Research and Innovation

Science–policy interface

in support of the water

framework directive —

CIS-SPI Activity report 2010–12

French national agency for water and aquatic environments

Research and Innovation

Science–policy interface

in support of the water

framework directive —

CIS-SPI Activity report 2010–12

French national agency for water and aquatic environments

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Science–policy interface in support of the water framework directive —

CIS-SPI Activity report 2010–12Executive summary................................................................................................................................................ 7

Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................13

Main results and deliverables...................................................................................................................14Result 1: Elaboration of an SPI network in support of the CIS............................................................14Result 2: Prioritised research needs expressed by the CIS groups ....................................................15Result 3: Mapping of existing research knowledge and initiatives of relevance to the CIS 17Result 4: Prioritised research gaps ....................................................................................................................19Result 5: A series of SPI events to improve dialogue between the science and policy communities ......................................................................................................................................................19Result 6: Policy briefs and other pilots for improving the transfer and usability of research outputs ...........................................................................................................................................................23

Management report ............................................................................................................................................25SPI correspondents in the CIS groups .................................................................................................................25SPI network working principles ...............................................................................................................................26Identity of a CIS-SPI activity....................................................................................................................................26Reports to the Strategic Coordination Group and the Water and Marine Directors’ Group meetings .......27

Outlook and perspective.................................................................................................................................28

Main recommendations for the future ...........................................................................................30Recommendation 1 .....................................................................................................................................................30Recommendation 2 .....................................................................................................................................................30Recommendation 3 .....................................................................................................................................................30Recommendation 4 .....................................................................................................................................................30Recommendation 5 .....................................................................................................................................................30Recommendation 6 .....................................................................................................................................................30Recommendation 7 .....................................................................................................................................................30

ANNEXES.........................................................................................................................................................................31Annex I — Prioritisation exercise: questionnaire and methods .............................................................31Annex II — Priority list of research needs: CIS groups ...............................................................................39Annex III — Available knowledge from research projects .......................................................................42Annex IV — Snapshot of research gaps ...........................................................................................................79Annex V — Policy brief format template ..........................................................................................................84List of acronyms ............................................................................................................................................................85

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AuthorsFrédérique Martini — French National Agency for Water and Aquatic Environments

(ONEMA) — frederique.martini@onema.fr

Christos Fragakis — European Commission, DG Research and Innovation — christos.fragakis@ec.europa.eu

Michel Schouppe — European Commission, DG Research and Innovation — michel.schouppe@ec.europa.eu

Natacha Amorsi — International Office for Water (OIEau) — natacha.amorsi@oieau.fr

Kinga Gergely — ONEMA — kinga.gergely@onema.fr

Contacts ONEMA: Frédérique Martini — frederique.martini@onema.fr

DG Research and Innovation: Christos Fragakis — christos.fragakis@ec.europa.eu

Other contributorsSPI correspondents: Robert Kase (Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology — Eawag, Switzerland), Giuseppina Monacelli (ISPRA, Italy), Yorick Reyjol (ONEMA, France), Robert Ward (British Geological Survey, United Kingdom)

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In December 2009, the water directors of the European Union established an ad hoc activity on the water science–policy interface (CIS-SPI) under the common implementation strategy (CIS) of the water framework directive (WFD). The CIS-SPI activity aims to establish working relationships among research projects and WFD implementers. It has been jointly led by the European Commission (DG Research and Inno-vation) and the French National Agency for Wa-ter and Aquatic Environments (ONEMA) and has worked in close connection with the CIS working groups (WGs) and expert groups (EGs) through the SPI correspondents nominated by each CIS group and some European countries.

In the period 2010–12, this activity achieved several results and delivered various outputs that have been made available to the CIS groups, the Strategic Coordination Group (SCG), the water directors and the research-funding bodies. They have all been made available on the Communication and Information Resource Centre for Administrations, Businesses and Citi-zens (CIRCABC).

All of the results achieved may be sorted under six main results and summarised as follows.

1 Establishment of an SPI network in support of the CIS

The work undertaken by the CIS-SPI and the results achieved relied on a so-called SPI com-munity which expanded over the years. This SPI community consisted of SPI correspondents

from either the CIS groups or Member State representatives. It has been enlarged by includ-ing SPI-related projects and experts.

The purpose of this community was to contrib-ute to the implementation of the various CIS-SPI tasks, in line with the mandate, and to con-tribute to demonstrating the applicability of SPI practices. This community, in particular the cor-respondents, worked on this activity on a best-effort basis on top of their usual work without recognition of their involvement.

This has also been achieved by relying on some tools, such as WISE-RTD (1) and the European water community (2), which deserve to be main-tained in the future as they support the viability of science–policy interface practices.

2 Prioritised research needs expressed by the CIS groups

Thanks to a dedicated workshop (first CIS-SPI event ‘Water science meets policy’ — Septem-ber 2010) followed by a long and systematic ex-ercise undertaken with the CIS groups, a final list of prioritised research needs was drawn up and passed on to the research-funding organisa-

1 The water knowledge portal integrates information and results of relevant research projects in a unique loca-tion and makes it available to potential users (http://www.wise-rtd.info; contact: Guido Vaes, WISE-RTD Association, info@wise-rtd.org).

2 A virtual platform offering a dedicated social tool aiming at gathering people involved in IWRM-Net (FP6 ERA-Net project, 2006–10; coordinator: n.amorsi@oieau.fr, OIEau; aims to develop transnational research) (http://europeanwatercommunity.eu).

Executive summary

7

tions for possible uptake in their programming. The main outcome of this exercise consists of a validated list of research needs arising from the water policy side represented by the CIS groups. This list comprises around 10 top priorities for each group of the CIS, totalling about 59 water priorities altogether (see final exhaustive list in Annex II).

One must recognise that the activity encountered some difficulties throughout the process of final-ising these prioritised lists of CIS needs. These difficulties were mainly due to time constraints faced by the participants and also, to a lesser ex-tent, to some shortcomings in the applied meth-odology. Despite the elaboration by the CIS-SPI activity of a unique questionnaire approach, the approaches used and the time needed by the various CIS groups for the validation of priori-tised research needs varied greatly between the groups. Whilst this variability in the approaches is a positive asset of the exercise since it provides a much broader framework of analysis regard-ing practices, the lengthy response delays made it difficult for the CIS-SPI activity to finalise the outputs and deliver them to programme funders and implementers in a timely manner. More-over, the prioritised research needs proved to be evolving along the process. Nevertheless, this documented approach enabled a good identifica-tion and dissemination of knowledge and needs among the CIS groups.

It appears that the method of prioritising re-search needs via standard questionnaires needs to be revisited to improve its efficiency and timeliness, especially if conducted and updated on a more regular basis.

3 Mapping of existing research knowledge and initiatives of relevance to the CIS

Against the background of the list of top-priority research needs established by the CIS groups, a mapping of existing knowledge for each priority research issue was carried out on the basis of existing European and national projects. Some scientific syntheses have also been established

by some groups. The outcome of this exercise was passed on to the CIS groups for their up-take and is available on CIRCABC. This mapping is presented in full in Annex III.

From this stage of the work, it appeared that the large majority of research needs identified by the CIS groups are at least partially covered by one or several research projects, publications or past or ongoing projects. This shows that new knowledge relevant to implementation of the WFD is being produced. Another observation is that some research needs identified by the CIS groups were deemed too vague to allow for a precise identification of relevant projects or re-search results addressing them.

This result demonstrates that, although avail-able, a substantial amount of existing research outcomes are inadequately taken up by policy-makers and even fewer are transferred to the basin level or the policy implementers. The out-comes are not reaching policy implementation and are not being adequately appropriated by the CIS groups.

Also, the wording of research needs as ex-pressed by policymakers may sometimes not be precise enough to be usefully taken on board by the research community.

Therefore, to improve this situation, two tracks are proposed to be investigated in the future:

� to promote a continuous survey of research results and outputs and the sharing and transfer of related outputs to CIS groups to enable them to take these results on board in drafting their guidance documents, or to fast-track them to the appropriate policy imple-mentation level (national, river basin, etc.);

� to better translate policy needs expressed by CIS groups into more precise research ques-tions to be taken up by the research commu-nity, and also allow for a better definition of research gaps.

4 Prioritised research gaps From the matching exercise between research needs expressed by the CIS and the mapping

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of available knowledge, it was concluded that most priority research needs identified by the CIS groups are already partially covered by one or several existing research projects and there are relatively few real research gaps remaining.

An outline of the identified research gaps is pre-sented in Annex IV.

The results of this exercise consist of identified research gaps that can then be communicated to the various research-funding organisations for their consideration in drafting and finalising their future research programmes (e.g. DG Re-search and Innovation, joint programming initia-tive (JPI) on water).

In addition, WG A and WG E were also able to generate specific SPI reports in 2012 for an im-proved information exchange within and outside their WGs.

5 A series of SPI events to improve dialogue between the science and policy communities

The series of CIS-SPI events, ‘Water science meets policy’, was a great opportunity to gather scientists and policymakers to jointly reflect on key questions and come up with recommenda-tions.

Three events were organised in the period 2010–12.

The first one, held in September 2010, focused on the identification of research needs associ-ated with the implementation of the WFD, its daughter directives and the floods directive. Its outcomes served as the basis for the other tasks that are described above. The report of this first event is available on CIRCABC and http://www.onema.fr/IMG/EV/EV/plus/wsmp_report.pdf.

The second event, held in September 2011, dealt with ‘Implementation of the WFD: When ecosystem services come into play’. This was the occasion to share and transfer knowledge

related to the use of the ecosystem services ap-proach in the context of the implementation of these directives. The resulting report is publicly available on CIRCABC and http://www.onema.fr/IMG/EV/meetings/ecosystem-services.pdf.

The third and last annual event, entitled: ‘Water science meets policy: How to streamline know-ledge to address WFD challenges?’, took place on 14–15 November 2012. It focused on how to improve the transfer and usability of the re-search outputs and promote knowledge-broker-ing practices as well as the operational struc-tures needed to be put in place to streamline their implementation. This report is expected to be finalised by September 2013. The main rec-ommendation relates to moving from an ad hoc SPI activity within the CIS structure towards a working principle of the CIS work programme. SPI activities in the CIS structure should rely on an SPI network consisting of committed people acting as knowledge brokers and having this task in their agreed mandate. The SPI should in-volve all three levels — European, national and river basin — and should enhance the uptake of research outputs at the river basin level. Ap-propriate tools for knowledge transfer should be either enhanced or developed.

In addition to the abovementioned annual events, an ad hoc SPI meeting was organised back to back with the meeting of the SCG of the CIS in November 2011. The purpose was to inform the SCG directly through a live ‘policy briefing’ about project outputs with relevance to the CIS topics. Although there is still scope to improve events of this nature in the future in order to enhance their usefulness, this exercise was highly appreciated by both the research participants and the SCG members. However, further reflection will be necessary to come up with the most appropriate format for events of this kind that would best fit the needs of the SCG.

Last but not least, as was clearly demonstrated by a thematic workshop organised by the expert group on water scarcity and drought in 2011, such thematic workshops can be extremely use-ful to gather policymakers and scientists to ad-dress a particular implementation question.

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6 Policy briefs and other pilots for improving transfer and usability of research outputs

The CIS-SPI has also achieved the gathering and publication of 23 policy briefs that are available on CIRCABC: public library, framework_directive > thematic_documents > relevant_research > science-policy_briefs.

Following an analysis of these policy briefs, it is recommended to promote a unique policy brief format for EU-funded projects and request pro-jects to deliver briefs in their early as well as final phases to promote awareness about the project’s objectives and disseminate the final results. The aim is to improve the knowledge base of policymakers and practitioners. The ac-tivity has proposed guidelines for policy briefs that were adapted to the CIS groups (see An-nex V for a full example).

7 Conclusions and recommendations for the future

Decision-makers are increasingly calling for scientific evidence to support them in policy-making. Practitioners are asking for science-based guidance for the formulation of cost-effective management measures in compliance with legislation.

As demonstrated by the CIS-SPI activity 2010–12, a sustainable science–policy interface within the common implementation strategy of the wa-ter framework directive could, if properly imple-mented, secure the uptake of research outcomes and therefore better knowledge-based decisions throughout the policy cycle (from policy design to implementation, monitoring and review).

Although still of an experimental nature, the rich diversity of SPI approaches within the CIS has been brought to the surface through this CIS-SPI activity. It also became evident that there is still scope for further improvements of these approaches through cross-group exchanges, benchmarking, fine-tuning and upscaling to fur-

ther strengthen and promote a more sustain-able SPI activity at the EU level.

Based on the experience gained during this 3-year mandate of an ad hoc experimental CIS-SPI activity, several recommendations may be drawn for the future which would be valuable if a continuous science–policy interface were to be implemented in the context of the CIS.

Recommendation 1: move from an ad hoc SPI activity towards a more sustainable and sys-tematic one; this needs to rely on sustained, dedicated, appropriately resourced and trained people acting as SPI correspondents (such as knowledge brokers) having this activity in their agendas and mandates and thus avoiding po-tential conflicts of interest between time man-agement and other tasks. Knowledge brokering has to be recognised and rewarded to promote the emergence of skilled experts; the availabil-ity of budget/resources for knowledge brokering may help. By adopting these new approaches, one can expect a significant improvement in the current situation which is based on the best ef-forts of a very few people already overloaded with other tasks; this would add significantly to the effectiveness of the process.

Recommendation 2: adopt the SPI as a per-vasive CIS working principle and mainstream the SPI objectives and methodologies across all levels of the CIS in order to improve effi-ciency and consolidate today’s very diverse SPI approaches by the CIS groups. Improve the ac-tive knowledge exchange directly within the CIS groups by making an efficient use of internal and external expertise on a needs-oriented ba-sis. This could include formalising the require-ment for CIS-SPI activities in each CIS WG by requiring the mandates to specify this. A suc-cessful trust-building in a continuous SPI activ-ity could significantly improve participation at all levels as well as increasing SPI involvement from all Member States.

Recommendation 3: enhance the transfer and sharing of knowledge and experience fo-cusing on CIS themes, in particular at the river basin level, test various tools and methods to

10

facilitate this transfer in close connection with CIS experts, develop and promote guidance for the concrete transfer of knowledge result-ing from EU and national R & D projects, and agree on repositories and invent alert systems to reach policymakers and implementers from the EU to the catchment scale.

Recommendation 4: consolidate and imple-ment a methodology for a regular and more frequent mapping of research and the prioriti-sation of research gaps to regularly feed into research call programming at EU and national or regional levels.

Recommendation 5: develop an ‘archive’ of successful past projects, by making information included on specialised project websites avail-able even after the termination of the projects.

Recommendation 6: internationalise the CIS-SPI experience in connection with the SPI ele-ments of the ministerial declaration resulting from the Sixth World Water Forum (WWF6).

Recommendation 7: explore the possibility for a new follow-up CIS activity on guidance for ap-plying an ecosystem services approach (ESA) in support of the implementation of the WFD.

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12

Introduction

The need for a sustainable science–policy inter-face (SPI) in support of water policies has been discussed for some years within the framework of the water framework directive (WFD) and re-lated FP projects.

As a follow up, a preliminary activity was initi-ated on 24–25 November 2008 in Paris (France) with voluntary countries, stakeholders and the participation of the European Commission (DG Research and Innovation), aiming to investigate ways to establish an SPI mechanism making it possible to identify research gaps, ensure an ef-fective communication and transfer of scientific information and help to highlight opportunities for demonstrating applicability at river basin level as well as helping WFD implementers to identify practical research needs to be commu-nicated to RTD funding organisations for pos-sible consideration.

Based on this work, the water directors of the European Union established at the end of 2009 an ad hoc activity on the water SPI under the common implementation strategy (CIS) of the WFD. In line with the 3-year mandate covering the period 2010–12, the CIS-SPI activity aims, through the establishment of close working re-lationships among research projects and WFD implementers, to implement the following three tasks:

� Task 1: inventory of research and implemen-tation needs from CIS groups;

� Task 2: identification of available research and research gaps;

� Task 3: improvement of transfer and usability of research outputs.

This activity has been jointly led by the Euro-pean Commission (DG Research and Innova-tion) and the French National Agency for Water and Aquatic Environments (ONEMA) and has been implemented in close connection with the CIS groups through their nominated ‘SPI cor-respondents’. Reports on the progress achieved were made regularly to the Strategic Coordi-nation Group (SCG) and the Water Directors’ Group with a request for endorsement and guidance of the proposed future plans and ac-tions.

The document at hand provides an extended re-port regarding the implementation of this activ-ity over the last 3 years and the main outcomes of each task. It is structured around the six main results of this activity:

1. elaboration of an SPI network in support of the CIS;

2. prioritised research needs expressed by the CIS groups;

3. mapping of existing research knowledge and initiatives of relevance to the CIS;

4. prioritised research gaps;5. a series of three annual SPI events to im-

prove dialogue between the science and poli-cy communities;

6. policy briefs and other pilots for improving the transfer and usability of research outputs.

Some salient points regarding the management of the CIS-SPI activity are also provided as well as some recommendations for the future.

This report is targeted specifically at the Euro-pean water directors who established this activ-ity in the first place. It has a restricted dissemi-nation level.

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Result 1: Elaboration of an SPI network in support of the CIS

AN SPI NETWORK

The CIS-SPI activity has relied on a CIS-SPI net-work which has been progressively expanded over the period 2010–12. This network con-sisted of a core group gathering the CIS groups’ SPI correspondents: all CIS working groups (WGs) and expert groups (EGs) were invited to nominate an SPI correspondent before 10 De-cember 2010. The Member States which were not already part of the activity through the SPI correspondents had the opportunity to nomi-nate focal points to take part in this CIS-SPI core group. Three Member States (water directors) designated their representatives for this activity.

In addition to this core group, some European projects or initiatives with a close connection to the CIS-SPI objectives were part of the enlarged network. The contribution of this enlarged group was mainly to participate in the annual SPI events. These events provided an opportunity to share views among participating Member States, the scientific community and CIS groups on the CIS-SPI activity.

By also including several seventh framework programme (FP7) SPI-related projects such as WaterDiss, Step-Wise and STREAM, or PSI-Con-nect, AWARE and Noviwam, in the end a large community of SPI practices was set up.

TOOLS AND PORTAL

The CIS-SPI activity has been supported by the following.

� The European water community (EWC), a virtual platform offering a dedicated social network (http://europeanwatercommunity.eu) aiming at gathering people involved in IWRM-Net (FP6 ERA-Net project, 2006–10; coordi-nator: n.amorsi@oieau.fr, OIEau; aiming at developing transnational research).

The science–policy interface was one key component of the IWRM-Net method during the different stages of the research cycle, from the research identification to the results dissemination. In this context, the EWC aims at providing an appropriate platform for water stakeholders (managers, researchers, policymakers and implementers, etc. — 420 members and many discussion groups) to exchange ideas about needs and share infor-mation about existing and forthcoming solu-tions for water management.

� The WISE-RTD water knowledge por-tal (http://www.wise-rtd.info; contact: Guido Vaes, WISE-RTD Association, info@wise-rtd.org) integrates information and results of relevant research projects in a unique loca-tion and makes it available to potential users. The intention is to ensure that information is not lost and remains accessible to poten-tial users even after the termination of the research projects.

WISE-RTD connects policymakers with research project outcomes and results. It

Achievement of the three tasks attributed to the CIS-SPI led to several results that may be classified as follows.

Main results and deliverables

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will soon extend to industry. It contains more than 1 000 EU projects and guides policy implementers through easy-to-use searches to relevant research experiences based on all EU water directives and the US Clean Water Act. It also offers e-learning programmes for the three targeted stakeholders: policy-makers, researchers and industry.

Both mechanisms/tools demonstrated the added value of the SPI in support of the implementation of the WFD and the need for its further enhance-ment.

SESSIONS ON THE SPI

In addition, the CIS-SPI activity has been pre-sented at dedicated SPI sessions in several international forums during which the value of the SPI was assessed and its applicability demonstrated with some practical examples. A non-exhaustive list of such outreach events is as follows:

� Sixth World Water Forum — dedicated SPI session (14 March 2012) http://worldwater-forum6.spisession.oieau.fr/index.html

� Green Week 2012 — dedicated SPI session (24 May 2012) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/greenweek2012/sessions/28-trickle-down-effect-science-and-evidence-based-environ-mental-policy-making-part-iin-part.html

� The United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) K* conference dedicated to knowledge brokering (24–27 April 2012) http://www.inweh.unu.edu/River/KnowledgeManagement/Kstar2012.htm

� PSI-Connect workshop (20 April 2012).

DG Research and Innovation helped connect the CIS-SPI with the FP7 SPI cluster consisting of three FP7 projects dealing with science–policy interfacing in water management: STREAM, Wa-terDiss2.0 and Step-wise (http://www.spi-water.eu/index.cgi?s_id=76). This proved to be a use-ful additional pool of resources and expertise to help advance the CIS-SPI activity.

MAIN LESSONS LEARNT

Gathering and connecting initiatives related to the SPI is useful to enforce this working prin-ciple and make it part of the water manage-ment landscape.

If the CIS-SPI initiative is to be continued, it is essential that more effort and resources are dedicated in the future to improving the visibil-ity of the initiative to ensure that it will be of benefit to and also draw benefit from a much broader community of users through sharing experiences. This will also contribute greatly to consolidating a European SPI community and promoting effective SPI practices. To this end, an appropriate communication strategy through, among others, a dedicated website and portal will need to be elaborated and implemented. Visible, virtual places (websites) on which tools and recommendations related to SPI can be found are very much needed.

Result 2: Prioritised research needs expressed by the CIS groups

ESTABLISHING A PRIORITISED LIST

The first milestone for the establishment of a list of prioritised research needs was the organisa-tion of the first CIS-SPI event which was held on 30 September 2010 in Brussels, addressing pol-icymakers, researchers and stakeholders (http://www.onema.fr/IMG/EV/cat1a-13.html). The nine parallel round tables organised at this event were aligned on the water themes addressed by the CIS groups (3) and on cross-cutting issues (4); they aimed to validate the research needs and identify the research and development gaps in relation to the implementation of the WFD.

Altogether, 59 research areas (representing about 180 specific research issues) were high-lighted (for details, see the CIS-SPI first event

3 Ecological status, chemical aspects, groundwater, floods, water scarcity and droughts, WFD and agricul-ture, and hydromorphology.

4 Socioeconomics, integrated river basin management plans/management and dissemination.

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report at http://www.onema.fr/IMG/EV/EV/plus/wsmp_report.pdf).

Moreover, the necessity to identify priority re-search needs was acknowledged. To obtain this prioritisation, a double-checking and updating of tasks was carried out with the CIS groups by SPI correspondents. The process relied on sev-eral ad hoc questionnaires and various methods chosen by the SPI correspondents in function of the specific needs of each group (see Annex I).

The methodology consisted of aggregating all SPI questionnaires with the objective of identi-fying around 10 research priorities for each CIS group and scoring them accordingly with regard to their priority (P), urgency (U) and knowledge (K). Respondents could also provide refer ences and comments on the research needs and identify possible new research needs. In order to analyse the results of all SPI questionnaires and prioritise the research needs, a common approach was needed. The basic method was based on the common scoring system used in the SPI questionnaire. The approach was based on the arithmetic mean of the priority score. The values were then ranked and only the values ranked 1 to 10 were kept. The scores obtained were then used for the prioritisation.

This exercise resulted in a more precise list, comprising around 10 priorities for each CIS group (see the final exhaustive list in Annex II).

Difficulties related to the finalisation of pri-oritised lists of CIS needs were encountered throughout the process. Despite the elaboration by the CIS-SPI activity of a unique questionnaire approach, the approaches used and the time needed by the various CIS groups for the vali-dation varied greatly. Whilst this variability is a positive asset of the exercise (since it provides a much broader framework for analysis regard-ing practices), the delays in responding made it difficult for the CIS-SPI activity to finalise the outputs and deliver them to programme funders and implementers in a timely manner. More-over, the prioritised research needs proved to be evolving during the process, making it difficult to produce a stable list.

UPTAKE BY EUROPEAN FUNDING ORGANISATIONS AND MECHANISMS

The list of research needs was given to the Euro-pean Commission to serve as an input in its elaboration of future research programmes. It is worth pointing out that several of the needs identified within the CIS-SPI activity were taken up in subsequent FP7 calls under the environ-ment theme (including climate change). Identi-fied needs also served as an additional input to DG Environment at the time when the blueprint to safeguard Europe’s water resources was be-ing developed.

By being part of the Stakeholder Advisory Group of the joint programming initiative (JPI) ‘Water challenges for a changing world’, the CIS-SPI activity had the opportunity to give the list of identified research needs to this initiative and feed into the JPI’s process for the elaboration of its strategic research agenda.

The second CIS-SPI event focused on the eco-system services approach (ESA) (see Result 5 below). One of the recommendations that emerged from this event was that the possibil-ity to set up a CIS activity related to the imple-mentation of the ESA for the WFD in line with the blueprint should be explored.

The CIS-SPI has also contributed to the Euro-pean innovation partnership for water (EIP water),facilitated by DG Environment. The intention here is to make the link between the innovation agenda and the need for new technical know-ledge of the WFD implementers and pass on the priority research needs arising from the CIS-SPI work to the EIP water.

MAIN LESSONS LEARNT

The exercise of prioritising research needs by the CIS groups can constitute a reliable source of in-formation for research-funding organisations to make European research more policy sensitive and orient it towards the implementation needs of the WFD. To do so, the CIS groups must be in a position to allocate adequate resources to it

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and address it as a core issue of their mandate. This does not seem to be the case currently, despite the good will and eagerness of the CIS groups’ members, who were obliged to carry out the SPI-related tasks on a best-effort basis and on top of their existing workload. As a result, the timing and quality aspects of the prioritisation exercise were somewhat hampered.

The fact that research needs will evolve along with the implementation of the WFD and as new knowledge comes through implies that the exercise of prioritising the CIS groups’ research needs to be repeated at regular intervals to al-low for a proper updating and dissemination.

Furthermore, it is recommended that cross-cutting themes, such as climate change, should be examined jointly by the various CIS thematic groups since its impacts bear consequences for the work of these groups. The development of a structured approach to identify, classify and prioritise research needs would allow better in-formation sharing, to the benefit of the future needs of end-users.

Future activities should comprise a continuous survey, an information system for gathering and sharing information and mechanisms for the dissemination of results and outputs. This structured approach requires implementing SPI methods within each CIS group which are sup-ported by a CIS-SPI transversal coordination ac-tivity.

Although the method of prioritising research needs via standard questionnaires proved use-ful in some WGs and enabled a good identifica-tion and dissemination of knowledge and needs among the CIS groups, it has to be improved for efficiency and timeliness, especially if conduct-ed and updated on a more regular basis.

Result 3: Mapping of existing research knowledge and initiatives of relevance to the CIS

Based on this prioritised list of research needs, a systematic overview of existing EU and, to a

lesser extent, nationally funded research pro-jects has been undertaken to identify research gaps. For each priority research need, an inven-tory and an analysis of the past or ongoing EU or nationally funded research was undertaken to identify whether the needs are, at least par-tially, covered.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND GENERAL METHODOLOGY

Various sources of information and research un-dertaken in different contexts were used for the analysis. The types of projects considered in the analysis were the following:

� FP6 and FP7 water-related projects;

� some projects identified by the CIS groups;

� a tentative mapping undertaken by the Euraqua network comprising national projects likely to cover CIS groups’ research needs;

� a partial mapping (5) of European research and development in the field of water carried out by the International Office for Water and used for this exercise.

In addition, the documents produced through the surveys undertaken by some CIS groups were used for this investigation, together with data from CORDIS and a partial mapping of re-search and development in the field of water in Europe undertaken by the International Office for Water in the context of the development of the joint programming initiative (JPI) in the field of water.

Contributions to the mapping of existing pro-jects were also made by the following.

� The WaterDiss2.0 project consortium used the research needs collected during the first CIS-SPI event to classify the 60 most CIS- relevant water-related projects funded by FP6 or FP7. During the following phase, a selection of 40 coordinators identified in

5 The context of the research was analysed in seven Member States (Germany, Spain, France, the Nether-lands, Portugal, Sweden and the United Kingdom).

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close relation with DG Research and Innova-tion project officers were contacted through a questionnaire in order to check the relevance of their project to the prioritised list of topics and to get their feedback about the avail-ability of relevant knowledge and research outputs. On the dashboard used to combine all information for each of the 60 projects, at least one research output is identified and its main characteristics described.

