)
Periodics
There are 21 magazines, while six of them has subjects related to the cultural and
environmental heritage (Arhivski zapisi – Journal for archival theory and practice;
Buzuku – Review for culture and society; Darovi kamenog mora – Journal for ecology,
tourism and healthy food; Gajret - Journal of citizens’ association for care of spiritual
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and cultural heritage of Bosniacs in Montenegro; Grad – Journal for culture and city
themes of the Municipality of Danilovgrad)
Cultural periodicals
There are 13 magazines dealing with different aspects of culture and art, where only
one has heritage as the subject emphasized in its title - Almanah – magazine for
research, promotion and protection of cultural – historic heritage of Muslims-
Bosniacs.
ELECTRONIC MEDIA
TV stations
Upon the research performed by the Institute for Media of Montenegro, information
about watching of TV program in Montenegro are available. According to the
number of the audience and time of watching, following three TV stations have the
highest percentage of the public audience: TV IN, Radio Television of Montenegro
(RTVCG) and TV Pink.
Radio Television of Montenegro (RTVCG)
In the program of the Educational and Scientific Department there are some series
related to cultural heritage such as Škrinja, Riznica, Korjeni etc.
During the summer scheme, there are reruns, such as eight episodes of «Ljetopis
kulturne baštine Crne Gore».
This Department cooperates with the Department for Ecology, concerning programs
dealing with environmental heritage. There are four employees and seven associates
in this department.
There is also the Department for transmission of foreign programs. Importance of
the work of this Department is that they unlike satellite channels transmit
international programs with translation to the native language.
One of the main problems is the change of the financing policy for public services.
Now it is required to prepare a program, upon which the Budget finances are
allocated.
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Local TV stations
TV IN – During the summer, it has not any program related to the subject.
MBC Television – Once in two weeks, there are 15-minutes documentary reports
related to the wide range of topics, occasionally to heritage. Once in two weeks in
the women magazine Ksenija there are topics related to the history. During the
summer, these programs are not running. There are five people working on their
production.
ELMAG Television – this television has two programs partly related to cultural and
environmental heritage, broadcasted once a month. Those are Kultura – Review of
cultural events, and Ars Antica – related to antiquities.
TV Nikšić – according to its program scheme, there is a program about science,
education and culture broadcasting once a week, but nothing particularly related to
heritage.
SKY SAT, Herceg Novi – according to its program scheme, once a week there is 10 –
15 minutes program Epoha related to the topics of cultural heritage.
Few times a year programs that promote environmental heritage are produced.
Production of these programs depends mostly on the personal engagement of the
author who writes screenplay, directs and shoots those programs.
Basic problem of the local TV stations is that they are self-financed, or partly
financed from municipalities' budgets. Thus, non-commercial programs are not
represented enough.
TV Pink – one TV station that has the most auditorium in Montenegro does not have
any program related to the subject of cultural and environmental heritage.
Radio stations
Radio Montenegro and local radio stations
Some local radio stations pay attention to promotion of authenticity of the local
environment and heritage. Radio Skala from Kotor has daily and weekly programs
related, among other themes, to cultural heritage of Boka Kotorska bay (local
language, customs, music, cuisine).
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ON-LINE MEDIA
In Montenegro, there are three on-line media. They are as follows: - MN NEWS ON LINE www.mnnews.net
- MN TODAY www.mntoday.com
- PCNEN www.pcnen.cg.yu
None of these media has pages particularly related to cultural or environmental
heritage.
Satellite programs such as BBC, National Geographic, and Discovery channel are
available regularly to a great number of citizens of Montenegro. They have very
important role in promotion of international cultural and environmental heritage.
Some national and local TV stations transmit particular programs from international
TV Networks. Significant number of those programs is related to cultural and
environmental heritage.
In some parts of Montenegro, there is a possibility of watching foreign TV programs
such as RAI and HTV (Croatian Broadcasting Network) broadcasting programs
related to different aspects of their national and international cultural and natural
heritage.
2.5. Education
Due to the insufficient awareness on the values and importance of heritage there is
an inadequate presentation of national and local cultural heritage through the
educational system in Montenegro.
Primary education
Through 8 years of primary education, cultural heritage is studied through the
subject of History. Other activities, such as student’s excursion and visits, provide
schoolchildren with knowledge about cultural-historic monuments, national and local
history, culture and art.
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Secondary education
In curriculum of secondary schools, there are no subjects related to cultural heritage.
