Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
AR'rICLE XX.-Description of supposed zew Species and Subspeciesof Mammals, from Arizona. By EDGAR A. MEARNS, Assist-ant Surgeon, U. S. A.
Sciurus hudsonius mogollonensis, subsp. nov.
(MOGOLLON CHICKAREE.)
Types, No. 2300,* 8 ad., Quaking Asp Settlement, summit ofMogollon Mountains, CentraT Arizona, May 25, I887; No. 2996,V ad., from near General Springs, Mogollon Mountains, Arizona.Collected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns.
The Chickaree of Arizona is intermediate between Sciurus hud-sonius of the Eastern Province and var. fremonti of the RockyMountain region. Its closest affinities are naturally with thegeographically nearer form, var. fremonti; but, in its extremephase approaches very closely in coloration var. hudsonius, exceptin the color of the tail, which is a little redder than in var. fre-monti. It is somewhat larger than the eastern Red Squirrel, andconsiderably larger than the neighboring form of the RockyMountains-Sciurus hudsonius fremonti.
Description of Types.-Color above reddish centrally from theocciput to the base of the tail, finely grizzled with gray and black,becoming more grayish on sides and outer aspect of thighs;black line of sides indicated, though not strongly pronounced;coloring of limbs externally corresponding in the main with thatof the sides of the body, except the feet, which are whitish,sprinkled with black and fulvous hairs; fore part of head grayish,inclining to dusky on forehead; under surface, except the tail,a circle around eye, and end of nose except a narrow blackishline above, white; entire pelage plumbeous at base, that belowappearing plumbeous on the surface, in places, by reason of thewearing away of the white tips of the hairs; tail, viewed beneath,gray centrally, bordered with black, succeeded by grayish white,and gray all round at base of tail, the black lateral stripes begin-ning narrowly, and gradually encroaching on the gray central
* The numbers of the type specimens are those of the American Museum Catalogue; thosegiven in the tables, where the specimens were collected by myself, are my own original numbers.
[Febru4ary, I890.] [277]
278 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. 1I,
N~~~~~~~~~~V!qXp 0ea : : :H >-P" "0 -¢- *"laU4a4" - 4 r- " 'q ". r-
""" -4 "."z*
>A 8^^Bta : : o > oRS °> a> 8) co
! .!t ^ ;0 pUA 0} %u~~~~~~~~10103U W01n :^^00O008S;=0A0m;C ::-0 C0
I 000000)0000)0000£O 0e 00 *
U)A qxID JoUBPasOb3ool igugoo 0V co co
Z°C o~C
O- Pi 1o lo1Iosototo,
'A-1HOUO0 UO IJCcT__-
J !w 1d9 pO aor-je9 u]I°I c___oc8_oc_ c
Oo pa%as}8}no}o p0000)0)0000)0)080 0 0 ) - 00C
b- SL10 O UO019Pood lo t-"IUW-coOoo.-. coZ
z 0CndoooS£n£eS£e£F£sEb tz s£a -
X~~~~~~~~~~tlpulO AO __*cox jo pUB O *101110Jo ___co co____ _____ -0b _____.ElOv7w CO -4C
O BAiuIoJopueolsg JdpIoo - *
X~~~~~~~~~~~.od . . .ooooon os.
o *ioo jp ns m'i ej:'.-e'o'1Uac:r ]gX *cao oo o
..0* O00 4:*o00 Eondndjo;R nlQ "5000))))0000)'Sj))
Z ooooooo-oo 4o o .i- tujo1d asagagjeevage:: w t IN w
I..000000)00)0)00 ~~~~00-0___I. Q O O O O O O 011 01 )
0..) .,.I...auI%aG uBsa * O b *t- * ****o * *
b ~~~~~~~sunj-jv9 jo ql2aol co
¢& ¢:osOs H *
o~~~~~~~~~~~~~ccoplcqeq >cc ccDc co>e >c C co m
__
-q0jOU 0AoqB101.0o o 01010coco _ ____c c C
I) 000 00000v9 000I 0)0CZ-- -000
E4 __u_jooAoq _H a-° CZ> CE g Cat 0o
-puaidelno'-lpl- co
VsnB-lduenJ lm plr * .-- oto L2 o.O- c 00 oz
BIq,o 14i8XXXge zoXO 8& ;cE00 )o c - I00 000 00 wo 0
2 > pUO o} XOOI IUOI,{ -^c ^
X pugoHlooJoIOIA IOmp *m (.,o8seb9n0sou | i°-In 40 MtbD1- C>I t- 0 * _
2 uaoijpainsmteau)ipoq puu PU]E[ I ¢CocQttqqcs
on g tooI - ooR a :00
O *~~~~~~uawloads,foamjo _iju - s _ - -_:s : s- ¢*UOWIBd9OOJV.. at- .0~~~~~~~~~~~~o co co oX a)x>
00~~~~~~~~~B)000~~~~~~mQ0 CT
)0l-woO 000 00 00
Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SCS O t~~~~~~~~~B:---- - p__ p0 % S
0 - ..-.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O O O Ppg *02- pug xas
)0wa-t-000~I0000~ 0100 W,-4~ B
X*J9qu a )00 wmw090*UDa 8 m c co
[February,
Mearns on AMammals from Arizona. 279
lgl.aw'A&'f JOAkOI tl: 06 Ca t6 cc ql cc tl C6 Cd C6 Cc C6 C6 16 46
*ql2UqI 'Ailf JOAIoII c-cq -,'c *4 ci o: ci c2 * _' la OD wo:co co co e.o: CO_co. co co co OD OD 4o l
ooo! ooooC! oovco_s~19,uaa9&aq eouilsip lwv10Io ixddn 1c co 10ulCCQC Ot *e
rn92ojx[Iuei'lo4ieoddn m00C)000 00 ,-0t0.L .
JOZQI0O~U99MO~XJ2ue '21U[OtIUl Jgadd ~ c! ri
o o6-Jeozeouaaeqtip[S'2loslouliodda :
*eowvd jo ut2jum C!0000 OOCO000 CC0 0lepulq o° luoi; moljU1'S10lou jaddja t- 0¢ c = g t- = g _____
u:OCt0h00-300 C)°:C o:OSiA[OmU o° 4uo0J moij 'e10sou0I .adda O x X Ae e o -o e _____AO c _
I CQO t oOO O" 00 jCaaocO*puIqaqGqlpiAi seuoq jug-B coo:o6Cio: o c6mi C6a:X o: oQ
¢400) C)000'00 00C"O)C)qlSual'sauoq 1888S
o X,D 0- oMo v-<C * 1o ll:ts9l!qjo uooAilaq aauulfj(I aco c6 t; c6 t_ t; c6 t-_ t; t- ts *; .- .- .o
O00K)00O0t-00~~~00 00q1p1&o191u9o0 o o _oo**.IZ000O0-000 C 00t Ov0c
*qlpl& IselvalD o ao0; o.6.6c.6, g; 0 )C)000 eC_C_ CQ C OC
e00et00b0~~~~00AOU o0tccAOC~C ~
.0.. 'd .. ,d0- ig - 154- - - L-- .0 -L-- - - 's4 0 -.4 <5 -.4P.-
)0=01000 00 0
0~~~~~~~*
*06.
-xas I r-z99b F kF#
|0 -?° * * o-0wco Q=u a CC
al
o ~ ~ ~ ~ ...~Ilo001 i oMw
ai ..s; . .
i .i
?; C6-j- -
.
.
. .
* . *
* .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
. .
.
.
* .**'Sb .
|;§t a'B a-t O
NDX ¢ Xa P a as.s.,. .s
s i § aP s s sfi *s *s *s
-3 CC)-
to
0
-'1PD _.
_
00
09D0I
0
0
0
H
-414
Ez*0
No. 4.]
C-
0-4
Cl)
U
*4
U)
%.A
0
Cl)
0m
Cl)
H
C
U)¢1
I 890.]
iI
Dv
41Is
D34i:0
280 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
stripe until the latter becomes obliterated at the extremity, whichis nearly all black; the 5-striped pattern of the tail less distinctabove, and the central area reddish; the slightly developed ear-tufts dusky, and the long, full whiskers jet black.
Cranial and Dental Characters.-In this Chickaree we have thelargest skull of any of the five races of Sciurus hudsonius, whichis remarkable, since in hudsonius (verus) there is a notable in-crease in size to the northward, as shown by Dr. Allen's table ofmeasurements, in the " Monographs of North American Rodentia,"p. 688. The dental formula is I. 1-j; Pm. 2Z2 M. 8412 a minuteand functionless premolar being present in nine of the thirteenskulls examined.
Habitat.-This handsome Squirrel is an inhabitant of the firand spruce woods of the alpine portions of Arizona, where it re-sides throughout the year, seldom descending into the pines,which constitute a forest zone below the firs and spruces. It isvery abundant on the San Francisco peaks, and thence southwardin the Mogollon Mountains, and in the eastern spur of that rangeknown as the White Mountains. A Chickaree also inhabits themountains of New Mexico.
Fiber zibethicus pallidus, subsp. nov.(PALE MUSKRAT.)