� A 10-year mapping of EU-funded water projects according to the topics of each CIS working group covering all FP6/FP7 themes and types of instruments (from collabora-tive projects (CPs) to specific international collaboration actions (SICAs) and supporting actions (SAs), from environment to infra-structure, European Research Council (ERC) and mobility of researchers) conducted by DG Research and Innovation (available from http://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index_en.cfm?pg=publications).

WG A AND WG E METHODS

The mapping exercise was also undertaken specifically by two CIS groups using their own methods, developed on the basis of the working principles chosen by the group and its SPI cor-respondent.

That led to two separate and comprehensive re-ports that can be found on CIRCABC in the group of interest ‘Implementing the water framework directive’, SPI folder in the working group and expert group folder, here.

� WG A studied the level of knowledge for each of the 10 priority topics. It produced an exten-sive synthesis report showing the available literature and level of knowledge for 10 top priorities.

� WG E noted that most of the topics with the highest research needs also have good knowledge availability. The group managed to compile available knowledge which will be made accessible on CIRCABC (see https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/5bf63ff3-b24b-4365-8a57-38e4d56b941c).

OUTCOMES AND LESSONS LEARNT

The detailed results of this mapping exercise are presented in Annex III through tables gath-ering the available literature and projects for each issue identified by the CIS groups.

The exercise demonstrated a need to improve the identification of ongoing and past research projects and results, and associated documen-tation, including where possible the identifica-tion of tools and other outputs useful for end-users.

The ‘mismatches’ identified from this ana-lysis clearly point to the fact that a substan-tial amount of existing and state-of-the-art re-search knowledge is not finding its way through to the policy implementation and is not being adequately appropriated by the CIS groups.

This underlines again to stress that a better use of the available knowledge would:

� prevent duplication and redundancy in research, therefore allowing for cost savings in the future;

� focus research resources and expertise more on unresolved issues and real needs.

It is also important that the wording of research needs expressed by policymakers is precisely stated to allow for a more precise guidance to the relevant research outputs.

Therefore, to improve the situation it is worth investigating three tracks in the future:

� to promote a continuous survey of research results and outputs and the sharing and transfer of related outputs to CIS groups to enable them to take these results on board in drafting their guidance documents, as well as to enable the groups to fast-track them to the appropriate policy implementation level at the national level (national, river basin, etc.);

� to better translate policy needs expressed by CIS groups into more precise research ques-tions to be taken up by the research commu-nity, and also allow for a better definition of research gaps;

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� to involve policymakers and regulators directly in the project and the research priori-tisation process with a view to steering the projects towards addressing policy needs and rendering research programmes more policy relevant; this will also facilitate a continu-ous information exchange between involved stakeholders, regulators and scientists.

These three actions require the information to be presented in an appropriate way following spe-cific templates defined according to the targeted audience (see Result 6 — Recommendation from the CIS–SPI on the policy briefs’ template).

In addition, an SPI activity may support the or-ganisation of efficient knowledge exchanges and stimulate needs-oriented information generation.

Result 4: Prioritised research gapsThe analysis of research gaps was based on the mapping of existing research projects and the material provided sometimes by the groups.

METHOD

Assessing whether the priority research needs are fully covered would require a specific in-vestigation by research expert(s) for each issue. However, based on the available information (issue-specific comments, literature and pro-jects), the following assumptions were used to identify the level of coverage of research issues identified by each CIS group against the back-drop of available knowledge.

� The absence of cited projects or literature demonstrates a research gap: additional research is probably necessary.

� The presence of projects or literature shows that the issue is at least partially covered: fur-ther investigation on this research issue would benefit from the existing projects and literature.

Some gaps are identified when a specific prior-ity research need is not at all covered by the col-lected information. It remains, however, possible that some of the identified research gaps may be covered by national or regional projects not identified in the mapping exercise at that stage.

RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNT

An outline of the level of coverage of research needs by available knowledge and the resulting research gaps is presented in Annex IV.

This exercise shows that most priority research needs identified by the CIS groups are already covered to a certain degree by one or several existing research projects. They can be covered by publications, showing an appropriate level of maturity, or by projects elaborating new relevant knowledge. During this exercise, some research issues were also deemed too vague to allow for a precise identification of relevant projects or research results addressing them.

If continued, the CIS-SPI activity could reinforce a cross-thematic approach throughout the re-search needs prioritised by each of the CIS groups. This could stimulate exchanges between the CIS groups on transversal approaches such as climate change.

The results of this exercise consist of identified research gaps that can then be communicated to various research-funding organisations for their consideration in drafting and finalising their future research programmes (e.g. DG Re-search and Innovation and the JPI on water).

Result 5: A series of SPI events to improve dialogue between the science and policy communitiesIn order to improve the transfer and usability of research outputs, three CIS-SPI events entitled ‘Water science meets policy’ have been organ-ised on a yearly basis.

The first event, organised in 2010, mainly helped to identify the research needs as de-scribed and addressed in previous parts of this report. The second event was more focused on the specific issue of the ecosystem services ap-proach in the context of the WFD implementa-tion, while the third event aimed at addressing the mechanisms identifying the factors and fa-cilitators for improving the knowledge transfer

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and the interfacing between science and policy themselves.

In addition, the CIS-SPI activity contributed to some other events or experiences of knowledge transfer organised to enhance the usability of research outputs.

FIRST CIS-SPI EVENT: IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH NEEDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WFD

Besides identifying research needs, the first CIS-SPI event (report: http://www.onema.fr/IMG/EV/EV/plus/wsmp_report.pdf), held in 2010, fo-cused on the analysis of research result dissem-ination and proposed improved ways to ensure an effective transfer of scientific knowledge to-wards WFD end-users.

A great number of recommendations were made towards a better transfer of research re-sults. They included, amongst others, the devel-opment of a topic- and audience-specific dis-semination network, the more systematic use of the CIS-SPI format for policy briefs, the promo-tion of WISE-RTD and the support of networks of demonstration projects to share experiences and case studies on practical applications.

Conclusions drawn on this occasion highlighted the need to move away from a sectoral vision to a more holistic approach and recognised that the inadequate dissemination of available re-search outputs is the major barrier to a better identification of research gaps.

It was recommended that this type of be re-peated.

SECOND CIS-SPI EVENT: WFD IMPLEMENTATION WHEN THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES APPROACH COMES INTO PLAY

Since the first CIS-SPI event had identified the role of ecosystem services as an outstanding cross-cutting issue for the implementation of

the WFD, their operationalisation in the imple-mentation of the WFD ecosystem services ap-proach was decided as the focus of the second CIS-SPI event (29–30 September 2011) (report: http://www.onema.fr/IMG/EV/meetings/ecosys-tem-services.pdf).

This second CIS-SPI event gathered policy-makers and scientists in order to exchange views about the links between the ecosystem services concept and the WFD. The plenary ses-sion dealt with the concept of the ESA, while the round tables discussed specific case stud-ies where the ESA had been tested in relation to water quantity and quality management, and hydromorphology.

The round tables made three recommendations in the field of improving the transfer and usabil-ity of research outputs.

1. In order to develop operational tools for bet-ter planning and operational frameworks which break out from silos, practical methods for valuation should be provided, conditions for increased public participation, awareness and decision-making should be created and more diverse ESA case studies are needed.

2. Further knowledge management efforts are necessary to compile existing experiences and generate lessons learned on water-related ecosystem services gained from the numerous Interreg and LIFE projects.

3. The planning of environmental education programmes and awareness-raising tools on aquatic ecosystem services and their importance for human well-being seem to be essential to raise awareness.

Feedback provided by the workshop participants clearly indicated a need to develop guidelines on ecosystem services application to the WFD implementation. A way to achieve this could be by setting up a temporary activity within the common implementation strategy (CIS) to develop operational guidelines for the ESA and to promote their implementation in the second river basin management plans (RBMPs). This work could be linked to the blueprint to safeguard Europe’s water resources in a timely manner, as

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well as to the work of the EU biodiversity strat-egy common implementation framework (CIF) which is tasked with developing tools for eco-system services mapping and assessment.

THIRD CIS-SPI EVENT: HOW TO STREAMLINE KNOWLEDGE TO ADDRESS WFD CHALLENGES

The third CIS-SPI event (14–15 November 2012) focused on how to improve the transfer and us-ability of the research outputs and promote knowledge-brokering practices and operational structures to streamline their implementation. Based on ‘SPI success stories’ in the water sec-tor, worldwide and at European, national and river basin levels, and their strengths and weak-nesses, the workshop had three main objectives:

1. to demonstrate the added value of a science–policy interface: success stories in the water sector regarding SPI activities worldwide and at European, national and river basin levels;

2. to elaborate on structures, mechanisms and actors to ensure an active, continuous, dynamic and sustainable science–policy interface in the CIS context;

3. to investigate methods and tools for know-ledge brokering and ‘customisation’ of the information to address the users’ needs at the various levels (EU, national, river basin), including cross-scaling issues, and realistic ways of addressing them within the current CIS structure.

The parallel round table sessions allowed elabo-ration of those objectives.

The report is expected to be finalised by Sep-tember 2013. The following recommendations can be drawn from the workshop about what should be done to improve the SPI in the CIS framework in terms of operational modalities:

� enhance involvement of stakeholders at different levels, including national and river basin levels and at different steps in the projects; associate decision-makers and pol-icymakers from the beginning of the projects,

thus also allowing identification of the lack of knowledge; run collaborative research actions with clearly defined priorities; and improve dialogue and communication between all the communities in a multi-disciplinary perspec-tive with the help of knowledge brokers and associated tools;

� at the EU level, three main actors are rel-evant for the SPI: the river basin district authorities, the national/Member State level together with the CIS groups and the European Commission (DG Environ-ment and DG Research and Innovation in this context); the river basin district authorities provide a good framework to keep the win-dows of opportunities open and allow for con-tinuity in the process and long-term planning;

� ensure close connection between European projects and the CIS groups, and between projects and policymakers, and rely on dedi-cated tools and mechanisms to provide scientific information to policymakersand get feedback from them; the uptake of research outputs at the river basin level should be enhanced; the development of demonstration sites would also help to con-vince end-users and policymakers of the added value of research results produced by projects.

As for the structure or working principles and actors, the workshop highlighted the following points.

� The most important factor to enhance the SPI in the CIS context is to make it a permanent activity based on committed people instead of an ad hoc activity: to be successful, such a move towards a more systematic activ-ity needs to rely on sustained, dedicated, appropriately resourced and trained people acting as knowledge brokers(such as SPI correspondents) and having this activity in their roadmaps; knowledge broker-ing has to be recognised and rewarded to promote the emergence of skilled experts.

� The SPI should be a CIS working principlespread across all levels of the CIS supported by an SPI network involving SPI correspond-

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ents closely connected to the works of the CIS groups and the overall CIS structure; it would be useful to give a clear mandate to CIS groups and their SPI correspondents to engage in a continuous and systematic appropriation of SPI-related activities and have the SPI as a regular point in their meeting agendas as well as cross-CIS group meetings to share SPI practices.

Useful mechanisms and tools were also identi-fied.

� Knowledge exchange has to be a con-tinuous process and its usefulness shared by all involved actors; closer contacts between CIS groups and research projects should be encouraged; the transfer and sharing of knowledge should be enhanced through tools, methods, guidance and repository; there should be elaboration on the most promising ways to disseminate scientific information such as thematic syntheses, policy briefs and ‘benefits briefs’ for the implementers.

� Effort (including time and funding) to assess existing research and raise awareness on existing tools and research outputsand prioritisation of research issues should be continuous as they are all key activities with a clear added value for both the research and the policy communities.

� A set of tools to access research, policy needs and accessible abstracts would greatly facilitate this process; information must be easily accessible; tools to deliver information should be defined jointly by the research community and the end-users.

� A methodology for the regular map-ping of research and the prioritisation of gaps should be developed to regularly feed research call programming at EU and national/regional levels.

� A better integration of the scales of relevance to the policy and management within the SPI process will allow the impacts of the SPI on them to be increased and better account to be taken of the interactions between them; it can be enhanced by implementing a knowl-edge brokering process at all levels.

� Consideration should be given to the organi-sation of thematic workshops focused on specific scientific questions which should be organised on a regular basis; this will also ensure the maintenance of contacts between policy and science.

ADDITIONAL EVENT: A NEW APPROACH TO A JOINT CIS-SPI/SCG WORKSHOP

A new approach to a joint CIS-SPI/SCG workshop was tried to directly inform CIS representatives about ongoing research activities with relevance to the CIS topics. Following a brainstorming meeting on 7 November 2011 among repre-sentatives from EU-funded research projects with relevance to the five areas of the CIS, an overview of the research results of these pro-jects was presented to the SCG on 8 November.

Copies of the presentations relating to the in-formation session on the SPI can be found on CIRCABC in the folder related to the presenta-tions given at this SCG meeting or here.

The outcomes of the meeting highlighted the following.

� Regarding the research projects: WGs and EGs are asked to provide specifications of the policy questions to be addressed which can be taken on board by the researchers. Practical suggestions made by the SCG included circula-tion of a one-page e-mail to policymakers with concise project summary and contact details.

� Regarding the policymakers: there is a request that the expected outcomes and results should be made known from the start of the project. Close interactions between research-ers and policymakers based on a constant feedback loop would improve results. Infor-mation and results of relevant research pro-jects should be displayed in one location so as not to be lost and to remain accessible even after the project websites are disabled after completion of the work.

Although there is still scope to improve events of this nature in the future in order to enhance their usefulness, this exercise was highly appre-

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ciated by both the research participants and the SCG members. However, further reflection will be necessary to come up with the most appro-priate format for events of this kind that would best fit the needs of the SCG.

THEMATIC CIS GROUP WORKSHOP

A 2–day conference of the Expert Group on Water Scarcity and Drought (WS & D) took place in Venice (Italy) on 13–14 October 2011. It was also attended by some members of the two working groups of the World Meteoro logical Organisation on hydrology and on climate. It gathered policymakers and Italian and other European researchers participating in European projects focusing on recurrent water scarcity and drought events, or climate change.

During the conference, the main ongoing re-search projects dealing with themes related to the challenge of conserving water resources and mitigating the impacts of climate change on water availability were presented.

The intention of this workshop was to gather scientists and policymakers to encourage them to exchange knowledge and needs.

As an introduction to this workshop, the CIS-SPI activity was presented by one of the co-leaders.

This EG WS & D thematic workshop was a con-crete exercise of science–policy interfacing.

Its value was appreciated by all the participants. Drawing from this very positive experience, through a communication made at one SCG meeting, the CIS-SPI activity recommended that the other CIS groups organise similar events in their areas of interest.

Events focusing on science and policy organised by European projects to facilitate the dissemi-nation of project outcomes are very efficient for the purpose of knowledge dissemination and the gathering of scientists and policymakers to address a particular implementation question.

Result 6: Policy briefs and other pilots for improving the transfer and usability of research outputs

THE SYSTEMATIC COMPILATION OF POLICY BRIEFS RELATED TO RESEARCH PROJECTS AND THEIR PUBLICATION ON CIRCABC

Policy briefs are often used by research projects to present, most of the time, their projects as a whole. To better inform CIS groups of exist-ing knowledge, at the beginning of the activity the CIS-SPI spent a year gathering policy briefs from existing projects and making them avail-able to policymakers through CIRCA/CIRCABC.

Links to these policy briefs can be found here on CIRCABC: public library, framework_directive > thematic_documents > relevant_research > science-policy_briefs.

Research consortia spend time producing these policy briefs and make them as policy-friendly as possible. However, they never receive any feedback on the use, if any, that policymakers or the CIS groups make of these briefs. Such feed-back to the research community is absolutely essential, first of all to maintain the momen-tum of these groups, but also to improve the format and content of these briefs and make them more beneficial for policymakers.

There is no formal evidence that policy briefs collected and published on CIRCABC have been used by policymakers or even by the CIS groups’ members.

Another related question is to assess whether or not CIRCABC is the best platform for this kind of exchange. The opinions are diverse among the SPI correspondents. And it was mentioned at the CIS-SPI internal meeting held in February 2012 that CIRCABC may not be the most appropriate website for river basin actors to access the in-formation.

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RECOMMENDATION FROM THE CIS-SPI ON THE POLICY BRIEFS’ TEMPLATE

Based on a review undertaken by the CIS-SPI activity, it appears that the policy briefs estab-lished by the projects can range from a brief description to a full article. In both cases, infor-mation is rarely of direct use to policymakers or implementers as results are too scientific and not operational enough to be directly exploited.

The distinction between a policy brief and a pro-ject fact sheet is often very fine. Sometimes a fact sheet could be seen as a policy brief, and vice versa. But they share similar project infor-mation (coordinator, duration, consortium, fund-ing) and in both cases they present one of the following:

� the project as a whole;

� the project as a whole in relation to the WFD;

� project outputs;

� project outputs related to one WFD article.

To address these shortcomings, the CIS-SPI ac-tivity has reflected on the appropriate format of the policy brief to improve the knowledge base of policymakers and practitioners. Based on the existing practices and expression of needs, a policy brief format has been elaborated by the CIS-SPI. It can be recommended and promoted as a unique policy brief format for EU-funded projects which should be asked to use it in the early as well as final phases to promote aware-

ness about the project’s objectives and to dis-seminate the final results.

The content of the policy brief should be adapted to the targeted audience. The guidelines pro-posed are adapted to the CIS groups’ purposes (see Annex V for a full example).

The CIS-SPI policy brief should:

� not exceed four pages;

� be translated into all the languages of the project with special attention given to trans-lation of the different fields;

� give keywords to facilitate searching for information in databases and search engines;

� have a specific field for the theme of the CIS group;

� clearly state the availability of the research outcomes;

� be stored in a specific area of a well-main-tained database (not necessarily on CIRCABC as it is not the easiest way for regional water stakeholders to get the information).

For each research outcome which addresses an article of the WFD or related directive, a policy brief should be written.

At the third CIS-SPI event, the need for policy briefs combining results from different research projects was also clearly highlighted.

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SPI correspondents in the CIS groupsAs explained in the section ‘Main results and de-liverables’, the CIS-SPI activity has relied on a CIS-SPI network to achieve its tasks.

The SPI correspondents in the CIS groups were intended to establish a bidirectional link be-tween the CIS-SPI ad hoc activity and the CIS groups. They mainly had to ensure that, on the one hand, the policy-relevant research needs were transmitted effectively to the SPI activity and, on the other hand, that important results

from relevant research projects were presented and made available to the CIS groups.

The main work of the SPI correspondents took place in the related CIS WGs and EGs, includ-ing questionnaire activities, documentation and involvement in an active knowledge exchange. They worked actively on options to fulfil the three main tasks of the CIS-SPI.

After several reminders addressed to the SCG and the water and marine directors, at the end of 2011 the SPI correspondents were as pre-sented in Table 1.

Management report

Group SPI correspondent (end 2011)

WG A — Ecological status Yorick Reyjol (ONEMA, France)WG C — Groundwater Dr Robert Ward (British Geological Survey, United Kingdom)WG E — Chemical aspects Dr Robert Kase (Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology —

Eawag, Switzerland)WG F — Floods Wouter Vanneuville (ERA-Net CRUE)EG Water and climate change Magdalena Mrkvickova (VUV, Czech Republic)EG Water scarcity and droughts Giuseppina Monacelli (Ispra, Italy)EG Water and agriculture Ville Keskisarja (DG Environment)

Group SPI correspondent (mid-2012)WG A — Ecological status Yorick Reyjol (ONEMA, France)

WG C — Groundwater Dr Robert Ward (British Geological Survey, United Kingdom)

WG E — Chemical aspects Dr Robert Kase (Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology — Eawag, Switzerland)

WG F — Floods Giuseppina Monacelli (Ispra, Italy)

EG Climate change No formal SPI correspondent.Jacques Delsalle (DG Environment) is the contact point.

EG Water scarcity and droughts Giuseppina Monacelli (Ispra, Italy)

EG Water and agriculture Nicolas Rouyer (DG Environment)

Table 1: SPI correspondents in 2011

Over time, several correspondents moved and not all of them were replaced. In mid-2012, the

CIS-SPI correspondents in the CIS groups were as presented in Table 2.

Table 2: SPI correspondents in 2012

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In the 3-year activity, it took more than a year to get most of the nominations for SPI cor-respondents and these nominations were not stable, leading to new nominations and delayed contributions.

For the future, it may be more efficient to set up the activity around a stable, recognised and dy-namic SPI nucleus across/within the CIS groups.

SPI network working principlesThe SPI correspondents were involved in the CIS-SPI activity mainly by e-mail with no addi-tional costs. They were gathered in a face-to-face meeting only once (in February 2012) dur-ing the entire period.

Yearly SPI events were the main occasions to gather the SPI correspondents and involve them more formally in organising the events and ac-tively taking part in them.

The general work overload of the CIS groups’ members who work on SPI aspects on a best-effort basis hampered significantly the timing and quality aspects of the research needs pri-oritisation exercise and, more generally, the in-volvement of SPI correspondents in the activity.

The CIS groups also contributed to the identifi-cation of the existing knowledge matching their needs.

The method used for that varied from one group to another, depending on the working principles chosen by the group and its SPI correspondent. CIS-SPI co-leaders chose not to give too strict a framework to the CIS groups for this exercise.

Finally, during the research gaps assessment exercise, each SPI correspondent was contacted systematically by the CIS-SPI team to try and find an answer to some questions that may have been raised in studying the CIS groups’ material. The level and timing of answers were again very diverse.

The diversity of practices followed by the dif-ferent groups hampered the overall quality of the outputs.

There is a need for more coordination of the work undertaken by CIS groups in connection with the SPI activity.

Identity of a CIS-SPI activityThe SPI correspondents’ viewpoints regarding the identity and visibility of the CIS-SPI may be summarised as follows.

� There is a need to give a real identity and visibility to the SPI activity (graphical identity, website, newsletter) and to foster the right format and right channel for the communica-tion of knowledge.

� Specific tools for the SPI activity (web-confer-ence, e-learning in different languages when necessary) are needed, and CIS groups should be provided with examples of clear messages based on objectives (to be more visible and operational) and methods (presenting tools to support internal communication as well as visibility from the outside).

� It is recommended to favour the continuation of face-to-face exchanges of information with tools allowing virtual exchanges (the discussion started during the meeting should be continued on an electronic platform when needed).

� In order to fight the time pressure and ensure the participation of members in common activities, the CIS-SPI group/activity should be confirmed and made sustainable.

In addition, a CIS-SPI activity should:

� combine different approaches to conducting surveys (questionnaires, specific meetings, encouraging SPI correspondents to partici-pate in other groups’ meetings);

� adapt the format of these actions (docu-ments, meetings) to the time constraints of responders;

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� highlight the CIS-SPI objectives to facilitate the exchange of information among working and expert groups.

Reports to the Strategic Coordination Group and the Water and Marine Directors’ Group meetingsEstablished by the European water and marine directors (WMD) in 2009, the CIS-SPI ad hoc activity regularly reported to the SCG meetings and the European water and marine directors’ meetings since its start.

All the progress reports are available on CIRCABC.

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Decision-makers are increasingly calling for scientific evidence to support them in policy-making. Practitioners are asking for science-based guidance for the formulation of cost-effective management measures in compliance with legislation.

To favour the good implementation of legisla-tion, avoiding costly corrective measures, it is evident that science matters a lot for the estab-lishment and implementation of effective water policies.

As demonstrated by the CIS-SPI activity 2010–12, a sustainable science–policy interface within the common implementation strategy of the water framework directive could, if properly im-plemented, secure the uptake of research out-comes and therefore better knowledge-based decisions throughout the policy cycle (from policy design to implementation, monitoring and review).

This interface would provide a platform for a more integrated and participatory process in which researchers, policymakers and practition-ers interact and jointly agree and set priorities about the most pressing policy challenges, the research needed to address them and ways to improve the transfer of accrued knowledge to-wards policy implementation.

The CIS-SPI activity trialled in the period 2010–12 has notably triggered a research needs identification and prioritisation exercise and attempted to set up operational ways of transferring research outcomes and knowledge

to support the implementation of the water framework directive.

A methodology essentially based on standard questionnaires and annual workshops has been progressively implemented with the help of SPI correspondents belonging to the various CIS ex-pert groups and working groups.

Those CIS groups have developed a range of ap-proaches bringing together scientists and policy implementers to identify needs, draft policy briefs and prioritise research questions.

This activity ultimately led to the consolidation of a list of research needs which will be commu-nicated to organisations in Europe that finance European, national or regional research and in-novation programmes.

To ensure that research needs are continuously updated and take account of the policy evolu-tion and scientific achievements, the cycle of activities described above will have to be re-peated on a regular basis.

Such prioritisation would find a unique window of opportunity at a time when the EU is decid-ing on Horizon 2020 — the next EU framework programme for research and technological de-velopment for the period 2014–20 — and at a time when the joint programming initiative on water is progressively being implemented by the owners and managers of the water-related national research programmes from 16 Mem-ber States (http://www.waterjpi.eu).

Outlook and perspective

28

In addition, an improved uptake of knowledge by CIS groups is still needed and several new approaches or tools are worth being tested and implemented within the CIS structure.

Although still of an experimental nature, this CIS-SPI activity 2010–12 has brought to the surface the rich diversity of SPI approaches within the CIS, some of which could be further benchmarked, fine-tuned and upscaled in the future to strengthen and promote a more sus-tainable SPI activity at the EU level.

The SPI community of practice, including a net-work of SPI correspondents, can with some ad-justments play a pivotal role in the future in en-suring a continuous communication of research results to the appropriate policy implementation level.

Overall, there is no doubt that the CIS-SPI activ-ity, once further strengthened and operational-ised, will be called on to play a significant role in defining water research agendas in the current context of increased European coordination at EU and national levels and at a time when the blueprint for safeguarding Europe’s water re-sources should be followed by implementation.

29

Recommendation 1Move from an ad hoc experience of the SPI activ-ity towards a more sustainable and systematic one; this needs to rely on sustained, dedicated, appropriately resourced and trained people act-ing as SPI correspondents (such as knowledge brokers) having this activity in their agendas and mandates and thus avoiding potential con-flicts of interest in time management with other tasks. Knowledge brokering has to be recog-nised and rewarded to promote the emergence of skilled experts; the availability of budget/re-sources for knowledge brokering may help. By adopting these new approaches, one can expect a significant improvement in the current situa-tion which is based on the best efforts of a very few people already overloaded with other tasks; this would add significantly to the effectiveness of the process.

Recommendation 2Adopt the SPI as a pervasive CIS working prin-ciple and mainstream the SPI objectives and methodologies across all levels of the CIS in order to improve efficiency and consolidate today’s very diverse SPI approaches by the CIS groups. Improve the active knowledge exchange directly within the CIS groups by making an ef-ficient use of internal and external expertise on a needs-oriented basis. These could include for-malising the requirement for CIS-SPI activities in each CIS group by requiring the mandates to specify this. A successful trust-building in a con-tinuous SPI activity could significantly improve participation at all levels as well as increase SPI involvement from all Member States.

Recommendation 3Enhance the transfer and sharing of knowledge and experience focusing on CIS themes, in par-ticular at the river basin level, test various tools and methods to facilitate this transfer in close connection with experts of CIS, develop and promote guidance for the concrete transfer of knowledge resulting from EU and national R & D projects, and agree on repositories and invent alert systems to reach policymakers and imple-menters from the EU to the catchment scale.

Recommendation 4Consolidate and implement a methodology for a regular and more frequent mapping of research and the prioritisation of research gaps to regu-larly feed into research call programming at EU and national or regional levels.

Recommendation 5Develop an ‘archive’ of successful past projects, by making information included on specialised project websites available even after the termi-nation of the project.

Recommendation 6Internationalise the CIS-SPI experience in con-nection with the SPI elements of the ministerial declaration resulting from WWF6.

Recommendation 7Explore the possibility for a new follow-up CIS activity on guidance for applying an ecosystem services approach (ESA) in support of the imple-mentation of the WFD.

Based on the experience gained during this 3-year mandate of an ad hoc experi-mental CIS-SPI activity, several recommendations may be made for the future if a continuous science–policy interface is to be carried out in the context of the CIS.

Main recommendations for the future

30

Recipients: WG C Member States’ representatives and stakeholder associations

Actions: Completion of questionnaire (see below for instructions) by 15 November 2011 and return to Rob Ward (rswa@bgs.ac.uk) and Marie-Perrine Durot (marie-perrine.durot@onema.fr)

CONTEXT AND PURPOSE OF THE UPDATE

In December 2009, the water directors of the European Union established an ad hoc activity on water science–policy interface (SPI-CIS) under the common implementation strategy (CIS) of the wa-ter framework directive. The SPI-CIS activity aims to establish working relationships among research projects and WFD implementers. In this perspective, the mandate of the CIS-SPI activity includes three tasks for the period 2010–12:

— Task 1: establish an inventory of research and implementation needs from CIS groups;

— Task 2: identify available relevant research outputs and research gaps;

— Task 3: improve transfer/communication and usability of research outputs.

