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SCOPE OF ORGANIC FOOD IN U.S. MARKET
SUBMITTED TO: MR. KAPIL GARG SUBMITTED BY: BERNARD EMMANUEL ( KUBER IMPEX LTD.) NEHA GADKARI
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Contents
Page No.
INTRODUCTION
Organic Food 3
Market Opportunities for Developing Countries in U.S. Market 4
What India should do to enter US MARKET? 5
U.S. MAKRETS
Definition of Organic Food in US Markets 6
Market Characteristics of the U.S. Organic Sector 6
Import Requirements 8
Trends in Organic Food Sales 11
Emerging Issues in the U.S. Organic Sector 12
INDIAN MARKETS
Rationale for Organic Farming in India 13
Significance of Organic Farming to Indian Farmers 14
Indian Organic Products 14
Products Comparative Advantage 15
Organic Food Exports from India 16
Obstacles and Possible Solutions 18
SWOT Analysis 20
Strategies to be adopted for increasing Organic Production 21
Certification Agencies 24
CONCLUSION 25
References
Page | 2
INTRODUCTION:
The global demand for organic food is growing at a very rapid rate. Ever since
the environmentalists raised their concern regarding harmful effect of increasing use of
chemicals in farming, the consumers are getting conscious and selective about edible
foods. The increasing awareness has caused shifts in consumers’ tastes and
preferences which have led to the domestic as well as global rise in demand for organic
foods. The organic food industry is estimated to grow by 20% from US $ 35 billion with
growth concentrated mainly in U.S.A, U.K. and Japan. The share of India in organic
trade in the world market is less than a percent due to various challenges like
standardization of foods according to consumers’ tastes and preferences, certification,
consumer education, branding and promotion. There are large growing opportunities in
this sector. The major export destinations for organic food products are Australia,
Canada, USA, China, Japan, South Africa, European Union etc. This study is mainly
based on exploring the scope of organic foods in US markets.
ORGANIC FOOD :
Organic Foods are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of
chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible
approach. Under Organic Food, the use of conventional non-organic pesticides,
insecticides and herbicides is greatly restricted and saved as a last resort. In case of
livestock, they must be reared without the routine use of antibiotics. Since the early
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1990’s the growth rate of organic food foods is 20% ahead of the rest of the food
industry in the whole world.
MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN US MARKET
With retail sales of organic food amounting to about $8 billion in 2000 (expected to
reach about $9.5 billion in 2001), the United States is the world’s largest market for this
product group. One of the main reasons behind these very positive growth expectations
is a strong and increasing consumer awareness of health and environmental issues,
including a growing resistance amongst consumers towards food products made with
genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically modified farming. Another
important factor behind this is the aggressive and targeted marketing and promotion
schemes by the retail sector. Consequently the country’s major food producers are
moving in organic production.
The standards introduced on organic production and handling have a great
impact on the development of the organic industry as there is increased focus on
organic products.
In the United States markets following product categories are expected to be
most important:
Products, mostly tropical, that are not produced in the United States or in very
small quantities. Examples include coffee, tea, various spices and herbs, dried
fruits and nuts.
Off season products, such as fresh fruits and vegetables that are not produced in
the United States.
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In season products, for which there is a temporary or more permanent shortage
because of increasing demand.
Novelty or specialty products, like high quality organic wines, retail packed food
products.
Import demand in the near future is likely to be more for fruits and vegetables in
comparison to other organic products
WHAT INDIA SHOULD DO TO ENTER THE UNITED STATES MARKET
A considerable amount of work is necessary to build up an organic export trade
both on production and marketing side. At country level a good agricultural supply base
should be built supported by appropriate standards and certifications, it is equally
important to offer a wide variety of high quality organic food products that fulfill the
market demand.
The producer should make sure that the organic certification is recognized and
accepted within the U.S. National Organic Program (NOP) and that export products
meet all legal and market requirements of the United States.
A careful selection of market segments and distribution channel is very important
for an exporter along with a strong and reliable relationship with an importer or
distributor for building up a profitable business.
Exporters must keep themselves aware of market developments through
information sharing, following trade journals and the Internet, etc.
India should look at the United States not only as a potential future market for
organic products but also consider it as a possible partner in various forms of co-
operation within farming, processing, certification and marketing of organic products.