Types, No. 2346, 8 ad., September 17, I885, and 2348, 9 ad.,August 28, i886, both from Fort Verde, Central Arizona. Col-lected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns.
Description of Types.-Size, two-thirds that of the eastern Musk-rat. General color, rusty brown, paler and grayish beneath;under fur gray, tipped with rusty or yellowish brown; coarseouter hair scanty, glossy brown, reddish in places; whiskers, andscattered hairs of tail, rich liver-brown.
Cranial Characters.-The skull shows no constant differencesfrom that of the common species, except its very much smallersize, as shown in the subjoined table of measurement.
[February,
Mearns on Mammalsfrom Arizona. 28I
*-a0}1@ Jom punJoI1 Q0e'.[ 0 __-~~~ I... -0lZuu joljapul °Iplouooojo dil soooa qo^o kocaO.ij -lguJi'e[q!PtU'8JLuO 1019H ~ _
CO0000A0 00~0 0c00=oC 00I C-012ug.10paiul 01olXpo9SU0moli oono>euonooc upamns9 u1 'eIqlpuiutu Jo 1jq2lH - _9 - V M e_*
J0UijoUlJOSU 9AIJOuollod . t
,JoS!oUIjOd12o1XIlCpoI~tUoJj I coI" .COIC20oo000 cpaineem 'jlqlpuvua jo q12utagI , °_
,ejjnqBjlpnBumoooozolo oijo javatumsp joijalsod-0jalu, C1 eio i4 ick I" -4 . . .oeott .|o
ewnins Iule}JBdlulnu jo uaaax 00101Ce ° > ° 0 00°. COC.°> (0°. °. 10jdpujq01 a Jn1nslsuIaujpluua j co co .C
O1 WflUtBlU UJIUB1O tUOJ 0 0 01C.84~I 0 CC°O> > > > >Coc
*(agsla) 8l10 1IC..oc/ooo1*con01l 00110001aC010 g
*~~~~**11 Ig°°°° °>°*(p°o)so0> 0s0000100010100H0 101FIia ddnjgopuutA l ua pleUIjC___ ____ C__ _ _c___ _____ _c
00a00 00 04k00CU 1001*soddn9s1w[tU ipddujoqI"w -t t Ie e ¢ e e et e I*
COIOOAIlU 0000100 0001000001 lo!Oi(-oa d' l2uolad 0 to10 Co NM018ojusooo. °.°. -.I 1-0I0I0000 0
uoaA& qlplsI__oquiadf 0 0 00co C*c^. 000o 0 0oInao10C010l 10
tuojuaWt9's.iwauo.qdd.a o -Oooo o>>c cq>> go - >' oo ¢-odo uOJIjuoIOj'SJ.osiou[Joddflaoe
lpS21_eoqnOo 'oICooDooo Zolloi fojl2uoJj89oqut udd ws;CI C O.0
00m0m( 4000C41000ll ICOCO *-nxsJoXq2TaEt ll R*eMqo Rc 9o:, 19*-!aOR>R,D~ 09 I: R*o $ .
.qqqqw c2c.
enwloua XJollpnr joj9p[oq - 0 000o *jo1011u-u ju p@insome qipuB@1g 10, 6g 4 K m mOD> t° t
C110 0_-0_0QO C6) to co~~~~~~~~~~~~IOMCCC "MMCO QcqSpuosaqJo viumoXz 0*gU1£D 0100Ao_a o*010001, O1o0
-oiigodo=414iia uelmwoj uj~ja 01CO 100010ct 0o1'-
o
=01000 0 OC 1 .00-ae80do1tunu5umeuu oaU jto, zlOia fi$XX>2st4*>f aeotEa £e
1010010010 1-400C0010M01000o0 10
qWUI1J | o~&: K2it;o'l E -_00CC 00 'I__________________~~~~1 10 ~1011I-210 IR:: R1
CO OC COOC COCOCO CCO 1000
.ql:gJuoM g "82.0=" k f .
_~__-m :XW*1
00 coa~~~~~~~
___H__ _S>_
AO'XO
+01 10 CO10-0 10 10 10 0 110C0 0 0C(- 0bf
*va > >> o Q
nvp, .-a .P. _
No. 4.]
z
C.,
4z..1.1
1111
.1
(/2
1./2
0(/2Hz
(/2
I890.]
282 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
'A110190SO0 0 0 0 0 0 0I'O 00
-eauuni ^atuol;quald s aa m o R o co ol jL-ouo pamssaou l'wuol* sss
JO pugI 9uoJopuaef-JO e al 0 0 0 - 0)0I~ UOp9AUSIOU'9AVUIDJO._opu4oU°1r-4)OtDIoo}lsSmoJI :I:_::__IL- 00 10
~~M~~~poo o ^pug ol JIDUVIopo.o1 eis tuaoi0 0 0 0) 0 AO 0 0 C-. nusu0 JOMA3IO5)uorI 0) 0) 0) ) 00 00 00 00
gs&ulo jo pue olauoq 00 00_G O 00Tuuojilsd pui aq woij 'null.W o
J,SOpug o4uoutoalouo,Io g 1
o fjulojo pu o°l olndmogJo 8woozd ploasoo0 m01.f
,o qlm pulqpqoloijolnojopua :Mtm! CRO c
o- h
B o~~~~~~~~C o o o c) o o o z
judwooO0o Indla~joO.& ttoo C_ *
coLuejod ~ t- O OD001o___*bz W X X -|
nlouci Sa 0 co o= co Z
on .....oc . co
3 IqXuaoqN 6H . . .__. . .
oco o- o0 o) u-0cco co oOIaqojqojpo - - AO- -|U0J 8AQoq-u jq2j9]j|Cs -e°
papjse8uol [ Co °t * °R CDa 0'g-1q:SjqA&IgesurI 0 04 at00
*saio u0eexpq 9ouin1gI9E *|0 co40
e
*qldop1saeoaS;11.8| * **t*spu¢ __t40.1q0~10Afl4)J~ 04 0 co 0'0:lqala l8Ig°Aa t- "0 -4 GN>>
(munt os! Jo Altso.oqnl ol asou 8moJj plnsvouw) XpoqpU8p8eHpp__
HZu GIIVIOL °O _o
~~~ 00 ~4 ~ CO 00
.0 c0 OD0 0 00* *0.@
64)
A s e > o b g a O e s-~~~~~~~to
*etu . <
[February,
z0N
HzU
i
0
.4
*4
vt-
'n
C
00
Z
¢L)
.Mearns on Mammalsfrom Arizona.
Remarks.-This Muskrat is abundant on all the streams ofArizona that are tributary to the Colorada River; but I didnot find it south of the Gila River. It is very numerous atFort Verde, where it never builds houses for winter, but livesin burrows in the banks of streams, similar to those occupiedby the Beaver, and feeds on fishes and vegetation. The natur-alists of the Mexican Boundary Survey found this animal atthe mouth of the Gila River. " In one nest which we accident-ally opened in the bottom of the Colorado, and supposed tobe the habitation of a Muskrat, we found a large store of screw,-beans, on which the animal seems to feed in winter time."-(A. Schott.)The Muskrlt inhabiting the plains of Montana, represented in
the American Museum Collection by a specimen (No. 552, 8)from the mouth of Rosebud River, collected by George H.Trook, agrees with the Arizona form both in its small size andpallid coloration. I have been impressed with the general simil-arity of these two regions, aside from the severity of the winterseason in the former, especially the close resemblance of theirrespective flora; and it is not improbable that the range of thePale Muskrat of the Great Basin region extends through the drycentral plains to Montana.
Arvicola mogollonensis, sp. nov.
(MOGOLLON MOUNTAIN VOLE.)
Type, No. 235I,* 8, collected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns, nearBaker's Butte, Mogollon Mountains, Central Arizona, July 26,I 887.
Description of Type.-Color above yellowish brown mixed withgray; sides fulvous; belly grayish, washed with pale fulvous;feet and tail grayish; whiskers mostly white, black in front; pel-age short and hispid. Forefoot 5-tuberculate; hindfoot 6-tuber-culate ; soles nearly naked. The dentition shows this species tobe a member of the restricted genus Arvicola.
I890.]* Nearly adult; the skull is manifestly immature, although nearly grown.
No. 4.1 283
284 - Bulletin American MAuseum of Natura/ History. [Vol. II,
Remarks.-This Vole is abundant in the Mogollon Mountainsof Arizona, preferring moist openings overgrown with tall brakesand grasses, in which its numerous runways may usually beseen.
Hesperomys leucopus sonoriensis, Auct.
It has been with much hesitation that I have divided the group
of short-tailed I)eer Mice of the west, now known collectively as
Hesperomys leucopus sonoriensis, into five subspecies; but, in view
[February,
MEASUREMENTS OF FRESH SPECIMEN.