In 2010, a questionnaire was sent to CIS groups to identify research needs and technical require-ments to enable WFD implementation. The results of this work were presented and discussed in the ‘1st SPI event’ organised by EC DG Research and Innovation and ONEMA on 30 September 2010. The full report can be downloaded from:

http://circa.europa.eu/Members/irc/env/wfd/library?l=/framework_directive/thematic_documents/rel-evant_research/cis-spi_2011

Annex I — Prioritisation exercise: questionnaire and methodsQuestionnaire proposed to the CIS groups — example from WG C

ANNEXES

WG C GroundwaterUpdate and prioritisation of the research and implementation needs

in support of the WFDAd hoc activity on water science–policy interface (SPI-CIS)

31

The identification of research needs has been a successful process, but there was not sufficient time to discuss research priorities and links to policy milestones associated with the different research issues. Most importantly, concern was expressed because it was not possible to provide a prioritised and final list of research needs and gaps due to an incomplete overview of the inventory of exist-ing knowledge from completed research (results from recent R & D projects from EU and national programmes). It was agreed that more time and attention should be dedicated to these issues in future steps.

Therefore, the main objectives of this consultation are to:

1) update and specify research needs on the basis of the ‘1st SPI event’ outcomes (Task 1);

2) collect information on available knowledge in order to prioritise research gaps (Task 2);

3) identify priority topics for dissemination and knowledge transfer (Task 3).

With the comparison of the needs and the available knowledge it should be possible to prioritise research gaps and to select issues that require dedicated efforts for transfer and dissemination. Re-sults collected will be analysed and sent to the CIS-SPI ad hoc activity team who will compile results from all CIS groups.

We look forward to receiving yours contributions by 15/11/2011 by e-mail (SPI corre-spondent rswa@bgs.ac.uk and frederique.martini@onema.fr).

UPDATE AND SPECIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION NEEDS

The update exercise is based on a draft table of research needs identified at the SPI event ‘Water sci-ence meets policy’, common implementation strategy (CIS) of the water framework directive (WFD) held on 30 September 2010. An extract and summary of the research needs is provided in the annex to this questionnaire.

Please update and amend the table in the annex according to the following guidelines:

1. Update the list of research areas/issues

- Add any research area(s) or issue(s) that were not identified in 2010. You can add new research topics within a research area or new research areas. Please add a short descrip-tion of any new research issue/area in the column labelled ‘comment’. Please, highlight any added line(s) in the grey part of the project list (see below).

- Identify any research area or issue that is no longer relevant (already covered, deadline for WFD implementation passed, etc.). Please highlight the concerned cell(s)/line in blue colour and justify it with a specific comment.

32

2. Specify the list of research areas/issues

a) Priority of the given research for the WFD (or other related/sister directive, e.g. groundwater directive)

Please specify (or review if this is already filled in) for each research issue the ‘criticality’ or importance of the research issue for a given step/deadline associated with the WFD (or other related/sister directive):

- High (3 points): These would be research issues that are essential to achieve implementa-tion of a WFD (or sister directive) milestone or process identified by WG C.

- Medium (2 points): This would include research issues which would provide significant sup-port to implementation of a WFD (or sister directive) milestone or process identified by WG C.

- Low (1 point): This would include research issues which are not directly required to achieve a WFD (or sister directive) milestones or process identified by WG C.

b) ‘Urgency’ for receiving usable results

Please specify (or review if this is already filled in) for each research issue a target period for receiv-ing usable research outputs linked to WFD milestones or WFD processes (1st RBMP, implementation, 1st programmes of measures, review of a particular provision of the WFD or sister Directive, 2nd RBMP elaboration, etc.):

- High: 1 to 2 years (3 points): This would include where every research result/output is needed for a policy milestone or process before the end of 2013.

- Medium: 3 to 5 years (2 points): This would include where every research result/output is needed for a policy milestone or process between 2014 and 2016.

- Low: 5 years and above (1 point): This would include where every research result/output is needed for a policy milestone or process after 2016.

c) Knowledge importance

Please specify the scientific need for new knowledge in this field in comparison to the available knowledge

- High (3 points): This would include research topics that are not sufficiently covered by ex-isting research projects at the EU or national level.

- Medium (2 points): This would include research topics which are partially covered by exist-ing research projects at the EU level or national level.

- Low (1 point): This would include research topics that are already covered by existing re-search projects at the EU level or national level.

d) Literature

Compilation of recent research outcomes, reports and literature, and current research numerically related to the available research topics (see Point 3 below).

Please note that available knowledge could be shared within WG C and on CIRCA: by sending all rel-evant documents to your SPI correspondent Rob Ward by 15 November 2011.

33

SUMMARY

Only three steps to identify your research needs:

1) Please insert a score between 1–3 in the research issues list (see below) for the following criteria: priority, urgency, knowledge importance.

2) Please add any additional new research topics into the grey marked rows in the work-ing list below which are currently not covered by the listed issues but are very important from your point of view. Please use the criteria sys-tem like for the existing research topics and add a short description of this topic and a justifica-tion for prioritisation.

3) Please send any related literature (or links) attached to the e-mail return from ongo-ing projects and recent research outcomes (re-ports, literature) and identify it with the numeri-cal system which is proposed in the attached list (e.g. 2.1/2.2/3.2, Report on pesticide use 2010). Each classification will have the same value and counted as one literature point. Please use not

more than three classifications, but you are al-lowed to use one classification several times to weight your literature. Please fill in the name and chosen classification of the available literature in the related rows in the work-ing list below. This helps us to know where re-cent knowledge is available and to compare it with the needs.

We expect that you will need less than 1 hour work for the whole query. Please return only one questionnaire response per Member State or stakeholder association with your com-ments and the related literature to (rswa@bgs.ac.uk and frederique.martini@onema.fr) by 15 November 2011.

A short overview of the received comments will be available at the following WG C meet-ing (spring 2012) and more detailed information will also be available on CIRCA afterwards.

Thank you for your contribution to identify the research needs of the WG C, and please do not hesitate to contact us for remaining questions.

Sincerely yoursRob Wardrswa@bgs.ac.ukphone: +441491692411 British Geological Survey

Frederique Martinifrederique.martini@onema.frEuropean Affairs

34

ANNEX: WORKING LIST OF RESEARCH AREAS — ISSUES FOR WG C GROUNDWATER

A more detailed description of the presented research topics is available in the attached round table document ‘Water science meets policy’ event common implementation strategy (CIS) of the water framework directive (WFD), 30 September 2010 — Brussels.

Research issue SpecificationPriority score

Urgency score

Knowl-edge score

Available literature

Comment

1. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

1.1. Effects on ground-water level by de-mand (abstraction).

3 1

1.2. Surface water — groundwater changes in interaction

3 1

1.3. Production of bio-fuels and effects on groundwater

3 1

1.4. Changes in ground-water —chemistry/ quality due to cli-mate change

3 1

1.5. Changes in ground-water quantity/availability

3 1

1.6. Changes in ground-water —temperature and resulting effects

3 1

1.7. Groundwater and en-ergy production (e.g. thermal energy)

3 1

1.8. Extreme rainfall events and groundwater, e.g. microbiological pollu-tion and impacts on drinking water supply

3 1

1.9. Potential impact of CO2 storage (qual-ity and quantity)

3 1

1.10. Methodology to as-sess groundwater vulnerability to climate change (primary and secondary effects), visualisation tools

3 1

35

2. Groundwater dependent ecosystems

2.1. Ecosystem require-ments — classi-fication system

3 2

2.2. Classification of GW fluctuation/hydrology

3 2

2.3. Criteria for envir-onmental quali-ty objectives

3 2

2.4. Ecosystems in the un-saturated and hyporheic zones (and relevance for processes for sur-face water–ground-water interaction)

2 2

3. Groundwater ecosystems

3.1. Recital 20 of the GW directive

3

3.2. Typology 3

3.3. Elements for status classification

3

4. Urban areas

4.1. Effects of urban areas on groundwater (quantity and quality)

2

4.2. Assessment tools 2

5. Pollutants

5.1. Pollutants fate and be-haviour (transfer times, processes and sources)

2

5.2. Emerging pollutants 3

5.3. Good understanding of the process involved in the degradation of emerging pollutants needed (soil, unsatu-rated zone, degrada-tion products, etc.)

3

5.4. Assessment cri-teria, environmen-tal objectives

36

6. Programmes of measures

6.1. Managed aqui-fer recharge 3 1

6.2. Interactions between policy options 2

6.3. Assessing the effi-ciency of measures in agriculture

3

Additional research issues

37

DETAILS AND ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF PRIORITISATION CHOSEN BY THE CIS GROUPS

The diverse prioritisation methods used by the CIS working groups during the exercise are summa-rised in Table 3.

Group Prioritisation exercise

Ecological status (WG A)

A discussion was organised within the WG to reach a validated list of 10 priority research issues. Several scientific experts and scientific officers contributed to investigate these issues and bring the available knowledge in summer 2012.

Groundwater (WG C) Five principal topic areas were identified by WG C and during the 1st SPI event in 2010. These formed the basis of the questionnaire which received 20 responses (17 from Member States and three from NGOs). Some new needs for knowledge were added at this stage with 30 additional topics identified. The SPI correspondent analysed the results to draw out the key priorities in July 2012 and the findings were presented, discussed and agreed at the WG C meeting in October 2012.

Chemical aspects (WG E)

Twenty-three topics relevant for WG E were identified at the 1st SPI event. This list was evaluated by 13 nations represented in the WG E from October 2011 to January 2012. Then the ‘needs’ were ranked according to the criteria: priority, urgency and scientifically knowledge needs with an easy scoring system (High 3 / Medium 2 / Low 1).

The results were presented at the 15th WG E meeting on 14 March 2012.

Sixteen additional prioritised topics for further research need from WG E members were included to a final prioritisation list.

Floods (WG F) Some discussions were conducted on this topic during WG F workshops in Norway, Austria/Slovenia, Scotland, Belgium and Italy and led to the prioritisation of needs and identification of available knowledge.

A further discussion with the WG on available knowledge was conducted at its meeting in October 2012.

EG Water scarcity and droughts

The questionnaire was circulated within the EG. Few answers were received. Some feedback was given to the EG at the meeting in September 2012 with a view to consolidating the existing knowledge review and hence determining the research gaps.

EG Water and agriculture

The EG identified research needs in the area of water protection in agriculture at the occasion of one of its meetings.

The exercise of identification of existing knowledge was undertaken in August 2012 but provided no feedback from the EG members. No further prioritisation.

EG Water and climate change

The SPI correspondent achieved identifying research needs with the EG. After her changing of position in January 2012 CIS-SPI had no more effective contact with the EG. No further prioritisation.

Table 3: Methods used for prioritisation of research needs in each CIS group

38

Annex II — Priority list of research needs: CIS groups

Priority Topic

WG A Ecological status 1. To overcome knowledge gaps for transitional and coastal waters

2. To overcome knowledge gaps for lakes

3. To analyse more carefully the links between ecotoxicological tools and biological assessment tools based on the structure of biological communities

4. To overcome difficulties in assessing ecological status in temporary streams

5. To reinforce the knowledge concerning uncertainties

6. To build pressure–impact models for a better spatial extrapolation of the ecological status

7. To clarify links between hydromorphological pressures and biological responses

8. To develop functional assessment tools based on trophic networks to complement tools based on community structure attributes — assess the links with resilience and stability

9. To clarify the links between global changes (climate, fragmentation, exotics) and ecosystem functioning and assessment tools

10. To reinforce the knowledge on relationships between good ecological status (GES), biodiversity and ecosystem services

WG C Groundwater 1. Evaluation of the efficiency of measures implemented to deal with agricultural sources of diffuse pollution that are causing failure of objectives and/or putting groundwater bodies at risk

2. Better understanding of the impacts on surface water–groundwater interaction arising from climate change

3. Identifying and assessing the impacts of new/emerging pressures on groundwater, e.g. the exploitation for unconventional hydrocarbons (shale gas) and the associated environmental impacts

4. Emerging pollutant fate and behaviour. This includes understanding the processes involved in the degradation of emerging pollutants within the sub-surface (soil and unsaturated zone) and degradation/transformation products

5. Establishment of a classification system (status) for groundwater-dependent ecosystems and their associated environmental objectives/standards/threshold values

6. The effects of climate change on long-term water resource availability and sustainability of supply (abstraction)

7. The impacts of climate change and associated environmental change factors on groundwater quality

8. Development of tools, techniques and methodologies to assess the sensitivity and vulnerability of groundwater to climate change

9. Development of assessment criteria and environmental objectives related to emerging pollutants, including establishment of pan-European consistent approach to classifying hazardous and non-hazardous pollutants

39

Priority Topic

10. Establishment of an effective research programme that specifically addresses recital 20 of the groundwater directive

WG E Chemical aspects

1. Development and improvement of suitable harmonised analytical procedures for new priority substances

2. Harmonisation of knowledge basis and strategic approaches for chemicals in European policies

3. Relationships between ecological, chemical and biological status needs to be studied

4. Development and improvement of sampling procedures and techniques for existing and new priority substances

5. Non-target analysis and screening

6. Review and testing of EQS

7. Relationship and interactions between concentrations of priority substances in the three matrixes: water, sediment and biota

8. Development of bio-indicators/bio-assays for groups of substances

9. Use of ecotoxicology tools to link chemical and ecological status

10. Identification of possible future priority substances

11. Investigation of the behaviour/effects of mixtures of hazardous substances in the water environment, including synergistic effects

WG F Floods 1. How to define an ‘acceptable level’ of flood risk and how to deal with the residual risk?

2. The ability to quantify the hydrological or other effects of combinations of different actions across a catchment and, in particular, the effect of more natural approaches

3. What are the most appropriate methods for mapping social and environmental risk and risk to cultural heritage?

4. Groundwater flooding

5. Mapping potential for lake, tsunamis and landslip

6. Communication tools, training/education programmes and feedback mechanisms related to the use of flood maps

7. Understanding, calculating and presenting uncertainty, including the influence of DTM accuracy

8. How to coordinate elaboration of objectives in national and international settings?

9. Integrated risk management combining protection, prevention and preparedness

10. Risk management should take into account the quality of the water bodies. Some river-dependent ecosystems require a minimum flooding

11. Coastal: more investigation needed on: storm winds, air pressure, tide dynamics

40

Priority Topic

EG AGRI

Water and agriculture

1. Designing farmers’ incentives to support WFD implementation

2. Address questions related to the effect of WFD implementation measures

3. Assessing the interaction between surface and groundwater in agricultural catchments

EG CC & W

Water and climate

1. Methodological tools for eco-design for various industries

Forecasting climate change scenarios

2. Energy efficiency of all the water supply chain

Desalination using renewable energy

3. Effective adaptation measures

Harnessing energy — recovery

4. Nutrient removal in concentrated streams, recovery and reuse

Climate change challenges, storm water and energy

5. Cope with the impacts of climate change with more rainfall especially during winter and more extreme weather events, e.g. increased risk of faecal pollution and increase of NOM in raw for drinking water supply

How to plan and favour measures that are robust and flexible to uncertainty in future climate?

EG WS & D

Water scarcity and droughts

1. Application of common indicators in EU river basins

2. Development of prolonged drought indicators

3. Impacts on water availability resources

4. Assessing available surface and groundwater water resources and estimating water demands under the current situation and under predicted climate change conditions (water supply, water demand balance at basin level)

5. Impacts on ecosystems

6. Intensification of the water cycle. Extreme events

7. Interactions between climate change and agricultural, social and demographic changes

8. Regional climate models (RCMs)

9. Methodologies to assess WS & D economical impacts

41

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ed f

or it

; the

sam

e re

ason

ing

can

be a

pplie

d to

oth

er e

cono

mic

sec

tors

.ht

tp://

ww

w.a

cqw

a.ch

/

ECO

WAT

ER (F

P7)

Mes

o-le

vel e

co-e

ffic

ienc

y in

dica

tors

to

asse

ss t

echn

olog

ies

and

thei

r up

take

in w

ater

us

e se

ctor

s ht

tp://

envi

ron.

chem

eng.

ntua

.gr/e

cow

ater

/Use

rFile

s/fil

es/E

coW

ater

_Fac

tshe

et.p

df

E4W

ATER

(FP7

)Ec

onom

ical

ly a

nd E

colo

gica

lly E

ffic

ient

Wat

er M

anag

emen

t in

the

Eur

opea

n Ch

emic

al

Indu

stry

http

://w

ww

.e4w

ater

.eu/

4. A

sses

sing

ava

ilabl

e su

r-fa

ce a

nd g

roun

dwat

er w

ater

re

sour

ces

and

estim

atin

g w

ater

dem

ands

und

er t

he

curr

ent

situ

atio

n an

d un

der

pred

icte

d cl

imat

e ch

ange

co

nditi

ons

at b

asin

leve

l, an

d lo

ok f

orw

ard

to s

eein

g th

e re

-su

lts o

f th

e on

goin

g pr

ojec

ts

4.8.

Des

alin

atio

n us

ing

rene

wab

le

ener

gy

RED

DES

(FP6

)Re

new

able

Ene

rgy

Driv

en D

esal

inat

ion

Syst

ems.

MED

ESO

L (F

P6)

Seaw

ater

des

alin

atio

n by

inno

vativ

e so

lar-

pow

ered

mem

bran

e-di

still

atio

n sy

stem

MED

INA

(FP6

)M

embr

ane-

base

d D

esal

inat

ion:

an

Inte

grat

ed A

ppro

ach

http

://w

ww

.med

inap

roje

ct.e

u/pu

plic

/hom

e.ph

p

AQU

ASO

L (F

P6)

Enha

nced

zer

o di

scha

rge

seaw

ater

des

alin

atio

n us

ing

hybr

id s

olar

tec

hnol

ogy

http

://w

ww

.idae

a.cs

ic.e

s/in

nova

-med

/aga

dir

%20

lect

ures

/mal

ato2

.pdf

DES

OL

(FP6

)Lo

w-c

ost,

low

-ene

rgy

tech

nolo

gy t

o de

salin

ate

wat

er in

to p

otab

le w

ater

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

lib.

docu

men

t&D

OC_

LAN

G_I

D=E

N&

DO

C_ID

=121

6251

11&

q=

43

Expe

rt G

roup

on

Wat

er a

nd C

limat

e Ch

ange

Rese

arch

are

aRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

6.2.

Eff

ectiv

e ad

ap-

tatio

n m

easu

res

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

n ht

tp://

ww

w.w

asse

rmed

.eu/

REFR

ESH

(FP7

)Ad

aptiv

e st

rate

gies

to

miti

gate

the

impa

cts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

on

Euro

pean

fre

shw

a-te

r ec

osys

tem

s ht

tp://

ww

w.re

fres

h.uc

l.ac.

uk/

CLIM

ATEW

ATER

(FP7

)Br

idgi

ng t

he g

ap b

etw

een

adap

tatio

n st

rate

gies

of

clim

ate

chan

ge im

pact

s an

d Eu

ro-

pean

wat

er p

olic

ies

http

://w

ww

.clim

atew

ater

.org

/wp.

php

5. U

nder

stan

ding

sce

nario

s fo

r gr

owth

in h

ydro

pow

er a

s a

clim

ate

chan

ge r

espo

nse

and

the

leve

l of

conf

lict

with

WFD

obj

ectiv

es

5.7.

Har

ness

ing

ener

gy —

rec

over

yIN

NER

SIN

Nov

ativ

e En

ergy

Rec

over

y St

rate

gies

in t

he u

rban

wat

er c

ycle

http

://w

ww

.inne

rs.e

u/

6.3.

Nut

rient

re-

mov

al in

con

cen-

trat

ed s

trea

ms,

re

cove

ry a

nd r

euse

INN

OVA

-MED

(FP7

)In

nova

tive

proc

esse

s an

d pr

actic

es f

or w

aste

wat

er t

reat

-m

ent

and

reus

e in

the

Med

iterr

anea

n re

gion

WAT

EREU

S-M

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er r

euse

in M

edite

rran

ean

coun

trie

sht

tp://

cord

is.e

urop

a.eu

/pro

ject

s/rc

n/10

4485

_en.

htm

l

6.1.

Clim

ate

chan

ge

chal

leng

es, s

torm

w

ater

and

ene

rgy

RISK

BAS

E (F

P7)

Tow

ards

ris

k-ba

sed

man

agem

ent

of E

urop

ean

river

bas

ins:

key

fin

ding

s an

d r

ecom

-m

enda

tions

of

the

RISK

BAS

E pr

ojec

tht

tp://

cord

is.e

urop

a.eu

/sea

rch/

inde

x.cf

m?f

usea

ctio

n=pr

oj.d

ocum

ent&

PJ_L

ANG

=EN

&PJ

_RC

N=8

8248

36&

pid=

5&q=

DE7

1E45

3E1B

DD

0453

F731

1E03

F7EE

86B&

type

=sim

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s:ht

tp://

ww

w.w

ater

plan

.wat

er.c

a.go

v/cw

pu20

09/in

dex.

cfm

44

Expe

rt G

roup

on

Wat

er a

nd C

limat

e Ch

ange

Rese

arch

are

aRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

6.5.

Cop

e w

ith t

he

impa

cts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

with

mor

e ra

infa

ll es

peci

ally

du

ring

win

ter

and

mor

e ex

trem

e w

ea-

ther

eve

nts,

e.g

. in-

crea

sed

risk

of f

aeca

l po

llutio

n an

d in

crea

se

of N

OM

in r

aw f

or

drin

king

wat

er s

uppl

y

SCEN

ES (F

P6)

Wat

er S

cena

rios

for

Euro

pe a

nd f

or N

eigh

bour

ing

Stat

esht

tp://

ww

w.e

nviro

nmen

t.fi/d

efau

lt.as

p?co

nten

tid=3

7914

7&la

n=EN

RISK

BAS

E (F

P7)

Tow

ards

ris

k-ba

sed

man

agem

ent

of E

urop

ean

river

bas

ins:

Key

fin

ding

s an

d re

com

-m

enda

tions

of

the

RISK

BAS

E pr

ojec

tht

tp://

cord

is.e

urop

a.eu

/sea

rch/

inde

x.cf

m?f

usea

ctio

n=pr

oj.d

ocum

ent&

PJ_L

ANG

=EN

&PJ

_RC

N=8

8248

36&

pid=

5&q=

DE7

1E45

3E1B

DD

0453

F731

1E03

F7EE

86B&

type

=sim

VIRO

CLIM

E (F

P7)

Impa

ct o

f cl

imat

e ch

ange

on

the

tran

spor

t, fa

te a

nd r

isk

man

agem

ent

of v

iral p

atho

-ge

ns in

wat

erht

tp://

ww

w.v

irocl

ime.

org/

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: N

VE, C

onta

ct: H

ege

His

dal,

NVE

2. B

ette

r un

ders

tand

ing

if w

ater

mon

itorin

g ne

twor

ks

in E

urop

e (e

.g. t

hose

for

W

FD) a

re s

et u

p in

a w

ay

that

will

bes

t al

low

iden

ti-fic

atio

n an

d at

trib

utio

n of

cl

imat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

2.1.

How

to

plan

and

fa

vour

mea

sure

s th

at

are

robu

st a

nd f

lex-

ible

to

unce

rtai

nty

in f

utur

e cl

imat

e?

In t

his

inst

ance

too

ls f

or a

sses

smen

t an

d/or

a li

brar

y of

eff

ectiv

e ad

apta

-tio

n m

easu

res

wou

ld b

e ve

ry u

sefu

l to

riv

er b

asin

man

agem

ent

plan

ners

. Ev

alua

ting

optio

ns t

hat

will

be

effe

c-tiv

e in

ada

ptin

g to

clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd

min

imis

e co

ntrib

utio

n to

fut

ure

clim

ate

chan

ge. T

he id

entif

icat

ion

of a

dapt

atio

n an

d ca

tchm

ent

man

agem

ent

optio

ns

that

rem

ain

effe

ctiv

e as

the

clim

ate

chan

ges.

Cho

osin

g op

tions

to

cope

with

an

unc

erta

in c

limat

e. P

artic

ular

foc

us

on: c

limat

e ch

ange

cha

lleng

es, s

torm

w

ater

and

ene

rgy;

nut

rient

rem

oval

in

conc

entr

ated

str

eam

s, r

ecov

ery

and

reus

e; w

aste

wat

er a

dvan

ced

trea

t-m

ents

for

dire

ct r

euse

(agr

icul

ture

, in

dust

ry);

cope

with

the

impa

cts

of

clim

ate

chan

ge w

ith m

ore

rain

fall

espe

cial

ly d

urin

g w

inte

r an

d m

ore

extr

eme

wea

ther

eve

nts,

e.g

. inc

reas

ed

risk

of f

ecal

pol

lutio

n an

d in

crea

se o

f N

OM

in r

aw f

or d

rinki

ng w

ater

sup

ply

ACQ

WA

Asse

ssin

g Cl

imat

e im

pact

s on

the

Qua

ntity

and

qua

lity

of W

ater

http

://w

ww

.acq

wa.

ch/

CLIM

WAT

ADAP

TCl

imat

e ad

apta

tion

— m

odel

ling

wat

er s

cena

rios

and

sect

oral

impa

cts

http

://w

ww

.clim

wat

adap

t.eu/

BIO

FRES

H (F

P7)

Biod

iver

sity

of

fres

hwat

er e

cosy

stem

s: s

tatu

s, t

rend

s, p

res-

sure

s an

d co

nser

vatio

n pr

iorit

ies

http

://w

ww

.fres

hwat

erbi

odiv

ersi

ty.e

u/

CIRC

E (F

P6)

Clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd im

pact

res

earc

h: t

he M

edite

rran

ean

envi

ronm

ent

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.doc

umen

t&PJ

_LAN

G=E

N&

PJ_

RCN

=977

6097

&pi

d=2&

q=1A

C5F0

3B53

4B08

478C

B3D

ABC7

478F

776&

type

=sim

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: C

LIM

B, E

URO

LIM

PACS

, EPI

-WAT

ER, H

IGH

NO

ON

, MI-

RAG

E, W

ASSE

RMED

, WAR

CH, N

ORM

AN (F

P6),

CIRC

E, A

QU

ASTR

ESS,

XE-

ROCH

ORE

, EFI

+, R

EFRE

SH, C

ORF

U, F

LOO

DSI

TE, H

YDRA

TE, R

ISKB

ASE,

CRU

E ER

ANET

, AQ

EM, S

TAR,

CO

ST 8

69, L

IFE0

8 EN

V/IT

/000

413

INH

ABIT

45

Expe

rt G

roup

on

Wat

er a

nd A

gric

ultu

reRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

1.1.

Des

igni

ng

farm

ers’

ince

ntiv

es

to s

uppo

rt W

FD

impl

emen

tatio

n

The

rese

arch

que

stio

n is

: ‘H

ow t

o de

sign

ef-

fect

ive

ince

ntiv

es f

or

farm

ers

to b

e m

ore

proa

ctiv

e in

the

im-

plem

enta

tion

of t

he

WFD

and

to

assu

re

a su

stai

nabl

e im

ple-

men

tatio

n of

too

ls

and

inst

rum

ents

?’

CRO

PWAT

(FP6

)Ce

ntre

for

Sus

tain

able

Cro

p -W

ater

man

agem

ent

http

://w

ww

.cro

pwat

.agr

if.bg

.ac.

rs/

1. T

he le

vel o

f fa

rmer

s’ in

cent

ives

to

supp

ort

WFD

impl

emen

tatio

n in

man

y co

untr

ies,

incl

udin

g Se

rbia

, is

very

low

with

the

va

st m

ajor

ity o

f fa

rmer

s no

t ha

ving

info

rmed

abo

ut t

his

issu

e. F

arm

ers

shou

ld b

e fir

st p

rovi

ded

with

the

info

rmat

ion

in a

fo

rm t

hat

max

imis

es t

heir

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

WFD

(pop

ular

bro

chur

es, l

eafl

ets,

pub

lic a

nd m

edia

pre

sent

atio

ns).

2. N

o pr

ojec

t re

sults

con

cern

ing

the

soci

oeco

nom

ical

asp

ects

of

WFD

impl

emen

tatio

n.