In Gymnasium, through the subject of History of Art, students are informed about the
art history of the World, while information about the national art and heritage are
provided only upon teacher’s personal initiative. In other secondary schools situation
is even worse.
In Kotor Education Centre during the 1980es, there was a course for education of
conservation technicians called Conservation-restoration course.
During 1990es, in the same school, there was also a course about cultural heritage.
This course was organized in cooperation with Regional Institute for Conservation of
Cultural Monuments Kotor. Topics of these lectures covered different segments of
local cultural heritage.
In the current reform of the educational system, Ministry of Education and Science of
Montenegro is planning to introduce a new subject called Cultural heritage, for
curriculum of secondary Tourist schools.
Higher education
Faculty for Civil Engineering – Department for architecture
At the Department for Architecture on Faculty for Civil Engineering of University of
Montenegro, the subject such as Conservation of cultural heritage does not exist.
Heritage conservation is studied only as a part of the subject History of architecture.
Faculty of Tourism
At the Faculty of Tourism in Kotor there was an optional subject Cultural tourism, but
it was recently suspended. The subject of cultural heritage is taught only as a part of
some other subjects such as: Art history, Basics of tourism, Intercultural relations
and Tourist space arrangement and protection.
Faculty of Culturology
In Cetinje from 1981-1988 there was the Faculty of Culturology, that educated
conservation experts of different profiles such as wood, metal, stone, ceramics,
paper and textile conservators. In 1988, the Faculty was transformed in Academy of
Fine Arts of general course without any subject related to heritage or conservation
techniques.
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2.6. Cultural tourism
Cultural tourism is that form of tourism whose object is, among other aims, the
discovery of monuments and sites. It exerts on these last a very positive effect
insofar as it contributes - to satisfy its own ends - to their maintenance and
protection. This form of tourism justifies in fact the efforts that said maintenance and
protection demand of the human community because of the socio-cultural and
economic benefits, which they bestow, on all the populations concerned. (From the
1976 ICOMOS Charter on Cultural Tourism)
A positive development of an attitude of the Ministry of Culture of Montenegro
towards cultural tourism is shown through the development of the national Cultural
policy. In the 2003 National Report, not much attention was paid to it. After Council
of Europe experts’ team report and their suggestions, during the National Debate on
Cultural policy one day was reserved for the discussion on the subject of cultural
tourism.
Within the Adriatic – Ionian initiative the Ministry of Culture will initiate a project called
Cultural routes of Montenegrin coast, as a pilot project for cooperation with other
countries in the region.
A German Company DEG in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism developed the
Master Plan for the Development of Tourism in Montenegro until 2020. In this Plan
the main segments of the development of tourism were emphasized:
− Beach tourism, remains the most dominant aspect of tourism,
− Tourism for a target group that likes culture and travelling (the closest to
cultural tourism), and
− Sports, mountain and agro tourism.
The Ministry of Tourism initiated project of Promotion of the National cuisine, as a
good way of promotion of one aspect of the intangible heritage. In the Faculty of
Tourism in Kotor cultural tourism is not studied as a separate subject. There are
some initiatives to develop a postgraduate course with a subject on cultural tourism.
The most of NGOs active in the area of cultural and environmental heritage, among
other activities have promotion and care for heritage. It is one of the first steps in the
development of the national cultural tourism.
So far, different initiatives were initiated, such as: publishing of guides and brochures
about particular aspects of cultural heritage, WEB presentations, revival of traditional
festivities, etc.
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Considering its universal value and attraction for the cultural tourists, more attention
should be paid to promotion of the UNESCO World Heritage sites in Montenegro.
2.7. ACTIVITIES DONE SO FAR
Due to noticeable lacks of existing conservation system the Ministry of Culture and
institutions under its authority initiated numerous activities aiming to overcome
existing problems through available legislative actions. During those activities,
significant assistance was provided by international organizations, institutions,
foundations and donors. Many expert teams analysed the values and state of
conservation of heritage in Montenegro as well as organisation of its conservation
systems. The activities initiated during the last few years have been considering the
following issues:
National policy
In 2003, as a part of the Council of Europe’s European Overview Program of National
Cultural Policies (project MOSAIC I and MOSAIC II), the work on defining the national
Cultural policy was initiated. Up to now, as a part of this project, the following
activities were realized:
− The National Report (September, 2003)
− Analysis and report of the expert team of the Council of Europe (May, 2004)
− National debate on the Cultural policy (June, 2004)
Detailed description of this project was given earlier in this text, section 2.1.1.
