Spring Exam Review TestReaction Rates

9) Not all collisions between molecules are successful. What factors determine the success of a collision?a. force and temperatureb. concentration and positionc. energy and shape d. energy and orientation

10) Which of the following factors changes the percentage of successful collisions?a) surface areab) concentrationc) temperature

11) Which of the following would most likely increase the speed of a chemical reaction?a) changing the shape of the container b) performing the experiment in the morningc) using a solid instead of a gasd) increasing the temperature

12) What factor accounts for the fact that powdered sugar dissolves more quickly than granulated sugar under the same conditions?a) temperatureb) state of matterc) concentrationd) surface area

13) A student uses a mortar and pestle to crush marble chips and places them into a test tube. A whole marble chip is placed into a second test tube, and acid is added to each test tube. The bubbling speed of the gas is recorded. This experiment is designed to study the effect of the a) a catalyst on reaction rateb) type of acid on reaction ratec) surface area of a chemical on reaction rated) temperature of a chemical on reaction rate

14) Molarity is a way to express a) concentrationb) temperaturec) timed) reaction rates

15) A very short lived structure formed at the energy peak of a reaction is called a(n)a) intermediateb) catalystc) activated complexd) elementary step

16) What is activation energy?a) energy required for a successful collisionb) energy released by a reactionc) energy required to stop the reactiond) energy released when a reaction is inhibited

17)

18)

19) In the 3 beakers below Alka Seltzer is reacting with water.

A B CWhat is the best explanation for the difference in the beakers?a) Beaker C has a smaller surface areab) Beaker B has the highest temperaturec) Beaker A has a larger tablet

20)

21) Look at the pictures below depicting a reaction between magnesium and the hydrogen in HCl.

A B

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reaction?a) A will be slower because there are fewer molecules than in B, resulting in fewer overall collisions.b) A will be faster because the reactants are different which changes the rate of a reaction.c) B will be faster because the collisions will be more energetic, having the required activation energy, thereby increasing the percentage of successful collisions.d) B will be faster because more molecules are able to collide with one another which increases the total number of collisions.

22) Look at the graph below which shows reaction rates vs pH level

Which pH has the slowest reaction rate?a) 4b) 7

c) 14

23) If the temperature of a reaction is increased, the reaction goes much quicker because the a) position of the molecules changes.b) energy of the molecules increases.c) number of collisions between reactants increasesd) b & c are correct.

24) What could you do to make a peach ripen faster?a) separate it from other peaches so there is less ethylene (ripening chemical) b) place the peach in sunny window sillc) add BHT because it is a good inhibitor to use for foodsd) place the peach in the refrigerator

ANSWERS 9)d 10) c 11)d 12)d 13)c 14) a 15)c 16)a 19) b 21) d 22) a 23)d 24)b

Properties Review Test

3) When water changes states from a liquid to a solid it is not a chemical change becausea) the chemical identity remains the sameb) the properties are not significantly differentc) there is an unexpected color changed) the properties are temporary

4) Which of the following is a physical change?a) bending plasticb) corrosion of a nailc) gasoline combustion in an engined) two yellow liquids mix to make an orange solid

5) All of the following can be signs of a chemical change excepta) iron turning to rust in waterb) brown gas escaping from a cold green liquidc) a heat pack getting warm when removed from the packaged) red & yellow combining to make orange

6) Which of the following is an example of a chemical reaction?a) Breaking a mirrorb) Dissolving a red solid in waterc) Bread moldingd) Ice melting when salt is placed on it

7) Which word describes how two substances interact with one another?a) chemical reactionb) chemical propertyc) physical propertyd) flammability

8) Which of the following is a physical property?a. ability to oxidizeb. purple liquidc. easily tarnishesd. reacts with water

20) Which of the following is a physical change?a. cookingb. rustingc. burningd. crushing

21) Which of the following describes a chemical property a) the powder is greenb) zinc prevents corrosion of ironc) baking soda does not dissolve well in waterd) the water is cold

22) In the lab you notice that a red liquid and white solid mix to form a blue solid. What type of change is this? a) reversibleb) physicalc) chemicald) quantitative

ANSWERS3)a 4)a 5)d 6)c 7)b8)b 20)d 21)b 22)c 23)d 24)b

Atoms Review1) Dalton's atomic theory stated that every element was made of atoms that could not be subdivided, atoms of the same element are alike, anda. atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.b. the nucleus is the center of the atom.c. atoms can join to form molecules.d. atoms are constantly in motion.

2) Which statement is true according to Dalton's theory?a. Atoms of different elements can join to form larger atoms.b. Atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles.c. Atoms of the same element differ in electric charge.d. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.

3) Which statement about the atomic nucleus is correct?a. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a negative charge.b. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge.c. The nucleus is made of electrons and has a positive charge.d. The nucleus is made of electrons and has a negative charge.