FLO

W-A

ID (F

P6)

Farm

Lev

el O

ptim

al W

ater

man

agem

ent:

Assi

stan

t fo

r Irr

igat

ion

unde

r D

efic

itw

ww

.flow

-aid

.eu

Show

ed t

hat

wat

er u

se e

ffic

ienc

y ca

n be

enh

ance

d, a

nd t

hat

even

som

etim

es m

ore

prod

uctio

n is

pos

sibl

e. R

educ

tion

of c

osts

m

ay b

e a

good

ince

ntiv

e to

inve

st in

the

tec

hnol

ogy

to m

anag

e th

is. F

LOW

-AID

bro

chur

e an

d ou

tcom

e av

aila

ble

thro

ugh

EFFI

DRI

P (F

P7)

Enab

ling

next

gen

erat

ion

com

mer

cial

ser

vice

-orie

nted

, aut

omat

ic ir

rigat

ion

man

agem

ent

sys-

tem

s fo

r hi

gh-e

ffic

ient

use

of

wat

er, f

ertil

iser

s an

d en

ergy

in d

rip ir

rigat

ed t

ree

crop

sw

ww

.eff

idrip

.eu/

effid

rip-s

yste

m/

ENO

RASI

S (F

P7)

ENvi

ronm

enta

l Opt

imis

atio

n of

IRrig

Atio

n M

anag

emen

t w

ith t

he C

ombi

ned

uSe

and

Inte

grat

ion

of H

igh

Pre-

cisI

on S

atel

lite

Dat

a, A

dvan

ced

Mod

ellin

g, P

roce

ss C

ontr

ol a

nd B

usin

ess

Inno

vatio

nw

ww

.eno

rasi

s.eu

/Im

pact

s of

ren

ewab

le e

nerg

y on

Eur

opea

n fa

rmer

s (E

urop

ean

Com

mis

sion

, DG

Agr

icul

ture

and

Rur

al D

evel

opm

ent)

Lead

Con

trac

tor:

Alte

rra

Wag

enin

gen

UR,

in c

oope

ratio

n w

ith E

colo

gic

Inst

itute

, EC

BREC

IEO

, SO

RIAC

TIVA

, ECN

and

Wag

enin

gen

Uni

vers

ity r

epor

t, 20

11

ww

w.e

uros

faire

.prd

.fr/7

pc/d

ocum

ents

/134

8128

374_

exec

_sum

_en.

pdf

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: A

QU

ANET

, CRO

PWAT

(FP6

), W

ATER

WEB

, SAF

IR, C

OST

869

CEM

AGRE

FEc

onom

ic a

naly

sis

of u

ses:

cal

cula

tion

of c

ost

reco

very

(fro

m a

n ec

onom

ic a

ppro

ach

to t

he a

ccou

ntin

g an

d fin

anci

al a

vaila

ble

tool

s).

How

to

help

the

dec

isio

n on

the

bui

ldin

g of

sub

stitu

tions

res

erve

s? A

n ap

-pr

oach

thr

ough

a m

icro

econ

omic

mod

ellin

g of

far

mer

s’ b

ehav

iour

.

INRA

Sum

mar

y of

wat

er p

olic

y ec

onom

ic a

naly

sis

linke

d w

ith a

pro

posa

l for

soc

ioec

onom

ics

trai

ning

— Y

ear

2

CEM

AGRE

FSy

nthe

sis

repo

rt o

n th

e ef

fect

iven

ess

of e

cono

mic

inst

rum

ents

and

pro

posa

l for

the

im-

plem

enta

tion

of w

ithdr

awal

s m

arke

t fo

r w

ater

man

agem

ent

— Y

ear

2

Sum

mar

y of

the

Eur

opea

n se

min

ar o

n ec

onom

ic a

nd m

arke

t in

stru

men

ts t

o su

ppor

t w

ater

pol

icy

46

Expe

rt G

roup

on

Wat

er a

nd A

gric

ultu

reRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

4.2.

Add

ress

que

s-tio

ns r

elat

ed t

o th

e ef

fect

of

WFD

impl

e-m

enta

tion

mea

sure

s

CRO

PWAT

(FP6

)Ce

ntre

for

Sus

tain

able

Cro

p -W

ater

man

agem

ent

http

://w

ww

.cro

pwat

.agr

if.bg

.ac.

rs/

For

impr

ovin

g th

e en

viro

nmen

tal p

rote

ctio

n ac

tions

aga

inst

agr

icul

tura

l con

tam

inat

ion,

the

re is

an

urge

nt n

eed

for

the

deve

lopm

ent

of n

ovel

met

hods

and

tec

hniq

ues

that

cou

ld r

educ

e, r

emov

e or

imm

obili

se d

iffer

ent

chem

ical

con

tam

inan

ts (e

spec

ially

N, P

and

hea

vy

met

als)

and

mic

robi

olog

ical

con

tam

inan

ts (e

spec

ially

E.c

oli)

and

thei

r co

ntam

inat

ion

effe

cts

on w

ater

, pla

nts

and

prod

uced

foo

d. C

on-

stan

t m

onito

ring

of e

nviro

nmen

tal q

ualit

y of

wat

er is

als

o es

sent

ial b

ut n

ew m

etho

ds s

houl

d be

cos

t-ef

fect

ive

and

sim

ple

to a

llow

fa

rmer

invo

lvem

ent

in w

ater

mon

itorin

g. T

wo

publ

ishe

d br

ochu

res

abou

t th

e ch

emic

al a

nd m

icro

biol

ogic

al c

onta

min

ants

in w

ater

, use

of

con

tam

inat

ed w

ater

for

cro

p irr

igat

ion

and

pote

ntia

l hea

lth r

isks

to

the

food

con

sum

ers

with

the

tec

hnic

al a

dvic

es f

or d

econ

tam

ina-

tion

of w

ater

and

info

rmat

ion

abou

t EU

sta

ndar

ds f

or w

ater

and

foo

d an

d su

gges

tions

for

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

se s

tand

ards

Ac

tion

in c

ours

e in

Fra

nce

(act

ion

INRA

/ON

EMA)

to

help

the

wat

er a

genc

ies

to d

evel

op r

elev

ant

prog

ram

mes

of

mea

sure

men

t ad

apte

d to

the

diff

eren

t co

ntex

ts (w

eath

er, s

oils

, hyd

rolo

gy, e

cono

my,

etc

.). ‘F

acts

heet

s do

ne w

ith t

he R

BN’(c

itatio

n: N

icol

as R

ouye

r, EC

).Q

UAL

IWAT

ER (F

P6):

Dia

gnos

is a

nd c

ontr

ol o

f sa

linity

and

nitr

ate

pollu

tion

in M

edite

rran

ean

irrig

ated

agr

icul

ture

(IN

CO)

ww

w.s

trea

m-p

roje

ct.e

u/si

tes/

defa

ult/f

iles/

QU

ALIW

ATER

.pdf

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: E

URO

LIM

PACS

SEW

ING

, WAT

ERW

EB, W

ARM

ER, S

AFIR

, AQ

EM, S

TAR,

(WP2

, WP7

), M

I-RA

GE

(WP4

), LI

FE08

EN

V/IT

/000

413

INH

ABIT

, CO

ST 8

69, M

IRAG

E (F

P7).

CEM

AGRE

FAn

alys

is o

f fe

edba

ck o

n de

velo

pmen

t of

sce

nario

s fo

r m

easu

res

prog

ram

mes

CEM

AGRE

FIm

plem

enta

tion

of t

he w

ater

fra

mew

ork

dire

ctiv

e in

Fra

nce:

ana

lysi

s of

the

situ

atio

n an

d ap

plic

atio

n to

the

agr

icul

ture

(Par

ts I

and

II)

47

Expe

rt G

roup

on

Wat

er a

nd A

gric

ultu

reRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

6.1.

Ass

essi

ng t

he

inte

ract

ion

betw

een

surf

ace

and

grou

nd-

wat

er in

agr

icul

-tu

ral c

atch

men

ts

Agric

ultu

re c

ontr

ibut

es

to w

ater

pol

lutio

n fr

om

pest

icid

es a

nd n

utri-

ents

. Und

erst

andi

ng

the

inte

rrel

atio

nshi

p be

twee

n gr

ound

wat

er

and

surf

ace

wat

er is

es

sent

ial t

o ac

hiev

e go

od s

tatu

s of

wat

er

bodi

es a

nd t

o pr

otec

t th

e ec

osys

tem

s de

-pe

ndin

g on

wat

er. T

his

is a

lso

esse

ntia

l to

set

up t

he a

ppro

pri-

ate

set

of m

easu

res

in a

gric

ultu

ral c

atch

-m

ents

. Int

erre

latio

nshi

p be

twee

n gr

ound

and

su

rfac

e w

ater

sho

uld

be in

vest

igat

ed t

hrou

gh

mod

ellin

g an

d m

oni-

torin

g in

exp

erim

enta

l si

tes.

Use

r-fr

iend

ly

tool

s sh

ould

be

deve

l-op

ed f

or t

he a

utho

ritie

s in

cha

rge

of c

ontr

ols.

CRO

PWAT

(FP6

)Ce

ntre

for

Sus

tain

able

Cro

p -W

ater

man

agem

ent

http

://w

ww

.cro

pwat

.agr

if.bg

.ac.

rs/

The

inte

ract

ion

of g

roun

dwat

er a

nd s

urfa

ce w

ater

is c

urre

ntly

in t

he f

ocus

of

the

rese

arch

in a

gric

ultu

ral c

atch

-m

ents

. How

ever

, the

re is

not

eno

ugh

info

rmat

ion

in t

his

area

. The

spe

cial

em

phas

es s

houl

d on

the

pot

entia

l im

-pa

cts

of a

gric

ultu

ral p

ollu

tant

s on

gro

undw

ater

qua

lity

and

qual

ity o

f 3/

5 w

ater

for

irrig

atio

n.

Mal

ta is

cur

rent

ly in

vest

igat

ing

the

pote

ntia

l gro

undw

ater

–sur

face

wat

er li

nkag

es in

tho

se a

gric

ultu

ral c

atch

-m

ents

link

ed t

o ar

eas

of e

colo

gica

l im

port

ance

. The

fin

ding

s fr

om s

uch

a st

udy

will

be

avai

labl

e in

mid

-201

3.

AQU

ASTR

ESS

(FP6

)M

itiga

tion

of w

ater

str

ess

thro

ugh

new

app

roac

hes

to in

tegr

atin

g m

anag

emen

t, te

chni

cal,

econ

omic

and

inst

itutio

nal i

nstr

umen

tsht

tp://

ww

w.a

quas

tres

s.ne

t/

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: C

IRCE

(FP6

), W

ATER

WEB

, MIR

AGE

(FP7

).

BRG

MEv

alua

tion

of t

he b

enef

its f

rom

gro

undw

ater

goo

d st

atus

— Y

ear

2

CEM

AGRE

FD

elin

eatio

n an

d vu

lner

abili

ty t

o pe

stic

ides

of

area

s of

sup

ply

for

grou

ndw

ater

cat

chm

ent

(diff

use

agric

ultu

ral p

ollu

tion)

BRG

MD

elim

itatio

n of

are

as o

f su

pply

for

gro

undw

ater

cat

chm

ent

48

Expe

rt G

roup

Wat

er S

carc

ity

and

Dro

ught

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

Issu

e 1:

W

ater

sca

r-ci

ty a

nd

drou

ghts

in

dica

tors

1.1.

Ap

plic

atio

n of

com

-m

on in

dica

tors

in

EU r

iver

bas

ins

‘Impa

cts

of E

urop

e’s

chan

ging

clim

ate

— 2

008

indi

cato

r-ba

sed

asse

ssm

ent’,

EEA

Rep

. 4/2

008;

Tec

hnic

al r

e-po

rts

of t

he W

S &

D E

G P

alm

er,M

cKee

,Wilh

iteht

tp://

drou

ght.u

nl.e

du

XERO

CHO

RE (F

P7)

An e

xerc

ise

to a

sses

s re

sear

ch n

eeds

and

pol

icy

choi

ces

in a

reas

of

drou

ght

http

://w

ww

.feem

-pro

ject

.net

/xer

ocho

re/

DRO

UG

HT-

R&SP

I (FP

7)Fo

ster

ing

Euro

pean

dro

ught

res

earc

h an

d sc

ienc

e–po

licy

inte

rfac

ing

http

://w

ww

.eu-

drou

ght.o

rg/

AQU

ASTR

ESS

(FP6

)M

itiga

tion

of w

ater

str

ess

thro

ugh

new

app

roac

hes

to in

tegr

atin

g m

anag

e-m

ent,

tech

nica

l, ec

onom

ic a

nd in

stitu

tiona

l ins

trum

ents

http

://w

ww

.aqu

astr

ess.

net/

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

n

http

://w

ww

.was

serm

ed.e

u/

WAT

CHTe

chni

cal R

epor

t N

o 24

http

://w

ww

.eu-

wat

ch.o

rg/n

l/252

2276

0-Te

chni

cal_

Repo

rts.

htm

l)

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: E

URO

LIM

PACS

, MIR

AGE,

Ada

ptAl

p, E

ccon

et (F

P7),

KliW

as, L

IFE0

8 (N

a-tio

nal p

roje

ct) E

NV/

IT/0

0041

3 IN

HAB

IT, D

P Fr

esh

Wat

er, W

ater

Sca

rcity

, AQ

EM, S

TAR

(FP5

) htt

p://w

ww

.eu-

star

.at/f

ram

eset

.htm

, AQ

UAS

TRES

S (F

P6 —

IP)

49

Expe

rt G

roup

Wat

er S

carc

ity

and

Dro

ught

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

Issu

e 1:

W

ater

sca

r-ci

ty a

nd

drou

ghts

in

dica

tors

1.4.

Dev

elop

men

t of

pro

-lo

nged

dro

ught

indi

cato

rsEa

rly w

arni

ng s

yste

ms

and

indi

cato

rs a

re in

terc

on-

nect

ed. S

hort

-ter

m d

roug

ht

fore

cast

is is

sued

for

the

ne

xt 1

–3 m

onth

s, s

easo

nal

fore

cast

. Bey

ond

this

ho-

rizon

the

for

ecas

t is

ver

y di

ffic

ult.

An e

arly

war

ning

sy

stem

is a

pre

requ

isite

of

adap

tatio

n. W

ater

sca

rcity

sh

ould

be

dist

ingu

ishe

d fr

om t

he d

roug

ht s

itua-

tion.

Sca

rcity

has

to

do w

ith

mis

man

agem

ent.

The

scal

e of

the

for

ecas

t pl

ays

a ro

le.

It is

eas

ier

to f

orec

ast

wat

er

dem

and,

and

mod

el t

he

(e.g

. env

ironm

enta

l) co

n-se

quen

ces

of m

eetin

g th

at

wat

er d

eman

d. In

dica

tors

sh

ould

ref

er t

o th

e pr

ior-

ity a

ctio

ns id

entif

ied

in t

he

WS&

D c

omm

unic

atio

n.

Po w

ater

bal

ance

pla

nw

ww

.adb

po.it

/on-

mul

ti/AD

BPO

/Hom

e/Pi

anod

iBila

ncio

Idric

o.ht

ml

GLO

WAS

IS (F

P7)

A co

llabo

rativ

e pr

ojec

t ai

med

at

pre-

valid

atio

n of

a G

MES

glo

bal w

ater

sca

rcity

info

rmat

ion

serv

ice

http

://gl

owas

is.e

u/

AQU

ASTR

ESS

(FP6

)M

itiga

tion

of w

ater

str

ess

thro

ugh

new

app

roac

hes

to in

tegr

atin

g m

anag

e-m

ent,

tech

nica

l, ec

onom

ic a

nd in

stitu

tiona

l ins

trum

ents

http

://w

ww

.aqu

astr

ess.

net/

Def

initi

on a

nd a

pplic

atio

n of

wat

er s

tres

s in

dex.

XERO

CHO

RE (F

P7)

An e

xerc

ise

to a

sses

s re

sear

ch n

eeds

and

pol

icy

choi

ces

in a

reas

of

drou

ght

http

://w

ww

.feem

-pro

ject

.net

/xer

ocho

re/

The

XERO

CHO

RE p

roje

ct h

as p

rodu

ced

a se

t of

fiv

e sc

ienc

e–po

licy

brie

fs in

sup

port

of

polic

ymak

ing

in t

he

field

of

drou

ght

man

agem

ent.

The

scie

nce–

polic

y br

iefs

add

ress

Art

icle

s 5,

8, 9

, 11

and

13 o

f th

e w

ater

fr

amew

ork

dire

ctiv

e an

d br

iefl

y de

scrib

e lim

itatio

ns id

entif

ied

with

reg

ard

to d

roug

ht m

anag

emen

t, an

d re

com

men

datio

ns f

or im

prov

ing

drou

ght

prep

ared

ness

and

miti

gatio

n. T

hese

sci

ence

–pol

icy

brie

fs a

re a

vail-

able

in f

ive

lang

uage

s, s

ee h

ttp:

//ec.

euro

pa.e

u/en

viro

nmen

t/wat

er/q

uant

ity/g

ood_

prac

tices

.htm

#spi

.

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: E

URO

LIM

PACS

, STA

R (F

P5),

AQEM

, LI

FE08

(nat

iona

l pro

ject

) EN

V/IT

/000

413

INH

ABIT

, MIR

AGE

(FP7

), Ad

ap-

tAlp

, Ecc

onet

(FP7

), Kl

iWas

, 25

WSD

Fic

hes,

DP

Fres

h W

ater

.

50

Expe

rt G

roup

Wat

er S

carc

ity

and

Dro

ught

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

Issu

e 2:

Cl

imat

e ch

ange

ef

fect

s re

late

d to

w

ater

sca

r-ci

ty a

nd

drou

ghts

2.1.

Impa

cts

on w

ater

av

aila

bilit

y re

sour

ces

ACQ

WA

(FP7

)As

sess

ing

Clim

ate

impa

cts

on t

he Q

uant

ity a

nd q

ualit

y of

Wat

er

http

://w

ww

.acq

wa.

ch/

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

n

http

://w

ww

.was

serm

ed.e

u/

AQU

ASTR

ESS

(FP6

)M

itiga

tion

of w

ater

str

ess

thro

ugh

new

app

roac

hes

to in

tegr

atin

g m

anag

e-m

ent,

tech

nica

l, ec

onom

ic a

nd in

stitu

tiona

l ins

trum

ents

http

://w

ww

.aqu

astr

ess.

net/

CIRC

E (F

P6)

Clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd im

pact

res

earc

h: t

he M

edite

rran

ean

envi

ronm

ent

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.doc

umen

t&PJ

_LAN

G=E

N&

PJ_R

CN

=977

6097

&pi

d=2&

q=1A

C5F0

3B53

4B08

478C

B3D

ABC7

478F

776&

type

=sim

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: A

dapt

Alp,

Ecc

onet

, KliW

as, D

P Fr

esh

Wat

er, P

RIN

07, W

ater

Sca

rcity

, PRI

N07

(Ann

o 20

07 —

pro

t. 20

075W

FE7P

_003

), PR

OTE

ZIO

NE

CIVI

LE (F

P7) —

WP4

(Yea

rs 2

007–

11),

SECL

I.

51

Expe

rt G

roup

Wat

er S

carc

ity

and

Dro

ught

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

Issu

e 2:

Cl

imat

e ch

ange

ef

fect

s re

late

d to

w

ater

sca

r-ci

ty a

nd

drou

ghts

2.2.

Ass

essi

ng a

vaila

ble

surf

ace

and

grou

nd-

wat

er w

ater

res

ourc

es

and

estim

atin

g w

ater

de

man

ds u

nder

the

cu

rren

t si

tuat

ion

and

unde

r pr

edic

ted

clim

ate

chan

ge c

ondi

tions

(wat

er

supp

ly, w

ater

dem

and

bala

nce

at b

asin

leve

l)

Nee

d to

ado

pt n

ew h

ydro

-lo

gica

l and

hyd

ro-g

eolo

gica

l m

odel

s an

d es

timat

ion

met

hods

, tak

ing

into

ac-

coun

t av

aila

ble

tech

nolo

gi-

cal i

nnov

atio

ns, n

ew t

ools

an

d m

easu

res

for

wat

er

dem

and

man

agem

ent.

Wat

er p

rote

ctio

n pl

ans

ww

w.a

dbpo

.it/o

n-m

ulti/

ADBP

O/H

ome/

Pian

odiG

estio

neep

arte

cipa

zio-

nepu

bblic

a/Pi

anid

iTut

elad

elle

Acqu

edel

leRe

gion

i.htm

l

AQU

ASTR

ESS

(FP6

)M

itiga

tion

of w

ater

str

ess

thro

ugh

new

app

roac

hes

to in

tegr

atin

g m

anag

e-m

ent,

tech

nica

l, ec

onom

ic a

nd in

stitu

tiona

l ins

trum

ents

http

://w

ww

.aqu

astr

ess.

net/

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

n

http

://w

ww

.was

serm

ed.e

u/

IDO

R (F

P7)

Wat

er r

esou

rce

data

inte

grat

ion

and

mod

el d

evel

opm

ent

for

man

age-

men

t an

d su

stai

nabi

lity

of r

iver

-bas

in r

esou

rces

.

SCEN

ES (F

P6)

Wat

er S

cena

rios

for

Euro

pe a

nd f

or N

eigh

bour

ing

Stat

es

http

://w

ww

.env

ironm

ent.f

i/def

ault.

asp?

cont

entid

=379

147&

lan=

EN

CIRC

E (F

P6)

Clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd im

pact

res

earc

h: t

he M

edite

rran

ean

envi

ronm

ent

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.doc

umen

t&PJ

_LAN

G=E

N&

PJ_R

CN

=977

6097

&pi

d=2&

q=1A

C5F0

3B53

4B08

478C

B3D

ABC7

478F

776&

type

=sim

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: A

dapt

Alp,

Ecc

onet

, KliW

as, D

P Fr

esh

Wat

er, W

ater

Sca

r-ci

ty, P

ROTE

ZIO

NE

CIVI

LE (F

P7) —

WP4

(Yea

rs 2

007—

11),

SECL

I.

52

Expe

rt G

roup

Wat

er S

carc

ity

and

Dro

ught

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

Issu

e 2:

Cl

imat

e ch

ange

ef

fect

s re

late

d to

w

ater

sca

r-ci

ty a

nd

drou

ghts

2.4.

Impa

cts

on

ecos

yste

ms

The

mai

n fo

cus

is g

ener

ally

pu

t on

the

impa

cts

of la

rge

floo

ds o

n ec

osys

tem

s. T

oo

little

att

entio

n is

giv

en t

o sm

all f

lood

s th

at n

eed

to b

e ‘p

rote

cted

’ and

mai

ntai

ned.

ACQ

WA

(FP7

)As

sess

ing

Clim

ate

impa

cts

on t

he Q

uant

ity a

nd q

ualit

y of

Wat

er

http

://w

ww

.acq

wa.

ch/

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

n

http

://w

ww

.was

serm

ed.e

u/

CIRC

E (F

P6)

Clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd im

pact

res

earc

h: t

he M

edite

rran

ean

envi

ronm

ent

http

://w

ww

.circ

epro

ject

.eu/

INN

OVA

TECH

(FP6

)In

nova

tive

and

inte

grat

ed t

echn

olog

ies

for

the

trea

tmen

t of

indu

stria

l was

tew

ater

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.doc

umen

t&PJ

_RCN

=954

8404

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: A

QEM

, EU

ROLI

MPA

CS, S

TAR

(FP5

), Ad

aptA

lp, E

ccon

et; K

li-W

as, D

P Fr

esh

Wat

er, L

IFE0

8 EN

V/IT

/000

413

INH

ABIT

53

Expe

rt G

roup

Wat

er S

carc

ity

and

Dro

ught

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

Issu

e 2:

Cl

imat

e ch

ange

ef

fect

s re

late

d to

w

ater

sca

r-ci

ty a

nd

drou

ghts

2.5.

Inte

nsifi

catio

n of

the

wat

er c

ycle

. Ex

trem

e ev

ents

WAT

CH?

XERO

CHO

RE (F

P7)

An e

xerc

ise

to a

sses

s re

sear

ch n

eeds

and

pol

icy

choi

ces

in a

reas

of

drou

ght

http

://w

ww

.feem

-pro

ject

.net

/xer

ocho

re/

ACQ

WA

(FP7

)As

sess

ing

Clim

ate

impa

cts

on t

he Q

uant

ity a

nd q

ualit

y of

Wat

erht

tp://

ww

w.a

cqw

a.ch

/

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

nht

tp://

ww

w.w

asse

rmed

.eu/

AQU

ASTR

ESS

(FP6

)M

itiga

tion

of w

ater

str

ess

thro

ugh

new

app

roac

hes

to in

tegr

atin

g m

anag

e-m

ent,

tech

nica

l, ec

onom

ic a

nd in

stitu

tiona

l ins

trum

ents

http

://w

ww

.aqu

astr

ess.

net/

Hui

jgev

oort

, M.H

.J. v

an e

t al

. (20

10),

Dro

ught

ass

essm

ent

usin

g lo

cal a

nd la

rge-

scal

e fo

rcin

g da

ta in

sm

all c

atch

men

ts, I

AHS

Publ

. No

340,

pp.

77–

85.

Loon

, A.F

. van

et

al. (

2010

), U

nder

stan

ding

hyd

rolo

gica

l win

ter

drou

ght

in E

urop

e, IA

HS

Publ

. No

340,

pp.

189

–197

. St

ahl,

K. &

Tal

laks

en, L

.M. (

2010

), RC

M s

imul

ated

and

obs

erve

d hy

drol

ogic

al d

roug

ht: a

com

paris

on o

f th

e 19

76 a

nd 2

003

even

ts in

Eur

ope

(201

0).

In: G

loba

l Cha

nge:

Fac

ing

Risk

s an

d Th

reat

s to

Wat

er R

esou

rces

(Pro

c. o

f th

e Si

xth

Wor

ld F

RIEN

D C

onfe

renc

e, F

ez, M

oroc

co,

Oct

ober

201

0), I

AHS

Publ

. 340

, 150

–156

.G

udm

unds

son

et a

l. (2

010)

, Spa

tial c

ross

-cor

rela

tion

patt

erns

of

Euro

pean

low

, mea

n an

d hi

gh f

low

s. H

ydro

logi

cal P

roce

sses

, 24

. DO

I: 10

.100

2/hy

p.78

07.

Corz

o et

al.

(201

1), O

n th

e sp

atio

-tem

pora

l ana

lysi

s of

hyd

rolo

gica

l dro

ught

s fr

om g

loba

l hyd

rolo

gica

l mod

els,

Hyd

rol.

Eart

h Sy

st. S

ci. D

iscu

ss. 8

, 619

–652

, doi

:10.

5194

/hes

sd-8

-619

-201

1.

Han

nafo

rd e

t al

. (20

10),

Exam

inin

g th

e la

rge-

scal

e sp

atia

l coh

eren

ce o

f Eu

rope

an d

roug

ht u

sing

reg

iona

l ind

icat

ors

of p

reci

pi-

tatio

n an

d st

ream

flow

def

icit,

Hyd

rol.

Proc

ess.

DO

I: 10

.100

2/hy

p.77

25.

Stah

l et

al. (

2010

), St

ream

flow

tre

nds

in E

urop

e: e

vide

nce

from

a d

atas

et o

f ne

ar-n

atur

al c

atch

men

ts. H

ydro

l. Ea

rth

Syst

. Sci

. 14

: 237

6-23

82, d

oi:1

0.51

94/h

ess-

14-2

367-

2010

.Fl

eig

et a

l. (2

010)

, Int

er-c

ompa

rison

of

wea

ther

and

circ

ulat

ion

type

cla

ssifi

catio

ns f

or h

ydro

logi

cal d

roug

ht d

evel

opm

ent.

Phys

-ic

s an

d Ch

emis

try

of t

he E

arth

35,

507

-515

. doi

:10.

1016

/j.pc

e.20

09.1

1.00

5.Fl

eig,

A. K

. et

al. (

2010

), Re

gion

al h

ydro

logi

cal d

roug

ht in

nor

th-w

este

rn E

urop

e: li

nkin

g a

new

Reg

iona

l Dro

ught

Are

a In

dex

with

w

eath

er t

ypes

(201

0). H

ydro

logi

cal P

roce

sses

, 24

(in p

ress

). D

OI:

10.1

002/

hyp.

7644

.D

ieke

r et

al.

(201

0) C

ompa

rison

of

Thre

e D

roug

ht M

onito

ring

Tool

s in

the

USA

. WAT

CH T

echn

ical

Rep

ort

No

25, 8

6 pp

.

