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Scientific coordinator: Prof. Emanuela Casti Research fellow: Paolo Bettera
UNIVERSITY OF BERGAMO
Creation of a multi-level network of European «s-low» cities (universities, municipalities, airports)
Analysis of the territories of the network for the feasibility of a common «s-low» tourism planning
Creation of the Network and submission of the EU COST proposal
(2013)
Organization of a public event with representatives from the
participating universities and local institutions (Bergamo, 4th-5th
March 2014) and signing of a Paper of Intent
«Il Caravaggio» International Airport
University of Bergamo
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH (2003-2012)
SIZE National ranking: 9° 4°
Passengers: 2.822.746 8.801.392
SIZE
Students: 9.549 15.415
QUALIFICATION 105 cities served
33 countries served
QUALIFICATION Italian ranking(on 8 cluster universities): 3rd
Foreign students: 130 750 3 international Master Courses
UNIVERSITY OF BERGAMO
Presentation of the project to the other cluster cities and request for an expression of interest
CLUSTER UNIVERSITIES
Analysis of the local contexts and towards the definition of an integrated methodology
MULTI-LEVEL NETWORK
• network of airport operators
• low-cost carriers
• local government agencies
1.
2.
3.
Location
Demographic dimension
Airport typology
City centre
University
OECD urban area < 500,000 inhabitants
Of artistic and cultural interest
Campus or university
Proximity to a metropolis
With low cost flights
Metropolitan city
Cluster city
Lübeck
Bergamo
Hamburg
Milan
Barcelona
Bilbao
Santander
Paris
Girona
Beauvais
with Bergamo
with other cluster cities
link:
Cambridge
Brussels
Charleroi
London
Criteria for cluster cities: 1. Airport with low-cost flights
from/to BGY 2. Small and medium-sized cities
(pop. < 500,000) 3. Proximity to a metropolitan city
(pop. > 1,000,000) 4. Remarkable city centre 5. University
LÜBECK
University of Applied Sciences, 4,100 students
Four programs offered:
Applied Natural Sciences
Structural Engineering
Electrical Engineering & Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering & Business Administration
Rector: Prof. Stefan Bartels
Contacts: Prof. Achim Laleik, Coordinator, Master's Degree in Urban Planning Stephanie Eilers, junior researcher Malina Kreuk, junior researcher
Lübeck
HAMBURG
Lübeck Blankensee Airport
Fachhochschule Lübeck
MUNICIPALITY City President: Gabriele Schopenhauer (Stadtpräsidentin Hansestadt Lübeck)
- Fachhochschule Lübeck
CAMBRIDGE - Anglia Ruskin University
31,500 students
4 faculties:
Vice Chancellor: Prof. Michael Thorne Contacts: Hesham Al-Sabbahy, Head of Department of HRM, OB, and Tourism Chris Wilbert, Senior Lecturer and Pathway Leader for MA International Sustainable Tourism Management Ilaria Pappalepore, Senior Lecturer in Tourism Management
- Arts, Law & Social Sciences
- Health, Social Care & Education
- Lord Ashcroft International Business School
- Science & Technology
Cambridge Campus
LONDON
Cambridge
Chelmsford Campus
Mayor: Paul Saunders
London-Stansted Airport
BEAUVAIS
Cergy-Pontoise Campus
Beauvais
PARIS
Beauvais-Tillé Airport
- ESSEC Business School
Direttore Generale: Prof. Philippe Choquet
Persone incontrate: Prof. Pascal Barrier, Direttore Sviluppo e Relazioni con le Imprese Dr. Xavier Faure, Directeur de Cabinet
Private Grande école, 4,400 students
3 campuses (Cergy, Paris-La Défense and Singapore)
8 departments:
Dean: Prof. Jean-Michel Blanquer
Contacts: Prof. Patrice Noisette, Course Coordinator - Urban, Environmental and Services Management (MUES) Jean-Paul Loevenbruck, Lecturer
Accounting and management control
Public and private policy Economics Finance
Operations Management Management Marketing Information systems,
decision sciences and statistics
BEAUVAIS
Tillé
Auneuil
Milly-sur-Thérain
Allonne
Troissereux
Saint-Paul
Savignies
Berneuil-en-Bray
Communauté d‘Agglomération du Beauvaisis (CAB)
President: Caroline Cayeux Contact: Stéphane Delabre (Development Director)
La Défense Campus
Singapore Campus
GIRONA
14,800 students
Faculties and schools:
Rector: Prof. Ana Maria Geli Contacts: Rafel Llussà (Department of Geography Director ) José Antonio Donaire (INSETUR Director) Gisela Bosch (junior researcher)
