Scientific thoughts and processes. “I can” statement I can use my senses to make observations...
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Scientific Inquiry Scientific thoughts and processes
Scientific thoughts and processes. “I can” statement I can use my senses to make observations about things in nature. I can identify and clarify biological
I can statement I can use my senses to make observations about
things in nature. I can identify and clarify biological research
questions and design experiments.
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Vocab Hypothesis- a possible explanation that can be tested by
experimentation and observation. In simpler terms a hypothesis is
an educated guess. Observation- The act of noting or perceiving
objects or events by using the senses. What we did with the objects
in the paper bag. Experiment- a procedure that is carried out under
controlled conditions to test a hypothesis.
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More vocab Theory- a system of ideas that explains many related
observations and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired
through scientific investigation. A highly tested generally
accepted principle that explains a vast number of observations and
experimental data. Law- are simple and obvious statements about a
phenomenon that never require a second guess, or an experiment, to
verify them. Example: What goes up must come down.
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Vocab Cont. Control Group- serves as a standard of comparison
because the group receives no experimental treatment. Experimental
Group- Experimental groups are identical to the control group
except for one factor, or variable. Independent Variable- the
single factor that scientists change in an experiment. Ex: your mom
or dad. Dependent Variable- the variable that may change due to the
changes in the independent variable.
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Practice If a scientist conducts an experiment to test the
theory that a vitamin could extend a persons life-expectancy, then
the independent variable is ____________________, and the dependent
variable is ______________________.
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Independent Variable - the amount of vitamin that is given to
the subjects within the experiment. Dependent Variable - or the
variable being affected by the independent variable in this case,
is life span
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More Practice. A scientist studies the impact of a drug on
cancer. What is the dependent variable? Independent variable?
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Independent variable - is the administration of the drug.
Dependent variable - is the impact the drug has on cancer.
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Practice Cont. A scientist studies the impact of withholding
affection on rats. Independent variable? Dependent variable?
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Independent Variable - is the affection. Dependent Variable -
is the reaction of the rats.
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More Practice. A scientist studies how many days people can eat
soup until they get sick. Independent variable? Dependent
variable?
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Independent Variable - is the number of days of consuming soup.
Dependent Variable - is the onset of illness.
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Bell Ringer What is a hypothesis? What is the difference
between a theory and a law? Explain the difference between an
independent and dependent variable.
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Learning Target I can interpret results and draw
conclusions.
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Graphing What goes on the X-axis and what goes on the Y-axis?
X- Axis: Independent Variable Y- Axis: Dependent Variable Example:
if you are looking at the growth of bacteria under various
temperatures, the X-axis would identify the temperatures, while the
Y-axis would provide you with the information on growth
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Y-Axis X-Axis
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What can we do with data? When scientist work with data, many
times they make predictions based on this data There are two ways
they do this Extrapolation Intrapolation
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Extrapolation Extending the graph. Along the same slope, above
or below the measured data Mathematically predicting a trend or
number outside the data set
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Intrapolation Predicting data between two measured points on
the graph Mathematically predicting a trend or number inside the
data set
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The bar graph at right represents the declared majors of
freshman enrolling at a university. If the enrollment doubles,
predict the number of freshman that will most likely take chemistry
If the enrollments is reduced by 1/2, how will this affect the
number of freshman taking poly sci?
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What is the CO2 concentration in 1975? What was the CO2
concentration in 1955?
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Bell Ringer Two students each design their own investigation to
determine whether resting or exercising beforehand allows a person
to squeeze a clothespin more times over a certain period of time.
Student A squeezes the clothespin as many times as he can as he is
sitting quietly for two minutes. In a second trial he runs in place
for two minutes and then squeezes the clothespin as many times as
possible. Student B uses the same procedure as student A. She also
asks that the other 25 students in her class carry out the same
procedure and she records their data. She then calculates the
average number of times that the clothespin had been squeezed
without exercise and with exercise before. a. State one reason why
student Bs investigation will give more reliable results than
student As. b. Student B states that exercising before the second
trial will always have the same effect on this type of muscular
activity. Explain why the statement made by student B could be
questioned.
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Learning Target I can revise a hypothesis and/or formulate
additional questions or explanations.