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: IN

HAB

IT (L

IFE0

8 EN

V/IT

/000

413)

, Ada

ptAl

p, E

ccon

et, K

liWas

, DP

Fres

h W

ater

; CIR

CE (F

P6 —

IP),

SECL

I.

54

Expe

rt G

roup

Wat

er S

carc

ity

and

Dro

ught

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

Issu

e 2:

Cl

imat

e ch

ange

ef

fect

s re

late

d to

w

ater

sca

r-ci

ty a

nd

drou

ghts

2.6.

Inte

ract

ions

bet

wee

n cl

imat

e ch

ange

and

ag

ricul

tura

l, so

cial

and

de

mog

raph

ic c

hang

es

Long

-ter

m s

tudi

es a

re

requ

ired

with

long

eno

ugh

data

ser

ies

to a

ddre

ss

glob

al e

nviro

nmen

tal

chan

ge(s

) (cl

imat

e ch

ange

, de

mog

raph

ic e

volu

tion,

te

chno

logi

cal d

evel

opm

ent)

an

d pr

ojec

t th

e im

pact

s of

ch

ange

s in

the

wat

er c

ycle

an

d on

wat

er a

vaila

bil-

ity. O

ne s

houl

d di

stin

guis

h be

twee

n pe

rman

ent

and

tem

pora

ry w

ater

sca

rcity

.

ACQ

WA

(FP7

)As

sess

ing

Clim

ate

impa

cts

on t

he Q

uant

ity a

nd q

ualit

y of

Wat

erht

tp://

ww

w.a

cqw

a.ch

/

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

nht

tp://

ww

w.w

asse

rmed

.eu/

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: D

P Fr

esh

Wat

er, W

ater

Sca

rcity

, CIR

CE (F

P6 —

IP),

PRIN

07 (A

nno

2007

— p

rot.

2007

5WFE

7P_0

03),

PRO

TEZI

ON

E CI

VILE

(FP7

) — W

P4 (Y

ears

200

7–11

), SE

CLI,

KliW

as.

Issu

e 5:

Te

chno

logi

-ca

l too

ls

5.3.

Regi

onal

clim

ate

mod

els

(RCM

s)W

ASSE

RMED

(FP7

)W

ater

Ava

ilabi

lity

and

Secu

rity

in S

outh

ern

EuRo

pe a

nd t

he M

edite

rran

ean

http

://w

ww

.was

serm

ed.e

u/

ACQ

WA

(FP7

)As

sess

ing

Clim

ate

impa

cts

on t

he Q

uant

ity a

nd q

ualit

y of

Wat

erht

tp://

ww

w.a

cqw

a.ch

/

CECI

LIA

(FP7

)Ce

ntra

l and

eas

tern

Eur

ope

clim

ate

chan

ge im

pact

and

vul

nera

bilit

y as

sess

men

t

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: A

dapt

Alp;

Ecc

onet

; KliW

as; S

ECLI

55

Expe

rt G

roup

Wat

er S

carc

ity

and

Dro

ught

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

Issu

e 6:

Ec

onom

ics

and

Law

6.1.

Met

hodo

logi

es

to a

sses

s W

S&D

eco

-no

mic

al im

pact

s

Soci

al im

pact

s sh

ould

be

adde

d. U

nder

stan

ding

of

econ

omic

impa

cts

is a

pre

-re

quis

ite f

or a

n ef

ficie

nt

risk

man

agem

ent.

‘Eco

-no

mic

’ val

ue s

houl

d no

t be

re

stric

ted

to ‘m

onet

ary’

or

‘exc

hang

e’ v

alue

, e.g

. eco

-sy

stem

has

a v

alue

per

se.

‘Stu

dio

di f

attib

ilità

con

cern

ente

lo s

vilu

ppo

dell’

anal

isi e

cono

mic

a de

ll’ut

ilizz

o id

rico

a sc

a-la

di b

acin

o de

l fiu

me

Po c

osì c

ome

prev

ista

dal

la D

irett

iva

2000

/60/

CE’ —

Alle

gato

6.2

all’

ela-

bora

to 6

del

Pia

no d

i ges

tione

. ww

w.a

dbpo

.it/d

ownl

oad/

PdG

Po_2

4feb

brai

o201

0/PD

GPo

_ELA

BO-

RATO

_06_

Sint

esiA

nalis

iEco

nom

ica/

Alle

gati/

PDG

Po_E

LABO

RATO

_6_A

ll6_2

_090

630.

pdf

ACQ

WA

(FP7

)As

sess

ing

Clim

ate

impa

cts

on t

he Q

uant

ity a

nd q

ualit

y of

Wat

erht

tp://

ww

w.a

cqw

a.ch

/

AGRO

SCEN

ARI (

Ital

ian

Min

istr

y of

Agr

icul

ture

)Pr

ojec

t ad

apta

tion

scen

ario

s of

Ital

ian

agric

ultu

re t

o cl

imat

e ch

ange

http

://w

ww

.agr

osce

nari.

it

EPI W

ATER

Pro

ject

(FP7

)Ev

alua

ting

econ

omic

pol

icy

inst

rum

ents

for

sus

tain

able

wat

er m

anag

emen

t in

Eur

ope

ww

w.e

pi-w

ater

.eu

AQU

ASTR

ESS

(FP6

)M

itiga

tion

of w

ater

str

ess

thro

ugh

new

app

roac

hes

to in

tegr

atin

g m

anag

e-m

ent,

tech

nica

l, ec

onom

ic a

nd in

stitu

tiona

l ins

trum

ents

http

://w

ww

.aqu

astr

ess.

net/

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

nht

tp://

ww

w.w

asse

rmed

.eu/

Cons

ider

ing

the

econ

omy

as a

sys

tem

, goi

ng b

eyon

d pa

rtia

l equ

ilibr

ium

and

loca

l mod

els

AQU

AMO

NEY

(FP6

)D

evel

opm

ent

and

test

ing

of p

ract

ical

gui

delin

es f

or t

he a

sses

smen

t of

en-

viro

nmen

tal a

nd r

esou

rce

cost

s an

d be

nefit

s in

the

WFD

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.doc

umen

t&PJ

_LAN

G=E

N&

PJ_R

CN

=832

7663

&pi

d=0&

q=88

A185

7A2D

011C

BF25

7B23

DB1

02D

8E5A

&ty

pe=s

im

http

://w

ww

.iwrm

-net

.eu/

site

s/de

faul

t/file

s/Aq

uaM

oney

%20

Polic

y%20

Brie

f%20

(2nd

%20

rele

ase)

.pdf

POLI

CYM

IX (F

P7)

Asse

ssin

g th

e ro

le o

f ec

onom

ic in

stru

men

ts in

pol

icy

mix

es f

or b

iodi

-ve

rsity

con

serv

atio

n an

d ec

osys

tem

ser

vice

s pr

ovis

ion

http

://po

licym

ix.n

ina.

no

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: P

RIN

07, P

RIN

07 (A

nno

2007

— p

rot.

2007

5WFE

7P_0

03),

Ecco

net,

KliW

as, D

P Fr

esh

Wat

er.

56

Wor

king

Gro

up A

on

Ecol

ogic

al S

tatu

sRe

sear

ch

issu

eRe

sear

ch

need

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

1. D

evel

opin

g an

d va

lidat

-in

g ne

w

bioa

sses

s-m

ent

tool

s

1. T

o ov

er-

com

e kn

owl-

edge

gap

s fo

r tr

ansi

tiona

l an

d co

asta

l w

ater

s

The

inte

rcal

ibra

tion

exer

cise

has

hi

ghlig

hted

the

lack

of

rele

vant

m

etric

s an

d co

mpl

iant

ass

essm

ent

tool

s fo

r th

e W

FD im

plem

enta

tion.

M

ore

fund

amen

tally

the

par

ticip

ants

co

nsid

er t

hat

the

taxo

nom

y —

and

es

peci

ally

the

tax

onom

ist

form

atio

n —

sho

uld

be e

nhan

ced

to s

usta

in

the

deve

lopm

ent

of n

ew r

elev

ant

met

rics

and

to s

tren

gthe

n th

e ex

per-

tise

capa

city

of

wat

er m

anag

ers.

QW

ATER

(FP7

)Bi

oass

ay in

tegr

atio

n un

der

the

Euro

pean

wat

er f

ram

ewor

k di

rec-

tive:

A s

tep

tow

ards

an

ecol

ogic

al a

ppro

ach

(sou

rce:

CO

RDIS

)

AQU

AREH

AB (F

P7)

Dev

elop

men

t of

reh

abili

tatio

n te

chno

logi

es a

nd a

ppro

ache

s fo

r m

ultip

ress

ured

deg

rade

d w

ater

s an

d th

e in

tegr

atio

n of

the

ir im

pact

on

river

bas

in m

anag

emen

t ht

tps:

//aqu

areh

ab.v

ito.b

e/ (s

ourc

e: C

ORD

IS)

WET

win

(FP7

)To

enh

ance

the

rol

e of

wet

land

s in

bas

in-s

cale

inte

grat

ed w

ater

res

ourc

es m

anag

emen

t (IW

RM),

with

the

aim

of

impr

ovin

g th

e co

mm

unity

ser

vice

fun

ctio

ns w

hile

con

serv

ing

good

eco

logi

-ca

l sta

tus

— t

ools

rel

ated

to

wet

land

s (t

rans

ition

al w

ater

s) a

re b

eing

use

d/de

velo

ped.

WIS

ER (F

P7)

Wat

er b

odie

s in

Eur

ope:

Inte

grat

ive

syst

ems

to a

sses

s ec

olog

ical

sta

-tu

s an

d re

cove

ry —

Del

iver

able

s 4.

1-1

to 4

.4-5

, (w

ww

.wis

er.e

u)

1. D

evel

opin

g an

d va

lidat

-in

g ne

w

bioa

sses

s-m

ent

tool

s

2. T

o ov

er-

com

e kn

owl-

edge

gap

s fo

r la

kes

The

inte

rcal

ibra

tion

exer

cise

has

hi

ghlig

hted

the

lack

of

met

rics

and

com

plia

nt a

sses

smen

t to

ols

to c

over

all

the

WFD

req

uire

men

ts

in p

artic

ular

for

Med

iterr

anea

n ar

-ea

s. O

nce

agai

n, t

he p

artic

ipan

ts

cons

ider

tha

t th

e ta

xono

my

— a

nd

espe

cial

ly t

he t

axon

omis

t fo

rmat

ion

— s

houl

d be

enh

ance

d to

sus

tain

th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

new

rel

evan

t m

etric

s an

d to

str

engt

hen

the

expe

r-tis

e ca

paci

ty o

f w

ater

man

ager

s.

ENVI

CAT

(FP7

)EN

VIro

nmen

tal c

ontr

ol o

f Cy

AnoT

oxin

s pr

oduc

tion

(sou

rce:

CO

RDIS

)

CON

TRAS

TRES

S (F

P7)

Cont

radi

ctin

g re

spon

ses

to m

ultip

le s

tres

sors

red

uce

the

resi

lienc

e of

zoo

plan

kton

com

mun

ity (s

ourc

e: C

ORD

IS)

WIS

ER (F

P7)

Del

iver

able

s 3.

1-1

to 3

.4-4

(ww

w.w

iser

.eu)

AQEM

(FP5

)Th

e de

velo

pmen

t an

d te

stin

g of

an

inte

grat

ed a

sses

smen

t sy

stem

for

the

eco

logi

cal q

ual-

ity o

f st

ream

s an

d riv

ers

thro

ugho

ut E

urop

e us

ing

bent

hic

mac

roin

vert

ebra

tes

(200

0–02

)

STAR

(FP5

)St

anda

rdis

atio

n of

riv

er c

lass

ifica

tions

: Fr

amew

ork

met

hod

for

calib

ratin

g di

ffer

ent

biol

ogic

al s

urve

y re

sults

aga

inst

eco

logi

-ca

l qua

lity

clas

sific

atio

ns t

o be

dev

elop

ed f

or t

he w

ater

fra

mew

ork

dire

ctiv

e

EURO

LIM

PACS

(FP6

)Th

e pr

ojec

t so

ught

to

unde

rsta

nd t

he e

ffec

ts o

n th

ese

vuln

erab

le e

cosy

stem

s of

the

inte

ract

ions

bet

wee

n ch

angi

ng c

limat

e an

d ot

her

pote

ntia

lly d

amag

ing

proc

esse

s ca

used

by

chan

ges

in t

he p

hysi

cal c

hara

cter

istic

s of

riv

ers,

nut

rient

pol

lutio

n, a

cidi

ficat

ion

and

the

depo

sitio

n of

tox

ic m

etal

s an

d or

gani

c po

lluta

nts

(WP2

, WP7

).

MIR

AGE

(FP7

)M

edite

rran

ean

inte

rmitt

ent

river

man

agem

ent

LIFE

08 E

NV/

IT/0

0041

3 IN

HAB

IT;

Loca

l hyd

ro-m

orph

olog

y, h

abita

t an

d RB

MPs

: new

mea

sure

s to

impr

ove

ecol

ogi-

cal q

ualit

y in

sou

th E

urop

ean

river

s an

d la

kes

ww

w.li

fe-i

nhab

it.it

57

Wor

king

Gro

up A

on

Ecol

ogic

al S

tatu

sRe

sear

ch

issu

eRe

sear

ch

need

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

1. D

evel

opin

g an

d va

lidat

-in

g ne

w

bioa

sses

s-m

ent

tool

s

3. T

o an

alys

e m

ore

care

fully

th

e lin

ks b

e-tw

een

ecot

oxi-

colo

gica

l too

ls

and

biol

ogic

al

asse

ssm

ent

tool

s ba

sed

on

the

stru

ctur

e of

bio

logi

cal

com

mun

ities

Curr

ently

, sub

stan

ces

are

incl

uded

in

bioa

sses

smen

t mai

nly

by u

sing

resu

lts

of s

hort

-ter

m b

ioas

says

on

indi

vidu

als

of ta

rget

spe

cies

. The

link

s be

twee

n co

ncen

trat

ions

of

thes

e su

bsta

nces

sh

ould

be

conn

ecte

d w

ith p

opul

atio

n an

d co

mm

uniti

es d

ynam

ics

usin

g bo

th

mes

ocos

ms

and

in s

itu e

xper

imen

ts,

in o

rder

to p

rovi

de ru

les

for s

ubst

ance

co

ncen

trat

ion

inte

rpre

tatio

n th

at

wou

ld b

e m

ore

ecol

ogic

ally

rele

vant

at

the

scal

e of

the

syst

em in

vest

igat

ed.

REBE

CCA

(FP6

)Re

latio

nshi

ps b

etw

een

ecol

ogic

al a

nd c

hem

ical

sta

tus

of s

urfa

ce w

ater

s Re

becc

a_en

.htm

(CO

RDIS

)

PARA

WAR

M (F

P7)

From

com

mun

ities

to

indi

vidu

als:

Dev

elop

men

t of

an

early

war

ning

sys

tem

to

asse

ss t

he r

e-la

tions

hip

betw

een

clim

ate

war

min

g an

d po

llutio

n in

Eur

opea

n fr

eshw

ater

eco

syst

ems

CON

TRAS

TRES

S (F

P7)

Cont

radi

ctin

g re

spon

ses

to m

ultip

le s

tres

sors

red

uce

the

resi

lienc

e of

zoo

-pl

ankt

on c

omm

unity

CO

NTR

ASTR

ESS

— C

ORD

IS

1.D

evel

opin

g an

d va

lidat

-in

g ne

w

bioa

sses

s-m

ent

tool

s

4. T

o ov

er-

com

e di

f-fic

ultie

s in

as

sess

ing

ecol

ogic

al s

ta-

tus

in t

empo

-ra

ry s

trea

ms

Ther

e is

a n

eed

to h

ave

a be

tter

un

ders

tand

ing

of t

he e

colo

gica

l fun

c-tio

ning

of

tem

pora

ry s

trea

ms

and

how

the

ir ec

olog

ical

sta

tus

can

be a

s-se

ssed

whe

n th

ere

is n

o w

ater

dur

ing

(larg

e) p

arts

of

the

year

. Thi

s to

pic

incr

ease

s in

impo

rtan

ce a

s cl

imat

e ch

ange

tak

es it

s to

ll on

the

ava

ilabi

l-ity

of

incr

easi

ng w

ater

sca

rcity

and

dr

ough

ts in

larg

e pa

rts

of E

urop

e.

HO

LRIV

ERM

ED (F

P7)

Envi

ronm

enta

l riv

er m

anag

emen

t: An

inno

vativ

e ho

listic

app

roac

h fo

r M

edite

rran

ean

stre

ams

MIR

AGE

(FP7

)M

edite

rran

ean

inte

rmitt

ent

river

man

agem

ent

This

is a

cen

tral

top

ic in

MIR

AGE.

MIR

AGE

deve

lope

d a

prov

isio

nal c

lass

ifica

tion

of t

empo

rary

str

eam

s in

to t

hree

mai

n ty

pes:

inte

rmitt

ent

pool

s, w

hen

ecol

ogic

al s

tatu

s ca

n be

ass

esse

d as

don

e fo

r pe

rman

ent

stre

ams

but

payi

ng a

tten

tion

to t

he c

alen

dar

for

sam

plin

g fo

llow

ing

the

stre

am r

egim

e; in

term

itten

t dr

y, w

hen

ecol

ogic

al s

tatu

s ca

n be

det

erm

ined

fr

om a

quat

ic b

iolo

gica

l com

mun

ities

but

usi

ng p

roto

cols

and

sta

ndar

ds e

spec

ially

dev

elop

ed; a

nd e

phem

eral

, whe

n ot

her

met

hods

tha

n th

e st

udy

of a

quat

ic c

omm

uniti

es a

re n

eede

d to

ass

ess

the

ecol

ogic

al s

tatu

s. T

he m

ain

chal

leng

e is

to

op-

erat

iona

lly d

efin

e th

e lim

its b

etw

een

thes

e ty

pes

on t

he b

asis

of

the

coup

led

ecol

ogic

al a

nd h

ydro

logi

cal s

tudi

es. A

ste

p un

derw

ay in

MIR

AGE

is t

he d

evel

opm

ent

and

test

ing

of g

raph

s an

d m

etric

s to

link

the

hyd

rolo

gica

l inf

orm

atio

n w

ith t

he

tem

pora

l occ

urre

nce

of t

he d

iver

se a

quat

ic h

abita

ts. R

egar

ding

the

eco

logi

cal s

tatu

s, M

IRAG

E ha

s de

velo

ped

a pr

otoc

ol t

hat

links

the

sam

plin

g pe

riod

for

stud

ying

the

eco

logi

cal s

tatu

s w

ith t

he h

ydro

per

iod,

the

refo

re t

he s

ampl

ing

has

to b

e do

ne

in s

tron

g re

latio

n w

ith t

he h

ydro

gram

. Usi

ng t

his

appr

oach

and

the

MIR

AGE

prot

ocol

(ava

ilabl

e fr

om t

he M

IRAG

E w

ebsi

te,

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.doc

umen

t&PJ

_LAN

G=E

N&

PJ_R

CN=1

0375

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pid=

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C8C4

918F

3018

77C1

9070

3C3A

&ty

pe=s

im) d

ata

of e

colo

gica

l sta

tus

for

mac

roin

vert

ebra

tes

can

be t

aken

and

the

sa

me

met

rics

and

tool

s as

in p

erm

anen

t st

ream

s m

ay b

e us

ed. F

or s

umm

er a

nd w

hen

the

river

is d

ry a

spe

cific

pro

toco

l to

sam

ple

and

calc

ulat

e th

e ec

olog

ical

sta

tus

is n

ow u

nder

con

stru

ctio

n. A

n in

tegr

ated

too

l is

the

mai

n pr

oduc

t to

be

de-

liver

ed t

o m

anag

ers

for

the

MIR

AGE

proj

ect

to e

stab

lish

the

ecol

ogic

al s

tatu

s in

tem

pora

ry r

iver

s (s

ourc

e: E

URA

QU

A)

WIS

ER (F

P7)

— W

ater

bod

ies

in E

urop

e: in

tegr

ativ

e sy

stem

s to

ass

ess

ecol

ogic

al s

tatu

s an

d re

cove

ry

AQEM

(FP5

)

STAR

(FP5

)

EURO

LIM

PACS

(FP6

) (W

P2, W

P7)

LIFE

08 E

NV/

IT/0

0041

3 IN

HAB

IT

58

Wor

king

Gro

up A

on

Ecol

ogic

al S

tatu

sRe

sear

ch

issu

eRe

sear

ch

need

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

1. D

evel

opin

g an

d va

lidat

-in

g ne

w

bioa

sses

s-m

ent

tool

s

5. T

o re

info

rce

the

know

ledg

e co

ncer

ning

un

cert

aint

ies.

The

WFD

cla

ssifi

es t

he e

colo

gica

l st

atus

into

fiv

e ba

nds.

The

goo

d/m

od-

erat

e lim

it is

of

maj

or im

port

ance

to

con

side

r if

the

ecol

ogic

al s

tatu

s is

ach

ieve

d or

not

. The

att

ribut

ion

of a

n ec

olog

ical

qua

lity

clas

s ha

s to

be

ass

ocia

ted

with

an

unce

rtai

nty

asse

ssm

ent,

taki

ng in

to a

ccou

nt t

he

diff

eren

t ty

pes

of u

ncer

tain

ties

as-

soci

ated

to

each

met

hod.

Res

earc

h pr

ogra

mm

es a

imin

g to

det

erm

ine

varia

bilit

y an

d un

cert

aint

ies

as-

soci

ated

with

eac

h bi

oass

essm

ent

met

hod

are

in t

his

cont

ext

impo

rtan

t to

stim

ulat

e, s

ince

it c

ould

str

ongl

y af

fect

the

obj

ectiv

es o

f th

e m

anag

e-m

ent

plan

s. It

is a

lso

impo

rtan

t th

at

guid

ance

is g

iven

to

Mem

ber

Stat

es

to e

nsur

e th

at t

he le

vel o

f co

nfid

ence

in

cla

ssifi

catio

n th

ey r

equi

re is

com

-pa

tible

with

the

ir ow

n m

onito

ring

netw

ork.

Thi

s is

vita

l in

orde

r to

iden

-tif

y pr

essu

res

and

mea

sure

s w

ithin

th

e re

quire

d W

FD t

imes

cale

. In

this

co

ntex

t, de

velo

ping

bio

asse

ssm

ent

met

hods

whi

ch t

ake

into

acc

ount

the

na

tura

l int

er-a

nnua

l var

iabi

lity

of

com

mun

ities

is a

n im

port

ant

poin

t to

add

ress

(com

mun

ities

are

like

ly

to c

hang

e na

tura

lly f

rom

one

yea

r to

ano

ther

one

with

out

sign

ifica

nt

chan

ges

in t

he p

ress

ures

, and

bio

-as

sess

men

t to

ols

have

to

inte

grat

e th

is a

spec

t so

tha

t th

e ec

olog

ical

st

atus

rem

ains

sta

ble

in t

hat

case

).

RISK

BAS

E (F

P7)

Tow

ards

ris

k-ba

sed

man

agem

ent

of E

urop

ean

river

bas

ins:

Key

fin

ding

s an

d re

com

men

datio

ns

of t

he R

ISK

BASE

pro

ject

htt

p://c

ordi

s.eu

ropa

.eu/

sear

ch/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.doc

umen

t&PJ

_LA

NG

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=882

4836

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d=5&

q=D

E71E

453E

1BD

D04

53F7

311E

03F7

EE86

B&ty

pe=s

im

WIS

ER (F

P7)

Soft

war

e W

ISER

Bugs

ava

ilabl

e on

ww

w.w

iser

.eu

seve

ral d

eliv

erab

les

unde

r co

nstr

uc-

tion

+ w

e ar

e de

term

inin

g th

e un

cert

aint

y as

soci

ated

to

the

met

hod.

MIR

AGE

(FP7

)W

P4 is

add

ress

ing

this

issu

e co

mpa

ring

in t

he s

ame

year

tw

o di

ffer

ent

situ

atio

ns, t

he d

ry a

nd t

he

wet

per

iod.

In a

dditi

on f

or s

ome

basi

n tw

o co

nsec

utiv

e ye

ars

are

stud

ied.

Als

o a

larg

e da

ta b

ase

in-

clud

ing

tem

pora

ry r

iver

s fr

om S

pain

, Gre

ece

and

Italy

dev

elop

ed b

y di

ffer

ent

rese

arch

gro

ups

and

inst

itute

s is

bei

ng b

uilt

up in

ord

er t

o tr

y to

und

erst

and

the

diff

eren

ces

betw

een

year

s.

REFR

ESH

(FP7

)

AQEM

(FP5

)

STAR

(FP5

)

EURO

LIM

PACS

(FP6

) (W

P2, W

P7)

LIFE

08 E

NV/

IT/0

0041

3 IN

HAB

IT

59

Wor

king

Gro

up A

on

Ecol

ogic

al S

tatu

sRe

sear

ch

issu

eRe

sear

ch

need

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

1. D

evel

opin

g an

d va

lidat

-in

g ne

w

bioa

sses

s-m

ent

tool

s

6. T

o bu

ild

pres

sure

–im

-pa

ct m

odel

s fo

r a

bett

er

spat

ial e

x-tr

apol

atio

n of

th

e ec

olog

i-ca

l sta

tus

Cons

ider

ing

that

all

wat

er b

odie

s ar

e no

t mon

itore

d th

roug

h su

rvei

llanc

e pr

ogra

mm

es, w

e sh

ould

dev

elop

a

criti

cal a

naly

sis

of th

e re

sults

of

bioa

sses

smen

t and

mod

ulat

e th

is

asse

ssm

ent b

ased

on

risks

ass

ess-

men

t inf

orm

atio

n. In

add

ition

, res

earc

h pr

ogra

mm

es s

peci

fical

ly a

imin

g to

bu

ild p

ress

ure–

impa

cts

mod

els

to

allo

w u

nder

stan

ding

of

pote

ntia

l im

-pa

cts

whe

re m

onito

ring

for t

he q

ualit

y el

emen

t is

abse

nt o

n a

wat

er b

ody,

ex-

plor

ing

whe

ther

this

cou

ld b

e ba

sed

on

the

info

rmat

ion

colle

cted

at s

urve

yed

site

s is

a c

ruci

al is

sue,

as

it w

ill a

llow

a

spat

ial e

xtra

pola

tion

of th

e ec

olog

i-ca

l sta

tus.

In th

is c

onte

xt, c

onsi

derin

g pr

essu

res

at a

loca

l and

regi

onal

(e.g

. la

nd u

ses)

leve

ls a

re o

f m

ajor

inte

rest

.

WET

win

: Th

e pr

ojec

t ap

plie

s th

e D

PSIR

(driv

er–s

tate

–im

pact

–res

pons

e) m

etho

dol-

ogy

for

reve

alin

g th

e ca

uses

of

the

prob

lem

s of

wet

land

s.

WIS

ER (F

P7)

We

are

inve

stig

atin

g th

e re

spon

se o

f m

etho

ds a

nd m

etric

s to

pre

ssur

e gr

adie

nts.

MIR

AGE(

FP7)

The

mai

n co

ntrib

utio

n of

MIR

AGE

is t

o fo

cus

on t

he p

ress

ure

hydr

olog

y. S

peci

fic m

eth-

ods

to c

alcu

late

the

hyd

rolo

gica

l sta

tus

are

bein

g de

velo

ped

by M

IRAG

E.

LIFE

08 E

NV/

IT/0

0041

3 IN

HAB

IT

AQEM

, (FP

5)

STAR

, (FP

5)

EURO

LIM

PACS

(FP6

) (W

P2, W

P7)

2. R

efin

-in

g th

e kn

owle

dge

abou

t pr

es-

sure

–im

pact

s re

latio

nshi

ps

7. T

o cl

arify

lin

ks b

etw

een

hydr

omor

-ph

olog

ical

pr

essu

res

and

biol

ogic

al

resp

onse

s

Furt

her

unde

rsta

ndin

g is

nee

ded

abou

t th

e ef

fect

s of

hyd

rom

orph

o-lo

gica

l pre

ssur

es o

n bi

olog

ical

pop

u-la

tions

and

com

mun

ities

, not

ably

in

the

case

s w

here

soc

ioec

onom

ical

is

sues

are

impo

rtan

t co

nstr

aint

s (h

eavi

ly m

odifi

ed w

ater

bod

ies

(HM

WB)

). W

ater

pol

icie

s w

ill h

ave

to m

anag

e hy

drom

orph

olog

ical

ele

-m

ents

tak

ing

into

acc

ount

the

rol

e th

ey p

lay

on t

he s

truc

ture

and

on

the

func

tioni

ng o

f aq

uatic

com

mun

i-tie

s so

as

to id

entif

y th

e m

ost

cost

-ef

fect

ive

mea

sure

to

rest

ore

the

good

ec

olog

ical

sta

tus

and/

or e

nsur

e th

e no

n-de

grad

atio

n ob

ject

ive.