MM.Total length.121.00Head and body (measured from nose to tuberosity of ischium) 88.00Tail, measured to end of vertebr . ..31.00
t " I hairs ............................ 35.00Ear, height above crown .. 7.00
" " "notch......................... 9.00width at base ..................... ............... 9 00
From tip of nose to eye............................ 10.50" " centre of pupil.12.50it It auditorymeatus. 19.00" it tip of er.31.00" i occiput...2................. 25.00
end of outstretched hinder extremity 117.00Fore limb measured from head of humerus to end of claws 34.00
id " "olecranon process to end of claws. 23.00is " " behind pisiform bone to end of claws 11.00
Hind limb measured from great trochanter to end of claws .. . 44.00patella to end of claws.31.00
" " " hinder border of calcaneum to end ofclaws..................... 18.00
Longest claw of manus ................... 2.00pes ... ........ ....................... 2.20
MEASUREMENTS OF SKULL.
MM.Total length.... ........ 23.00Basilar length (from foramen magnum to incisors)........... 19.60Greatest zygomatic breadth.13.20Greatest parietal breadth ....... .......... . 11 .00Interorbital constriction.3.70From front of incisor, at base, to molar series.. 7.60Length of upper molar series (on alveolke)................. 6.00Length of nasals........... ... ................. .. 6.20Greatest width of nasals.3.00Length of mandible (from condyle to distal point of alveolus).. 15.00
t it" (from condyle to tip of incisor).16.00Height " " (from angle to highest point of coronoid
process).8.20Length of lower molar series ............................. 6.00
Mearns on Mammals from Ar-izona.
of the growing inclination on the part of naturalists to ac-knowledge slight geographical races in zoological nomenclature,and of the importance of their recognition in connection with thestudy and definition of faunal areas, a subdivision of this groupappears to be inevitable. Surveying the quite extensive series ofspecimens in the collection of the American Museum of NaturalHistory, together with those in the Museum of ComparativeZoology, at Cambridge, it is found that no less than five verydistinct types are represented from the interior region of NorthAmerica, viz.: a very dark arctic race; a pale grayish form fromthe treeless plains of the north; a more reddish or cinnamon-colored race from the treeless regions of the south; a darker andbrowner southern alpine form; and a pallid race from the desertregions of California and Arizona. Three of these races havereceived names, all of which can be retaip,ed, although the types ofthe early descriptions may be far from typical examples of theseraces as they appear to-day, in the light of accumulated material.It becomes necessary, therefore, to redescribe them from speci-mens reflecting the extreme characters of each subspecies.
These several races should now stand as follows:Hesperomys leucopus areticus, subsp: nov. ARCTIC DEER
MOUSE.Hesperomys leucopus nebrascensis (Baird). BLACK-EARED
DEER MOUSE.Hesperomys leucopus texanus (Woodhouse). TEXAN DEER
MOUSE.Hesperomys leucopus sonoriensis (Le Conte). ALPINE DEER
MOUSE.Hesperomys leucopus deserticolus, subsp. nov. DESERT
DEER MOUSE.Synopsis of Subspecies.
Ears medium; tail long; pes, about 20 mm.; pelage very long and dense,everywhere plumbeous at base. Color above, dark grayish brown, withconsiderable admrjixture of black in the median line, and little or no fulvouson sides; ears densely hairy, black outside, edged and coated inside withwhite; no white spot in front of the base of the ear; tail stripe broad andblack, occupying about one-half of its circumference; feet and under partswhite; a black area around the eye............ ............ arcticus. *
* Type of diagnosis, No. 5555. Mus. Comp. Zo0l. (= No. 4531, Smithsonian Institution),from Fort Simpson, Hudson's Bay Territory. a ad., Sept. 7th. Collected by R. Kennicott.For measurements of this specimen, and many others of this subspecies, see Dr. Elliot Coues'sMonographs of North American Rodentia, i877, pp. 66 and 83.I 890.]
285No. 4.]
286 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
o000000 0000000 )000000 00 000o00000C~~~~~0000)00) 000)09woojpulqlJo qIuo0IIoo-.g0 ro oIoo
ul&o.a ONO(D0 0cq 000)000 00000 0
gAoq,u lqgtot 'gale: i iV -;,:i _c;,- ttOC; C t- "- 0e0000000 0000000 000000 -
s o0s-sit.qJopuago fll,eL Coosoo.- cOoco -a0f*0 t-d000
_______ e,C,_D ,c Ao ko aot-co -o -co k-0ce - -oco
L,gpoq 00C000006oco* .I. ORpUBaP-0aqJo l0suo 0 0 00 0 c 00- 0 00 00 0000 0 k-C0 0O
00" L0000:0 000000000000 000000 '0 'aco10to .0 c 10iDt cz o E en AO"It = to co
umowIdsJO a)JInIN -,M
0 a*H ~ ~~~Q-4
CB A M2
0.
o 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~c
Q 0 0....... . .
000oo0& %% 8% 0Xano000000 %or)ooe&& o?2 _ r_4 _ 1 _4 r_4 4_4 _ _
oq ,t) .0- OC)^H--
OO a_ -O )p0~~~~~~~~~0b0
::::::: o:.
Pi000 0000000000
F0 0 0000000 0 0 0 0 0 0FO 0 0 0 0 0a Fa
o >Xo ZOto e.
*loqxng. , = 3 , E~~1. n E Egd
a** 0:
04S.. a)0-.4 ,
0000 0A00d00000 07
0 P'k-~ ) 000000 0
.0 eqtungxe d o do o d o..........,0 - -
S)- 0*-- t
.) ......)....0
.....000.
....)a
....)a
..)a.l .4 .
...~. 0
....
0
Q
a)
0
.0
b...qa0
aC)
4)
0
00
a)d
0
aa)20
0
a
lw=1Mad0U0M
E-4
[February,
a_;
C-,
0cn
V
rn
U)
0
0
U)
¢:
Mearns on Mammals from Arizona.
Ears rather large; tail short; pes, about 20 mm. ; pelage long and dense.Color above, pale grayish fulvous, very finely lined with black; earsdensely hairy, black outside, edged and coated inside with white; a smallbut conspicuous white patch in front of each ear tail stripe narrow andblack; with less black around the eye.. nebrascensis.*
Ears small ; tail short; pes, I9 mm.; pelage dense, but shorter. Color above,cinnamon-fulvous, inclining to reddish, slightly darker in the median line;ears not densely, pilose, brownish, with hoary edging extending but littleinside ; white patches in front of ears inconspicuous; tail stripe brownishblack; without black around the eye.texanus.t
Ears very large; tail short; pes, about Ig.2 mm.; pelage dense, but rathershort. Color above, brownish fulvous, mixed with black; ears dusky,with hoary edging; tail stripe narrow and dusky... sonoriensis.
Ears medium; tail long; pes, nearly 21 mm. ; pelage short and hispid. Colorabove, pale cinereous drab, slightly darkened in the median line, becominglight fulvous on sides and rump; ears nearly naked, hoary edged; tailvery narrowly striped with dark brown above ; whiskers reaching toshoulders ......................................... ..... deserticolus. §
The skulls of these four races afford no tangible differentialcharacters.
I am fortunate in being able to present the foregoing measure-ments of a series of adult specimens of nebrascensis and texanus,from skins prepared by the same person. The measurements ofsonoriensis were all taken by me, from fresh specimens, in thefield.
Sigmodon hispidus arizonae, subsp. nov.
(ARIZONA COTTON RAT.)
Type, No. 2370, 8 ad., Fort Verde, Arizona, September 13,i885. Collected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns.
Description of Type.-Larger than Sigmodon hispidus Say &Ord, with more hairy and relatively larger ears, and longer tail.Colors much paler, both as to the coarse outer coat and the underfur. Pelage coarser, and more hispid. Skull and dentitionheavier. Above light yellowish brown, mixed with ashy, linedsparingly with black; below white; pelage everywhere plumbeousat base; tail dusky above, whitish below.' Ears large, orbicular,clothed with yellowish brown hairs on both surfaces, more spar-ingly outside.A Young Male of the Year (No. 2372, 8 juv., Fort Verde, Ari-
zona, October 2 i885. Dr. Edgar A. Mearns) differs from adults* Type of diagnosis, No. I200, American Museum Collection.t Type of diagnosis, No. 2508, American Museum Collection.1 Type of diagnosis, No. 2357, American Museum Collection.
I 890o] j Type of diagnosis, No. iI75, American Museum Collection.
287No., 4]1
288 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
.e1nu* amXnus
XujoiaUdalui Jo qi2uei931198
lBOI1s13o q1)uiulotu xaddn jo qiuoj
snLOOA1ItUOIJ 3J0910Ul JA0OI
uaiOjJ SJ030)M.15 ie(ddlsuoq panu jo q2u0lj
-uopo1.1jsuoo liEIqjojawu
4t CQ CQ_1C CDO0 tO :0- :C
SCO 80=03cOCO CCOO oO000000000 00000000
C CO03, t0c QCO-C 080
Q.. 91 9. ~.9.9.'1 .
00000000000 000000>bCO000I-0-0 000000000 00000k-k-k
c
I00 oOooooOoo 00000000
= e=woowO ww OC *e>O '
-4 _ I. _4 _ e 1- 4 -_ _ - -I - _H
I 10 o0 10 cq 10 AO 80 80 e8O U' o:10 8 0
k r-00
& CO 0
00m
k- 0 00k- :00 CO. gCk-O
0O3 CO 030.