4) The charge of an electron isa. –2 b. 0c. –1 d. +1

5) The conclusion that the nucleus contained most of the mass of the atom was based on which of the following results?a. the cathode ray was deflected by electric and magnetic fields.b. some alpha particles were deflected as they passed through the gold foil.c. a few alpha particles bounced back toward the emitting source instead of passing through the gold foil.d. both b & c.

7) In any neutral atom the number of electrons always equals the number ofa. protons.b. ions.c. neutrons.

8) The particle responsible for stability of the nucleus is thea. electron.b. proton.c. neutron.

9) The number of neutrons in an atom can be determined if which of the following is known?a. atomic number.b. atomic mass.c. electron charge.d. both a & b.e. both a & c.

10) The nucleus of an atom contains which of the following subatomic particles?a. electrons.b. neutrons.c. protons.d. both a & c.e. both b & c.

11) A proton has a mass similar to ________ and a ___________ charge.a. a helium atom, negative.b. an electron, positive.c. a neutron, positive.d. 10 electrons, negative.

12) Electrical charges in an atom are locateda. only in the nucleusb. on protons & neutrons.c. on protons & electronsd. on protons, electrons, & neutrons.

13) Atoms of each element contain a specific number ofa. neutrons in their nuclei.b. protons in their nuclei.c. electrons in their nuclei.d. all of the above.e. both a & c.

14) The force that holds the electrons around the nucleus is the __________ force, and the __________ is the particle it is attracted to. a. electromagnetic, proton.b. electromagnetic, neutron.c. strong nuclear, proton.d. strong nuclear, neutron.

Use the following chemical symbol to answer questions 15 – 19.

53Cr6+

24

15) The atomic number of the atom isa. 24b. 29c. 30d. 53

16) The atomic mass of the atom isa. 24b. 29c. 30d. 53

17) The number of protons in the atom isa. 24b. 29c. 30d. 53

18) The number of neutrons in the atom isa. 24b. 29c. 30d. 53

19) The number of electrons in the ion isa. 24b. 18c. 30d. 53

20) Naturally occurring neon consists of two isotopes: 20Ne and 22Ne. How many neutrons are in each isotope?

a. 10, 10

b. 20, 22

c. 11, 13

d. 21, 23

e. 10, 12

22) Which pair of symbols below represents isotopes?

a. 16O, 16N

b. 16O, 17O

c. H, He

d. He, He+

e. 13C, 14N

23) Atoms are said to be electrically neutral, which means thata) neutrons are formedb) they do not react to electricityc) electrons have lost their charged) the net charge is zero

24) The smallest possible particle of an element is thea) atomb) electronc) neutrond) proton

25) How will particles with like charges interact?a) They will repel each other.b) They will attract each other.c) they will combined) It cannot be predicted.

26) Rutherford concluded that the nucleus was a _____________ part of the atom with a ____________ chargea) large, negativeb) large, positivec) small, negatived) small, positive

You might also want to do the following in your book on pgs 112-113.

28,34,36,38,39,43,44,50,59-65,72

Answers1) c 2)d 3) b 4)c 5)c 7)a 8)c 9)d 10)e 11)c 12)c 13)b 14)a 15)a 16)d 17)a 18)b 19)b 20)e ee)b 23)d 24)a 25)a 26)d

Book answers28) 1. matter, 2. atoms, 3. e, 4. p,5. n, 6. space around the nucleus, 7. nucleus34) e-

36) -1, 0 relative to the p & n38) +39) electromagnetic43) p&n44) same, same if neutral50) super is the mass, sub is the atomic number59) 44p 44e60a) 23p,eb) 25p,ec) 77p,ed) 16p,e61) 6 n62) mass number 20063) mass number 131

64a) 55p,e 77nb) 27 p,e 32nc) 69p,e 94nd) 30p,e 40n65) 31p,e 33nb) 9p,e 14nc) 22 p,e 26nd) 2 p,e 6n72) S- 32 16 32 16 16 16Ca-44 20 44 20 24 20Zn-64 30 64 30 34 30F-19 9 19 9 10 9Na-23 11 23 11 12 11

Electrons & Light

2) The dual nature of light means that light has properties of both waves & a. particles.b. charges.c. electronsd. colors.

3) The fourth principal quantum level can hold up to _____ electrons.a. 8b. 18c. 28d. 32

4) One of the rules that governs how electrons enter orbitals in atoms isa. only one electron can occupy each orbital.b. electrons enter the lowest energy level first.c. they enter in pairs, before taking their own orbital.d. they hide under your bed until you select an orbital for them.