Par

t of

th

is w

ork

mus

t be

to

clar

ify t

he e

x-te

nt o

f hy

drom

orph

olog

ical

impa

cts.

EFI (

FP7)

Impr

ovem

ent

and

spat

ial e

xten

sion

of

the

Euro

pean

fis

h in

dex;

htt

p://e

fi-pl

us.b

oku.

ac.a

t/

WET

win

(FP7

)D

urin

g th

e D

PSIR

ana

lyse

s w

e in

vest

igat

e ho

w h

ydro

mor

phol

ogic

al p

ress

ures

like

ero

-si

on, s

edim

enta

tion,

flo

ods,

dro

ught

s ar

e in

flue

ncin

g th

e ec

osys

tem

s of

the

wet

land

s.

WIS

ER(F

P7)

Del

iver

able

5.1

-1 a

nd u

pcom

ing

pape

r on

Adv

ance

s in

Eco

logi

cal R

e-se

arch

+ it

is e

xpec

ted

in s

ome

of t

he d

eliv

erab

les;

ww

w.w

iser

.eu

MIR

AGE

(FP7

)Th

e da

ta o

f M

IRAG

E in

clud

es a

lso

hydr

omor

phol

ogic

al a

ltera

tions

mea

sure

d w

ith s

peci

fic in

dexe

s (R

HS,

IH

F, Q

BR, e

tc.).

The

rel

atio

nshi

ps b

etw

een

thes

e in

dexe

s an

d th

e bi

olog

ical

com

mun

ity w

ill b

e ex

plor

ed.

REFR

ESH

(FP7

)

AQEM

(FP5

)

STAR

(FP5

)

EURO

LIM

PACS

(FP6

) (W

P2, W

P7)

LIFE

08 E

NV/

IT/0

0041

3 IN

HAB

IT

60

Wor

king

Gro

up A

on

Ecol

ogic

al S

tatu

sRe

sear

ch

issu

eRe

sear

ch

need

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

3. E

volv

ing

to-

war

d a

mor

e fu

nctio

nal

and

holis

tic

appr

oach

of

aqu

atic

ec

osys

tem

s

8. T

o de

velo

p fu

nctio

nal

asse

ssm

ent

tool

s ba

sed

on t

roph

ic

netw

orks

to

com

plem

ent

tool

s ba

sed

on c

omm

u-ni

ty s

truc

ture

at

trib

utes

—

ass

ess

the

links

with

re

silie

nce

and

sust

aina

bilit

y

The

curr

ent

bioa

sses

smen

t to

ols

are

base

d on

the

str

uctu

re o

f th

e bi

olog

ical

com

mun

ities

and

giv

e on

ly

a st

atic

vie

w o

f th

e ec

olog

ical

sta

-tu

s (‘s

naps

hots

’). A

mor

e fu

nctio

nal

appr

oach

sho

uld

now

be

initi

ated

: m

ore

holis

tic in

dica

tors

bas

ed o

n ec

osys

tem

pro

pert

ies

and

func

tion-

ing

and

cons

ider

ing

trop

hic

netw

orks

ar

e ne

eded

. It

wou

ld h

elp

the

inte

r-pr

etat

ion

of t

he s

urve

y re

sults

by

over

com

ing

the

natu

ral v

aria

bilit

y of

com

mun

ities

thr

ough

tim

e. T

his

func

tiona

l app

roac

h w

ould

con

side

r th

e re

silie

nce

of t

he s

yste

ms,

whi

ch

is a

cru

cial

issu

e w

hen

carr

ying

out

re

stor

atio

n m

easu

res.

At

the

mo-

men

t th

is f

unct

iona

l asp

ect

lays

up

on t

he u

se o

f fu

nctio

nal m

etric

s in

the

bio

asse

ssm

ent

tool

s, w

hich

is

not

suff

icie

nt f

or a

fun

ctio

nal i

nter

-pr

etat

ion

of e

cosy

stem

’s h

ealth

.

WET

win

(FP7

)W

e us

e tr

ophi

c ne

twor

k-ba

sed

vege

tatio

n m

odel

s in

ord

er t

o as

sess

the

eco

syst

em f

unct

ions

of

wet

land

s. F

or e

xam

ple:

a N

circ

ulat

ion

mod

el h

as b

een

deve

lope

d fo

r th

e pa

pyru

s w

etla

nds

of

Uga

nda

with

the

aim

of

asse

ssin

g th

e nu

trie

nt r

eten

tion

func

tion

of t

he p

apyr

us s

tand

s.

AQEM

(FP5

)

STAR

(FP5

)

EURO

LIM

PACS

(FP6

) (W

P2, W

P7)

MIR

AGE

(WP4

)

61

Wor

king

Gro

up A

on

Ecol

ogic

al S

tatu

sRe

sear

ch

issu

eRe

sear

ch

need

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

3. E

volv

ing

to-

war

d a

mor

e fu

nctio

nal

and

holis

tic

appr

oach

of

aqu

atic

ec

osys

tem

s

9. T

o cl

arify

th

e lin

ks b

e-tw

een

glob

al

chan

ges

(clim

ate,

fr

agm

enta

tion,

ex

otic

s) a

nd

ecos

yste

m

func

tioni

ng

and

asse

ss-

men

t to

ols

Glo

bal c

hang

e m

ay h

ave

cons

e-qu

ence

s on

clim

ate,

hab

itat

frag

men

-ta

tion

(not

ably

for

riv

ers)

, his

toric

al

dist

ribut

ion

area

of

the

nativ

e sp

ecie

s an

d sp

read

of

exot

ics.

The

eff

ects

of

clim

ate

chan

ge (t

herm

al r

egim

e, h

y-dr

olog

y) o

n th

e bi

olog

ical

indi

cato

rs

used

in e

colo

gica

l sta

tus

mon

itorin

g ha

ve t

o be

ana

lyse

d, in

ord

er t

o av

oid

bias

in t

he e

colo

gica

l sta

tus

asse

ss-

men

t. It

wou

ld b

e im

port

ant

to d

efin

e in

dica

tors

onl

y sl

ight

ly s

ensi

tive

to

the

likel

y ev

olut

ion

of t

he s

peci

es

dist

ribut

ion

on a

Eur

opea

n or

eco

re-

gion

al le

vel,

or c

onve

rsel

y to

def

ine

met

rics

whi

ch a

re s

peci

fical

ly r

elat

ed

to t

hese

cha

nges

. The

que

stio

n re

lat-

ed t

o in

vasi

ve a

lien

spec

ies

(impa

ct

on e

xist

ing

indi

cato

rs, u

sefu

lnes

s as

po

tent

ial m

etric

s fo

r tr

acki

ng im

pact

s of

spe

cific

pre

ssur

es) a

s w

ell a

s re

latio

nshi

ps b

etw

een

clim

ate

chan

ge

and

the

area

of

dist

ribut

ion

of t

hese

sp

ecie

s al

so n

eed

to b

e ad

dres

sed.

REFR

ESH

(FP7

)Ad

aptiv

e st

rate

gies

to

miti

gate

the

impa

cts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

on

Eu-

rope

an f

resh

wat

er e

cosy

stem

s w

ww

.refr

esh.

ucl.a

c.uk

FRES

HCL

IM (F

P7)

Fres

hwat

er b

iodi

vers

ity a

nd c

omm

unity

com

posi

tion

in a

cha

ngin

g cl

i-m

ate:

fro

m e

cosy

stem

man

ipul

atio

n to

bio

geog

raph

ical

pat

tern

s

WET

win

(FP7

)W

e ar

e in

vest

igat

ing

the

impa

cts

of g

loba

l cha

nges

on

wet

land

s ec

osys

tem

s w

ith t

he h

elp

of a

s-se

ssm

ent

tool

s. W

ISER

: Riv

ers:

Del

iver

able

s 5.

5-2

to 5

.5-4

(Aug

ust

2011

and

Jan

uary

201

2)

62

Wor

king

Gro

up A

on

Ecol

ogic

al S

tatu

sRe

sear

ch

issu

eRe

sear

ch

need

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

4. R

econ

nect

-in

g th

e so

-ci

oeco

nom

ical

an

d bi

olog

i-ca

l iss

ues

10. T

o re

-in

forc

e th

e kn

owle

dge

on

rela

tions

hips

be

twee

n go

od

ecol

ogic

al

stat

us (G

ES),

biod

iver

sity

an

d ec

osys

-te

m’s

ser

vice

s

An u

nder

lyin

g as

sum

ptio

n of

WFD

is

tha

t re

stor

ing

or m

aint

aini

ng t

he

good

sta

tus

will

ben

efit

to b

iodi

ver-

sity

. Thi

s hy

poth

esis

has

not

bee

n ex

-pl

icitl

y te

sted

. It

is u

rgen

t to

exa

min

e w

hat

the

links

bet

wee

n go

od e

colo

gi-

cal s

tatu

s an

d bi

odiv

ersi

ty r

eally

are

, fo

r th

e di

ffer

ent

face

ts o

f bi

odiv

ersi

ty

(tax

onom

y, f

unct

iona

litie

s, g

enet

ic

aspe

cts)

. A b

ette

r un

ders

tand

ing

of

thes

e lin

ks h

ave

stro

ng im

plic

atio

ns

for

gove

rnan

ce a

t a

Euro

pean

leve

l an

d so

cioe

cono

mic

al is

sues

rel

ated

to

biod

iver

sity

con

serv

atio

n (‘m

illen

ium

ec

osys

tem

ass

essm

ent’)

. Mor

eove

r, th

e sc

ient

ific

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

rel

a-tio

ns b

etw

een

soci

ety

and

aqua

tic

syst

em p

olic

ies

shal

l be

impr

oved

. In

terd

isci

plin

ary

prog

ram

s w

ith

biol

ogis

ts, e

cono

mis

ts a

nd s

ocio

lo-

gist

s ne

ed t

o be

dev

elop

ed b

ecau

se

ecos

yste

m’s

hea

lth p

rovi

des

soci

ety

with

mul

tiple

eco

logi

cal s

ervi

ces,

am

ong

whi

ch e

cono

mic

al a

sset

s an

d so

cial

wel

l-be

ing.

Thi

s ap

proa

ch

wou

ld t

hen

prov

ide

a br

oade

r un

-de

rsta

ndin

g of

the

GES

in p

artic

ular

ho

w it

cou

ld b

e en

sure

d w

ith r

e-ga

rds

to s

ocio

econ

omic

al b

enef

its.

NEW

ATER

(FP6

)N

ew a

ppro

ache

s to

ada

ptiv

e w

ater

man

agem

ent

unde

r un

cert

aint

y ht

tp://

ww

w.n

ewat

er.u

ni-o

snab

ruec

k.de

/

WET

win

(FP7

)Ec

osys

tem

ser

vice

s ap

proa

ch. W

e ar

e in

vest

igat

ing

the

rela

tions

hip

betw

een

eco-

logi

cal s

tatu

s an

d ec

osys

tem

ser

vice

s in

cas

e of

wet

land

s.

AQEM

(FP5

)

STAR

(FP5

)

EURO

LIM

PACS

(FP6

) (W

P2, W

P7)

LIFE

08 E

NV/

IT/0

0041

3 IN

HAB

IT

MIR

AGE

(FP7

)

63

Wor

king

Gro

up C

on

Gro

undw

ater

Rese

arch

is

sue

Rese

arch

ne

edRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

6. P

rogr

amm

es

of m

easu

res

6.3.

Ass

essi

ng

the

effic

ienc

y of

mea

sure

s in

agr

icul

ture

Impl

emen

ting

effe

ctiv

e m

easu

res

in a

gric

ultu

re t

o pr

o-te

ct g

roun

dwat

er q

ualit

y an

d le

vels

is o

ne t

he m

ost

chal

leng

ing

issu

e fo

r th

e W

FD. B

ut u

nder

stan

ding

the

lin

ks b

etw

een

the

mea

sure

s an

d th

eir

effe

ct o

n gr

ound

-w

ater

bod

ies

stat

us is

not

eas

y an

d w

ater

man

ager

s w

ill

need

too

ls t

o as

sess

the

eff

icie

ncy

of t

he m

easu

res

STRI

VE ‘P

athw

ays’

EPA

Irel

and

(Hin

sby

et a

l., 2

012b

Que

ens

Uni

vers

ity B

elfa

st, T

rinity

Col

lege

Dub

-lin

, Uni

vers

ity C

olle

ge D

ublin

) will

ass

ist

in id

entif

ying

and

ap-

port

ioni

ng p

ollu

tant

load

s to

diff

eren

t pa

thw

ays

Agric

ultu

ral C

atch

men

ts P

rogr

amm

e (T

EAG

ASC

Irel

and)

cons

ider

ing

the

path

way

s an

d th

e ag

ricul

tura

l pra

ctic

es, t

o-w

ards

ach

ievi

ng b

ette

r ag

ricul

tura

l pra

ctic

e

COST

869

MIR

AGE

(FP7

)

AQU

ASTR

ESS

(FP6

— IP

)

64

Wor

king

Gro

up C

on

Gro

undw

ater

Rese

arch

is

sue

Rese

arch

ne

edRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

1. C

limat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

1.2.

Sur

face

w

ater

—

grou

ndw

ater

ch

ange

s in

in

tera

ctio

n

The

hypo

rhei

c zo

ne is

a c

ritic

al in

terf

ace

betw

een

grou

nd-

wat

er a

nd s

urfa

ce w

ater

env

ironm

ents

and

is s

how

n to

be

a dy

nam

ic z

one

of in

tera

ctio

n ch

arac

teris

ed b

y st

eep

chem

ical

an

d bi

olog

ical

gra

dien

ts. I

ts e

colo

gy is

an

impo

rtan

t co

mpo

-ne

nt o

n th

e fo

od w

eb a

nd h

as a

vita

l rol

e in

the

cyc

ling

and

proc

essi

ng o

f en

ergy

, car

bon

and

nutr

ient

s. T

he g

eoch

emic

al

and

mic

robi

al p

rope

rtie

s of

the

hyp

orhe

ic z

one

are

such

tha

t it

pres

ents

sig

nific

ant,

but

curr

ently

litt

le in

vest

igat

ed, o

ppor

-tu

nitie

s fo

r po

lluta

nt a

tten

uatio

n th

at m

ay r

educ

e th

e im

pact

s of

pol

lute

d gr

ound

wat

er o

n a

depe

nden

t riv

er e

cosy

stem

, or

vice

ver

sa. (

Sour

ce E

nviro

nmen

t Ag

ency

(Eng

land

and

Wal

es))

As d

evel

opm

ent

of la

nd a

nd w

ater

res

ourc

es in

crea

ses,

it is

ap

pare

nt t

hat

deve

lopm

ent

of e

ither

of

thes

e re

sour

ces

af-

fect

s th

e qu

antit

y an

d qu

ality

of

the

othe

r. N

early

all

surf

ace-

wat

er f

eatu

res

(str

eam

s, la

kes,

res

ervo

irs, w

etla

nds,

and

es

tuar

ies)

inte

ract

with

gro

undw

ater

. The

se in

tera

ctio

ns t

ake

man

y fo

rms.

In m

any

situ

atio

ns, s

urfa

ce-w

ater

bod

ies

gain

w

ater

and

sol

utes

fro

m g

roun

dwat

er s

yste

ms

and

in o

ther

s th

e su

rfac

e-w

ater

bod

y is

a s

ourc

e of

gro

undw

ater

rec

harg

e an

d ca

uses

cha

nges

in g

roun

dwat

er q

ualit

y. A

s a

resu

lt,

with

draw

al o

f w

ater

fro

m s

trea

ms

can

depl

ete

grou

ndw

ater

or

con

vers

ely,

pum

page

of

grou

ndw

ater

can

dep

lete

wat

er

in s

trea

ms,

lake

s or

wet

land

s. P

ollu

tion

of s

urfa

ce w

ater

can

ca

use

degr

adat

ion

of g

roun

dwat

er q

ualit

y an

d co

nver

sely

po

llutio

n of

gro

undw

ater

can

deg

rade

sur

face

wat

er. T

hus,

ef

fect

ive

land

and

wat

er m

anag

emen

t re

quire

s a

clea

r un

ders

tand

ing

of t

he li

nkag

es b

etw

een

grou

ndw

ater

and

su

rfac

e w

ater

as

it ap

plie

s to

any

giv

en h

ydro

logi

c se

ttin

g.

— R

ober

t M

. Hirs

ch, C

hief

Hyd

rolo

gist

, USG

SFr

om U

SGS

Circ

ular

113

9: G

roun

d W

a-te

r An

d Su

rfac

e W

ater

: A S

ingl

e Re

sour

ce

RexH

ySS

proj

ect

(ww

w.g

ip-e

cofo

r.org

); Cl

imat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

on

the

Sein

e an

d So

mm

e riv

ers

(Fra

nce)

GEN

ESIS

(FP7

)G

roun

dwat

er a

nd d

epen

dent

eco

syst

ems:

New

sci

entif

ic a

nd t

echn

o-lo

gica

l bas

is f

or a

sses

sing

clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd la

nd-u

se im

pact

s on

gr

ound

wat

er h

ttp:

//ww

w.b

iofo

rsk.

no/ik

bVie

wer

/pag

e/pr

osje

kt/

PREP

ARED

(FP7

)En

viro

nmen

tal c

once

rn-b

ased

reh

abili

tatio

n an

d in

vest

men

t pr

ogra

mm

es

for

wat

er s

uppl

y an

d sa

nita

tion

syst

ems

(incl

udin

g st

orm

wat

er)

http

://w

ww

.pre

pare

d-fp

7.eu

AQU

AREH

AB (F

P7)

Inno

vativ

e re

habi

litat

ion

tech

nolo

gies

for

soi

l, gr

ound

wat

er a

nd s

ur-

face

wat

er t

o co

pe w

ith a

num

ber

of d

iffer

ent

prio

rity

cont

amin

ants

(n

itrat

es, p

estic

ides

, chl

orin

ated

com

poun

ds, a

rom

atic

com

poun

ds,

mix

ed p

ollu

tions

, etc

.) w

ithin

hea

vily

deg

rade

d w

ater

sys

tem

s.

Two

rem

edia

tion

tech

nolo

gies

at

the

inte

rfac

e ar

e be

ing

cons

ider

ed, b

eing

w

etla

nds

and

stim

ulat

ed in

terp

hase

s. N

umer

ical

mod

els

are

bein

g co

n-st

ruct

ed t

o es

timat

e th

e in

flux

of

pollu

tant

s fr

om g

roun

dwat

er/ru

n-of

f in

the

sur

face

wat

er, a

nd t

he im

pact

of

the

tech

nolo

gies

on

this

infl

ux;

PREP

ARED

: exp

ecte

d re

sult

of W

ork

Area

5: P

lann

ing

for

resi

lient

wa-

ter

supp

ly a

nd s

anita

tion

syst

ems,

in e

spec

ially

nor

ther

n Eu

rope

http

s://a

quar

ehab

.vito

.be/

hom

e/Pa

ges/

hom

e.as

px

65

Wor

king

Gro

up C

on

Gro

undw

ater

Rese

arch

is

sue

Rese

arch

ne

edRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

5. P

ollu

tant

s5.

2. E

mer

ging

po

lluta

nts

Rese

arch

is n

eede

d to

bet

ter

unde

rsta

nd t

he in

put,

the

time

and

spac

e di

strib

utio

n an

d th

e fa

te o

f em

ergi

ng s

ubst

ance

s fr

om t

he s

oil t

o th

e gr

ound

wat

ers.

Stu

dies

into

the

tra

nsfe

r of

ph

arm

aceu

tical

pol

luta

nts

(for

exa

mpl

e) t

o th

e gr

ound

wat

er.

Anal

ytic

al d

evel

opm

ent

to e

nsur

e de

tect

ion

and

quan

tifi-

catio

n of

em

ergi

ng s

ubst

ance

s an

d th

eir

met

abol

ites

and

degr

adat

ion

prod

ucts

in d

iffer

ent

mat

rix is

als

o ne

cess

ary.

NO

RMAN

pro

ject

Jo

int

JRC

and

NO

RMAN

pro

ject

ong

oing

htt

p://w

ww

.nor

man

-net

wor

k.ne

t/in-

dex_

php.

php;

FP6

— N

etw

ork

of r

efer

ence

labo

rato

ries

and

rela

ted

orga

nisa

-tio

ns f

or m

onito

ring

and

bio-

mon

itorin

g of

em

ergi

ng e

nviro

nmen

tal p

ollu

tant

s

BGS

rese

arch

wor

k ht

tp://

ww

w.b

gs.a

c.uk

/rese

arch

/gro

undw

ater

/

http

://no

ra.n

erc.

ac.u

k/14

557/

1/O

R110

13.p

df

AQU

ATER

RATh

e no

vel m

easu

rem

ent

and

anal

yse

tech

niqu

es d

evel

oped

in A

QU

A-TE

RRA

allo

w t

o de

tect

mor

e an

d m

ore

com

poun

ds (i

ncl.

new

ly e

mit-

ted

com

poun

ds) t

oday

. Ana

lytic

al p

roto

cols

dev

elop

ed in

AQU

ATER

RA s

ubpr

ojec

t M

ON

ITO

R en

able

to

quan

tify

emer

ging

com

poun

ds (p

es-

ticid

es, p

harm

aceu

tical

s, il

licit

drug

s, p

olar

pes

ticid

es a

nd n

ew b

rom

inat

ed f

lam

e re

tard

ants

) and

som

e of

the

ir de

rivat

ives

. MO

NIT

OR

reco

mm

ends

incl

usio

n of

m

ain

tran

sfor

mat

ion

prod

ucts

of

sele

cted

pol

luta

nts

on t

he li

st o

f m

onito

red

com

poun

ds. M

ON

ITO

R re

com

men

ds d

evel

opm

ent

of r

isk-

asse

ssm

ent

met

hodo

lo-

gies

and

adv

ance

d m

easu

ring

syst

ems

for

diff

eren

t st

ages

of

was

tew

ater

tre

at-

men

t pl

ants

(WW

TP) a

nd t

o us

e th

em in

exi

stin

g an

d ne

w W

WTP

s to

ens

ure

good

pe

rfor

man

ce o

f W

WT

tech

nolo

gies

for

urb

an, i

ndus

tria

l and

agr

icul

tura

l pur

pose

s.

MO

NIT

OR

reco

mm

ends

the

use

of

pass

ive

sam

pler

s in

com

bina

tion

with

sca

ling

tech

niqu

es a

s a

tool

for

mon

itorin

g of

org

anic

pol

luta

nts

in r

iver

cat

chm

ents

.

AQU

AREH

AB (F

P7)

focu

ses

on t

ypic

al g

roun

dwat

er p

ollu

tant

s (v

ola-

tile

chlo

rinat

ed c

ompo

unds

, nitr

ates

, etc

.)

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: D

EET,

PFO

S

66

Wor

king

Gro

up C

on

Gro

undw

ater

Rese

arch

is

sue

Rese

arch

ne

edRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

5. P

ollu

tant

s5.

3. G

ood

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

pro

cess

in

volv

ed in

the

de

grad

atio

n of

em

ergi

ng

pollu

tant

s ne

eded

(soi

l, un

satu

rate

d zo

ne, d

eg-

rada

tion

prod

ucts

, etc

.)

Pollu

tant

s th

at h

ave

been

rec

ently

dis

cove

red

in t

he e

nviro

n-m

ent

(em

ergi

ng p

ollu

tant

s) s

uch

as e

ndoc

rinia

l dis

rupt

ors

resu

lting

fro

m d

egra

datio

n of

som

e or

gani

c co

mpo

unds

or

intr

oduc

tion

of p

harm

aceu

tical

s in

to t

he e

nviro

nmen

t. Pr

evi-

ousl

y th

ese

wer

e un

know

n or

unr

ecog

nise

d po

lluta

nts.

Emer

ging

pol

luta

nts

are

gene

rally

not

incl

uded

in t

he le

-gi

slat

ion

(non

-prio

rity

pollu

tant

s) e

mer

ging

che

mic

al r

isks

, em

ergi

ng is

sues

and

sho

rt-c

ircui

ting

risks

, lon

g-es

tabl

ishe

d,

wid

ely

reco

gnis

ed r

isks

, as

POPs

(per

sist

ent

orga

nic

pollu

-ta

nts)

or

PBT

(per

sist

ent

bioa

ccum

ulat

ive

toxi

cant

s); r

isks

to

gro

undw

ater

and

the

wid

er e

nviro

nmen

t ar

e in

crea

s-in

g du

e to

incr

easi

ng u

se. H

idde

n, la

tent

ris

ks (p

revi

ousl

y un

reco

gnis

ed r

isk

exis

ting

for

som

e tim

e, n

ow r

ecog

nise

d,

as P

PCPs

); fu

ture

ris

ks, c

urre

ntly

not

-exi

stin

g ris

ks (n

ew

gene

ratio

n of

che

mic

als/

drug

s su

bjec

ted

to a

ppro

val)

(sou

rce:

EU

GRI

S)

AQU

ATER

RAM

icro

biol

ogic

al w

ork

reve

aled

fun

ctio

nal a

ctiv

ities

and

com

posi

tion

of m

i-cr

obia

l com

mun

ities

in t

he B

révi

lles,

Dan

ube,

Ebr

o an

d El

be. D

etai

ls o

f th

e Eb

ro r

iver

sed

imen

t sh

ow t

hat

bact

eria

l com

mun

ities

cha

nge

seas

on-

ally

and

spa

tially

. Thi

s im

plie

s th

at t

urno

ver

of p

ollu

tant

s va

ries

loca

lly, d

e-pe

ndin

g on

tem

pera

ture

, pH

and

oth

er k

ey e

nviro

nmen

tal p

aram

eter

s.

AQU

AREH

AB (F

P7)

focu

sses

on

pollu

tant

rem

oval

pro

cess

es in

the

sat

urat

ed z

one.

Inno

vate

ch (F

P6)

2. G

roun

dwa-

ter

depe

nden

t ec

osys

tem

s

2.1.

Eco

sys-

tem

req

uire

-m

ents

—

clas

sific

atio

n sy

stem

The

WFD

crit

eria

for

gro

undw

ater

goo

d ch

emic

al a

nd

quan

titat

ive

stat

us in

clud

e th

e po

tent

ial d

amag

e ca

used

by

gro

undw

ater

s on

dep

ende

nt e

cosy

stem

s. B

ut v

ery

little

info

rmat

ion

is a

vaila

ble

toda

y to

asc

erta

in th

e lin

k-ag

es a

nd s

ensi

tiviti

es o

f gr

ound

wat

er d

epen

dent

eco

-sy

stem

s to

cha

ngin

g le

vels

and

flo

ws,

or

pollu

tant

s as

a

basi

s fo

r se

ttin

g th

resh

old

valu

es a

nd/o

r st

anda

rds.

Rese

arch

res

ults

in t

his

area

will

con

trib

ute

to t

he r

e-vi

sion

of

the

risk

asse

ssm

ent

requ

ired

by t

he W

FD

in 2

013,

to

the

revi

sion

of

mon

itorin

g pr

ogra

mm

es

from

201

5 an

d to

est

ablis

hing

crit

eria

for

ach

iev-

ing

good

sta

tus

(che

mic

al a

nd q

uant

itativ

e).

Hin

sby

et a

l., 2

012b

Tur

loug

hs r

esea

rch

proj

ect

near

ing

com

plet

ion

(Trin

ity C

olle

ge D

ublin

); W

ork

bein

g do

ne (T

rinity

Col

lege

Dub

lin) o

n cl

assi

fy-

ing

GW

DTE

and

est

ablis

hing

GW

DTE

TVs

htt

p://w

ww

.foru

m-m

arai

s-at

l.com

UK

Wet

land

Tas

k Te

am a

ppro

ach

for

esta

blis

hing

wet

land

TVs

; UK-

TAG

pap

ers

(Mar

k W

hite

man

, etc

.) on

ass

essi

ng G

WD

TE

GEN

ESIS

(FP7

)

67

Wor

king

Gro

up C

on

Gro

undw

ater

Rese

arch

is

sue

Rese

arch

ne

edRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

2. G

roun

dwa-

ter

depe

nden

t ec

osys

tem

s

2.3.