- Law
- Arts
- Medicine
- Polytechnic School
- Science
- Education and Psychology
- Business and Economic Sciences
- Nursing
- Tourism
BARRI VELL Campus
Montilivi Campus
Girona
BARCELONA
Girona-Costa Brava Airport
City Centre Campus
Pals
Begur
Mayor: Carles Puigdemont Local contact: Jordi Xirgo (UMAT Director)
- Universitat de Girona
Cittaslow International
SANTANDER
12,000 students 14 schools and faculties, among which:
Rector: Prof. José Carlos Gómez Contacts: Prof. Ángel Herrero, Director Department of Business Administration Andrea Pérez, Researcher
- Law - Humanities - Medicine - Sciences
- Teacher training - Economics and
Business Studies - Altamira School of
Tourism
LAS LLAMAS Campus
Torrelavega
Santander
BILBAO
Santander Airport
- Universidad de Cantabria
Mayor: Íñigo de la Serna
CHARLEROI
Saint-Ghislain
Ath
Charleroi
Charleroi
BRUSSELS
Brussels South Charleroi Airport
Mouscron
Tournai
Morlanwelz
Enghien
Silly
Lens
7 campuses, 8,800 students and 50 courses Teaching areas:
HEPH-CONDORCET Michel Van Koninckxloo, Chief Inspector for High Education of the Province Pascal Lambert, Directeur-Président HEPH-Condorcet Contact: Élise Boucq, Researcher Stéphanie Crabeck, Researcher
- Agronomy
- Applied arts
- Economics
- Paramedicine
- Pedagogy
- Social sciences
- Technical studies
- Haute École Provinciale de Hainaut - Condorcet
MONS
Teaching Councillor Hainaut: Yves Lardinois Charleroi Mayor: Paul Magnette
Contact: Anthony Dufrane, Councillor of Tourism Charleroi
Cittaslow International
SLOW TOURISM: For the development of the territorial identity in a touristic perspective
Time
Emotion Slowness
Network S-LOW
Autenthicity Contact
Sustainability
• Participation
• Valorization of local
knowledge
Individual and
personalized
dimension
T E R R I T O R Y
Co-management Quality of the
experience
Active implication
SLOW TOURISM
LOW-COST FLIGHTS S
SLOW TOURISM
Inhabitant Tourist
Slowness
2.
LOW-COST FLIGHTS Innovations introduced by low-cost airlines
The traveler: individualist, internet user, alternative, conscious, frequent
New destinations Economic impact created on territory:
• Valorization of medium-small centers and marginal areas
• New employment perspectives
Tariff reduction Flight democratization: open opportunity for anybody to
visit the Elsewhere
Important element to increase the European integration
Network S-LOW SLOW TOURISM
LOW-COST FLIGHTS LOW
LOW-COST FLIGHTS
Ryanair: privileged low-cost carrier
Undoubted environmental impact:
atmospheric and acoustic
The most eco-efficient airline:
Fleet of modern aircrafts
High density of seats
High load factor
Source: Brighter Planet Report (2011)
CLASSIFICATION FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY (first 20 carriers PAX)
SLOW TOURISM LOW-COST FLIGHTS
Concept of
neighborhood
(proximity/distance)
completely revised
Experiencing the
territory
S
-
L
O
W
CENTRALITY OF NETWORKED TERRITORIES
ANALYSIS OF THE LOCAL CONTEXT
CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THE COLLECTED DATA
PLANNING A S-LOW TOURISM
NETWORK
ON-LINE PARTICIPATION
1st phase 2nd phase
4th phase 3rd phase
Analysis of the local context
Monitoring of the slow tourism
resources
Stakeholder identification
Analysis of the s-low
tourist profile
Analysis of the airport dynamism
CULTURAL RESOURCES
UNESCO Site Crespi d’Adda
several Res Tipica villages: - 3 of the “Most beautiful Italian villages”
- 1 of the “Authentic Italian villages”
- 2 “Orange flag” villages
- 3 Italian wine cities
- 4 “Painted villages”
castles in the Bergamo plain (i.e. Malpaga)
historical buildings (palaces, villas, etc)
many religious and industrial heritage sites
5 officially recognized eco-museums, several ethnographic museums
NATURAL RESOURCES
Natura 2000 sites: - 19 Sites of Community Importance
- 6 Special Protection Areas
5 regional parks
19 local parks (PLIS)
6 natural reserves, one of which WWF oasis
1 natural monument
1 botanical garden (Lorenzo Rota)
many lakes, rivers, waterfalls (Serio)
monumental trees
MOBILITY (based on low carbon emissions)
cycle routes
hiking trails
- Sentiero delle Orobie
- Sentiero dei Fiori
- Sentiero delle Farfalle
historical pathways
- Via Mercatorum
- Strada Priula
- Strada Francesca
bike sharing programmes (BiGi)
low carbon public transport (TEB, etc.)