00CZ inOk- 0nk-C: " 00000n o 0
_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cr°N0IPC_a (Ncn.a>X>*X>4mcw qjo dl olO ipuotuloJ1i
_doojoI!oU CC OcRo c oo 0 0 _
9jqjpuvtuajoqj,2Ualw oDo > Oc:
cq _ ¢] > 0cn M t CO Co _GCO CO co C* CO
Isul uaasAtlq eauuist( 0 : c e o >
ainjud jo iapjoq 'ajsod o .....t~ clO O t-7O 11 ID w ~ CO O: w0 tO O I 1~ ° °
_____________ - ~~~~~~~~~~~~,ooC -400 oCO ooo'co 03*0
ol tunuglua uataueoj IUuo,{ -4 "_.........": CQ -4 -4 1>. 0",mc g*e
asl-oldjo ulSBjuuajapulq | e......CQ¢ncn-oOe'OOb w
____________ 03,-~~~~~4=CP. to0003030303 030 0 3003G0303
1 91091)Ut Jo0 1ou0jd11d01j O
~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~i "C Cft ft1k-.ft:co ` ~ "Rf 03_~~3J~r . . 00 _-CO _ ........__._
~~ 00~~*3wCOOOftO*O ftOOftOCo0 DD0
lasuoqj qla9 0 00e= .t00 000 --. . .. coO49coSCOUIJOIJC1°°0__ - CoZ C co> Cqeo C oCCOOOC3CO:00030 C
,qjpvajq o Sz aCO__CO*O*030-0_ C_
*1~ sc>o&oo o_sooaa coooW.-4 4 -4 . .e _ t - H_4*,
-'--eDCe eOCO O OOI e 3 CO0qlUal 110 L lo : 0-
-
Ot- -
;t *in Z-d co d4 kmteo: t km '4 kt-to 'n
CO COCOCO
N C30cg X ttc - - 0_ O __ - Ca
.-o
0
A : :
joun n Im ='-E ~ iC:N Z4V '--- 6----4
*-
*atntto X ° 7 os o° -
0Q9 60UzO D 9flps9np?t9?l 7vz2.&W2 *vnpgTsqi,v -Sv uopOuz?zy UOpOUb1Y
.~ -.
In :- m co
-I,,C M
@3 @3
.___6- - =aq10z 0 P$ a:0c0000-g.'.
tQ0 S.0S
C> 0°
0, ", _ ,,
:;C;.-.E-4 -. t
co
c'
00.00
0
0
%tnQ-Wv
E--
[February,
0
00-40
EnCf)
cn0
H
za.0
C,Q
00
Cl)
lz
.1.0
040
cn
0Ev¢4¢Dpw
U)
No. 4.1 Mearns on Mammals from Arizona. 289
in being less yellowish brown, especially about the nose andflanks; it is more ashy.
Remarks.-The material at hand for comparison comprises alarge series of skins and skulls of Sigmodon hispidus (verus) fromFlorida and the Atlantic coast, and of S. hispidus litforalis fromthe East Peninsula, opposite Micco, Brevard County, Florida,together with S. hispidus berlandieri from Corpus Christi, Texas,and the type of the very distinct S. fulviventer of Dr. Allen.In the survey of this material, the discrepancy in the sizes ofArizona and eastern or southern specimens is very apparent;but, in the absence of detailed measurements of fresh specimens,it is impossible to make exact comparisons. However, thefollowing measurements, taken from fresh specimens by com-petent collectors, will prove useful. Only adults, having prom-inently beaded skulls, with the sutures reasonably closed, areincluded:
Total Tallength. Tail.
Average of 10 specimens of Sigmodon hispidus* 262.74 100.887Average of 8 specimens of S. his.pidus littorali4. . 275.75 104.63Type of Baird's Sigmodon berlandier4i .......... 250.86 116.84Specimen of De Saussure's "Hesperomys toltecus"t 218.44 91.44Type of Sigmodon 4ispidus arizone.320.00 121.00
*Six males and four females. Six are from Gainesville, Florida, and measured by Mr. FrankM. Chapman, and four from Raleigh, N. C., measured by Mr. Brimley.tMeasured by Mr. Frank M. Chapman.tTaken from Dr. Coues's table, the total length being the sum of the measurements of head
and body, and tail, there given separately.
The excellent series of skulls in the collection of the AmericanMuseum of Natural History, N. Y., affords better material forsize comparisons. In the accompanying table of measurementsonly well-grown skulls, in which the supraorbital bead is well dis-played, have been selected.From a study of this material, it is apparent that there are
four recognizable races of the single representative of this genusfound within our borders. Of these S. hispidus beriandieri isthe smallest, and, perhaps, the least deserving of subspecificrank. The specimens of this race from Corpus Christi, Texas,above alluded to, are in the collection of Mr. Geo. B. Sennett.I 890.]
290 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
In size they correspond with Prof. Baird's type, adult skullsaffording similar measurements to those of Dr. Coues, fromMexico.
Dipodomys mnerriami,* sp. nov.
Type, No. 2394, 8 ad., New River, Arizona, May i6, I885.Collected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns.
Description of Type.-Toes 5-4. Form slender and delicate;tail elong'ate; ears large, scantily haired. Pelage above mousegray at base, overlaid with pinkish buff; sides sandy; sides ofnose and face nearly back to the eyes, spot at posterior base ofears, band across thighs and encircling'base of tail, and all below,pure white, except a dusky stripe on plantar surface of foot; adusky spot at root of tail above, at base of whiskers, and at theend of the nose; whiskers mixed white and blackish; tailwith a white band on each side becoming obsolete near theextremity, drab-gray on upper and under sides and terminal one-fourth.
.Remarks.-The tail and limbs are much more slender than inD. ordi or D. chapmnani. The skull, likewise, is much lighter,and considerably smaller than in D. ordi, which is a stouter,heavier animal.The principal agreement between this species and Gray's des-
cription of D. phiiz5psi consists in the character " toes 5-4," givenin the description of the genus, of which his "D. Phillzfii," takenby John Phillips, Esq., near Real del Monte, Mexico, is the type.His description reads as follows: "Dipodomiys Phillipii, Gray.Grey-brown, with longer black hairs; sides sandy; sides ofthe rnose, spot near the base of the ears, band across thethighs and beneath, pure white; nose, spot at the base of thelong black whiskers, and at the base of the tail, black; tailblack-brown, with the band on each of its sides and tip white.Length: body and head, 5 inches ; tail, 6'2 inches; hind feet,I 2 inch."
* Named in honor of Dr. C. Hart Merriam, Chief of the Division of Economic Mammalogyand Ornithology, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
[Febr-uary,
NQ. 4.] Mearns on Mammals from Arizona. 29T
MEASUREMENTS.
MM.Total length............................................ 281.00Head and body (measured from nose to tuberosity of ischium) 110.00Tail, from root to end of vertebrae .. 149 .00" " " hairs............ 170.00
Ears, height above crown ............. ................... 10.00meatus ................... ........... 13.00
Girth of chest ... ..................................... 72.00From tip of nose to eye .................... 23.00
ear ...... 36.00auditory meatus .... 37.00tip of ear .. 49.00occiput ................. 40.00
From olecranon to end of claws ............... 31.00Manus (measured from behind pisiform bone to end of claws. 12.00From patella to end of claws......................'..73.00Pes (measured from calcaneum to end of claws)............. 36.00
Dipodomys chapmani,* sp. nov.Types, No. 2400, 8 ad., January 26, I887, and No. 2398, V ad.,
October i, i885, both from Fort Verde, Arizona. Collected byDr. Edgar A. Mearns.
Description of Types.-Toes 5-5. Above the predominantcolor is mouse gray, mixed with black and buff, becoming sandybuff on sides; sides of nose, spot behind the whiskers, above theeye, and at the base of the ear, band across thighs and encirclingbase of tail and all below, pure white, except a broad blackishstripe on plantar surface of foot ; a black spot at the root of thewhiskers; a dusky circle around eye, and a dusky spot on nose,at base of tail, and above heel; whiskers blackish mixed withwhite; tail banded with white on sides nearly to end of vertebrae,residue drab-gray. Ears clothed with very short hairs on bothsurfaces. Sexes alike.A young specimen (No. 731, y juv., Fort Verde, Arizona, Sep-
tember 20, I884. Collected by Dr. E. A. Mearns) is darker thanadults, having the pelage considerably mixed with black, thesides having the coloring of Perognathus-buff, lined with black;whiskers with more white than black; caudal pencil jet black.Two suckling young (Nos. 2396, 8 juv., and 2395 Y juv., April
27, i886, Fort Verde, Arizona. Collected by Dr. Mearns), taken*Named in honor of Mr. Frank M. Chapman, of the American Museum of Natural History.
I7890.]