Education and training
In order to overcome the existing lack of information and knowledge on new
methodologies and technologies, the following activities were initiated:
Seminar: Reforms and management in culture, French Culture Centre, British
Council, ZAMTES (Budva - Paris – London, 2001)
Course: Integrated territorial and urban conservation - ITUC 03, ICCROM, 2003
Master: New technologies of valorisation and management of Mediterranean
heritage, Ravelo Italy, 2002-2003
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Data base of the movable monuments of culture
In March 2004, in Cetinje, the first database for movable monuments of culture in
Montenegro was presented. The project was initiated by the National Museum of
Montenegro. The original software was designed by local experts.
2.8. ONGOING ACTIVITIES
Proclamation of new laws
The new Law for Protection of Cultural Heritage, Law for Spatial Planning and other
laws are being developed during the ongoing process of proclamation of new laws in
Montenegro. During the development of the drafts of these laws, principles and
standards of European Union were respected. The experiences of the neighbouring
countries such as Slovenia and Croatia, but also others with similar problems such
as Republic of Ireland were analyzed and taken into consideration. Development of
drafts was supported by international institutions and organizations, such as Council
of Europe, UNDP and others.
Law of the Spatial Planning
During 2003 and 2004, numerous public hearings were held regarding the draft of
the Law of planning and space arrangement. UNDP, as a partner of the Government
of the Republic of Montenegro, in cooperation with Ministry for Environment
Protection and Spatial Planning, organized these public and experts’ hearings as its
contribution to the development of a quality law.
The first cycle of public hearings is finished. Beside these public hearings, organized
in every municipality in Montenegro, additional three regional expert hearings were
organized in Budva, Podgorica and Bijelo Polje. Expert hearings were intended
mainly for expert public, municipal departments for urbanism, private companies
involved in planning, design and construction, and for public companies, freelance
architects, urban planners, etc. It was aimed at obtaining an expert and constructive
input for the draft bill.
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The second cycle of the public hearings was held in Podgorica, on July 9, 2004,
when comments on suggestions in the first cycle were given. Besides, opinions of
international experts about Draft bill were discussed. It is expected the Law to be
adopted by the end of year 2004.
Development of the Spatial plan
The Ministry of space arrangement and environment protection, with development of
new Law for planning and space arrangement, initiated the development of new
Spatial Plan for the Republic of Montenegro.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE – Regional program for cultural and natural heritage
of SE Europe 2003-2005
This project was initiated in 2003 by the Council of Europe and is being developed
through the next three components:
Component A: the Preliminary Technical Assessment of architectural and
archaeological heritage (PTA)
Component B: The Priority Intervention List (PIL)
Component C: A Pilot project for the local development
So far, components A and B have been implemented.
FORMEZ – Innovations and cohesion of the central and local administration
in the Balkan region
In accordance with expressed needs of Montenegro and articles of Italian law which
plans assistance to the Balkan region, Formez Centre from Italy, in cooperation with
Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, prepared a two year project with a goal to share
knowledge and experience to central and local institutions on the territory of the
Balkans.
The first project phase was a three-day seminar, held in Cetinje, July 7 – 10, 2004.
Participants were representatives of the Ministry of Culture, Government institutions
under the Ministry’s authority (Institutions for ocnservation of cultural monuments,
Institution for environment protection, museums, libraries, etc), and representatives
of nongovernmental sector. Beside the opportunity to see the organisation of the
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conservation system in Italy, through legislation and administrative organization, all
participants had opportunity to elaborate problems they encounter daily while
working on heritage conservation in Montenegro. Key problems were lack of expert
staff, organization, legislation and financing.
ADRIATIC – IONIAN INITIATIVE
Adriatic – Ionian initiative (AII) was formed at the Conference for the Development
and Security of the Adriatic-Ionian region, held in Ancona, Italy, 19-20 May 2000.
Members of the AII are: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania,
Greece and Serbia and Montenegro.
Basic goal of AII is to achieve political and economic stability in the region through
cooperation in solving specific problems, promotion of sustainability economic
growth, environment protection and exchange of cultural heritage if countries from
the region.
Priorities of the Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro during its chairmanship
period, 2004-2005.
- During the chairmanship period of Slovenia, all member countries made
agreement to create a mutual database about underwater archaeological sites.
Italia will present a model for the database. Considering that underwater area in
Montenegro has not jet been researched, during the chairmanship period of
Montenegro continuation of this initiative will be suggested. Beside the database,
it will be suggested to create mutual maps of flora and fauna.