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U.S. MARKET
Definition of organic in the U.S. Market
The new National Organic Program (NOP) of the USDA determines four product
categories:
100 percent organic: products containing only organically produced ingredients.
Organic: products containing 95 percent organically produced ingredients by
weight.
Made with organic ingredients: a product containing more than 70 percent
organic ingredients.
Processed products containing less than 70 percent organically produced
ingredients: cannot use the term organic in the principal display panel.
As of 21st October 2002 the USDA ORGANIC seal can be used on the first two
product categories provided that the requirements of NOP are fulfilled.
MARKET CHARACTERSTICS OF THE U.S. ORGANIC SECTOR
The U.S. Organic Food industry crossed a threshold in 2000: for the first time,
more organic food was purchased in conventional supermarkets than in any
other venue and continues.
Organic products are now available in nearly 20,000 natural food stores and are
sold in 73 percent of all conventional grocery stores.
Acreage of certified organic farmland has increased to meet growing consumer
demand.
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According to USDA estimates, U.S. certified organic cropland was 4.8 million
acres in 2008. From the consumer side new products were introduced rapidly.
For example, over 800 organic products were introduced within which desserts
made up the majority.
Organic food is sold to the consumers through three main outlets in the United
States – natural foods stores, conventional grocery stores, and direct-to-
consumer markets. Fresh produce is the top selling organic category followed by
non-dairy beverages, breads and grains, packaged foods, and dairy products.
Organic producers market their food directly to consumers much more frequently
than conventional farmers do. Producers capture a much higher share of the
consumer food dollar when they market their produce directly to the consumers.
Community supported agriculture (CSA) is an innovative direct marketing
arrangement that organic farmers have pioneered in the United States for about
a decade. Over 800 CSAs are currently listed in the US database maintained by
USDA.
IMPORT REQUIREMENTS
Although the United States is a very important producer of organic producer and
also produces quite a broad range of organic food and beverages, the country is far
from self-sufficient in this area and needs to import significant quantities from all over
the world to meet the requirements of a rapidly growing market.
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With certain exemptions, import demand in the foreseeable future is likely to be
mainly for fresh produce and bulk-packed organic raw material or ingredients for further
processing and packaging or re-packing, although other organic products may also find
a market.
The specific product groups discussed below include those most likely to be of
interest to India:
Fresh fruits and vegetables: This product group is the most important in terms of
retail sales of organic foods and is also amongst the biggest import products. It
includes tropical fruit and vegetables all year round, e.g. banana, pineapple,
papaya and mango etc.
Top vegetable prospects: beans, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower,
cucumbers, garlic, mustard, onions, peas, peppers, potatoes, radishes,
tomatoes.
Top fruit and berry prospects: apples, bananas, grapes, mangoes, melons,
peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries.
Dried fruits and nuts, edible seeds and kernels: Although there is a considerable
domestic production of these products, there is also a significant import demand,
in particular products that are not grown in the United States, but also for other
items may be in short supply. This category consists of:
Dried fruits: apples, dates, raisins and tropical fruit, like banana, mango, papaya
and pineapple.
Nuts: cashew nuts, chestnuts, peanuts, pistachio nuts, walnuts.
Edible seeds: sesame, sunflower, pumpkin.
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Processed fruits and vegetables: This product group consists of a broad range of
various fruits and vegetables, processed in different forms, including:
o Dehydrated fruit and vegetables, including freeze-dried items.
o Fruit and vegetable juices, concentrates and pulp/puree.
o Canned fruit and vegetables.
o Frozen fruit and vegetables.
Most of these products are used as ingredients or raw materials by various
manufacturers in the U.S. particularly in the case of manufacturing juices, concentrates
and pulp.
There is some import demand for certain canned organic fruits and vegetables
(like hearts of palm), while frozen fruits and vegetables are imported in bulk quantities
and reprocessed and repacked by US manufacturers.
Herbs, spices and essential oils: A full range of organic herbs and spices and
also several essential oils are also imported in US. Imports include, for example,
basil, rosemary, coriander, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, black pepper, chilies,
nutmeg etc. Though spices are imported but the major requirement is in the
essential oils section.