292 BullednAmerican Museum of NaturalAHistory. [Vol. II,
t 0to 00 0 L-Oo co co 0oc0
. wIoJopu.o1ujIOjopue oJoglli_dJo_pugop JjU7aqOOJj$oSml a On k
A&V1018GUOTl Jo tj2Uqj 9snuU leo CO* O. C0 CoC0 O
x *plP&'unu*j*M £ ~~~~O0 0 CO 0 C
oP4 98&J jo puUOuVLoo xaojff a% co| co
Jo pua ol snzamnq jo pveq moiog[ILCOO to-, 0
o*qiml puIq ptpola@lslno jo pu |C
JIGIB OdI " co CO 00C CoCdoo o o o co co co m ,0
k- 00 CO k- 0- c
0!COS 000R9 S b
CDO 1CO AO 0 0 . 4o l~~~~~'ldnd jffo aw1a9c 'C-6 IN- ;i t §
g08Bq jB qlplm 8Jsai cO. O.O O O 0
0q 0 - ° | b
'qOUe1AOCgIqI-SletIL['Ja 'co CO Cm co co co I-q(
*saaaataeosXta 0 0 0 CO co Co
*U&OJO OAOqi aqSjet ls,L c - 0C Eg
a N W °
*aLe uaooALeq eoouvls O t- *O Co CO Co 0
lo -4 to-iAl'[ Jo pug el P xaJur6lt' c co
.CpoqpuuapwaHJ- _
OF OFh
u, tod jo um|jjj CD ° X z 3 I t
0- C+ 4 *0 of * 4
i@oqtung
[February,
z0
0
;L4
C
vz
U
Cl)
0
COHz
yO
Mearns on Mammals from Arizona.
*8joi0OUI jo dil ol elXpuoo I0 tl C 0 TotUOJJ p91fl9eiu 'GTqlpuut JOlueTI 2UG J > ___
@0 t- '0 00 c- -1-901A03l JulOul .iA&o JO ql2UQrIj ';'
soepes .iulotu ioddn lo rliuerj 0C 00
0G'UX~o v* *9l8111q eSuo l' }o0u Suodd e
*s~~~~~Ouoqiut.oo~ej
Ui' O~t o o O co O co
iwnecog jo lutod juoqjpjAu'}oju c co eq a*rdlIu[%I%Ud '0 01 0 O 0 1¢
json_-q unuftut uem1oj0moLf 000°0 °*gpx1ngAvpoi_'po 0&I
O} }UO1JJUT 'ULO0U1 Jo euu8qWOLg ~° °_°_°
*q}puezq OITuUIOSSZ
szosjoul joi.opxoq 10 RO. O.oolpasod olwnusuemusuojoj moia
Tqufl2suWoRL t_ - a to
pi.4
10
,000
0
t-
@3e6a*O..
to~~ *~0..000 0
*9aqtunK
m
@300o.f=I..
0
No. 4.] 293
'4'
to
Cl)
0
'4
U)
¢
z
I'll
I 890.]
294 Bulletin Amzerican Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
with their mother, are extremely interesting. The color patternis very sharply defined. They differ from adults in having thefore part of the back and sides broccoli brown, sparingly linedwith black, while the back part of the dorsal surface-a diamond-shaped area-is very dark gray-brown, producing a striking con-trast with the front part of the dorsal region, which is not appar-ent in adults.Remarks.-This species differs from specimens of D. ordi, from
near the typical locality, in being much more slender, with rela-tively longer tail, and much darker colors. The skull is verymuch lighter, and smaller, as shown by the accompanying tableof measurements.
Lepus alleni,* sp. nov.
(ALLEN'S HARE.)Type, No. 24I2, 8 ad., from Rillito Station, on the Southern
Pacific Railroad, Arizona, May 8, i885. Collected by Dr. E. A.Mearns.
Descrifption of Type.-Size large, much exceeding -Lepus calo-tis or Lepus texianus; ears very large, nearly naked, except onedges. Color above yellowish brown, strongly mixed with black,this color extending from the nape to the rump, but not reachingthe tail; hairs of nape plumbeous, tipped with fulvous; base ofears white; sides, including outer side of limbs, hips and rump,white, with fine black points to some of the hairs, which gives ageneral light gray to these parts; chin, throat and under surfacein the median line, pure white, as are the inner sides of the forelegs above, the inner sides of the hind limbs throughout, andthe upper surface of the feet; sides of neck whitish abovebreast bright fulvous, this color extending backward upon thelower part of the neck and blending with that of the back; entirehead with a whitish cast, more or less mixed with black andsuffused with fulvous; orbital ring white; lashes black ; whiskerschiefly black, instead of white as in Lepus cal/otis (?) and Lepustexianus. The ears, except the long fringes on their edges andtips, which are white, are nearly naked, being sparsely coveredwith short, whitish or pale fulvous down, with a few blackish*Named in honor of Dr. Joel Asaph Allen, Curator of the department of Mammals and
Birds, American Museum of Natural History.[February,
Mearns on Mammalsfrom Arizona.
hairs near the tip. Tail lined above with plumbeous-black, whichcolor extends forward upon the rump; residue gray. The densecoating upon the under side of the feet is brown, strongly con-trasting with their white upper surface.
Salient features in the general aspect of this Hare are its whit-ish sides, fulvous gular patch, and enormous, whitish ears.A specimen taken earlier in the season (No. 175, Y ad., Mearns
Collection, from Picacho Station, on the Southern Pacific Rail-road, Arizona, April 2, I885) still retains the winter pelage above,which is much longer than the summer coat, and more variegatedwith black and fulvous. There remain a few long hairs of thewinter coat upon the sides, whose broad fulvous tips indicatethat the fulvous extends farther down in winter.
Cranial Characters.-The skull and dentition of this speciesare remarkably heavy, as compared with Lepus texianus, as is wellshown in the accompanying table of measurements. The supra-orbital process of the frontal bone is less arched, probably neverforming the highest point of the skull, as is frequently the casein Le.pus texianus, in which, however, the highest point is oftenat the middle line of the frontal bone opposite to the posteriorsupraorbital foramen. The nasal bones, premaxillaries, malars,and in fact the entire skull, has a heavy, massive appearance, con-trasting in this respect with the more fragile skull of L. texianus.Remarks.-This large and remarkably handsome Hare is a
characteristic species of the extensive desert lying between Phoenixand Benson, Arizona, in which remarkable region it is veryabundant. It was associated with the Lepus texianus, both specieshaving been often seen at once, their different gaits, when run-ning, at once distinguishing them. They were found togetherover a large area, each manifesting its specific characters typically,and neither showing any approach whatever to the other.
Allen's Hare appears to be a very distinct species. Two otherJackass Hares are known to inhabit Arizona. Lepus californicusranges eastward through California to the Colorado River, andhas been ascertained to inhabit sparingly the western border ofArizona, where I have myself seen what I supposed to be thatspecies, on the Colorado River, near Fort Mojave. It requiresno comparison with Lepus alleni.I890.]
No. 4.] 295
296 Bulletin Amnerican AMuseum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
The common Jackass Hare of Arizona, abundant almnostthroughout the Territory, is the Lepus texianus of Waterhouse. Inthis species the nape and base of the ear are never black, as theseparts are in the Mexican Hare (Lepus callots Wagler). It differsconsiderably from the Jackass Hares of northwestern Texas,Indian Territory and Kansas,* and is widely different from thedescriptions of Wagler's L. callotis, of Wagner's three " varieties"of callotis, and in fact from all of the forms described fromMexico, lately synonymized with L. callotis Wagler.There is.no conclusive evidence that the Mexican Hare (Lepus
calotis Wagler) has ever been found in California or Arizona.There is an old specimen of Verreaux's in the American Museum,labeled "Lepus calotis, Waterh., Californie," which agrees inevery detail with the early desc.riptions of Lepus callotis. Water-house had before him the type specimen of Bennett's L. nigri-caudatus, said to have come " from that part of California whichadjoins to Mexico," and he states that L. callotis " inhabits Mexi-co and the adjoining part of California ;" but, as remarked by Dr.Allen, these specimens "doubtless came from Western Mexico."tComparing Lepus alleni with this specimen, assumed to be fromWestern Mexico, the two appear to be wholly distinct. Verreaux'sspecimen (No. 5562, Verreaux Collection, No. 798 AmericanMuseum Collection) has the ear measuring but I 15 mm. in lengthfrom the notch by 75 mm. in width, and the hind foot only 123 mm.in length, while L. alleni has an ear measuring 156 mm. in lengthfrom the notch and 95 mm in width, and a hind foot 138 mm. inlength. The coloration is likewise very different, when due allow-ance has been made for the fading of the Verreaux specimen. Inthis comparison, Lepus texianus, also, appears as a very distinctspecies from L. callotis, from Mexico, whatever may be its rela-tionship to the Hares of the United States east of the RockyMountains.Lepus callotis exhibits considerable variation in color, even in
specimens from south of the United States. The Tehuantepec
*The Jackass Hare of this region is usually termed Le#us texianus or Lefius caliotis texi-anus, and, while it is the L. texianus of Audubon and Bachman, it is not the L. texianus ofWaterhouse, as will be shown later.tBaird says (Mam. N. Amer., I85pP. 591 "not a single one of the species assigned by him
[Bennett] to ' California, adjoining Mexico, has been found in that State. The probabilitiesare that they came from the Southern part of Sonora, west of the Sierra Madre."
