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Scirtothrips dorsalis(Chilli thrips)
Joe ChamberlinMatt CiomperlikAmanda Hodges
Jeff MichelCindy McKenzie
S. LudwigL.S. Osborne Cristi Palmer
C. RegelbruggeL. SchmaleD. Schuble
S. dorsalisSynonyms: Chilli, Castor, Berry, Assam and
Yellow Tea Thrips
Host Plants:Over 150 host plants including banana, beans,
chrysanthemum, citrus, corn, cotton, cocoa, eggplant, ficus, grape, grasses, holly, jasmine, kiwi, litchi, longan, mango, onion, peach, peanut, pepper, rose, soybean, strawberry, tea, tobacco, tomato, viburnum, etc.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCEMajor pest of:
• strawberries in Queensland, Australia• tea in Japan and Taiwan• citrus in Japan and Taiwan (Chiu et al. 1991, Tatara and
Furuhushi 1992, Tschuchiya et al 1995)• cotton in the Ivory Coast (Bournier 1999)• soybeans in Indonesia (Miyazaki et al.1984) • chillies and castor bean in India• peanuts in several states in India (Mound and Palmer 1981).• Ananthakrishnan (1984) also reports damage to the following
hosts: cashew, tea, chillies, cotton, tomato, mango, castor bean, tamarind, and grape.
• Rose in India
Is Scirtothrips dorsalis a Serious Economic Pest for the US?
• Assuming an overall U.S. crop yield loss from Chilli Thrips of 5 percent the total crop value loss would equal $3.0 billion (primary hosts $583 million and secondary hosts $2.43 billion).
• Assuming an overall U.S. crop yield loss from Chilli Thrips of 10 percent the total crop value loss would equal $5.98 billion (primary hosts $1.2 billion and secondary hosts $4.78 billion).
Identificationhttp://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/DOCUMENTS/identification%20aid.pdf
Chilli Thrips-Adult
Male and Female (larger)Chilli Thrips-Adults
Thrips-Adults
Chilli thrips
WesternFlower thrips
Western Flower Thrips Adult
Chilli Thrips-Adult(recently emerged)
Chilli Thrips-Adult
Chilli Thrips-Adults
Chilli Thrips(mixed stages)
1st instar
2nd instar
Egg Blister
Chilli Thrips-Adults
Egg Blister
Embryo Removed from Egg Blister
Egg Blister
Embryo
1st Instar Larva
Chilli Thrips1st Instar Larva
Egg to 2nd InstarF° Days60.8 17.268 12.077 7.686 5.8
Chilli Thrips2nd Instar Larva
F° Days60.8 12.468 8.177 6.486 4.4
Chilli ThripsPre-Pupa & Pupa
F° Days60.8 9.968 6.577 4.486 3.7
Pre-pupa
Pupa
DEVELOPMENT (DAYS)EGG TO EGG
40.21
26.11
18.1913.96
11.33
05
1015202530354045
61 68 77 86 95
T emperature °F
Days
Over Wintering of Pupae
Grapes• 64.4% in liter• 16.2% in branch zone• 12.5% in soil• 6.9% leaf zone
Okada & Kudo 1982
Scouting
Scouting
Scouting
Damage
HostsAcanthaceae Strobilanthes dyerianus Mast.Araliaceae Hedera helix L.Berberidaceae Mahonia bealeiCaprifoliaceae Viburnum suspensumCombretaceae
Conocarpus erectusLaguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f.
Compositae Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook. f.Ericaceae Rhododendron spp.Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communisIlliciaceae Illicium floridanum EllisMoraceae Ficus elastica
HostsOleaceae
Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. f.Rosaceae
Raphiolepsis indicaRhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Mak.Rosa sp.
Rubiaceae Gardenia jasminoidesRichardia brasiliensis Gomes
HostsRutaceae
Citrus sp.Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack
Solanaceae Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum frutescens L.Capsicum sp.