Crit

eria

fo

r en

viro

n-m

enta

l qua

lity

obje

ctiv

es

As 2

.1. T

he W

FD c

riter

ia f

or g

roun

dwat

er g

ood

chem

i-ca

l and

qua

ntita

tive

stat

us in

clud

e th

e po

tent

ial d

amag

e ca

used

by

grou

ndw

ater

s on

dep

ende

nt e

cosy

stem

s. B

ut

very

litt

le in

form

atio

n is

ava

ilabl

e to

asc

erta

in t

he li

nk-

ages

and

sen

sitiv

ities

of

grou

ndw

ater

dep

ende

nt e

co-

syst

ems

to c

hang

ing

leve

ls a

nd f

low

s, o

r po

lluta

nts

as

a ba

sis

for

sett

ing

thre

shol

d va

lues

and

/or

stan

dard

s.

Rese

arch

res

ults

in t

his

area

will

con

trib

ute

to t

he r

e-vi

sion

of

the

risk

asse

ssm

ent

requ

ired

by t

he W

FD

in 2

013,

to

the

revi

sion

of

mon

itorin

g pr

ogra

mm

es

from

201

5 an

d to

est

ablis

hing

crit

eria

for

ach

iev-

ing

good

sta

tus

(che

mic

al a

nd q

uant

itativ

e).

Hin

sby

et a

l., 2

012b

Wor

k be

ing

done

(Trin

ity C

olle

ge D

ub-

lin) o

n cl

assi

fyin

g G

WD

TE a

nd e

stab

lishi

ng G

WD

TE T

Vs

UK

Wet

land

Tas

k Te

am a

ppro

ach

for

esta

blis

hing

wet

land

TVs

GEN

ESIS

(FP7

)

AQU

AREH

AB (F

P7)

does

not

foc

us o

n fix

ed v

alue

s bu

t ra

ther

on

iden

tify-

ing

whe

re a

vaila

ble

mon

ey f

or q

ualit

y im

prov

emen

ts c

an b

e in

-ve

sted

the

bes

t, an

d re

sults

with

the

hig

hest

cos

t/eff

ect

ratio

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: In

nova

tech

(FP6

), M

IRAG

E (F

P7)

1. C

limat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

1.4.

Cha

nges

in

gro

undw

a-te

r ch

emis

try

due

to c

limat

e ch

ange

Resu

lts in

thi

s ar

ea a

re e

xpec

ted

for

the

2nd

and

the

3rd

river

bas

in m

anag

emen

t pl

ans

(sta

rtin

g re

spec

tivel

y in

20

15 a

nd 2

021)

in w

hich

Mem

ber

Stat

es w

ill h

ave

to p

re-

sent

mea

sure

s on

ada

ptat

ion

to c

limat

e ch

ange

eff

ects

.

BRID

GE

(FP7

)‘G

uida

nce

on g

roun

dwat

er s

tatu

s an

d tr

ends

’, co

mm

on im

plem

enta

tion

stra

tegy

fo

r th

e W

FD, G

uida

nce

docu

men

t N

o 18

. Nov

embe

r 20

09.

Mod

ellin

g of

Nitr

ate

pollu

tion

(Arm

ines

) Hin

sby

et a

l., 2

008,

201

2a, b

; Son

-ne

nbor

g et

al.,

201

1; S

ulzb

ache

r et

al.,

201

2; V

ande

nboh

ede

et a

l., 2

011.

AQU

ATER

RA (F

P6)

In A

QU

ATER

RA s

ubpr

ojec

t BI

OG

EOCH

EM it

was

fou

nd t

hat

shift

s fr

om o

xic

to a

noxi

c co

nditi

ons

afte

r fl

oods

cau

se r

elea

se o

f or

gani

c co

lloid

s an

d in

tur

n pe

rsis

tent

org

anic

pol

luta

nts

and

redo

x se

nsiti

ve in

orga

nic

com

-po

unds

. Suc

h ef

fect

s w

ill b

ecom

e ev

en m

ore

pron

ounc

ed in

are

as o

f m

ore

freq

uent

flo

odin

g as

col

loid

-fac

ilita

ted

tran

spor

t af

fect

s th

e sp

ecia

tion,

di

strib

utio

n an

d bi

oava

ilabi

lity

of c

onta

min

ants

with

in t

he f

lood

plai

n ec

o-sy

stem

. Aft

er lo

ng d

roug

hts

pref

eren

tial f

low

will

enh

ance

ver

tical

tra

ns-

port

of

pollu

tant

s to

gro

undw

ater

. htt

p://e

u-aq

uate

rra.

de/5

.0.h

tml

68

Wor

king

Gro

up C

on

Gro

undw

ater

Rese

arch

is

sue

Rese

arch

ne

edRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

1. C

limat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

1.10

. Met

hod-

olog

y to

ass

ess

grou

ndw

ater

vu

lner

abil-

ity t

o cl

imat

e ch

ange

(pri-

mar

y an

d se

cond

ary

effe

cts)

, vis

u-al

isat

ion

tool

s

Beca

use

Mem

ber

Stat

es a

nd w

ater

man

ager

s w

ill h

ave

to

incl

ude

adap

tatio

n to

clim

ate

chan

ge e

ffec

ts in

the

fut

ure

prog

ram

me

of m

easu

res

requ

ired

by t

he W

FD a

nd b

ecau

se

they

are

not

spe

cial

ist

of c

limat

e ch

ange

eff

ects

, met

hodo

lo-

gies

and

vis

ualis

atio

ns t

ools

sho

uld

be d

evel

oped

to

help

th

em a

sses

sing

gro

undw

ater

vul

nera

bilit

y to

clim

ate

chan

ge.

Resu

lts in

thi

s ar

ea a

re e

xpec

ted

for

the

2nd

and

the

3rd

river

bas

in m

anag

emen

t pl

ans

(sta

rtin

g re

spec

tivel

y in

20

15 a

nd 2

021)

in w

hich

Mem

ber

Stat

es w

ill h

ave

to p

re-

sent

mea

sure

s on

ada

ptat

ion

to c

limat

e ch

ange

eff

ects

.

ON

EMA-

BRG

M a

ctio

n 20

10-2

011;

Exp

lore

207

0 (o

ngoi

ng r

esea

rch

proj

ect)

H

insb

y et

al.,

200

8, 2

012a

, b; R

asm

usse

n et

al.,

201

2; S

onne

nbor

g et

al.,

201

1.

EURO

-LIM

PACS

-FP6

Inte

grat

ed p

roje

ct t

o ev

alua

te t

he im

pact

s of

glo

bal c

hang

e on

Eur

o-pe

an f

resh

wat

er e

cosy

stem

s ht

tp://

ww

w.re

fres

h.uc

l.ac.

uk

IMVU

LTo

war

ds im

prov

ed g

roun

dwat

er v

ulne

rabi

lity

asse

ss-

men

t ht

tp://

ww

w.s

ee.le

eds.

ac.u

k/im

vul/i

ndex

.htm

PREP

ARED

(FP7

)ex

pect

ed r

esul

t of

Wor

k Ar

ea 2

: Ris

k as

sess

men

t an

d ris

k m

anag

emen

t

CIRC

E (F

P6 —

IP)

2. G

roun

dwat

er-

depe

nden

t ec

osys

tem

s

2.2.

Cla

ssifi

-ca

tion

of G

W

fluc

tuat

ion/

hydr

olog

y

Know

ledg

e of

the

con

ditio

ns c

ausi

ng e

colo

gica

l dam

-ag

e in

GW

DTE

s, a

nd o

f G

WD

TE in

tera

ctio

ns w

ith g

roun

d-w

ater

, rem

ains

a d

evel

opin

g fie

ld. A

sses

smen

ts o

f co

nfid

ence

will

alw

ays

be s

ite-s

peci

fic in

volv

ing

a su

b-je

ctiv

e ev

alua

tion

of o

verla

ppin

g hy

drog

eolo

gica

l and

ec

olog

ical

line

s of

evi

denc

e (s

ourc

e: U

KTAG

201

2)

GEN

ESIS

(FP7

)

AQU

AREH

AB (F

P7)

GW

hyd

rolo

gy is

nee

ded

to g

et a

n id

ea o

f th

e dy

nam

ics

of t

he g

roun

dwat

er

and

the

impa

ct o

f po

llutio

ns a

nd r

emed

iatio

n te

chno

logi

es a

t a

larg

er s

cale

.

MIR

AGE

(FP7

)

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: S

tate

of

the

envi

ronm

ent

RMC,

NAP

ROM

Tur

-lo

ughs

res

earc

h pr

ojec

t ne

arin

g co

mpl

etio

n (T

rinity

Col

lege

Dub

-lin

), U

KTAG

pap

ers

(Mar

k W

hite

man

, etc

.) on

ass

essi

ng G

WD

TE

69

Wor

king

Gro

up E

on

Chem

ical

Asp

ects

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

2. P

riorit

y su

b-st

ance

s in

sur

-fa

ce w

ater

s

2.1.

Dev

elop

men

t an

d im

prov

emen

t of

sui

tabl

e ha

rmo-

nise

d an

alyt

ical

pr

oced

ures

for

new

pr

iorit

y su

bsta

nces

Dep

endi

ng o

n th

e fin

al li

st o

f su

bsta

nces

it h

as t

o be

che

cked

whe

ther

met

hods

exi

st w

hich

are

sui

t-ab

le t

o pr

oduc

e re

liabl

e an

d co

mpa

rabl

e re

sults

for

‘w

hole

wat

ers’

. Met

hods

hav

e to

be

suita

ble

to w

ork

with

wat

er s

ampl

es w

ith a

sol

id p

artic

ulat

e m

atte

r (S

PM) c

onte

nt o

f at

leas

t 0.

5 g/

l. In

add

ition

the

y ha

ve

to b

e se

nsiti

ve e

noug

h to

allo

w a

mon

itorin

g be

low

th

e fu

ture

env

ironm

enta

l qua

lity

stan

dard

s (E

QS)

an

d ha

ve t

o be

pro

perly

val

idat

ed a

nd h

arm

onis

ed

SOCO

PSE

(FP6

) So

urce

con

trol

of

prio

rity

subs

tanc

es in

Eur

ope

http

://w

ww

.soc

opse

.se/

EAQ

C-W

ISE

(FP6

) Eu

rope

an a

naly

tical

qua

lity

cont

rol i

n su

ppor

t of

the

wat

er f

ram

e-w

ork

dire

ctiv

e vi

a th

e w

ater

info

rmat

ion

syst

em f

or E

urop

e

http

://w

ww

.eaq

c-w

ise.

net/

Eura

qua,

ful

l cov

erag

e: P

FAS

PT: P

roje

ct S

CARC

Ew

ww

.idae

a.cs

ic.e

s/sc

arce

cons

olid

er

1. In

tegr

ated

st

rate

gy a

nd

holis

tic R

& D

ap

proa

ches

1.2.

Har

mon

isat

ion

of

know

ledg

e ba

sis

and

stra

tegi

c ap

proa

ches

fo

r ch

emic

als

in

Euro

pean

pol

icie

s

Diff

eren

t po

licie

s de

alin

g w

ith c

hem

ical

s —

not

ably

RE

ACH

, but

als

o IP

PC a

nd E

U d

irect

ives

on

was

te,

prod

ucts

and

ele

ctro

nics

as

wel

l as

inte

rnat

iona

l co

nven

tions

on

air

and

mar

ine

pollu

tion

— n

eed

to b

e in

tegr

ated

in t

erm

s of

a c

omm

on k

now

ledg

e ba

se f

or s

ourc

es, f

ate,

tra

nspo

rt, e

colo

gica

l im

-pa

cts,

aba

tem

ent

optio

ns a

nd t

heir

effic

ienc

y an

d so

cioe

cono

mic

impa

cts.

Hig

hest

prio

rity

shou

ld b

e gi

ven

to s

ourc

e id

entif

icat

ion,

con

trol

mea

sure

s an

d m

odel

ling

tool

s to

des

crib

e en

viro

nmen

tal f

ate

and

ecol

ogic

al s

tatu

s. T

rans

pare

ncy

and

avai

labi

lity

of

info

rmat

ion

shou

ld b

e as

sess

ed a

nd p

ropo

sals

for

ha

rmon

isat

ion

and

inte

grat

ion

shou

ld b

e de

velo

ped.

AQU

AREH

AB (F

P7)

http

s://a

quar

ehab

.vito

.be/

hom

e/Pa

ges/

hom

e.as

px

Eura

qua,

par

tial c

over

age:

PFA

S

PT: E

urop

ean

mar

ine

stra

tegy

fra

mew

ork

dire

ctiv

e (M

SFD

) PT

: Soi

l the

mat

ic s

trat

egy

COM

(200

6) 2

31PT

: REA

CHPT

: PPP

- 20

09/1

28/C

ED

E: In

tera

ctio

ns R

EACH

and

oth

er c

hem

ical

legi

slat

ion

(RIV

M R

epor

t 60

1375

001)

: ht

tp://

ww

w.re

ach-

help

desk

.info

/file

adm

in/re

ach/

doku

men

te/R

EACh

-EEE

/Inte

ract

ions

_RE

ACH

_Bod

ar_e

t_al

_201

0.pd

fD

E: E

ffec

tive

cont

rol o

f su

bsta

nces

of

very

hig

h co

ncer

n: h

ttp:

//w

ww

.reac

h-in

fo.d

e/do

kum

ente

/pbt

_kon

trol

le-e

ngl.p

df

New

: Rel

atio

nshi

ps

betw

een

ecol

ogic

al,

chem

ical

and

bio

-lo

gica

l sta

tus

need

s to

be

stud

ied.

See/

linke

d to

2.8

70

Wor

king

Gro

up E

on

Chem

ical

Asp

ects

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

2. P

riorit

y su

b-st

ance

s in

sur

-fa

ce w

ater

s

2.2.

Dev

elop

men

t an

d im

prov

emen

t of

sa

mpl

ing

proc

edur

es

and

tech

niqu

es f

or

exis

ting

and

new

pr

iorit

y su

bsta

nces

For

surv

eilla

nce/

com

plia

nce

mon

itorin

g a

suita

ble

set

of m

etho

ds e

xist

s (m

ost

of t

he m

etho

ds a

re

stan

dard

ised

on

ISO

leve

l (IS

O 5

667

serie

s, i.

e. IS

O

5667

ser

ies)

). N

ever

thel

ess,

for

the

R &

D c

lust

er ‘v

i-si

ons’

pas

sive

sam

plin

g an

d au

tom

ated

sam

plin

g te

chni

ques

are

pro

mis

ing

appr

oach

es t

o ov

erco

me

exis

ting

prob

lem

s —

the

re is

an

urge

nt n

eed

for

de-

velo

pmen

t of

env

ironm

enta

l sam

plin

g m

etho

ds t

hat

prov

ide

repr

esen

tativ

e da

ta w

ith a

red

uced

leve

l of

unce

rtai

nty

— r

ecen

tly u

sed

appr

oach

usi

ng g

rab/

spot

sam

ples

pro

vide

s on

ly a

sna

psho

t pi

ctur

e at

the

tim

e of

sam

plin

g an

d is

oft

en n

ot s

ensi

tive

enou

gh t

o de

tect

tra

ce le

vels

of

subs

tanc

es —

pot

entia

l of

pas-

sive

sam

pler

s: in

tegr

ativ

e pa

ssiv

e sa

mpl

ing

prov

ides

sa

mpl

es t

hat

are

repr

esen

tativ

e fo

r lo

ng t

ime

perio

ds

(up

to s

ever

al w

eeks

); ho

mog

eneo

us s

ampl

es a

re p

ro-

duce

d w

ith a

red

uced

leve

l of

mat

rix u

ncer

tain

ty w

ith

impr

oved

met

hod

sens

itivi

ty t

hat

allo

ws

quan

tific

atio

n of

con

tam

inan

ts a

t tr

ace

leve

ls (d

own

to p

g/L

leve

ls)

SWIF

T W

FD —

(FP6

)

Del

iver

able

D44

Rep

ort

on la

bora

tory

and

fie

ld v

alid

atio

ns o

f sc

reen

ing

tool

s ba

sed

on p

erfo

rman

ce c

riter

ia e

valu

atio

n.

The

mai

n ob

ject

ive

of t

his

repo

rt is

to

eval

uate

the

per

form

ance

s of

som

e se

lect

ed

alte

rnat

ive/

scre

enin

g m

etho

ds (p

hysi

co-c

hem

ical

, bio

sens

ors,

bio

assa

ys, e

tc.)

in

labo

rato

ry a

nd in

fie

ld c

ondi

tions

and

to

com

pare

to

the

spec

ifica

tions

men

tione

d by

th

e m

anuf

actu

re.

(FP5

) STA

MPS

, (FP

6) S

WIF

T-W

FD, I

CES-

ICES

Pas

sive

Sam

plin

g Tr

ial S

urve

y an

d in

terc

alib

ratio

n, A

QU

AREF

— in

terla

bora

tory

cal

ibra

tion

stud

y 20

10, N

ORM

AN (F

P6)

— in

terla

bora

tory

stu

dy u

nder

pre

para

tion

for

2011

Eura

qua,

ful

l cov

erag

e: P

FAS

PT: I

SO 5

667

part

23

PT: P

roje

ct N

ORM

AN (F

P6)

(FP5

) STA

MPS

, (FP

6) S

WIF

T-W

FD, I

CES-

ICES

Pas

sive

Sam

plin

g Tr

ial S

urve

y an

d in

-te

rcal

ibra

tion,

AQ

UAR

EF —

inte

rlabo

rato

ry c

alib

ratio

n st

udy

2010

, NO

RMAN

(FP6

) —

inte

rlabo

rato

ry s

tudy

und

er p

repa

ratio

n fo

r 20

11 (N

ot d

iscu

ssed

dur

ing

the

mee

ting)

71

Wor

king

Gro

up E

on

Chem

ical

Asp

ects

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

2. P

riorit

y su

b-st

ance

s in

sur

-fa

ce w

ater

s

2.9.

Non

-tar

get

anal

y-si

s an

d sc

reen

ing

Non

-tar

get

anal

ysis

/scr

eeni

ng is

a s

uita

ble

sup-

plem

ent

or c

ount

erpa

rt f

or t

he b

io-a

ssay

s ne

ces-

sary

for

est

ablis

hmen

t of

the

list

s of

riv

er b

asin

sp

ecifi

c po

lluta

nts

and

thei

r pr

iorit

isat

ion

SWIF

T W

FD —

(FP6

)

Del

iver

able

D44

Rep

ort

on la

bora

tory

and

fie

ld v

alid

atio

ns o

f sc

reen

ing

tool

s ba

sed

on p

erfo

rman

ce c

riter

ia e

valu

atio

n.

The

mai

n ob

ject

ive

of t

his

repo

rt is

to

eval

uate

the

per

form

ance

s of

so

me

sele

cted

alte

rnat

ive/

scre

enin

g m

etho

ds (p

hysi

co-c

hem

ical

, bio

sen-

sors

, bio

assa

ys, e

tc.)

in la

bora

tory

and

in f

ield

con

ditio

ns a

nd t

o co

m-

pare

to

the

spec

ifica

tions

men

tione

d by

the

man

ufac

ture

.

MO

DEL

KEY

(FP6

), N

ORM

AN (F

P6)

BE 1

: htt

p://w

ww

.pha

rmas

-eu.

org/

BE 1

: htt

p://w

ww

.kna

ppe-

eu.o

rg/

BE 1

: htt

p://w

ww

.pill

s-pr

ojec

t.eu/

inde

x.ph

p?id

=126

BE 1

: New

slet

ter

NO

RMAN

(FP6

): ht

tp://

ww

w.n

orm

an-n

etw

ork.

net/i

ndex

_php

.php

BE 2

: (FP

6) S

WIF

T-W

FD P

roje

ct: S

cree

ning

met

hods

for

Wat

er d

ata

InFo

rmaT

ion

in s

uppo

rt o

f th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of t

he W

ater

Fra

mew

ork

Dire

ctiv

e —

the

200

6 de

liver

able

s (p

ublic

acc

ess)

are

ava

ilabl

e on

htt

p://c

ordi

s.eu

ropa

.eu/

sear

ch/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.doc

umen

t&PJ

_LAN

G=E

N&

PJ_R

CN=7

4934

14&

pid=

1&q=

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17D

1417

1654

1F09

4289

B684

0862

48&

type

=sim

(+ 2

006–

07 p

rese

ntat

ions

ava

ilabl

e on

‘Eve

nts

and

Wor

ksho

ps’ p

age)

.LT

: htt

p://w

ww

3.iv

l.se/

rapp

orte

r/pdf

/B18

74.p

dfPT

: Pro

ject

NO

RMAN

(FP6

) FR

: CH

EMSC

REEN

(FP

7)

4. D

evel

op-

men

t of

en-

viro

nmen

tal

qual

ity s

tand

-ar

ds (E

QS)

4.1.

Rev

iew

and

te

stin

g of

EQ

STh

ere

is a

cle

ar o

ppor

tuni

ty f

or a

gre

ater

use

to

be m

ade

of e

xist

ing

mon

itorin

g da

ta f

or m

any

of

the

prio

rity

subs

tanc

es in

ord

er t

o te

st t

he (e

nvi-

ronm

enta

l) re

leva

nce

of E

QSs

est

ablis

hed

on t

he

basi

s of

labo

rato

ry t

oxic

ity d

ata.

Wid

espr

ead

non-

com

plia

nce

at t

he C

omm

unity

leve

l (as

it is

the

ca

se f

or H

g) s

houl

d in

itiat

e a

revi

ew o

f th

e EQ

S.

LT: h

ttp:

//ww

w.h

elco

m.fi

/pro

ject

s/on

_goi

ng/e

n_G

B/co

rese

t/FR

: CH

EEM

(FP7

)LT

: htt

p://w

ww

.bon

uspo

rtal

.org

/BEA

STLT

: htt

p://w

ww

.bee

p.u-

bord

eaux

1.fr

/

72

Wor

king

Gro

up E

on

Chem

ical

Asp

ects

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

2. P

riorit

y su

b-st

ance

s in

sur

-fa

ce w

ater

s

2.5.

Rel

atio

nshi

p an

d in

tera

ctio

ns b

etw

een

conc

entr

atio

ns o

f pr

i-or

ity s

ubst

ance

s in

the

th

ree

mat

rixes

: wat

er,

sedi

men

t an

d bi

ota

Inve

stig

atio

ns n

eede

d on

the

com

para

bilit

y an

d co

n-si

sten

cy b

etw

een

chem

ical

sta

tus

asse

ssm

ents

as

dete

rmin

ed f

rom

mea

sure

men

ts in

wat

er, s

edim

ent

or

biot

a. T

he m

onito

ring

shou

ld d

iscr

imin

ate

betw

een

the

optim

al m

atric

es f

or h

azar

dous

sub

stan

ces

anal

ysis

, i.e

. wat

er f

or h

ydro

phili

c an

d su

spen

ded

mat

ter,

sedi

-m

ent

and

biot

ic t

issu

es f

or h

ydro

phob

ic c

ompo

unds

.

MO

DEL

KEY

(FP6

)

Eura

qua,

par

tial c

over

age:

Aqu

aStr

ess

(FP6

— IP

)

Eura

qua,

ful

l cov

erag

e: M

IRAG

E (F

P7);

PFAS

PT: h

ttp:

//cor

dis.

euro

pa.e

u/se

arch

/inde

x.cf

m?f

usea

ctio

n=pr

oj.d

ocum

ent&

PJ_

LAN

G=E

N&

PJ_R

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26F2

C8C4

918F

3018

77C1

9070

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&ty

pe=s

imPT

: ISO

174

02PT

: Pro

ject

SCA

RCE

2. P

riorit

y su

b-st

ance

s in

sur

-fa

ce w

ater

s

2.6.

Dev

elop

men

t of

bio

-ind

icat

ors/

bio-

assa

ys f

or g

roup

s of

sub

stan

ces

For

emer

ging

pol

luta

nts

of h

igh

prio

rity,

incl

udin

g th

ose

from

the

gro

ups

of h

orm

ones

and

pha

rmac

eutic

als,

ne

w b

iom

arke

rs a

nd b

ioas

says

sho

uld

be d

evel

oped

. Th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

app

roac

hes

to a

naly

se c

ombi

ned

effe

cts

of c

hem

ical

s (i.

e. c

hem

ical

mix

ture

s) is

als

o a

maj

or r

esea

rch

need

. The

sta

rtin

g po

int

for

the

deve

l-op

men

t of

the

se b

ioas

says

is t

he u

nder

stan

ding

of

the

mod

e of

act

ion

of c

onta

min

ants

. Bio

-ind

icat

ors/

bio-

assa

ys c

ould

pro

vide

an

early

war

ning

sig

nal o

f de

lete

-rio

us b

iolo

gica

l eff

ects

. Fur

ther

mor

e, a

pre

-scr

eeni

ng

with

bio

-ass

essm

ent

tool

s su

ch a

s in

vitr

o te

sts

help

s to

iden

tify

pollu

tant

s re

spon

sibl

e fo

r th

e ob

serv

ed

effe

cts.

Inte

grat

ive

bio-

asse

ssm

ent

tool

s ha

ve t

he

adva

ntag

e of

tak

ing

into

acc

ount

the

bio

avai

labi

lity

of c

onta

min

ants

, and

allo

w t

he in

clus

ion

of h

ealth

-re

late

d in

form

atio

n an

d da

ta t

o th

e se

t of

info

rmat

ion.

SWIF

T W

FD —

(FP6

)

Del

iver

able

D44

Rep

ort

on la

bora

tory

and

fie

ld v

alid

atio

ns o

f sc

reen

ing

tool

s ba

sed

on p

erfo

rman

ce c

riter

ia e

valu

atio

n.

The

mai

n ob

ject

ive

of t

his

repo

rt is

to

eval

uate

the

per

form

ance

s of

so

me

sele

cted

alte

rnat

ive/

scre

enin

g m

etho

ds (p

hysi

co-c

hem

ical

, bio

sen-

sors

, bio

assa

ys, e

tc.)

in la

bora

tory

and

in f

ield

con

ditio

ns a

nd t

o co

m-

pare

to

the

spec

ifica

tions

men

tione

d by

the

man

ufac

ture

.

AQU

AREH

AB

PT: P

roje

ct N

ORM

AN (F

P6)

LT: h

ttp:

//ww

w.b

onus

port

al.o

rg/B

EAST

LT: h

ttp:

//ww

w.b

eep.

u-bo

rdea

ux1.

fr/

New

: Use

of

eco-

toxi

colo

gy t

ools

to

link

chem

ical

and

ec

olog

ical

sta

tus

See/

linke

d to

2.8

73

Wor

king

Gro

up E

on

Chem

ical

Asp

ects

Rese

arch

ar

eaRe

sear

ch is

sue

Rese

arch

issu

e de

scri

ptio

nPa

rtia

lly c

over

ed b

y

6. Id

entif

ica-

tion

of p

os-

sibl

e fu

ture

pr

iorit

y su

bsta

nces

6.1.

Iden

tific

atio

n of

pos

sibl

e fu

ture

pr

iorit

y su

bsta

nces

Idea

of

a pa

n-Eu

rope

an c

ampa

ign

to c

olle

ct m

ulti-

site

s in

-dep

th c

onta

min

atio

n pr

ofile

s of

riv

er s

edim

ents

(c

hron

ogra

ms)

, usi

ng t

arge

t an

d no

n-ta

rget

ana

lyt-

ical

scr

eeni

ngs,

to

reve

al t

hose

ads

orbe

d pe

rsis

tent

co

ntam

inan

ts w

hich

do

exhi

bit

upw

ard

tren

ds; i

dea

of e

xplo

ring

the

capa

bilit

y of

pas

sive

sam

pler

s (s

ub-

mer

ged

into

the

wat

er c

olum

n or

by

the

sedi

men

t be

d)

to s

cree

n an

d re

veal

the

pre

senc

e of

som

e po

tent

ially

bi

o ac

cum

ulat

ive

new

sub

stan

ces

of s

igni

fican

ce a

t th

e EU

sca

le, a

nd w

hose

impo

rtan

ce w

ould

not

hav

e be

en id

entif

ied

from

con

vent

iona

l wat

er s

ampl

es

mea

sure

men

ts; a

ltern

ativ

e ap

proa

ches

to

deriv

e ca

n-di

date

sub

stan

ces

for

cons

ider

atio

n as

prio

rity

pollu

-ta

nts

in m

onito

ring

prog

ram

mes

nee

d to

be

deve

lope

d ba

sed

on t

he e

ffec

t di

rect

ed a

naly

sis

(ED

A) s

tudi

es.