[February,
No. 4.] Mearns on Mammals from Arizona.
specimens described by Dr. Allen, and Wagner's "var. flavigu-laris," approach L. alleni most closely, but present importantpoints of difference, particularly the black color of the nape andbase of ears, and are very much smaller, as shown by the measure-ments, more especially those of the skulls.
Lepus melanotis, sp. nov.(EASTERN JACKASS HARE.)
In identifying the Arizona Hare (Lepus texianus Waterhouse)I compared it with the form of Lepus callotis found east of theRocky Mountains, which Dr. Allen has designated as a northernrace, undt the name of lepus callois texianus, not having in hishands the material necessary to show the true status of the GreatBasin form-texianus. Finding that the two animals were at leastsubspecifically distinct, I turned to the original description of Lepustexianus, where the Arizona Hare is unmistakably described,Waterhouse's excellent description being based on a single speci-men "in the collection of the Zoological Society, of which thehistory is not known," and consequently from an unknown local-ity. He states that Mr. J. W. Audubon recognized it as a specieswith which he was well acquainted, and informed him that it in-habited Texas, and would shortly be published in the great workon the North American Quadrupeds, having been named Lepustexianus. Accordingly, Waterhouse adopted the MS. name ofAudubon and Bachman; but those authors subsequently describeda different Hare, from TIexas, under the name of Lepus texianus.This leaves the northern animal, inhabiting the region east of theRocky Mountains without a name, Audubon and Bachman's L.texianus being preoccupied, and also unfortunately gives to theArizona and Great Basin form a name geographically inappro-priate. It has been treated by the various writers on mam-malogy under but two names (Lepus ca//otis, and L. texianus orL. cal/otis texianus), both of which were preoccupied. ProfessorBaird (Mammals of North America, I857, P. 590; United Statesand Mexican Boundary Survey, II, ii, I859, P. 45) united all theHares of the callotis type under Lepus cal/otis; while Dr. Allendiscriminated between the northern and southern forms, namingthe former Lepus cal/otis texianus, unfortunately applying Water-I 890.]
297
2-98 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. 11,
house's name, which pertains exclusively to the form west of theRocky Mountains, which his scanty material did not then warranthim in separating from the eastern form. All other synonymsfor the Hares of the callotis group are based on specimens fromMexico.
Description.-Type, No. 2422 3 ad., from Independence,Kansas,* January 27, i890. Collected by Dr. Edgar A. Mearns.
Color above brownish fulvous, much mixed with black, the ful-vous extending down upon shoulders and outer side of fore legs;breast much brighter, more ochraceous fulvous; haunches andouter side of hind limbs abruptly white, pointed with black;inner side of limbs white; a tuft of long, fulvous hair on sidesof abdomen, in front of thighs ; below pure white; ears havingthe very long fringe on their anterior edge ochraceous, theshorter fringe on posterior edge white, their concave surface witha long, dusky patch adjoining the white fringe of the posterioredge, in which the hairs are black, tipped with fulvous; anteriorhalf of convex surface of ear ochraceous, varied with black, itsposterior half being white, except the apical portion, where it isjet' black for the distance of 30 mm.; nape and base of earswhite, with a mesial stripe of fulvous ; upper surface of tail black,that color extending forward on the rump to opposite the aceta-bulum.On comparing the type, above described, with other speci-
mens in the American Museum Collection, from Kansas, westernTexas and Indian Territory, I can find no appreciable differ-ence, save in the very slightly paler colors of the westernexamples.
This Hare differs from Le5pus texianus in just about the same par-ticulars that the two forms of lepus sylvaticus, from correspondinglocalities, differ from each other. That is to say, in the Arizonaanimals the ears are much larger, the colors paler and moreashy; wlhile, conversely, those from east of the Rocky Mountainshave a richer coloring, and small ears. In L. melanotis the gularpatch is bright fulvous, while in texianus this part is pale brownish
*This is a market specimen, invoiced with several hundred pairs from the above locality, mostof which I examined, and which I am informed were doubtless killed on the northern border ofIndian Territory. They command a ready sale, in the New York markets, at $x.50 per pair.
[February,
No. 4.] Mearns on Mammals from Arizona. 2
yellow, the same color staining the haunches, inner side of limbs,and sometimes the abdomen, which parts are white in melanotis.The ears are more ochraceous in melanotis than in texianus. Theaccompanying table of comparative measurements shows the rela-tive dimensions of these two, and of L. al/eni, the measurementsof their skulls being presented in another table.
Remarks.-In naming the eastern Jackass Hare, a perplexingquestion arises as to its relationship with Lepus cal/otis and L.texianus. Dr. Allen has shown that at least two of these Haresprobably intergrade, but it is quite improbable that the aggregatematerial hitherto accumulated in our museums is sufficient to
show the true relationship of the three forms in question ; and,as I have no intergrades, all of my specimens being typical of oneor the other forms, I am unable to surmise in which direction itsclosest affinity lies, and therefore accord it, for the present,specific rank.We have, excluding the California species, four Jackass Hares
in the region lying between the Mississippi River and California,belonging to what we may designate as the cal/otis type-specieswhich do not change to white in winter, and have the upper sur-face of the tail black. There is a northern and a southern formeast of the Rocky Mountains, and a northern and a southernspecies west of that range. The northern species west of theRocky Mountains, and the northern form east of them, resembleeach other most closely in general appearance; while the twosouthern species, likewise, have many features in common. Thetwo northern forms, and also the southern, are separated fromeach other by a lofty range of mountains, which is quite an effec-tual barrier to these inhabitants of the plains, and which is recog-nized as one of the sharpest lines of division between faunal pro-vinces of which we have any knowledge. Therefore, notwith-standing the close resemblance between Lepus texianus and L.melanotis, 1 must hesitate to unite them as races of a singlespecies until the narrow gulf which separates them is bridged byintermediate specimens. It sometimes occurs that the line ofdivision is most inflexible between very closely-allied species, as,to cite an ornithological instance, in the case of the species of theI 890.]
299
300 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
genus Empidonax; and so it may be with these two Hares, whosepoints of difference are mainly anatomical, they belonging to avery homogenous genus, in which there is a tendency to specialgroup marks, such as the pronounced gular patch, found in Lepustimidus and various old world Hares, as well as those of the presentgroup; indeed, I can well imagine that an example of L. camifpes-tris, deprived of its white tail, and in summer coat, could be mis-taken for one of this group, if color were made the basis ofcomparison, and anatomical peculiarities not brought into requisi-tion. Moreover, if this Hare does intergrade with L. texianus thetransition must take place over a very limited area, as the Ameri-can Museum contains specimens of either, from points as neartogether as Deming, in south-central New Mexico, and the north-western corner of Texas, where three States and Territoriesmeet.
In view of the evidence adduced by Dr. Allen, it would seemquite natural to unite this with Lepus callotis, assuming that itmerged into that species near the Mexican border; but I amenjoined to caution in this direction, by the proof of the positivedistinctness of the two corresponding species, on the oppositeside of the Rocky Mountains.Although it is highly probable that two or more of the forms
under discussion will be united as races of a common species, Ishould not be greatly surprised to see all of them holding therank of specific distinctness in the classification of the future. Itseems to be a case where judgment may be properly suspendedto await the evidence of new material and new facts.
Synopsis of Four Species ofJackass Hares.Largest. Color above, brownish fulvous back to the sacrum; whole of sides,
sides of rump, and outer surface of limbs, white, lined with black; innerside of hind limbs, posterior edge of fore limbs, and median line below,pure white; back of neck, in summer, pale plumbeous; base of ears white;under surface of feet and gular patch, bright fulvous; general color ofhead, pale yellowish gray; ears enormous, nearly bare, whitish, with whitefringes; whiskers black. Total length, 643; caudal vertebrae, 69; earfrom crown, I95 ; ear from notch, I56 ; hind foot, 138. Skull, II3 x 50;mandible, 83 .......................... ................Lepus alleni.
Smallest. Color above, pale yellowish gray, varied with black and fulvous;lower half of the sides of the body, limbs, and rump, white, lined withblack; below white, or tinged with fulvous; back of neck, and base of ear
[February,
NO. 4.] Mearns on Mammals from Arizona. 30I
externally, black in summer; little or no black at apex of ears, which areyellowish or whitish; whiskers usually black. Ear from crown,* I38 ; earfrom notch,t II5 ; hind foot,t I23. Skull, 99 x 46; mandible, 70.
Lepus callotis.
Size large. Color above, pale grayish fulvous, much mixed with black; breastand shoulders pale yellowish brown; throat, edge of abdomen, sides ofrump, thighs, inner side of limbs, and often the abdomen, washed withfulvous; long fringe on anterior edge of ear, nearly white; general colorof head, grayish; whiskers white. Total length, 640; caudal vertebrae,io6; ear from crown, I71; ear from notch, 141; hind foot, I45. Skull,94 x 43; mandible, 71 ............... . Lepus texianus.