Coffee, tea and cocoa: The sale of organic coffee, tea and cocoa are on a move
ahead in the food stores. According to sources more than 93 million pounds of
coffee was imported in the United States in 2009. Most of the organic coffee is
imported from Latin America, particularly Mexico, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Peru etc.
Other suppliers include Indonesia, East Timor and Uganda. The importers are
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interested in tapping other sources as well. In the same way organic tea and
herbal tea market is also growing in the US.
Grains and flours: Though the United States is a large producer of organic
grains, e.g. wheat, rice, millet etc. it is also an important of rice and of non-
tradition cereals.
Dried legumes (pulses): The United States is a major producer of legumes
including beans, but it imports significant quantities of various pulses, including
lentils, garbanzo beans, black beans, pintos and chickpeas.
Oil crops, vegetable oils and fats: India produces various organic oil crops like
Coconut, Sesame Seed, and Sunflower Seed. Special mention should be made
of soybean, which is an important oil crop used for the production of food items
that replace meat and dairy products which is produced in large quantities in
India. A large volume of vegetable oils and fats are produced in India. India
should take an initiative in this field as United States is an importer of many of the
oil crops.
TRENDS IN ORGANIC FOOD SALES
While a small percentage of all food sales, organic sales are growing faster than
the rate of growth for conventional food products. The 15.8 percent increase in organic
food sales since 2007 propelled the organic share of total food sales to nearly 3.5
percent in 2008. The level of penetration has doubled in the past five years.
Organic food
sales ($ millions)
Change from
prior year
Total food
sales ($
Organic
Page | 10
millions) Penetration*
2004 11,902 14.6% 544,141 2.19%
2005 13,831 16.2% 566,791 2.48%
2006 16,718 20.9% 598,136 2.80%
2007 19,807 18.5% 628,219 3.15%
2008 22,929 15.8% 659,012 3.47%
(* Source OTA’s Manufacturer Industry Survey 2006-2009)
The fruit and vegetable category accounts for the largest portion of the organic
food sales. This one category represented 37 percent of the total organic food sales in
2008. The second largest categories were beverages and dairy products representing
14 percent contribution each. The strongest growth was seen in the categories of
breads and grains (35 percent over 2007) and beverages (32 percent).
The sales for non-food organic products are growing at a faster rate than sales of
organic food. The non-food organic sales reached to 1.6 billion in 2008. New products
categories and new products are introduced in the U.S. market. The sale of non-food
products increased from $ 1,182 million to $ 1,648 million at a growth rate of 39.4 %.
EMERGING ISSUES IN THE US ORGANIC SECTOR
Since the late 1990’s, U.S. Organic Production has more than doubled but the
consumer demand has grown at a faster pace. This change in the consumer demand
has brought a massive change in the market and supply chain. Since the demand is
raising so is the competition. Conventional supermarkets are introducing private label
store brand lines of organic food which is forcing the organic food suppliers to import Page | 11
huge quantities of organic food from developing nations which meet the USDA
standards.
The certified U.S. acreage has also increased and the organic production has
spread to every state and every product category. Even though the acreage has
increased but the adoption level of organic farming is still low as conventional farmers
associate varieties of financial and other risks with organic production.
Limited organic supply has become a bigger issue over the last decade. By the
late 1990s organic handlers faced problems in procuring large quantities of organic
produce from farmers to distribute it to the retailers. More recently, the long term
suppliers have reported the lack of reliable supplies of organic raw material as a major
constraint for the growth of organic business.
Keeping in view all the above mentioned issues the U.S. National Organic
Program (NOP) streamlined with the certification for international as well as domestic
production. This gave a path to various exporters to export various organic produce to
USA provided they met the NOP standards. Imports increased as growth in the organic
demand exceeded the domestic supply. Another reason for the increase in imports was
the cost of production of organic food. Organic farming is often labor intensive and
developing countries with lower labor costs may have a comparative advantage for
some organic products.