- At the meeting in Portorož, March 2004, representative of Ministry of Culture of
Republic of Croatia expressed interest for cooperation on a joint research of
underwater archaeological area of Prevlaka. As a Republic Institution the Centre
for archaeological research of Montenegro will be involved in the project.
- We will promote the idea of integrated presentation of cultural and natural
heritage in function of cultural tourism. Since there are many monumental
remains from various past epochs and Montenegro’s greatest resource is its
untouched nature, it makes excellent potential for development of cultural
tourism. As one of priorities, creation of cultural paths and networks within
Adriatic-Ionic basin will be suggested. Question on conservation and promotion
of intangible heritage of this area will be suggested as a subproject.
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- We will try to promote cooperation with the countries with similar language as
ours. Cooperation will consist of joint publication, printing and distribution of
books.
UNESCO – Application for the Participation program 2004-2005
Through the National Committee for cooperation with UNESCO, several Institutions
submitted application for assistance program through various projects related to
conservation of cultural and environmental heritage.
INTERREG
The INTERREG project was initiated in order to strengthen economic and social
cohession in Europian Union by promoting cross border (A), international (B) and
interregional (C) cooperation. Montenegro, in cooperation with an Italian partner,
local government of the Province of Ferrara has became a member of the project
IIIA – Adriatic Cross Border Programme.
Aim of this project is the development of a network of World Heritage sites in the
Adriatic region and their common promotion, definition of guidelines for
management and usage of heritage, exchange of experience, knowledge, methods,
technologies etc.
Project is funded by the European Fund for Regional Development (ERDF), as a part
of Structural Funds, and national partners as co-funder. Deadline for application is
2002-2006 and all activities are to be fully implemented until the end of 2008.
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3. ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Based on the gathered data and its analysis several groups of problems were
identified. Those problems disable work and efficiency of the conservation service in
Montenegro. In the next chart, beside the identification of key problems, activities
and active participants are suggested, who would enable overcoming of problems.
NATIONAL STRATEGY
Problem Goal Activities Active participants
Proclamation of a formal document
Ministry of Culture Creation of the National Strategy for the development of cultural and environmental heritage
Implementation strategy Ministry of Culture
Strategy development through time defined plans and programs
Development of action plans Ministry of Culture, professional consultants
Active involvement of high number of respectful professionals
Ministry of Culture, University of Montenegro, international institutions, NGO
Lack of national program and strategy for the development of cultural and natural heritage To avoid negative
influence of interests from political parties, business, organizations and individuals
Monitoring of the development and implementation of the strategy
Independent expert body
LEGISLATIVE
Problem Goal Activities Active participants
Proclamation of quality and applicable laws based on EU standards
Including of an interdisciplinary team in development of laws
Ministry of Culture, team of experts
Analysis and supervision of the process of the evelopment and proclamation of laws
Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Environment Protection and Spatial Arrangement, institutions, local government
Analysis and compatibility of existing laws
Ministry of Justice
Compatibility of all relevant laws (Law of heritage protection, of local self-government, of spatial planning, etc.)
Introduction of Codex of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage ( for ex. Italian Codicci)
Competent ministries of Government of Republic of Montenegro
Active participation of all actors
Ministries, local community, institutions, NGOs
Quality in implementation
Monitoring Group of experts
Lack or incompatibility of existing laws
Verification of staff’s professional qualification
Introduction of licences to work on culture monuments for professionals, craftsmen, NGOs (process of issuing, seizing and prolongation of licence)
Ministry of Culture, adequate expert body
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ORGANIZATION OF CONSERVATION SYSTEMS
Problem Goal Activities Active participants
Analysis of existing organization of the conservation system (efficiency, potentials, needs) Analyses of Rules of working relations and Rules of systematization and organization of working positions and similar
More effective conservation system
Reorganization of existing and introduction of new activities conditioned by needs of new systems organization and new technologies (program managers, administrators, PR person, etc.)
Ministry of Culture, independent professional consultants
Legal regulation of available ways of cooperation
Ministries
Public presentation of available ways of cooperation
Institutions, NGOs
Mutual project work and stimulation of such projects
Ministries, Institutions, NGOs
Better cooperation between active participants
Forming of network, associations
Institutions, NGOs
Adequate territorial allocation of activities
Activation, reorganization, associating existing active participants in the area of decreased activities
Citizens, NGOs
Incoherent and ineffective
conservation system
Separation of activities within professions
Forming of scientific – research, operational, administrative and other sectors and bodies
Ministries, institutions
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EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Problem Goal Activities Active participants
Education of new staff
Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Culture, University of Montenegro with international assistance
Provision of lacking professional staff
Additional education of existing staff
Local and international institutions, organizations and experts (ICCROM, IUCN, Universities, foundations, and similar.)