Size medium. Color above, bright fulvous, not grayish or ashy, much mixedwith black; breast and shoulders, deep fulvous; below, and on innersurface of limbs, clearer white; sides of rump and thighs white, lined withblack, but without fulvous staining; long fringe on anterior edge of ear,bright fulvous; general color of head, brownish yellow; whiskers white.Total length, 590; caudal vertebrae, 77 ; ear from crown, 142; ear fromnotch, iii; hind foot, I30. Skull, 97 x 45; mandible, 74.
Lepus melanotis.
*Average of four nominal species from Mexico; taken from Waterhouse's Nat. Hist. Mam.11, I848, p. I40-tTaken from the Verreaux specimen, above noticed.
COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF SKULLS OF Lepus.
,& XNumber of specimNumber of specimens............ 2.......................... . 2. 16..
Basilar length (from posterior incisors to foramen magnum)......86.0 74.0 72.8Total length............... ..........99.8 112.5 97.0 t3.9Greatest breadth.............. ........46.0 49.8 45.0 43.2Distance between orbits....................23.4 36.0 27.0 26.6Nasal bones, length......................43.9 47.7 42.5 39.5Nasal bones, width behind.21.8 24.5 20.0 19.2Nasal bones, width before ........................... 20.8 17.5 14.0 14.4Upper incisors, from front to molars........................ 80.5 85.0 81.0 28.9Upper incisors, from front to hinder margin of palate.... 42.7 44.5 40.8 37.6Upper incisors, height ...................................... 9.9 12.9 11.5 10.2Upper Incisors, width between external edges......:.:: 8.8 9.3 9.0 8.8Upper molars, length taken together .................. 17.0 19.2 16.9 16.4lTpper molars, distance between.13.7 14.4 12.2 12.2Lower jaw, length.70.4 83.2 78.5 70.7Lower jaw, height.................... 48.0 50.8 45.2 42.9
I890.]
302 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
0010~~~~~~~~~~~~k~1
B&UAGJO JU 0U10U114GUL O.I0A eo'44ct 10 10444 S eqo~
8M.0loJ pugPUG 01-aGuUqGm if00f-0-O.
-___UJOpugo q1&ua |
000 00 ...10O00a0 0 OCDesnusut jo &wp1oifeauo'J CO --. m C
*gMN[G JOpUG01 1flUGI '2UUm0, s t>'a: g t a
9A~Uj0 * lopue01 U0UUJGGA 0 U1O co000 -%0U° o 0 10 0I
0______________________ -~~~~~0o mo t 91 e 1A-1B0 JO PUG 01 Ulndisjo890MOmx :O 00 * *0*CC>0k0 .0l) O0eD*00a
'saiijoStA pua ol ulndsas jo s880o |8°>O
-oidploaBwoo icoijpatitsuoa sqj2ug o2 g? qC,w 3S
0 ,0)00 O~~~~~~~000 10< 10A0c0 :0~,q ual puiq paplaijolno jo pua v-* : 0 =° ° n°>-r"° W
o oo0| ° 0 c 0 °" >008 080=~0~0~omg o016
'ndidndj ol
GCC tCU0CU10 0
9G~CGUG&1GqG0UW~Q r0hv- '00 t t 'G'- t
oIo 00000C0C0e0k0 k 109JNL40 010 __IA -. O- % CO- . 0
*Pa}°Eosoqs %X[@HSCm co co: °°
H GNJ1BqGJG0 pua 01100.1 WuoJs 3o o -° - - =° -*° o
-OqUl oa asonu o.i pGaIIsUW 'Lpoq pUB PUGH 4 '<'2t -£^
100000 0 *0I' 0 0
41XUGI1U101L | 0°0~1-c coo>c a °,u, °.pUk 8S aoosc00 0 0
. _AX _4_4X_4O co - ac ,,0 C t
40 - - 0 t
- i-uoj oAq I-oaq''W19Hn oe
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 CO C) 10 0 QM-0<_ C>;
_N N.N Q
C
< d. ttCXC
U 0AO C)b
oaqJAJOPO0 OJtoa L38 = " 0i 0
.t +0n O00 O0to00+0 'U>0=c
.-~k0u9I[eUCr
sCto 0CU0' nc0
[Februry,
*"0
'1-4
'44
0
z
En
[¢
¢l
¢x
p4
v
Mearns on Mammals from Arizona.1
303
I 00~~~~~~~o-4 0 10--S*LVB JO pUg01Ri@ ueAl} :I| |
B01~~~~~-II0 101010...I:8|I::tXIi
. 8nEBIO Jo pug9%2ol orequ U1 t|at|XXO|
II~ *~0.01
a *s^s19 opueo~°1 '~'lla ____|§$ |aDs a3-__
ioluliqoozl~ ~ *10 01im m 'q u co__ _18suumuIjoAwioIs~eguo' 10V41.100 0
--I000 k-_.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~01M *8Lv10 111puLo°lquo l wo^v | C-, -o|-|,c-SVI JO pug 1Tl UGv'8flUWJul
-__
o Ms I-o,- I JRI~o_m *&sjojopue ol uinduo8 jo weoooid 0oPToo9ioo moij plE@IlouI s:tS I :239r1 :M8I*°I
o qUqI pulq plaqoDa94s1nO Jfo pu21 g|*l|EtS|*6|*tt<s0 |-|____ 000.0J PSAUhUG~U 'iij2ued -l Si -I -101e
qtjpu. peqoe.1 u jo pluaD |*_ ___-azI*3z *e
Z *xvejodii ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- I-v
14 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-V-- v__~1
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0w*.1.1.1888>'ldnd joealuOoj SIw_ _ ___ __8
. *tlIP6Sh §°O100100°000 ;s t
<~~~~~~ 40__________OoH *
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s coo sS
|eLe uee&jeq:oui1 :: : o
00~0_~~~VW I"
"q;nOU eAoqu lqZIe9HI-4 V ,4 -I
'U,WOLO QA0qj ITISIGH t_
__ __jopu __oo _oi _D_: 0-1010_G_
wuajqosj jo Sllfj,oeqnl 1101 osou luoojj peoinneou 'Lpoq pug P'BH] I Z.010!01 0 ~ 10
~~~~~~~; g . .0.
a..0
Co_40 V- N
I890.]
No. 4.1
'1.4
1.44
z
'4
'4
.44
304 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,~~~~~-avbnslaq Io%jc% Lcq kQb§a- taZ-OcO v- b; =v cm et. t v_c o:, | mm sseiin.nuisXinsd 10 00 'OO L O0 0 i ooQo|Am 0 oailul Jpo q%2u6 l q04,oS c4 010 vow 5<tcl o 01 V° IN r4 "tc >§** OD>-aoJb@qqU AJ0 }2X OZeXners coS>4c I H t
091UfO21U10J "g oo oooooo oxaoco1a c010MC COS; Z
1a.q0pu0ouJ04H I n 04 C404 -19C1 09 I'C A 10eC 0 AO M Cs
o 0400MO00001010001 ZO00101000100S 0eIqjpuwmjoIjH 40 o o-ooooo oI)ID u A .co
alesom0-0^-Csa-o 0-OC 0O0-oo,nQ,:o,ooaoogo NZ'9qjpuqcSS jo1,rjI (:.OO0~ 0 0 I47 r.
x20t01110LOJO1 o.o.a 10 o C°oo >°lc~AoX°8S°eo0~)01I015 C210 0
u2sm~~~~~~~~~~~~~"MUs0,0}oa gito to co -koo- k-ccoo c o ooto oo to do 0 zX
8101Jul0lalCOCO00sOgCtg>g-gb000>g-4> =0o00C01 M o..glasowimbsnom _R _~C!C!11:~RRIOVC_ ... ..__. ARx[Ip-oj10 .1~Ivevai 'OO00 k'.0,.O COOOm-t"C-o-a -c-c=4-'R; lo9L-00c0'COO 004
;Uiati1d jo m*1lo1'naIoo IowutLd11u1u0u)eroa Ws t cq co t°X t°X@EB cotEt ° co° o= __ t*tQ
all0dpou 0 000000'0oaoso10)00o 00..tCO c- -M+(lao)6lslomladl°.~~~C =q3,:.>::5==O tOoasocowo1k WsP
+-selmladn10o>X.coo.-- o.Xoco Itcto a agUanu2naaqauglstff c2C H coeq_ %o,o4 CIO" ?? ODO I" vCi0:IV **I E
addnJosjs qjpjAaal "OFe ax Obu oeIOss(_-[djou[ _ _ __
iodn'oq2U'j-- - -- -- - -- - r4 _I -4" " .1 0)
+992pa aaxlxo 'laq C!c11..)4Oqo 9I,?Iu R *tAooooR C~0 'dNocu 1O EI- xQ
ns 8a lour Ipl dn __0 M 00_4o 0 b 0 > 0 0 IO _s
4ssoslou1omJdda N o oT .ou9@vA-djo lBm -sod IQ Ro°° °_Io.
