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The Scientific Revolution Aristotle – fixed planets Church Doctrine
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Scientific Revolution
Qualitative to a QuantitativeInductive to a Deductive
Deductive vs. Inductive• Deductive• An example of a deductive argument:1. All men are mortal.2. Aristotle is a man.3. Therefore, Aristotle is mortal.• Inductive• An example of a inductive argument:1. Almost all people are taller than 26 inches2. Gareth is a person3. Therefore, Gareth is almost certainly taller than 26 inches
The Scientific Revolution
• Aristotle – fixed planets• Church Doctrine
Scientific Revolution
• Epistemology – philosophy dealing with knowledge from senses – day/night – authority comes from scripture, church, and ancients
The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy
– Ptolemy:• Ancient Greece• Every thing
revolved around the Earth–Geocentric
Theory• Called the Ptolemy
Theory until the mid 1500’s
The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy
– Copernicus (Polish):• Said the earth revolved
around the sun.• Earth rotates on its own
axis.• Church made him recant• Called the Heliocentric
Theory - 1492
The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy
– Tycho Brahe (Danish):•Watched the
night sky• Built the first
observatory - 1577
The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy
– Kepler (German):• Brahe’s assistant• Calculated planet
orbits - elliptical• Predicted other
planets would be there• We still use his
calculations day
The Scientific RevolutionAstronomy
– Galileo (Catholic):• He built his own
telescope (Lippershay)• Excommunicated from
the Church-1633 – Roman Inquisition• Proved Kepler’s
calculations• 1992 – Church
admitted it was wrong
The Scientific Revolution
• Newton ties it all together– Isaac Newton (English)• Explains why the
planets move• Gravity• Mathematical
Principles of Natural Philosophy (Calculus)• 3 Laws
The Scientific Revolution• Bacon and Descartes• They both believed in use of
experiments and observations– Francis Bacon (English) -
Inductive• Ways the rulers could
get along with the ruled• Convinced the
monarch that science should be studied
The Scientific Revolution
• Bacon and Descartes– Rene Descartes
(French) - Deductive• Rational inductive
methods to science• “I think therefore I
am.”
The Scientific RevolutionChemistry
–Robert Boyle - (English)Boyles Gas Law: Temperature and Pressure are related. Air made up of many gases.
The Scientific RevolutionChemistry
• Priestley (English) – Existence of oxygen and carbon dioxide – carbonated drinks
The Scientific RevolutionChemistry
• Lavoisier (French) – Father of Chemistry
• Oxygen needed to burn
The Scientific RevolutionAnatomy
• Galen (Roman) – dissected pigs and apes
• Bloodletting
The Scientific RevolutionAnatomy
• Vesalius (French) (1514-1564) – he dissected human bodies. He proved that the liver did not process food and turn it into blood. Father of Human Anatomy
Anatomy
• Harvey (English) (1578-1657) – Blood is pumped throughout the body by the heart
Anatomy
• Hooke (English) – The body is made of cells. He used a microscope.