ACCOMMODATION 3 «scattered hotels»
240 bed & breakfasts - Bed and Bergamo - Associazione Bergamo B&B e
C.V. - The Best B&B in Bergamo - Coop. B&B Il mondo di casa
113 lodging houses
10 hostels
137 agritourisms, 50 of which provide with accommodation
41 mountain lodges, 23 of which in “Rifugi di Lombardia”
10 campings
17 Bergamo Charme facilities
2 “Albergabici” bike hotels
CATERING
7 Slow Food “Osterie d’Italia”
9 Slow Food “Locande d’Italia”
25 ristoranti dei Mille… sapori”
12 restaurants with “Slow Food” allied cooks
MICRO-BUSINESS (based on quality brands)
Stakeholder identification
PRIVATE MIXED PUBLIC
LOCAL
• Local enterprises
• Food and Hospitality
consortia
• Local associations
• Slow Food Convivia
• Associations for the
promotion of tourism
• Local government
agencies (communes,
province of Bergamo,
others)
INTER-
NATIONAL
• Low-cost carriers • Airport operators
• Associations endorsing
the «slow philosophy»
• European Union
T Y P O L O G Y
S
C
A
L
E
Destination chosen by foreign passengers arriving at BGY
19.3% 27.1%
56.0%
40.7%
9.9%
12.5%
DESTINATION: BERGAMO (of tot. Lombardy)
DESTINATION: LOMBARDY (of tot. destination regions)
Data source: Banca d’Italia (2010), Indagine sul turismo internazionale
45.7% 64.6%
INDIVIDUALIST Not interested in
standardized holiday packages, he avoids travelling in groups
INTERNET USER He builds his own itinerary using the
Internet
ALTERNATIVE He prefers visiting
lesser-known destinations and off the
beaten path tourist attractions
FREQUENT TRAVELLER
He travels several times a year
CONSCIOUS He «thinks green» and pays attention to the impacts of tourism
0
1.000.000
2.000.000
3.000.000
4.000.000
5.000.000
6.000.000
7.000.000
8.000.000
9.000.000
10.000.000
To
tal
pa
sse
ng
ers
Data source: ENAC (I), UAF (F), AENA (E), CAA (UK), Charleroi airport (B), Lübeck airport (D)
Lübeck
RYANAIR
WIZZ AIR
WIZZ AIR UKRAINE
PEGASUS AIRLINES
BELLE AIR EUROPE
BLUE AIR
AIR ARABIA EGYPT
AIR ARABIA MAROC
RYANAIR and AIR ARABIA MAROC
BLUE AIR and WIZZ AIR
RYANAIR and WIZZ AIR
Annual passengers to
and from BGY
(data 2012, source:
ENAC)
300.000
200.000
100.000
Passengers on routes to
and from BGY and the
other 6 cluster cities
accounted for 17.3% of BGY’s international
passengers traffic in 2012
(air charter PAX excluded)
Cluster city
European multilevel s-low network
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH DYNAMIC ACTION
Adoption and actualization of the
research and the proposals emerged
from the network
Interuniversity
European research
group, with
complementary
disciplinary
competences
CENTRALITY OF NETWORKED TERRITORIES
University Airports
Local Institutions
Economic engine of
territories for
stimulating local
entrepreneurship and
activating innovative
strategies in a s-low
perspective
APPLICATION AND OPERATIONAL FUNCTION
3.
Towards a shared territorial planning
Institution of a TERRITORIAL COORDINATION AGENCY supporting projects and activities identified by the network
Constitution of a EUROPEAN
OBSERVATORY OF EXCELLENCE
on low-cost mobility for a touristic development of
territories
Creation of a PARTNERSHIP
AMONG LOW-COST AIRPORTS
to develop common strategies and create privileged networks
with low-cost carriers
University Airports
Local institutions
… summarising
SLOW TOURISM LOW-COST FLIGHTS
Concept of
neighborhood
(proximity/distance)
completely revised
Experiencing the
territory
S
-
L
O
W
CENTRALITY OF NETWORKED TERRITORIES