'q9......0°1 'siosl?luljdda "I vOD VI 1 v co M co co co co ctXto
xeloul 0.4000010CC00000R 101 0 0
UaO.I 810.10slut *da cIX* X NCO CQ OD V M aqoN CZ V CZ OZ CO V M CO CO 01_r- 1
IIP&soe0ptisdI001 0100000bn000- 00-0000 010t00-0-OI01--o
'souooq ileipA it:9f i :teot c U'9 I~"R R R" xl R -11 " *
=- M
*D4q4%pq 1°.CO c- °-001000040001004000 - 0°°04o010 Os 1 e'9J9IUIJGddflBKI 0400 0C°0100.-0°,04 00000:X4'-40 04000 ; 001 '.1C °
'sauoq lia -_ --I- - 0
uaaslaq aouelsza ~110(st Ct cz A9 CiR R R>0cq C°> R P 11 zt> 19OX CI1Xco M 1* oI_ CO". cocoooooo ocvao o xcon
~~uI~~1dJoAULU4od~~~~~~ ~~.0 R~~~RRP0~C4i cc!0 01Q01010 co~ .0
'IOUIOq1oJ 0A 00000 000001 g'c-o
n.sJoJ9q0~fl4~~ 910E 0aWco00O0000 co00100. 0aoaaqeauo Is c O_ ONCS4 N N N VoC - tOCI oC .q tue10)~ 001000M0000110It100010100R 4
sflqJoJo1o_oo0coOc0Mco0o0co 0co000 ocoo .c*4qlpB@lq lsalsalo 0, 59 04BSU>tsBX6 sB°tCR C04 *~o44CQ40 o
uqoouwI oo roaooooouo e<oo_ I00g
ILf0I1+q eI -H 01o00000>c0es000-000 _a o~a * * 0
.<e-H-tef~07ie- -e~aw!...
6oaS k-oteKOooFoFo10OoOF o1ooo co°0° .b
M " 1040000004--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~14= 0
C>222GodW*8202sAl 1< > S
v)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)~
0)00 0 )*00 ))0 0 ~o 0-p~ ~ ~1 4 to
CC
co - [FebruaryM MCOM r4- C C OD
o~c
____________~ ~ .4~400~4 0 [February,
iI
:4191133
4
aIII
3
I
n0
Cl)¢x~
RDD
Is:3D:1L):1
4L)4
N.Mearns on Mammals from Arizona.
. Cynomys arizonensis, sp. nov.
Types, No. 2509, 9 ad., April 4, 1885, from Point of Mountain,near Wilcox, Southern Arizona; No. 2I85, 8 ad., May 3, i885,from Dragoon Summit, Southern Arizona. Collected by Dr.Edgar A. Mearns.
Description of Types.-No. 2509, taken on the gth of April, isstill in winter pelage. Color above, nearly uniform sandy buff,with a few scattered black hairs which are only apparent on closescrutiny; this color extends to the limbs, tail, and inguinal region,being palest on the sides and inner surface of the limbs. Thehairs have whitish points, which, however, do not give it the muchgrizzled appearance of Cynomys ludovicianus or C. columbianus.At a little distance, it appears to be uniformly yellowish. Thecolor below is nearly pure white, a few yellow hairs extendingforward from the inguinal region to the abdomen. The chin,throat and upper lips are white. Tail with a narrow sub-terminalband of snuff-brown. Whiskers and claws, black, the latter tippedwith horn-color.
No. 2I85, taken May 3d, is in fresh summer coat, except posteri-orly, where the winter hair is still retained, and is more ochra-ceous than in the preceding example. The new hair is light cin-namon color nearly to the base, there being little or no under fur.The summer coat is mixed with black hairs, and has the othersbarely pointed with whitish. In other respects it agrees with thefirst specimen, except that the latter, which is in winter coat, hasan under fur of buffy white, plumbeous-black at base.
Cranial and Dental Characters.-The skull is longer and nar-rower than in the other species of the genus, and is remarkablefor its heavy ossification, the large size of the grinding teeth, andthe greater divergence of the upper rows, compared with otherspecies of Cynomys, as shown in the accompanying table of com-parative measurements.
Remarks.-This "Prairie Dog" is abundant, living in largecolonies on the edges of the southern deserts of Arizona, extend-ing its range up to the foot-hills of the lower mesas, being replacedat higher levels by another species. It appears to be somewhatI 890.]
No. 4.] 305
306 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. II,
larger than Cynomys ludovicianus, and much larger than C. colum-bianus. Its tail is a trifle longer than in the eastern species, andnearly twice the length of that of Colorado specimens of C.columbianus.*
Synopsis of the Species of CYNOMYS.Size medium. In summer, reddish clay color above, mixed with black hairs,
and much grizzled; forehead sometimes a little dusky; below vinaceous-buff; tail broadly tipped with black. In winter, pale vinaceous-buff,grizzled, and mixed with black hairs; below varying from pale buff to
ochraceous; forehead often thickly sprinkled with black hairs. Dimen-sionst: head and body, I97-336 (average, 285); tail to end of vertebrae,5I-102 (average, 76); fore foot, 37-54 (average, 43); hind foot, 50-62(average, 56)....... . Cynom)'s ludovicianus.
Size largest. In summer, vinaceous-cinnamon above, with but few black hairs,and grizzling obsolete; below whitish; tail with a narrow subterminal barof broccoli brown. Zn winter, pale sandy buff, with few black hairs, andno black on forehead; below white, in places tinged with buff. Dimen-sions t: head and body, 276-3Io (average, 292); tail to end of vertebrae,76-92 (average, 84); fore foot, 44-49 (average, 46); hind foot, 58-64(average, 6i) ........ . ..... . Cynomys arizonensis.
Size smallest. In summer, tawney fulvous above, grizzled, much mixed withblack hairs; forehead blackish, especially above the eyes; tail without ter-minal black, but often with many blackish hairs above and a narrow sub-terminal bar. In winter, pale buff above, mixed. with black hairs, whichaggregate to form blackish patches over the eyes; below varying from paleyellow to fulvous. It appears less grizzled than C. ludovicianus, becauseit lacks the strong vinaceous tint. Dimensions §: head and body, 270-295(average, 29I); tail to end of vertebrae, 63-80 (average, 69); fore foot,38-46 (average, 43); hind foot, 55-62 (average, 6o). Cynomys columbianus.
* It is worthy of remark, in this connection, that the form of Cynomys inhabiting the higherportions of Arizona differs notably from Cynomys columbianus further north. Its general sizeis much greater in Arizona specimens, the coloration darker in summer, and the tail relativelymuch longer, and often blackish above for its entire length. The subterminal bar results frombroad black annulation of the hairs, the dark rings increasing in extent from the base of the tailto its extremity. The average length of head and body, in eighteen specimens from the moun-tain parks of Colorado, measured in the flesh by Dr. J. A. Allen, is 253 mm., whereas elevenfresh specimens from the Mogollon and San Francisco Mountains of Arizona, measured by my-self, average 291 mm. The tail to end of vertebrm averages but 48.5 mm. in Dr. Allen's series,in mine 69 mm.; hind foot, 55 mm. in his. against 6b mm. in mine. The adult skulls in my col-lection from Anizona are also considerably larger than those measured by Dr. Allen. Thisanimal is abundant in the m6sas and open parks of Arizona, often living in the pine forests, andsometimes in cliffs, climbing over the rocks like the large Spermophile of this region.
t Average of thirty-one specimens; measurements all taken by collectors in the field fromfresh specimens. From Dr. Allen's Monographs of North American Rodentia, I877, p. 898.
t Average of seven specimens; measurements all taken by myself in the field from specimensin the fles .
Average of eleven specimens; measurements all taken by myself in the field from specimensin the fleah.
[February,
No. 4.] Mearns on Mammals from Arizona. 307
COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF SKULLS OF Cynomys.
.0
.0 516
0 0 ,- V V
Number of specimens............................. 19 15 2
Basilar length................... .................. .... 49.0 54.3Total length......... 63.0 58.8 66.0Greatest width........................ ......... ......... 45.3 42.3 45.5Distance between orbits ........................................ ........ 15.0 18.6 14.0Distance between tips of postorbital proceeses......... 28.0 28.0 26.7Nasal bones, length......... 22.9 21.5 25.0
" width behind......... 6.3 5.6 5.8width before ............................................... 12.7 10.2 10.2
Upper incisors, from front to premolars......... 17.5 16.5 17.9" 0. from front to hinder margin of palate................ .... 35.6 32.5 36.5" width between external edges............................. 6.8 6.0 7.1
Length of upper molariform series ............................ ........... 16.8 14.7 16.3Distance between first upper premolars .............................. ... 10.5 11.1
64 last uppermolars.............................. ....... .... 5.0 4.8Greatest width across upper molars (outside, on crowns).................. 18.0 22.0Distance between squamoso.parietal sutures ................... .. 15.6 16.0Antero-posterior diameter of audital bulls ....................... ...... . 18.4 13.7Greatest width of zygoma.................................................... 4.1 5.0Lower jaw, length ....................................................... 41.1 38.2 44.0
" height........................................................ 22.9 21.6 25.0
* Taken from Dr. J. A. Allen's Monographs of North American Rodentia, i877, p. 899.t Taken, in part, from Allen, five specimens from Arizona having been included in the
average.
1890.]