Program proposal for training of youth (primary and high school education)
Ministry of Education and Science, schools, NGOs
Development of the training program at University and introduction of subject of cultural and environmental heritage at faculties (architecture, construction, tourism, art academy, economy )
Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Culture, University, international and local experts
Development of the training and education program
Development of training program for craftsmen
Institutions, NGOs, specialized international organizations
Education of teaching staff
Program development for teaching staff
Ministry of Education and Science, University, specialized international organizations
Introduction and training in new technologies and methods of work
Introduction to successful examples
International and local experts and organization
Increase of number of trained staff
Training for craftsmen (courses, workshops)
International and local experts and organizations
Raising awareness through the involvement of subject of cultural and environmental heritage in primary and secondary education
Ministry of Education and Science, international and local experts, NGOs
Lack of professional staff Lack of knowledge Lack of possibilities to apply new technologies and methods
Involvement of youth
Motivation of volunteer activities (workshops, etc.)
Institutions, NGOs
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FINANCE
Problem Goal Activities Active participants
Analyses of usage, redefinition and activation of funds
Government, local community, independent expert bodies
Activation of existing financing mechanisms (taxes, contributions, funds and similar) Monitoring of usage
Independent bodies, NGOs
Self financing through provision of services and other activities related to basic function of institutions and organization
Institutions and organizations
Increase of non budgetary sources of financing
Using funds of local and international donors (foundations, grants, sponsorship, etc) and activation of emigration population
Government, institutions, international organizations, associations
Recognition of importance of cultural tourism in the development of Montenegro
Introduction of cultural tourism problems in local and regional strategies and actions plans
Ministry of tourism, Ministry of Culture, local and international experts
Mobilization and involvement of as large as possible number of participants
Government, institutions, business sector, NGOs, citizens
Improvement of cultural tourism in accordance with principles of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage
Legal regulation and motivation for founding of fundations, legacies, endowments, and similar
Government, relevant stake holders
Cooperation projects of interests for all parties Motivation for founding funds for cultural and natural heritage
Insufficient usage of existing and potential financial resources
Involvement of the private business sector
Motivation through tax and other privileges
Government, business sector, NGOs, citizens
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AWARENESS ABOUT VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE
Problem Goal Activities Active participants
Overall campaign of popularization of heritage
Involvement of the high number of participants
Recognition of values and importance of heritage
Work with youth through school programmes
Ministries, institutions, local communities, NGOs, media
Recognition of heritage as potential for development
Introduction to participants of possibilities to use heritage for economic development of the society
Local and international experts
Explanation of the conservation system organization to citizens
Explain to citizens about legal rights and obligations of all participants in the conservation system
Ministry of Culture, institutions, NGOs, media
Introduction with methods causing devastations
Lack of knowledge of value and importance of heritage
Prevention of heritage devastation
Introduction with methods preventing devastations
Institutions, expert, NGOs
4. IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS
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Concerning previous analysis of needs of conservation system in Montenegro and
program of British Council, here follow the reviews of individual projects related to
one of three suggested topics of this project – Training and education. This topic was
chosen because the analysis confirmed the opinion that the greatest lacks in the
work of conservation service in Montenegro are direct results of weaknesses in the
field of education on all levels, from local community and citizens, through NGOs to
the highest institutions of conservation service who are decision makers and define
cultural policy.
Project NATIONAL CAMPAIGN FOR PROMOTION OF VALUES AND IMPORTANCE
OF CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE
Description and
importance
Lack of knowledge about the value of heritage, responsibilities toward heritage,
negative consequences of unprofessional acting, cause temporary or permanent
damage of movable or immovable heritage and natural resources. The goal of
this campaign is to make care for heritage a part of everyday life of all citizens in
Montenegro. Long-term action of popularization must involve citizens in the
process of conservation, and to help them to recognise ways for economic
prosperity through cultural and environmental heritage.