INDIAN MARKETS
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Rationale for Organic Farming in India:
In India, environmental concerns have led many NGOs and governments to
promote organic farming. High cost modern farming and its un-sustainability due to
overcapitalization and rising input costs has made organic farming a necessity in many
agriculturally grown regions. Organic farming is not only financially less draining for the
small farmer and good for environment, it also helps the government to reduce its
subsidy bill meant for modern inputs. The logic for organic farming also comes from the
more recent environmental related non-tariff barriers like pesticide residues and fruit fly
problem in fruit and vegetable exports from India. India had been delisted from the list of
approved countries in the EU for import of egg powders, two years ago, for non-
submission of Residue Monitoring Plan (RMP).
Growing market is another important stimulant for organic products in India. The
consumers are willing to pay premium prices for organic products up to 10 percent in
countries like the USA. Only 20 percent of the consumers in India are aware of organic
produce and only 10 percent buy it. The traditional strength of Indian farmers in organic
production makes it much easier.
The Indian Government has recognized the export potential of organic agriculture
and is in the process of strengthening the sector by putting a legal framework in place
by creating national organic standard and certification bodies.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE TO INDIAN FARMERS
In the Indian context, organic farming can be significant in two distinct ways:
Page | 13
To increase the efficiency and sustainability of production: Organic farming can
help to reduce production cost and to increase or stabilize yields on marginal
soils.
To increase product value: In areas where farmers have access to established
organic markets within the country or abroad, products can achieve a higher
price compared to the conventional market.
INDIAN ORGANIC PRODUCTS
Major organic produces from India include plantation Crops; Spices; Cereals;
Pulses; Oilseeds; Fruits and Vegetables, besides honey, cotton and sugarcane. Organic
production of meat items like poultry, livestock and fisheries is yet to figure in India.
Major Organic Farming products
TYPE PRODUCTS
Commodity Tea, Coffee, Rice, Wheat
Spices Cardamom, Black pepper, White pepper, Ginger, Turmeric,
Vanilla, Mustard, Tamarind, Clove, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Chilies,
Vanilla extracts
Pulses Red gram, Black gram, Chickpea, Green gram
Fruits Mango, Banana, Pineapple, Orange, Cashew nut, Walnut,
Custard apple and Papaya
Vegetables Garlic, Onion, Tomato, Onion, Potato
Oil Seeds Sesame, Castor, Sunflower, Groundnut, Mustard
Others Herbal Extracts, Honey, SugarcanePage | 14
PRODUCTS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
A new trend is developing in India to produce some of the crops organically not
only on account of the love for protection of nature but also because of the need for
having safe products for consumption. Some of the agricultural products that enjoy a
comparative advantage for domestic as well as international market can be grown
organically in major producing zone. They are given below:
Products that have a comparative advantage in Organic Market
Products Seasons States
Tea Throughout the year Assam, Kerala, West Bengal, TN
Spices Throughout the year Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Coffee Throughout the year Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Rice Rabi Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala
Wheat Rabi Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu
Vegetables Throughout the year All India
Fruits Throughout the year All India
Cotton Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh
ORGANIC FOOD EXPORTS FROM INDIA
Organic food exports from India are increasing with more farmers shifting to
organic farming. With domestic consumption being low, the prime market for Indian Page | 15
organic food lies in the US and Europe. India is now becoming a leading supplier of
organic herbs, spices, organic basmati rice etc. In 2005 exports amounted to 53 percent
of the organic food produced in India. In 2003 only 6-7 percent of organic produce was
exported.
Exports are driving organic food production in India. The increasing demand for
organic food products in the developed countries and the extensive support by the
Indian government coupled with its focus on agriculture exports are driving the Indian
Organic Food Industry ahead.
The Indian government is committed towards encouraging organic food
production. It allocated USD 22.2 million during the Tenth Five Year Plan for promoting
sustainable agriculture in India.
Organic products exported from India include rice, wheat, tea, spices, coffee,
pulses, fruits and vegetables, cashew nuts, and medicinal herbs.
A breakdown of the export sales of organic products to is given below in the form
of a pie chart:
Page | 16
The highest share of commodity exported is Basmati Rice having 26 percent
share, followed by Tea, Dry Fruits and Nuts having 16 percent, Cotton 10 percent,
Honey 9 percent, Fruits 8 percent, Spices 4 percent, Oil Crops 3 percent, Medicinal and
herbal plants 2 percent, Vegetables and Coffee 1 percent, Others 4 percent.
