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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION OVERVIEW
WHAT’S SO GOOD ABOUT SCIENCE?
• LEADS TO DISCOVERY!!!!!
WHAT????
• NOPE
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
• SCIENTISTS BEGIN TO QUESTION ACCEPTED BELIEFS AND MAKE NEW
THEORIES BASED ON EXPERIMENTATION
• EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE, MATH, BIOLOGY, PHYSICS,
ANATOMY, AND CHEMISTRY
• BEGAN TOWARDS THE END OF THE RENAISSANCE
• NEW WAY OF VIEWING THE NATURAL WORLD—BASED ON
OBSERVATION AND INQUIRY
THE ROOTS OF MODERN SCIENCE
• THE MEDIEVAL VIEW
• MOST KNOWLEDGE CAME FROM BIBLE AND GREEK/ROMAN
SOURCES
• RELIED ON A FEW ANCIENT AUTHORITIES – ARISTOTLE
WHY THE CHANGE?
• RENAISSANCE HUMANISTS MASTERED GREEK AND LATIN
• GAVE THEM NEW ACCESS TO WORKS BY ARCHIMEDES AND PLATO
• SOME PEOPLE DISAGREED WITH ARISTOTLE
WHY THE CHANGE?
• PROBLEMS THAT REQUIRED OBSERVATION – SHIP BUILDING
• INVENTION OF NEW INSTRUMENTS
• PRINTING PRESS – SPREAD IDEAS
THE PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM
• PTOLEMY – GREATEST ASTRONOMER
• PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM – A.K.A. GEOCENTRIC
• GEOCENTRIC – EARTH-CENTERED, SUN, MOON, AND OTHER
PLANETS REVOLVE AROUND THE EARTH
• PLANETS MORE IN RELATION
A REVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE
• THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY• WIDELY ACCEPTED GEOCENTRIC THEORY CHALLENGED AS
INACCURATE
• NICOLAUS COPERNICUS DEVELOPS THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY—PLANETS REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN
• LATER SCIENTISTS MATHEMATICALLY PROVE COPERNICUS TO BE CORRECT
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS: HELIOCENTRIC
GALILEO’S DISCOVERIES
•GALILEO’S DISCOVERIES• ITALIAN SCIENTIST GALILEO GALILEI MAKES KEY ADVANCES IN
ASTRONOMY.
• HE MAKES DISCOVERY ABOUT PLANET SURFACES
• SUPPORTS HELIOCENTRIC THEORY
• 4 MOONS OF JUPITER
• SUN SPOTS
CONFLICT WITH THE CHURCH
• CHURCH ATTACKS GALILEO’S WORK, FEARS IT WILL WEAKEN
PEOPLE’S FAITH
• HUMANS NOT AT CENTER OF UNIVERSE – GOD NO LONGER IN
PLACE
• POPE FORCES GALILEO TO DECLARE HIS AND OTHER NEW
FINDINGS WRONG
CRISTIANO BANTI'S 1857 PAINTING GALILEO FACING THE ROMAN INQUISITION
NEWTON’S VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE
• DEFINED THREE LAWS OF MOTION
• UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITY – EVERY OBJECT IN THE UNIVERSE IS
ATTRACTED TO EVERY OTHER OBJECT BY A FORCE CALLED GRAVITY
• LAW COULD EXPLAIN ALL MOTION IN UNIVERSE
• UNIVERSE WAS A UNIFORM MACHINE
• F.Y.I. HE WAS A SMARTY PANTS
BREAKTHROUGHS IN MEDICINE AND CHEMISTRY
• ANDREAS VESALIUS AND WILLIAM HARVEY ADDED TO ANATOMY
• DISSECTED HUMAN BODIES – FOUND HEART WAS CENTER OF CIRCULATION
• DESCRIBED INDIVIDUAL ORGANS
• ROBERT BOYLE – FIRST TO CONDUCT CHEMISTRY
• BOYLE’S LAW – INTERACTION OF VOLUME, TEMPERATURE, AND GAS
PRESSURE
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• SCIENTIFIC METHOD – PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTING AND
ANALYZING EVIDENCE
• CREATED BY FRANCIS BACON – SHOULD LEARN BY INDUCTIVE
REASONING
• INDUCTIVE REASONING – GOING FROM PARTICULAR TO GENERAL;
KNOWLEDGE THROUGH OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENTATION
INSTRUMENTS
• SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
• SCIENTISTS DEVELOP
MICROSCOPE, BAROMETER,
AND THERMOMETER
• NEW INSTRUMENTS LEAD
TO BETTER OBSERVATIONS
AND NEW DISCOVERIES