Hosts
Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea L.Araceae Philodendron sp.Araliaceae Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) MerrillBalsaminaceae Impatiens walleriana Hook. f.Compositae Coreopsis sp.Compositae Zinnia sp.Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia pulcherrima GrahamGentianaceae Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.Geraniaceae Pelargonium x hortorum BaileyHamamelidaceae Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliver
Labiatae Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.Salvia sp.
Leguminosae Phaseolus vulgaris L.Lythraceae Cuphea sp.Marantaceae Stromanthe sanguinea (Hook.) SonderOnagraceae Gaura lindheimeriRubiaceae Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) DeflersScrophulariaceae Antirrhinum majus L.Solanaceae Petunia sp.Verbenaceae
Duranta erectaGlandularia x hybrida (Grön. & Rüm.) Neson & Pruski
Hosts
Photos: L. Osborne, UF-IFAS
Damaged Flower Bud and Leaves
Mannion
Photos: L. Osborne, UF-IFAS
Comparison of damaged and normal leaf
Damaged new growth Normal new growth
Mannion
Chilli Thrips - rose
Ligustrum
Pittosporum
Ligustrum
Ligustrum
Chilli Thrips-pepper
Chilli Thrips-pepper
Chilli Thrips-Indian Hawthorn
Chilli Thrips-Schefflera
Chilli Thrips-Schefflera
Chilli Thrips- Schefflera
Chilli Thrips-strawberry
Sweet Viburnum
ManagementChemical
See Chilli Thrips Management: Osborne & Ludwighttp://www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/THRIPS/CHILLIWEB2/chilli-doc/CHILLI%20THRIPS%20Management.pdf
100% Reliance on Pesticides =
RESISTANCE
What Can Growers Do?1. Pay attention to information distributed by SAF,
the propagators, media, pesticide companies and/or University and ARS scientists.
2. Implement INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
IRM
ROTATEROTATE
Acephate Foliar N, G, L Acetamiprid Foliar N, G, L Clothianidin Foliar N, G, L Dinotefuran Foliar N, G, L Imidacloprid Foliar N, G, L Thiamethoxam Foliar N, G, L Spinosad Foliar N, G, L Abamectin Foliar N, G, L Flonicamid Foliar G Chlorfenapyr Foliar G Pyridalyl Foliar G N=Nursery
G=GreenhouseL=Landscape
Effective Products7 Different Modes of Action
Compounds in Yellow = the same MOA
Table based on data from:Ciomperlik
LudwigOsborne
Seal
RISK OF RESISTANCEMANAGEMENT
OPTIONLOW MEDIUM HIGH
Pesticide Rotation > 2 Modes 2 Modes 1 Mode
Use of Same Mode of Action
Once More than once
Many times
Infestation Level Low Medium High
Control in Last 3 Cycles
Good Declining Poor
IPM System All Tactics Pesticide and limited
others
Pesticide only
PLANIdentify All Pesticides Registered for the
Pest and CropDetermine Plant SafetyDetermine Labeled Frequency Determine Other Use RestrictionsOrganize Treatments (MOA…)Don’t Forget Other Pests!
ManagementBiological
Why Biological Control?• To help manage pesticide resistance in
populations of Western flower thrips.• Chilli Thrips was attacking basil, mint, and
peppers in organic production systems.• Thrips control impacted implementation of
IPM programs in many ornamental crop systems.
• Chemical control in the landscape isNOT SUSTAINABLE
Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) swirskiiFeeding on a Chilli thrips
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Mea
n #
of Im
mat
ures
/Pla
nt
day 7 day 14 day 21
ck oldck newA.s. oldA.s. new
Control of Chilli ThripsChilly Chili Pepper
N=205 plants/Unit4 Units/treatment
Study 1
Franklinothrips vespiformisAdult
Franklinothrips vespiformisNymph
ManagementCultural
????
Thank you!