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Scientific Method. There is no single scientific method, but most contain these basic steps:. 1. Observation: recognizing and noting a fact or occurrence . 2. State a problem in a Question Format. 3. Hypothesis: an explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Scientific Scientific MethodMethod
There is no single scientific method, but most contain
these basic steps:
2. State a problem in a Question Format
3. Hypothesis: an explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested.
4. Experiment: tentative procedure or
policy
5. Analyze & Interpret Data: to explain or tell the meaning of
- present in understandable terms
I. Observations must be
accurate, free of bias, &
recorded.
2 TypesA. Qualitative:
non-numerical observationsB. Quantitative:
numerical observations
II. A hypothesis is: a testable explanation for a
question or problem and is based on logic,
observations, and research
III. ExperimentationIII. Experimentation
A. Controlled- an experiment in which all variables are the same except the one being tested
B. Independent variable: the variable being tested; in a controlled experiment, only this changes
Quiz
Numerical Data isA.Qualitative
B.Quantitative
C. Dependent variable: any change that results from manipulation of the independent variable
D. Experimental Group: the group in which the independent variable is changed
E. Control Group: the group in which all the variables remain the same, including the independent variable
- well planned, detailed - only 1 variable /Constants - collect data at regular intervals
- large sample size - use metrics for quantitative data
- repeatable
IV. Good design features:
A. Graphs: 1. Line graph: data for the
independent variable is placed on the horizontal, or x-axis, and data for the dependent variable are plotted on the vertical, or y-axis.
V. Interpreting & Analyzing Data
2. Bar graph: Use bars instead of data points to plot the data and are a good way to show comparisons among groups when data are not dependent on one another.
3. Pie graph: show which percentage, out of 100, a specific piece of information represents
VI. Conclusion
describes if the data collected supports the
hypothesis
VII. Scientific Theory
time- tested major hypothesis that explains an aspect of
nature
VIII. Scientific Law
a principle that describes an aspect of nature
IX. Inference
logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and
experience