5) How many unpaired electrons does Zirconium (40 electrons) have?a. 0b. 2c. 4d. 5e. 6

8) The emission spectra of an element is not continuous because the electron energy changes that cause the release of lighta) can take on any valuesb) are very smallc) have only fixed values d) are too large to be measured

10) When light is emitted from a heated element & passed through a prism the result is aa) continuous spectrumb) line spectrumc) absorbtion spectrumd) rainbow

12) The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital isa) 2b) 6c) 8d) 18

13) As an electron moves away from the nucleus what happens to its energy?a. It decreasesb. It increasesc. It remains the same

19) An orange looks orange because ita. reflects orange light and absorbs other colors.b. absorbs orange light and reflects other colors.c. reflects red and yellow light only.d. absorbs red and yellow light only.

20) You look at a red tulip, with green leaves, under green light. What would you see?a. a green flower with green leaves c. a yellow flower with black leavesb. a black flower with green leaves d. a black flower with black leaves

26) Identify the element that corresponds to the following electron configuration: [Kr]5s24d105p1.

a. Y

b. In

c. Sb

d. Ga

e. Al

27) In the lead atom, which of the following orbitals has the lowest energy?

a. 5s

b. 3p

c. 3d

d. 5d

e. 4p

28) Which one of the following subshells contains only one orbital?

a. 5d

b. 6f

c. 4s

d. 3d29) What is the lowest-numbered principal shell (energy level) in which d orbitals are found?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 5

30) Identify the element that corresponds to the following electron configuration: [Ar]4s23d104p4.

a. Se

b. S

c. Ge

d. Cr

e. Br31) How many electrons can occupy a 5f subshell?

a. 10

b. 12

c. 14

d. 8

e. 6

32) What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a 3d subshell?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 5

e. 6

f. 10

35) Is energy emitted or absorbed when an electron moves from the 3rd to the 6th energy level?

a. emitted

b. absorbed

Answers2a,3d,4b,5b,8c,10b,12a,13b19a,20b, 26b,27b,28c,29c,30a,31c,32f, 35b

Periodic Table

1) The size of atoms generally increases as you move down the table becausea) the electron orbitals get largerb) the nucleus gets heavierc) there are more electronsd) more neutrons are needed for stability

2) In general the periodic table of elements contains morea) metals than nonmetalsb) semimetals than nonmetalsc) nonmetals than metalsd) semimetals than metals

4) In general, ionization energy _____ as you go down, & _____ as you go across the periodic table.a) decreases, decreasesb) decreases, increasesc) increases, decreasesd) increases, increases

5) Which of the following groups would have the largest atoms in their period?a) 7Ab) 1Ac) 8Ad) 2A

6) The alkali metal with an electron configuration of [Kr]5s1 is a) Kb) Rbc) Csd) Sr

9) As you move from N to Bi on the table, the metallic properties of the elementa) increasesb) decreasesc) remains the samed) changes unpredictably

10) Hydrogen has the same number of valence electrons as which element?a) Nab) Fc) Hed) Be

11) Which of the following sets of elements would be good conductors of both heat & electricitya) Cl, Br, Ib) At, P, Sec) Fe, Cu, Cd) Au, Ag, W

12) Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number ofa. protons. b. valence electrons.c. neutrons. d. protons and neutrons.

13) Valence electrons determine an atom'sa. mass. b. protons.c. chemical properties. d. period.

14) A lithium ion is much less reactive than a lithium atom because ita. is much more massive.b. is more stable after losing an electron.c. has a negative electric charge.d. is in a different group in the periodic table.

20. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?a. On the left-most side.b. On the right side.c. In the middle column of the periodic table.d. In the bottom rows.

21) Which of the following sets of elements is in the correct order of increasing atomic radius (smallest to largest)?

a. P, Si, Al

b. Cl, Br, I

c. S, As, Sn

d. Se, As, Sb

e. Cl, S, O

22) Which one of the following is not a property of metals?

a. ductility

b. malleability

c. good electrical conductivity

d. having a dull appearance

e. good heat conductivity

23) Identify the following element that is incorrectly classified as a metal, nonmetal, or a metalloid.

a. antimony—metalloid

b. strontium—metal

c. cerium—metal

d. selenium—metalloid

e. rhodium—metal

f. krypton—nonmetal

24) Which of the following has the largest first ionization energy?

a. K

b. Ca

c. Fe

d. Cu

e. Ge

f. S

25) For each of the following pairs, which element will have the greater metallic character: Li, Be and Li, Na?

a. Li, Li

b. Li, Na

c. Be, Li

d. Be, Na

26) Which of the following atoms is the largest?

a. Al

b. Mg

c. Ca

d. Sr

e. Rb

f. B

Answers1) a2) a4) b5) b6) b9)a10) a11) d12) b13) c14) b20) b21) b22) d23) d24) f25) b26) e

Also know:Properties of:

metallic elements non-metallic elements Semi-metal elements Ionic compounds Covalent compounds

What ionic bonds do in water? Why it matters.