Sub projects /
activities
Design and broadcast of TV clip
TV programs
Exhibitions and other kinds of presentations
Public tribunes
Printed propaganda material (brochures, posters, fliers)
Billboards
Popularization through printed and on-line media
“Days of Cultural Heritage”
Target group Broad public
Implementers
A significant participation of the Government (Ministries, University, Institutions),
media, citizens, nongovernmental and private business sector is planned in
realization of this project
Period/Duration 3 years (during the whole project)
Scope of finance Larger part of available funds
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Project
CREATION OF THE DATABASE OF THE CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
HERITAGE CONSERVATION SYSTEM AND CONNECTION OF ALL ACTIVE
PARTICIPANTS
Description and
importance
Lack of connection between professional institutions; organization and
individuals has negative impact on conservation service because it disables
possibilities for mutual activities. The goal of this project is to provide an insight
in work of all institutions, organization and individuals, and to create possibility to
for the network of institutions and organizations, which will enable the system to
act more coherent and efficiently. The insight will be preformed by creation of a
database, which will be through internet, available to all active participants.
Sub projects /
activities
Creation of the database of relevant institutions
Creation of the database of experts
Creation of the database of NGOs active in area of cultural heritage
Design of the national web site of cultural heritage with all relative
participants, information, news
Period/Duration 1 year maximum
Sub projects /
activities
Starting up of mutual projects connecting all participants (mutual
presentations of specific segments of heritage, production of publications,
motivating of connecting through activities of craftsmen associations, etc.)
Target group Ministries, institutions, University, NGOs
Implementers Institutions, NGOs
Period/Duration 3 years (during the whole project)
Scope of finance Smaller part of available funding
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Project TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Description and
importance
Due to long years of isolation and economic situation when culture was at the
margin of social activities, there is a need for additional education of the existing
and employment of new staff in the conservation system. With additional
education, currently employed staff will be trained for work in new, modern
methods and technologies, and will be specialized for certain areas of heritage.
For better quality and efficiency of future experts, before founding the specialized
schools, faculties or departments, it is necessary to develop educational
programs and form quality teaching staff, especially at the University.
Sub projects /
activities
ADDITIONAL EDUCATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF
Short trainings by visiting British experts:
general (leadership, project proposal writing, finance management, public
relations - PR)
managing (decision makers, managers)
Specializations in Great Britain:
• practical specific training (conservators, restorers, custodians)
• master courses
• training of University’s teaching staff
EDUCATION OF OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Journalists
Religious organizations
NGOs
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROGRAM FOR YOUTH EDUCATION
Target group All active participants in system of protection (Ministries, institutions, NGOs,
media, religious organizations)
Implementers
A more frequent participation of experts from Great Britain is planned as a part of
this project. Education will be done through seminars, workshops, trainings,
specializations, professional excursions, etc.
Period/Duration 3 years (during the whole project)
Scope of finance Larger part of available funding
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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4.1. Strategic approach to project implementation
For better implementation quality of proposed projects, beside British Council as
promoter and project implementer, it is necessary to include all relevant available
participants, from level of community and citizen participation up to the Government
level.
We also suggest founding of a coordination team that will organize, manage and
follow implementation of individual projects and activities. The team will consist of
five members; one of them will be representative of the British Council, two
representatives of Government Institutions for conservation of cultural and
environmental heritage and two representatives of nongovernmental sector.
4.2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION PROJECT
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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5. REFERENCES
National Report of Cultural Policy of Montenegro, Ministry of Culture,
September 2003.
Council of Europe experts’ reports, May 2004.
Documentation of the Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro
Directory of Non-profit Organizations in Montenegro, CRNVO, Podgorica
2002.
Overview of Local Nongovernmental Organizations (electronic database),
CRNVO, June 2004.
Book of Media in Montenegro, Media Institute of Montenegro, Podgorica
2002.
Book of contacts of Governmental/public Institutions in Montenegro, Media
Institute of Montenegro, Podgorica 2003.
NGO Directory, A Directory of Environmental Non-governmental Organisations
in Central and Eastern Europe, The Regional Environmental Centre for Central
and Eastern Europe (REC), Szentendre, Hungary 2001.
Quantity media analysis in Montenegro and professionals involved, Media
Institute of Montenegro, 2004
Public rating of television programs in Montenegro, Media Institute of
Montenegro, March 2004.
MASTER PLAN, Development of Tourism Strategy in Montenegro to 2002,
DEG, web site Ministry of Tourism of Montenegro and CD Regional Tourist
Master plans, DEG
WEB
Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro
www.ministarstvokulture.vlada.cg.yu
Ministry of Environmental Protection and Spatial Planning of the Republic of
Montenegro - www.mepp.vlada.cg.yu
Ministry of Tourism of Republic of Montenegro - www.mturizma.vlada.cg.yu
British Council Serbia and Montenegro
Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
55
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