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M&Ms Lab Purpose: To closely predict the number of M&Ms
in a regular size bag based on data collected from a fun size bag
of M&MS Hypothesis: IF.. Then Procedure: How you made your
prediction what was your thinking Prediction: ______ Results Actual
Number in bag Conclusion: Can you use a set of known data to make
reasonable predictions? Explain your answer
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Red Red: If your fingers tend to gravitate toward the bright
red candies in the bowl, this implies that you're confident, bold,
and passionate. Red is probably the most popular M&M color
choice, but you don't care. If you want red, you'll take red. Let
the next person who comes by seeking candy settle for their second
favorite. You were there first, and you deserve the best.
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Blue Blue: People who prefer blue M&Ms are trendsetters.
You like being on the cutting edge of things. Many of the
traditionalists did not feel the need to add blue to the
preexisting M&M color choices, but you were all for it, because
you live for excitement and the unknown possibilities life has to
offer.
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Orange Orange: You don't play by any rules, do you? Orange
enthusiasts are wild, carefree, and march to the beat of their own
drum. You won't often meet someone who prefers orange, but when you
do, you better prepare yourself, because it's going to be
interesting!
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Yellow Yellow: What is wrong with you? Yellow M&Ms are not
only unnatural, but unattractive. Yellow is the least popular
M&M color. People who prefer yellow M&Ms tend to go against
the grain.
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Brown Brown: The traditionalist. Chocolate is naturally brown,
and therefore you reason that the brown M&Ms provide the most
naturally occurring color choice. You like things to be as they
should. A place for everything and everything in its place, is your
motto. You might have a tendency to towards a little
obsessive-compulsiveness, but that's okay. Not everyone has to be
cool.
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Green Green: People who like green M&Ms also love the
Earth. They love nature and being outside and are conscious about
making the Earth a better place. You guys are the worlds nature
lovers.
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Bell Ringer **FREE WRITE FRIDAY** Who or what inspires you? You
have 10 minutes to complete this assignment, your answer should be
detailed and developed.
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Learning Target I can safely use laboratory equipment and
techniques when conducting scientific investigations.
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2 types of microscopes Many organisms are to small to see with
the naked eye so we use a microscope to enlarge them. The light
microscope- light passes through one or more lenses to produce an
enlarged image of an object. The electron microscope- uses a beam
of electrons to magnify extremely small objects.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fToTFjwUc5M
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Light Microscope Electron Microscope
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Parts of a Microscope
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Magnification Objective lenses increase the resolution of an
object in powers of 10. 4x lense will magnify an object 40 times
the size of its original. 10x objective lense will magnify an
object 100 times its original size. 40x objective lense will
magnify an object 400 times its original size.
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Bell Ringer What are the 2 types of microscopes and how are
they different? Magnification 4x= 10x= 40x=
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The Sterile Technique This is a way that scientists keep
unwanted bacteria out of the lab to eliminate contamination. Tools
used in this technique are. An autoclave- to sterilize equipment
Sterilized dishes and pipets Latex gloves
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Lab Safety 1. Listen Carefully to your teacher and follow all
instructions. 2. Read/listen to your lab procedure carefully before
beginning the lab. 3. DO NOT take any shortcuts in your lab
procedure. 4. Always wear your safety goggles, and any other safety
equipment when working in the lab. 5. Measure chemicals precisely.
6. Never taste or smell any materials or chemicals that you use in
a lab unless your teacher instructs you to do so.
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Lab Safety Cont 7. Do not use any damaged or defective
equipment. 8. Keep your lab area clean and free from clutter. 9. 9.
Pay attention to where you are walking. 10. Do not wear loose
clothing. 11. If you have long hair make sure that it is pulled
back. 12. NO flip flops, only tennis shoes or rubber soled
shoes.
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Si Units SI Units- is the international system of units which
is used by all scientists because scientists need to share a common
measurement system.
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English Metric (or SI) Length Meter Mass Gram Volume liter
Fahrenheit Celsius
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Bell Ringer What is the mean of this group of data 10, 12, 25,
15 List 5 safety rules that should be practiced in laboratory. Why
is the sterile technique so important?
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Review In your book you will complete the end of the chapter
reviews in your notebook. They begin on page 9. Section 1 complete
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Section 2 complete 1, 2,3, 5 Section 3 complete
1, 2, 3, 5. THIS WILL BE TURNED IN AT THE END OF CLASS!