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Through the trend line we can see that the Organic Industry is on a progressive
path. The exports in the year 2009 reached $ 125 million from $ 87 million MT in the
year 2008. The organic industry has never shown a declining trend in exports with great
increase in the last two years.
OBSTACLES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR SELLING INDIAN ORGANIC
PRODUCTS:
The obstacles and possible solutions for the low import of Indian organic
products can be studied through the following table:
Aspect Obstacle Possible Solution
Price “Price expectations are too The export traders from India should
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high in relation to quality.” have realistic prices.
Quality Low consistency of quality
contamination
The quality must be consistent. For this
reason, higher quality standards must
be enforced to develop and maintain
good reputation
Availability Reliability of exporters More promotion from Indian traders and
governmental institutions. Better
understanding of the demands of buyers
Logistics Slow shipment, restrictions
for importing Indian organic
products”
The logistics must be better coordinated
from the place of dispatch for shipment.
Duty ports must reduce the time taken
to complete the customs process.
Export
Authorities
Time consuming and
complicated paper work
Develop a fast track for export.
Information Lack of information on
availability and certification
More promotion activities on the part of
traders, farmers and governmental
institutions.
Administration Inconvenient modes of
payment; the governmental
bank’s system is too slow
Indian traders must show more flexibility
in modes of payment. The bank’s
systems must reach higher standards.
Customer
Service
Poor customer service from
the Indian traders after
sales
Increase service quality; in particular
client follow-up systems must be
implemented. Traders must accomplish Page | 19
what they promise.
SWOT ANALYSIS FOR ORGANIC FOOD EXPORTS
Strengths:
Wide variety of fruits and vegetables and other commodities can be grown
organically.
Very less consumption of chemicals in India as compared to developed nations.
These areas can be turned into organic.
Organic pockets existing in different parts of the country.
Farmers as well as Government interests are rising in organic.
Various niches in fruits and vegetables can be created.
Indian corporate investing in agribusiness especially in organic farming.
Weaknesses
Short shelf life varieties.
Lack of farmer awareness about agricultural practices, products and technologies
for organic farming.
Quality not competitive in the domestic and international market.
Price competitiveness
Lack of market information and intelligence.
Global marketing research lacking.
R & D base in organic food production lacking.
Page | 20
Opportunities
Favorable government vision.
WTO offering global opportunities.
Price- premiums in different markets.
Export opportunities in new product/market (section).
Rising demand for organic products in major markets like USA, Europe and
Japan.
Natural food stores opening up.
New products and technologies ushering in.
Private sector keen to join organic chain value.
Threats
Competition from domestic industry.
Threat from imported products.
Non-tariff barriers may be imposed by developed nations.
STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE ORGANIC FARMING FROM INDIA
The following steps should be taken to improve organic farming in India which
would enhance our organic exports.
Strategies to be adopted by Small Farmers:
o Small farmers should form an organization that produces and market their
own products for the domestic and export markets.Page | 21
o Training programs for farmers and NGOs not only in organic agriculture
methods, but also in how to sell, promote and diversify their markets and
how to fulfill certification requirements.
o Farmers should have access to financial support for organic production,
administration, group certification and marketing programs for their
products.
o To promote organic products in national and export markets where
farmers can participate.
Strategies to be adopted by Traders
o Training programs should be arranged for traders in order to promote and
sell organic products in the domestic and export markets.
o Offer continuous organic market information and direct contact to potential
buyers.
Strategies to be adopted by Government
o Improve organic national rules and regulations.
o Achieve recognition on the international level.
o Promotion of organic farming through training programs, financial help and
subsidies to small farmers.
o Improve image of Indian organic products and trade.
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o Facilitate the implementation of a producer, traders, processors national
database.
o Support domestic marketing initiatives.
o Provide subsidies on organic products and provide market information.
o Form an organization for managing the organic exports.
o The cost of certification should be brought down by the Government to
promote small farmers.
o Remove subsidies on chemical fertilizers and pesticides that impede the
growth of organic farming.
The Government of India estimating the growth in this sector took the following
steps:
Increasing Investments: As a part of the 10th Five year plan the Government of
India had earmarked Rs. 100 cr. for the promotion of organic agriculture in the
country. The main initiatives include farming of standards, negotiating with
different countries.
