Upload
teneil
View
28
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Scientific Method. Science philosophy involves itself in the methodology of science. Empirical knowledge – by observation - The Enlightenment (16-17 th C.). Empirical knowledge. When we see something many times in many different circumstances Prediction. Prediction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Scientific MethodScientific Method
Science philosophy involves itself in the Science philosophy involves itself in the methodology of science.methodology of science.
Empirical knowledgeEmpirical knowledge – by observation – by observation
- The Enlightenment (16-17- The Enlightenment (16-17thth C.) C.)
Empirical knowledgeEmpirical knowledge
When we see something many times in When we see something many times in many different circumstancesmany different circumstances
PredictionPrediction
PredictionPrediction
Inductive reasoningInductive reasoning (common sense) (common sense)
Moves from Moves from “I”“I” to the universal to the universal “all”“all”
ProblemProblem
There is no causal relationship between an There is no causal relationship between an event and timeevent and time
HumeHume
Science cannot prove anythingScience cannot prove anything
It can only disprove a ideaIt can only disprove a idea
FalsificationFalsification
FalsificationFalsification
We can never 100% prove something, only prove that it is falseWe can never 100% prove something, only prove that it is false
Falsification connects theory & experimentFalsification connects theory & experiment
Encourages objectivityEncourages objectivity
Freud’sFreud’s
Oedipal complexOedipal complex
Private research &Private research &
drug companiesdrug companies
Scientific RevolutionsScientific Revolutions
When observation doesn’t match theoryWhen observation doesn’t match theory
HumeHume
Normal or progressive scienceNormal or progressive science
KunhKunh (1922) (1922)
Paradigm shiftParadigm shift
scientists prefer to cling to old paradigms until a new one is readyscientists prefer to cling to old paradigms until a new one is ready e.g.e.g.
Copernican revolution Copernican revolution
Discovery of oxygenDiscovery of oxygen (phlogiston) (phlogiston)
Einstein's theories of relativityEinstein's theories of relativity
Don’t fit Kunh’s theory:Don’t fit Kunh’s theory:
Super conductorsSuper conductors
DNADNA
EinsteinEinstein
Science RealityScience Reality
Scientists hold paradigmsScientists hold paradigms
Won’t shift paradigms until there is enough Won’t shift paradigms until there is enough evidenceevidence
But who decides what’s But who decides what’s enough?enough?
Andreas Vesalius (1514)Andreas Vesalius (1514)
Galen Galen ((129 – 199)129 – 199)
VesaliusVesalius
De humani corporis fabricaDe humani corporis fabrica ( (On the Fabric On the Fabric of the Human Bodyof the Human Body). ).
Founder of modern human anatomy Founder of modern human anatomy
Mocked by other doctorsMocked by other doctors Hounded by the churchHounded by the church In 1564 Vesalius went on a pilgrimage to In 1564 Vesalius went on a pilgrimage to
the Holy Land – and died.the Holy Land – and died.
Scientific methodScientific method
Right?Right?
Wrong?Wrong?
Truth?Truth?
Einstein & NewtonEinstein & Newton
FalsificationFalsification
Einstein disproved Newton’s theoriesEinstein disproved Newton’s theories
AeroplanesAeroplanes
Right and WrongRight and Wrongare not scientific conceptsare not scientific concepts
Ideas are only limited by their contextIdeas are only limited by their context- - A flat earth is fine if you’re only walking to A flat earth is fine if you’re only walking to
the shopsthe shops
Is sciences goal to find the Is sciences goal to find the truth?truth?
- no, it is to be useful- no, it is to be useful
Dawkins vs GodDawkins vs GodScientific claims lend themselves to Scientific claims lend themselves to
experiment.experiment.
Thus some things are outside of scienceThus some things are outside of science
Love. Feelings. Faith. Taste. Fashion.Love. Feelings. Faith. Taste. Fashion.
Dawkins vs GodDawkins vs God
God created the earth.God created the earth.
God created the earth 5000 years ago.God created the earth 5000 years ago.