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Scientific Insights and development in
sustainable palm oil production
Jean-Pierre CalimanDirector of SMART Research Institute
Palm oil – an SDG commodity
Provides jobs for estimated 16 million people in Indonesia
Palm oil farmers earn at least 7 times more than subsistence farmers
US$17.8 bn of palm oil exports in 2016 from Indonesia
Is the most productive vegetable oil crop in the world
GAR: a leading integratedpalm oil company
A leading integrated palm oil
plantation company
Largest palm oil grower in
Indonesia
Manages 169 plantations
Provides over 170,000 jobs
Total revenue: over US$7.2
billion
Core net profit: US$186 million
2,510,000 metric tonnes of crude
palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel
(PK)
3
Palm oil smallholders performance compared to other vegetable oils
0
2
4
6
8
10
Oil P
alm
oil
GA
R:
cu
rrent o
wn
pla
ntati
on
s
GA
R:
cu
rrent
sm
allh
old
ers
GA
R:
futu
re
Rap
eseed o
il
Sun
flow
er o
il
Soybean
oil
Oil
pro
du
ctio
n (
t /h
a)
Vegetable oil productivityGAR average 2010-2016 (premium age)
Smallholders performance
Committed to sustainable palm oil
SMART Research Institute(SMARTRI)
SMART Research Institute
BREEDING
Department
AGRONOMY
Department
CROP PROTECTION
Department
SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH
Department
Prepare the performance and
characteristics of the future seeds
Propose the best cultivation
techniques
Protect our palms from pests &
diseases
. Evaluate the impact on the environment (GHG, pollution risk,biodiversity,…)
. Develop Assessment tools for new best practices
ISO 9001:2008
Registration Nbr. 2032890
ISO 17025
Global Approach-Road MAP
Agronomy Breeding Crop Protection
Short term - Fertiliser regime / soil & climate - Germplasm development Integrated Pest Management
0 - 2 years 800 ha of reference trials (14 origins, 494 accessions) Weed Control
Mineral and organic fertilisers - Breeding trial (800 ha)
- Fertiliser efficiency - Ortets selection (1,740-T; 40-D; 24-P)
Nutrient losses assessment - Clones selection (153 clones: 130 ha)
Tools for estate
Medium term - Modeling
0 - 5 years Nutrient cycles
Soil fertility
Palm physiology
Mineral nutrition & Ganoderma Mineral nutrition & Ganoderma
Soil Fertility & Ganoderma Soil Fertility & Ganoderma
Long term
0 - 10 years
High nutrient uptake and nutrient utilisation
High water uptake
High resistance to pest and disease
Low lipase activity (low FFA) + virescence trait
High unsaturated oil
Development of an ideotype for oil palm
High bunch number
High photosynthesis capacity and favorable carbon partitioning
High nutrient uptake & utilisation
High water uptake
High photosynthesis capacity
High light interception
Architecture for high light interception
Leaf eating Caterpillar resistance
Screening planting material
Ganoderma resistance
Screening planting material
Screening planting material
High yield
Our breeding programme
Antigonon leptopusTurnera subulata
Crop protection
Collaboration:
Cirad,
Uni. Besancon,
MHNP
Outliers are hidden
Extreme values are hidden
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
year
0,00
2,50
5,00
7,50
10,00
dam
ag
e
Biological control of Pests & Diseases: rat control
Source: Aude Verwilghen (cirad)
Moh. Naim (Smartri)
photo:
Aude Verwilghen Barn owls value = USD 2 to 4 /ha.ySmall carnivores value = USD 1.6 /ha.y
Ecosystem services:Crop protection
Pesticides used in plantations
Protection of our palms
Stop paraquat utilisation starting 2016
Active ingredient
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Herbicides 0.327 0.397 0.510 0.471 0.412 0.418 0.433
including Paraquat 0.083 0.100 0.133 0.115 0.093 0.082 0
Insecticides 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.017 0.012 0.035
Fungicides* 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.005 0.011 0.001 0.015
Acaricides <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Rodenticides 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.006 0.008
Total pesticides used 0.333 0.407 0.518 0.481 0.443 0.437 0.491
* : used only in nurseries
kg or liter/ha
Ecosystem services & productivityThe BEFTA project
www.oilpalmbiodiversity.com
Positive impact of flora understorey on parasitoids:Lower assassin bug abundance in reduced complexity
The BEFTA project
Lower spider (Nephila spp.) abundance and prey consumption in reduced complexity plots
Enhanced Standard Reduced
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Pre
y p
er
ho
ur
The BEFTA project
Enhanced Standard Reduced
50
100
150
20
02
50
30
0
Abu
nd
an
ce
Vegetation ground cover:Reducing nutrient losses
Weeds management N P K
Standard vegetationground cover
1.1 % 1.4 % 0.6 %
Bare soil 2.5 % 2.7 % 0.8 %
Importance of vegetation understorey on soil microclimateImpact of extreme El Nino/La Nina
Losses value = USD 2.7 to 3.0 /ha.y
1 . Risk due to climate change- High rains affect E. kameronicus population- Low EK population depress Oil volume
2 . Risk due to agricultural practices
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ela
eid
ob
ius
(E
K/s
pic
kle
t)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 Rain 3 Weeks before Observation (mm)
Lampung - Weevil population & Rainfall
19
20
21
22
23
24
OE
R (
%)
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 EK Population (EK/ha)
OER semester 1
OER semester 2
S. Buaya - OER and Weevil population
The ecological services at risk
Micro-meteorological measurements:
Net Carbon Exchange measurement
Greenhouse gases:Carbon footprint
Results:
First estimate of Carbon fixation in oil palm agro-system= 38 tCO2/ha.y (11 tC/ha.y)
(Sept 2011-Dec 2016)
BRND-03.0.0.00.152.01
Soil
Humidity
Emission factor
(%)
Low 0.17 - 80 %
Medium 0.88
High 1.09 + 24 %
Test of urease inhibitor mixed to urea
Standard Urea Urease
inhibitor (Solvay)
Low 0.23 0.16 - 30 %
Medium 1.53 1.00 - 65 %
Nutrients losses:emission of N2O
Greenhouse gas:N2O emission
186 species foundon 864 sampling sites
Leading the oil palm research community
Thank You /Terima Kasih