Promoting input market: Central Government is also promoting the production
and use of bio-fertilizer to make it popular. Government has initiated a project
“National Project on Development and Use of Bio-fertilizers” for this purpose.
Main objectives of the project are as follows:
o Production and distribution of Bio Fertilizers.
o Developing standards for Quality Control.
o Training and Publicity.
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Promoting Green Agriculture Market: APEDA is the nodal agency to promote the
Indian organic agriculture and its export opportunities. The National Organic
Standards have evolved. In developing these standards due attention is paid to
guidelines as enumerated by international organizations.
Other Efforts: Some of the other efforts to promote organic exports include
attempts to collaborate with all the major importing countries. Towards this
APEDA is deliberating with the European Union for inclusion of India in the list of
the third countries, so that India’s National program gets recognized under the
European Union regulations.
CERTIFICATIONS
Organic certification is a certification process for producers of organic food and
other organic agricultural products. Requirements vary from country to country, and
generally involve a set of production standards for growing, storage, processing, and
packaging. Organic certification is necessary to prove that the produce is organic in
nature. There are no tests to distinguish between organic and non-organic food and
hence a certification remains the only way of proving that your produce is organic. In
India, APEDA regulates the certification of organic products as per National Standards
for Organic Production. “The NPOP standards for production and accreditation system
have been recognized by European Commission and Switzerland to their country
standards. Similarly, USDA has recognized NPOP conformity assessment procedures
of accreditation as equivalent to that of US. With these recognitions, Indian organic
Page | 24
products duly certified by the accredited certification bodies of India are accepted by the
importing countries. The various certification agencies in India are:
Natural Organic Certification Association
Ecocert SA
Control Union Certifications
IMO Control Private Limited
Indian Organic Certification Agency
Lacon Quality Certification Pvt. Ltd.
OneCert Asia Agriculture Certification Private Limited
International Organization for Standardization
CONCLUSION
Indian organic food market is on growth the demand for organic food in India is
on a move ahead it has been estimated that the domestic consumption of organic food
product will be low as compared to the production. According to Asit Tripathy,
chairman of APEDA “Through various bilateral agreements, India’s organic exports can
be enhanced to $ 1 billion in the next five years.”
USA and Europe are the major markets for organic producers. The US industry
for organic food is on a rapid growth. Growing consumer demand has taken organic
products from their traditional place in natural stores to more mainstream venues such
as Wal-Mart and Costco. The United States continues to import a major portion of its
organic food from Europe, Asia, Canada, and Latin America to meet growing consumer
Page | 25
demand. USDA sources estimate that the ratio of organic imports to exports is
approximately 10 to 1.
The Indian organic exports have shown a drastic change in the last 5 years. The
2009 exports realized over $ 125 million for the organic industry showing an increase of
50.31 percent over the last year. Out of this export only 20 percent is exported to US,
the exporters should find potential buyers for their organic produce in the US as there is
a mismatch in their demand and supply position. The US National Organic Program
(NOP) certifications have opened a door for many exporters to export their produce to
US provided they meet the required standards.
Indian organic producers in order to increase their exports should get themselves
certified from various certifying agencies as certificates play a vital role in the exports.
The Govt. of India under the 11th Five year plan has targeted the development of five
million hectares of cultivable land into certified organic production by promoting a
scheme to compensate farmers for the lower yield of such crops. The Govt. also
organizes various trade fairs in order to promote the exports of organic products. The
common people along with the government should promote organic production by
creating awareness among the people as it would help the nation prosper and the
environment will also be safe.
Page | 26
REFERENCES
U.S. Market organic food
A survey by World Trade Organization
Recent growth in U.S. Market for organic food
A research by USDA and ERS
Organic overview U.S. 2009
Trade related data by Organic Trade Association
Market opportunities & challenges for organic products in India
A research paper by Research Institute of Organic Agriculture
Marketing of Indian Organic products
A research paper by Sukhpal Singh
http://www.intracen.org/mds
www.indianjournals.com
http://www.apeda.com/organic/
http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/nop
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food
http://www.organicfacts.net/organic-food/organic-food-trends/organic-food-
exports-from-india.html
http://www.slideshare.net/ds_iimk/em-term-paper-organic-farming
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