MO

DEL

KEY

(FP6

) Eu

raqu

a, p

artia

l cov

erag

e: P

FAS

PT: P

roje

ct N

ORM

AN (F

P6)

PT: I

SO 5

667

part

23

PT: A

QU

AREF

PT: P

roje

ct S

CARC

EBE

2: (

FP6)

NO

RMAN

Pro

ject

(Net

wor

k of

Ref

eren

ce L

abor

ator

ies

for

Mon

itorin

g of

Em

ergi

ng S

ubst

ance

s), a

nd N

ORM

AN n

etw

ork

sinc

e 20

09: h

ttp:

//ww

w.n

orm

an-

netw

ork.

net/i

ndex

_php

.php

?men

u2=p

ublic

/abo

ut_u

s/ab

out_

us&

mod

ule=

publ

ic/

abou

t_us

/hom

eBE

2: (

FP6)

NO

RMAN

Pro

ject

(Net

wor

k of

Ref

eren

ce L

abor

ator

ies

for

Mon

itorin

g of

Em

ergi

ng S

ubst

ance

s), a

nd N

ORM

AN (F

P6) n

etw

ork

sinc

e 20

09: h

ttp:

//ww

w.n

orm

an-n

etw

ork.

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ndex

_php

.php

?men

u2=p

ublic

/ab

out_

us/a

bout

_us&

mod

ule=

publ

ic/a

bout

_us/

hom

e

Wid

e, s

yste

mat

ic a

nd h

arm

onis

ed c

olle

ctio

n of

mon

itorin

g da

ta o

n le

ss-i

nves

-tig

ated

com

poun

ds in

a c

omm

on E

U d

atab

ase

(res

ults

issu

ed f

rom

EU

-fun

ded

rese

arch

pro

ject

s, a

d ho

c m

onito

ring

cam

paig

ns in

EU

, etc

.) w

ould

be

requ

ired

2. P

riorit

y su

b-st

ance

s in

sur

-fa

ce w

ater

s

2.7.

Val

idat

ion

of

exis

ting

bio-

test

sys

tem

s

Ther

e is

a la

ck o

f kn

owle

dge

whe

ther

exi

stin

g to

ols

are

real

ly a

pplic

able

and

lead

to

com

para

ble

resu

lts. I

nter

pret

atio

n of

the

res

ults

and

eva

lua-

tion

of t

he e

colo

gica

l rel

evan

ce o

f th

e to

ols

are

cruc

ial f

or t

heir

appl

icat

ion

— r

esea

rch

need

ed.

MO

DEL

KEY

(FP6

)

2. P

riorit

y su

b-st

ance

s in

sur

-fa

ce w

ater

s

2.8.

Inve

stig

atio

n of

the

beh

avio

ur/

effe

cts

of m

ixtu

res

of h

azar

dous

sub

-st

ance

s in

the

wat

er

envi

ronm

ent,

incl

udin

g sy

nerg

istic

eff

ects

Esta

blis

h m

etho

dolo

gy t

o id

entif

y su

bsta

nces

/in

tera

ctio

ns m

ost

resp

onsi

ble

for

the

obse

rved

ef-

fect

s. D

eriv

atio

n of

uni

vers

al c

riter

ia o

f in

hibi

tion.

Re

sear

ch o

n ad

ditiv

e an

d sy

nerg

istic

eff

ects

and

ec

olog

ical

fun

ctio

ning

of

syst

ems

with

a f

ocus

on

mul

tiple

-str

esso

rs is

nee

ded.

But

, thi

s is

sue

is n

ot

rela

ted

to t

he c

urre

nt W

FD s

urve

illan

ce/c

ompl

ianc

e m

onito

ring.

It b

elon

gs t

o R

& D

clu

ster

(2) ‘

visi

ons’

.

NO

RMAN

(FP6

)

Eura

qua,

par

tial c

over

age:

Inno

vate

ch (F

P6)

DE:

htt

p://w

ww

.mod

elke

y.or

g/PT

: REA

ChFR

: BEA

M (F

P5)

FR: N

OM

IRAC

LE (F

P6)

FR: O

UTR

EACH

(FP7

)

The

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

by

WG

E a

nd t

he c

omm

ents

fro

m t

he m

embe

rs a

re v

ery

rich.

The

y ha

ve b

een

aggr

egat

ed in

the

ded

icat

ed W

G E

rep

ort

(‘Sci

ence

–pol

icy

inte

rfac

e (S

PI) a

ctiv

ity o

n pr

iorit

isat

ion

of r

esea

rch

need

s, k

now

ledg

e av

aila

bilit

y an

d di

ssem

inat

ion

for

the

Wor

king

Gro

up E

(Che

mic

al A

spec

ts) 2

010–

12’,

R. K

ase,

10

/10/

2012

). Th

e ta

ble

abov

e is

the

refo

re a

dapt

ed t

o co

ver

on t

he o

ne h

and

the

proj

ects

iden

tifie

d an

d on

the

oth

er h

and

the

liter

atur

e an

d ar

ticle

s.

74

Wor

king

Gro

up F

on

Floo

dsRe

sear

ch

area

Rese

arch

issu

eRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

1.2.

How

to

defin

e an

‘acc

epta

ble

leve

l’ of

flo

od r

isk

and

how

to

deal

with

th

e re

sidu

al r

isk?

In t

he lo

cal l

evel

the

re a

re p

robl

ems

with

def

inin

g th

e m

easu

res

beca

use

the

leve

l of

the

acce

ptan

ce is

not

def

ined

. Thi

s is

sue

is p

rimar

ily c

once

rn f

or p

ublic

dia

logu

e an

d po

licy

sett

ing.

It is

an

issu

e of

val

ue t

o w

hich

the

sci

ence

has

no

spec

ific

answ

er

(apa

rt o

f de

sign

ing

the

dem

ocra

tic p

roce

sses

whi

ch m

ay le

ad

to s

uch

answ

er).

In s

ocia

l sci

ence

s, t

his

ques

tion

may

be

legi

ti-m

ate

as it

is li

nked

to

perc

eptio

n, a

mpl

ifica

tion/

atte

nuat

ion

of

risk,

but

to

this

end

the

res

earc

h is

sue

shou

ld b

e re

fram

ed.

FLO

OD

SITE

(FP6

) In

tegr

ated

flo

od r

isk

anal

ysis

and

man

agem

ent

met

hodo

logi

es

ww

w.fl

oods

ite.n

et

FLO

OD

AW

ARE

(Inte

rreg

IVA

2 Se

as p

roje

ct)

ww

w.fl

ood-

awar

e.co

m

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: W

ater

Adap

, Gre

enCl

imeA

dapt

, Ada

p-tA

lp, K

liWas

, Com

mis

sion

on

Clim

ate

and

Vuln

erab

ility

1.5.

The

abi

lity

to

quan

tify

the

hydr

o-lo

gica

l or

othe

r ef

-fe

cts

of c

ombi

natio

ns

of d

iffer

ent

actio

ns

acro

ss a

cat

chm

ent,

and

in p

artic

ular

, th

e ef

fect

of

mor

e na

tura

l app

roac

hes

Part

icip

ants

poi

nted

out

the

nec

essi

ty t

o co

nsid

er f

lood

m

anag

emen

t to

geth

er w

ith d

roug

ht m

anag

emen

t in

ord

er

to a

void

con

trad

ictio

ns b

etw

een

the

resp

ectiv

e po

licie

s. T

he

wat

er n

eede

d to

ove

rcom

e pe

riods

of

defic

ient

pre

cipi

tatio

n m

ay c

ome

from

the

wat

er a

bund

ant

perio

ds a

s a

last

res

ort.

FLO

OD

SITE

(FP6

) In

tegr

ated

flo

od r

isk

anal

ysis

and

man

agem

ent

met

hodo

logi

esw

ww

.floo

dsite

.net

FLO

OD

AW

ARE

(Inte

rreg

IVA

2 Se

as p

roje

ct)

ww

w.fl

ood-

awar

e.co

m

WAS

SERM

ED (F

P7)

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y an

d Se

curit

y in

Sou

ther

n Eu

Rope

and

the

Med

iterr

anea

n

http

://w

ww

.was

serm

ed.e

u/

NEW

ATER

(FP6

)N

ew a

ppro

ache

s to

ada

ptat

ive

wat

er m

anag

emen

t un

der

unce

rtai

nty

ww

w.n

ewat

er.u

ni-o

snab

ruec

k.de

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: L

abel

, Wat

erAd

apt,

Gre

en-

Clim

eAda

pt, A

dapt

Alp,

Ecc

onet

, KliW

as

75

Wor

king

Gro

up F

on

Floo

dsRe

sear

ch

area

Rese

arch

issu

eRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

3.1.

Wha

t ar

e th

e m

ost

appr

opria

te

met

hods

for

map

ping

so

cial

and

env

iron-

men

tal r

isk

and

risk

to c

ultu

ral h

erita

ge?

Wha

t ar

e th

e m

ost

appr

opria

te m

etho

ds f

or m

appi

ng s

ocia

l an

d en

viro

nmen

tal r

isk

and

risk

to c

ultu

ral h

erita

ge; a

spec

ts

of r

isk

that

are

gen

eral

ly le

ss w

ell u

nder

stoo

d th

an e

cono

mic

ris

k? (s

ub-i

ssue

s: H

ow c

an s

ocia

l and

env

ironm

enta

l ris

ks,

and

risks

to

cultu

ral h

erita

ge b

e m

easu

red

(i.e.

, wha

t in

dica

-to

rs o

f ris

k m

ight

be

appr

opria

te)?

Can

, or

shou

ld, s

ocia

l and

en

viro

nmen

tal r

isks

, and

ris

ks t

o cu

ltura

l her

itage

be

mon

-et

ised

, and

if s

o, w

hat

wou

ld b

e th

e be

nefit

s of

doi

ng s

o?)

RISK

BAS

E (F

P7)

Tow

ards

ris

k-ba

sed

man

agem

ent

of E

urop

ean

river

bas

ins:

Key

fin

ding

s an

d re

com

men

datio

ns o

f th

e RI

SK B

ASE

proj

ect

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.do

cum

ent&

PJ_L

ANG

=EN

&PJ

_RCN

=882

4836

&pi

d=5&

q=D

E71E

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pe=s

im

Wor

k do

ne b

y th

e In

tern

atio

nal R

isk

Gov

erna

nce

Coun

cil

ww

w.ir

gc.o

rg

FLO

OD

SITE

(FP6

) In

tegr

ated

flo

od r

isk

anal

ysis

and

man

agem

ent

met

hodo

logi

es

ww

w.fl

oods

ite.n

et

RISK

MAP

The

cent

ral o

bjec

tive

of R

ISK

MAP

was

to

impr

ove

the

cont

ent

and

visu

alis

atio

n of

flo

od m

aps

thro

ugh

a pa

rtic

ipat

ory

proc

ess

CON

HAZ

(FP7

)Co

sts

of n

atur

al h

azar

ds

http

://co

nhaz

.org

3.4.

Gro

undw

a-te

r fl

oodi

ngW

ADE

(FP6

)Fl

oodw

ater

rec

harg

e of

allu

vial

aqu

ifers

in d

ryla

nd e

nviro

nmen

ts

To a

sses

s lo

ng-t

erm

(dec

ades

to

cent

urie

s) w

ater

res

ourc

es in

sem

i-ar

id a

nd

hype

r-ar

id e

phem

eral

riv

er b

asin

s by

det

erm

inin

g lo

ng-t

erm

tra

nsm

issi

on

loss

es f

rom

flo

ods

and

quan

tifyi

ng f

lood

wat

er r

echa

rge

into

allu

vial

aqu

ifer.

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: G

reen

Clim

eAda

pt, K

liWas

, Wat

erA-

dapt

, Com

mis

sion

on

Clim

ate

and

Vuln

erab

ility

3.5.

Map

ping

pot

en-

tial f

or la

ke t

suna

-m

is a

nd la

ndsl

ip

Refe

renc

es: A

dapt

Alp,

Wat

erAd

apt,

Com

mis

sion

on

Clim

ate

and

Vuln

erab

ility

76

Wor

king

Gro

up F

on

Floo

dsRe

sear

ch

area

Rese

arch

issu

eRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

3.11

. Com

mun

icat

ion

tool

s, t

rain

ing/

educ

a-tio

n pr

ogra

mm

es

and

feed

back

mec

h-an

ism

s re

late

d to

the

us

e of

flo

od m

aps

URf

lood

(ERA

-Net

CRU

E)U

nder

stan

ding

unc

erta

inty

and

ris

k in

com

mun

icat

ing

abou

t fl

oods

ww

w.m

acau

lay.

ac.u

k/ur

floo

d/in

dex.

php

How

diff

eren

t au

dien

ces

unde

rsta

nd a

nd u

se f

lood

com

mun

icat

ions

?

How

to

impl

emen

t go

od p

ract

ice

floo

d co

mm

unic

atio

ns?

How

to

resp

ond

to d

iffer

ence

s an

d ho

w in

for-

mat

ion

is in

terp

rete

d an

d ut

ilise

d?

Wat

erD

iss2

.0 (F

P7)

Dis

sem

inat

ion

and

upta

ke o

f FP

wat

er r

esea

rch

resu

lts

ww

w.w

ater

diss

.eu

Sum

mer

sch

ool o

n fl

ood

risk

man

agem

ent

ww

w.w

ater

diss

.eu/

node

/57

CORF

U (F

P7)

Colla

bora

tive

rese

arch

on

floo

d re

silie

nce

in u

rban

are

as

ww

w.c

orfu

-fp7

.eu/

FLO

OD

PRO

BE (F

P7)

Tech

nolo

gies

for

the

cos

t-ef

fect

ive

floo

d pr

otec

tion

of t

he b

uilt

envi

ronm

ent

ww

w.fl

oodp

robe

.eu/

3.12

. Und

erst

andi

ng,

calc

ulat

ing

and

pre-

sent

ing

unce

rtai

nty,

in

clud

ing

the

infl

uenc

e of

DTM

acc

urac

y

Und

erst

andi

ng, c

alcu

latin

g an

d pr

esen

ting

unce

rtai

nty

are

diff

eren

t to

pics

and

ext

rem

ely

impo

rtan

t on

es. I

n th

e la

st 2

0 ye

ars

the

calc

ulat

ion

of u

ncer

tain

ty h

as m

ade

sig-

nific

ant

adva

nces

in a

ll ar

eas,

hyd

rolo

gy, m

eteo

r olo

gy,

etc.

Nee

d to

dev

elop

a c

ultu

re in

usi

ng u

ncer

tain

ty

REFO

RM (F

P7)

REst

orin

g riv

ers

FOR

effe

ctiv

e ca

tchm

ent

Man

agem

ent

ww

w.re

form

river

s.eu

/sta

rt

Oth

er r

efer

ence

: Ada

ptAl

p

4.5.

How

to

coor

dina

te

elab

orat

ion

of o

bjec

-tiv

es in

nat

iona

l and

in

tern

atio

nal s

ettin

g?

How

to

coor

dina

te t

he s

elec

tion

of a

ppro

pria

te m

eas-

ures

in in

tern

atio

nal r

iver

bas

ins

(‘sol

idar

ity’)?

RISK

BAS

E (F

P7)

Tow

ards

ris

k-ba

sed

man

agem

ent

of E

urop

ean

river

bas

ins:

Key

fin

ding

s an

d re

com

men

datio

ns o

f th

e RI

SK B

ASE

proj

ect

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.do

cum

ent&

PJ_L

ANG

=EN

&PJ

_RCN

=882

4836

&pi

d=5&

q=D

E71E

453E

1BD

D04

53F7

311E

03F7

EE86

B&ty

pe=s

im

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: M

ake

bett

er u

se o

f th

e in

tern

atio

nal

river

bas

in c

omm

issi

ons,

Wat

erAd

apt,

KliW

as

77

Wor

king

Gro

up F

on

Floo

dsRe

sear

ch

area

Rese

arch

issu

eRe

sear

ch is

sue

desc

ript

ion

Part

ially

cov

ered

by

4.7.

Inte

grat

ed r

isk

man

agem

ent

com

bin-

ing

prot

ectio

n, p

reve

n-tio

n an

d pr

epar

edne

ss

RISK

BAS

E (F

P7)

Tow

ards

ris

k-ba

sed

man

agem

ent

of E

urop

ean

river

bas

ins:

Key

fin

ding

s an

d re

com

men

datio

ns o

f th

e RI

SK B

ASE

proj

ect

http

://co

rdis

.eur

opa.

eu/s

earc

h/in

dex.

cfm

?fus

eact

ion=

proj

.do

cum

ent&

PJ_L

ANG

=EN

&PJ

_RCN

=882

4836

&pi

d=5&

q=D

E71E

453E

1BD

D04

53F7

311E

03F7

EE86

B&ty

pe=s

im

NEW

ATER

(FP6

)N

ew a

ppro

ache

s to

ada

ptat

ive

wat

er m

anag

emen

t un

der

unce

rtai

nty

ww

w.n

ewat

er.u

ni-o

snab

ruec

k.de

NEW

ATER

iden

tifie

d ke

y el

emen

ts o

f cu

rren

t w

ater

man

agem

ent

regi

mes

and

inve

stig

ates

the

ir in

terd

epen

denc

e. R

esea

rch

was

fo-

cuse

d on

tra

nsfo

rmat

ion

proc

esse

s of

the

se e

lem

ents

in t

he t

ran-

sitio

n to

ada

ptiv

e in

tegr

ated

wat

er r

esou

rces

man

agem

ent.

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: W

ater

Adap

t, G

reen

Clim

eAda

pt, C

OST

869

, KliW

as

4.13

. Ris

k m

anag

e-m

ent

shou

ld t

ake

into

ac

coun

t th

e qu

ality

of

the

wat

er b

odie

s.

Som

e riv

er-d

epen

dent

ec

osys

tem

s re

quire

a

min

imum

flo

odin

g

Sust

aina

ble

deve

lopm

ent

of f

lood

pla

ins

(INTE

RREG

IIIB

)w

ww

.ecr

r.org

/sdf

proj

ect/s

dfpr

ojec

t.htm

FLO

OD

PLAI

Ns

Dem

onst

ratio

n an

d ev

alua

tion

of t

he f

lood

plai

n en

larg

e-m

ent

as a

con

trib

utio

n to

ach

ieve

a ‘g

ood

ecol

ogic

al s

tatu

s’

Oth

er r

efer

ence

s: L

abel

, Ada

ptAl

p, E

ccon

et, K

liWas

, Wat

erAd

apt

5.1.

Coa

stal

: mor

e in

-ve

stig

atio

n ne

eded

on:

st

orm

win

ds, a

ir pr

es-

sure

, tid

e dy

nam

ics

Refe

renc

es: K

liWas

, Wat

erAd

apt,

Com

mis

sion

on

Clim

ate

and

Vuln

erab

ility

78

Annex IV — Snapshot of research gaps

Expert Group on Water and Climate ChangeResearch area Research issue Status

4. Assessing available surface and groundwater water resources and estimating water demands under the current situation and under predicted climate change conditions at basin level, and look forward to seeing the results of the ongoing projects

4.4. Methodological tools for eco-design for various industries

Partially covered

1. Mainstreaming the climate change issue within other research areas

1.1. Forecasting climate change scenarios

Partially covered

4. Assessing available surface and groundwater water resources and estimating water demands under the current situation and under predicted climate change conditions at basin level, and look forward to seeing the results of the ongoing projects

4.7. Energy efficiency of all the water supply chain

Partially covered

4. Assessing available surface and groundwater water resources and estimating water demands under the current situation and under predicted climate change conditions at basin level, and look forward to seeing the results of the ongoing projects

4.8. Desalination using renewable energy

Partially covered

6.2. Effective adaptation measures

Partially covered

5. Understanding scenarios for growth in hydropower as a climate change response and the level of conflict with WFD objectives

5.7. Harnessing energy — recovery

Partially covered

6.3. Nutrient removal in concentrated streams, recovery and reuse

Partially covered

6.1. Climate change challenges, storm water and energy

Partially covered

6.5. Cope with the impacts of climate change with more rainfall especially during winter and more extreme weather events, e.g. increased risk of faecal pollution and increase of NOM in raw for drinking water supply

Partially covered

2. Better understanding if water monitoring networks in Europe (e.g. those for WFD) are set up in a way that will best allow identification and attribution of climate change impacts

2.1. How to plan and favour measures that are robust and flexible to uncertainty in future climate?

Partially covered

79

Expert Group on Water and Agriculture

Research issue Status

1.1. Designing farmers’ incentives to support WFD implementation Partially covered

4.2. Address questions related to the effect of WFD implementation measures Partially covered

6.1. Assessing the interaction between surface and groundwater in agricultural catchments Partially covered

Expert Group on Water Scarcity and Drought

Research area Research issue Status

Issue 1: Water scarcity and droughts indicators

1.1. Application of common indicators in EU river basins Partially covered

Issue 1: Water scarcity and droughts indicators

1.4. Development of prolonged drought indicators Partially covered

Issue 2: Climate change effects related to water scarcity and droughts

2.1. Impacts on water availability resources Gap

Issue 2: Climate change effects related to water scarcity and droughts

2.2. Assessing available surface and groundwater water resources and estimating water demands under the current situation and under predicted climate change conditions (water supply, water demand balance at basin level)

Partially covered

Issue 2: Climate change effects related to water scarcity and droughts

2.4. Impacts on ecosystems Partially covered

Issue 2: Climate change effects related to water scarcity and droughts

2.5. Intensification of the water cycle. Extreme events Partially covered

Issue 2: Climate change effects related to water scarcity and droughts

2.6. Interactions between climate change and agricultural, social and demographic changes

Partially covered

Issue 5: Technological tools 5.3. Regional climate models (RCMs) Partially covered

Theme 6: Economics and law 6.1. Methodologies to assess WS&D economical impacts Partially covered

80

Working Group A — Ecological Status

Research issue Research need Status (1)

1. Developing and validating new bioassessment tools

1. To overcome knowledge gaps for transitional and coastal waters Partially covered

1. Developing and validating new bioassessment tools

2. To overcome knowledge gaps for lakes Partially covered

1. Developing and validating new bioassessment tools

3. To analyse more carefully the links between ecotoxicological tools and biological assessment tools based on the structure of biological communities

Partially covered

1. Developing and validating new bioassessment tools

4. To overcome difficulties in assessing ecological status in temporary streams

Partially covered

1. Developing and validating new bioassessment tools

5. To reinforce the knowledge concerning uncertainties Partially covered

1. Developing and validating new bioassessment tools

6. To build pressure–impact models for a better spatial extrapolation of the ecological status

Partially covered

2. Refining the knowledge about pressure–impacts relationships

7. To clarify links between hydromorphological pressures and biological responses

Partially covered

3. Evolving toward a more functional and holistic approach of aquatic ecosystems

8. To develop functional assessment tools based on trophic networks to complement tools based on community structure attributes — assess the links with resilience and sustainability

Partially covered

3. Evolving toward a more functional and holistic approach of aquatic ecosystem

9. To clarify the links between global changes (climate, fragmentation, exotics) and ecosystem functioning and assessment tools

Partially covered

4. Reconnecting the socioeconomical and biological issues

10. To reinforce the knowledge on relationships between good ecological status (GES), biodiversity and ecosystem’s services

Partially covered

Working Group C — Groundwater

Research area Research issue Status (2)

6. Programmes of measures 6.3. Assessing the efficiency of measures in agriculture Partially covered

1. Climate change impacts 1.2. Surface water–groundwater changes in interaction Partially covered

5. Pollutants 5.2. Emerging pollutants Partially covered

5. Pollutants 5.3. Good understanding of the process involved in the degradation of emerging pollutants needed (soil, un-saturated zone, degradation products, etc.)

Gap

81

Working Group C — Groundwater

Research area Research issue Status (2)

2. Groundwater-depend-ent ecosystems

2.1. Ecosystem requirements — classification system Partially covered

2. Groundwater-depend-ent ecosystems

2.3. Criteria for environmental quality objectives Partially covered

1. Climate change impacts 1.4. Changes in groundwater chemistry due to climate change Partially covered

1. Climate change impacts 1.10. Methodology to assess groundwater vulnerability to climate change (primary and secondary effects), visualisation tools

Partially covered

2. Groundwater-depend-ent ecosystems

2.2. Classification of GW fluctuation/hydrology Partially covered

1 The status refers to the available information revealed by OIEau (FP6/FP7/Life projects and complementary information gathered by the CIS SPI groups experts, EURAQUA network). ‘Partially covered’ means the analysis identified projects dealing with the topics and ‘gap’ means no information has been identified.

2 The status refers to the available information revealed by OIEau (FP6/FP7/Life projects and complementary information gathered by the CIS SPI groups experts, EURAQUA network). ‘Partially covered’ means the analysis identified projects dealing with the topics and ‘gap’ means no information has been identified.

Working Group E on Chemical Aspects

Research area Research issue Status

2. Priority substances in surface waters

2.1. Development and improvement of suitable harmonised analytical procedures for new priority substances

Partially covered

1. Integrated strategy and holistic R & D approaches

1.2. Harmonisation of knowledge basis and strategic approaches for chemicals in European policies

Partially covered

New Relationships between ecological, chemical and biological status needs to be studied.

Gap, partially covered by 2.8

2. Priority substances in surface waters

2.2. Development and improvement of sampling procedures and techniques for existing and new priority substances

Partially covered

2. Priority substances in surface waters

2.9. Non-target analysis and screening Partially covered

4. Development of environmental quality standards (EQS)

4.1. Review and testing of EQS Partially covered

2. Priority substances in surface waters

2.5. Relationship and interactions between concentrations of priority substances in the three matrixes: water, sediment and biota

Partially covered

2. Priority substances in surface waters

2.6. Development of bio-indicators/bio-assays for groups of substances

Partially covered

New Use of ecotoxicology tools to link chemical and ecological status Gap, partially covered by 2.8

6. Identification of possible future priority substances

6.1. Identification of possible future priority substances Partially covered

82

Working Group E on Chemical Aspects

Research area Research issue Status

2. Priority substances in surface waters

2.8. Investigation of the behaviour/effects of mix-tures of hazardous substances in the water en-vironment, including synergistic effects

Partially covered

NB: The WG E has developed for the four top priority research issues some key recommendations associated with references or linked to current activities ongoing within the group.

Working Group F on Floods

Research area Research issue Status (3)

1. Land use management (including catchments approach)

1.2. How to define an ‘acceptable level’ of flood risk and how to deal with the residual risk?

Partially covered

1. Land use management (including catchments approach)

1.5. The ability to quantify the hydrological or other effects of combinations of different actions across a catchment, and in particular, the effect of more natural approaches

Partially covered

3. Flood mapping 3.1. What are the most appropriate methods for mapping social and environmental risk and risk to cultural heritage?

Partially covered

3. Flood mapping 3.4. Groundwater flooding Partially covered

3. Flood mapping 3.5. Mapping potential for lake tsunamis and landslip Partially covered

3. Flood mapping 3.11. Communication tools, training/education programmes and feedback mechanisms related to the use of flood maps

Partially covered

3. Flood mapping 3.12. Understanding, calculating and presenting uncertainty, including the influence of DTM accuracy

Partially covered

4. Flood risk management mapping

4.5. How to coordinate elaboration of objectives in national and international setting?

Partially covered

4. Flood risk management mapping

4.7. Integrated risk management combining protection, prevention and preparedness

Partially covered

4. Flood risk management mapping

4.13. Risk management should take into account the quality of the water bodies. Some river-dependent ecosystems require a minimum flooding

Partially covered

5. Climate change 5.1. Coastal: more investigation needed on: storm winds, air pressure, tide dynamics

Partially covered

3 The status refers to the available information revealed by the CIS SPI groups experts, EURAQUA network and complementary information gathered by OIEau (FP6/FP7/Life projects). ‘Partially covered’ means the analysis identified projects dealing with the topics and ‘gap’ means no information has been identified.

83

Annex V — Policy brief format templateThe table hereafter gives the fields to be considered but the format can be totally different and more friendly with the project logo, pictures, etc.

Study area

Objective/theme of the supporting activity

Two–three lines about the theme of the research/demonstration/capacity-building activity with policy relevance

Contribution to … Reference of the policy (directive & specific milestones)

Policy focus: Short description of the policy goals

CIS group thematic concerned:

Key policy milestones requiring technical/scientific support:

• Policy technical milestone(s)

• Explaining why technical support is needed (and recalling possible previous related decisions)

Key outputs in support of policy milestones

Short introduction of the policy milestones and

Summary of key inputs provided by supporting activities (including possible implementation and/or validation by users):

1. XXXXXX (specify potential target groups)

2. XXXXXX

3. XXXXXX

4. XXXXXX

5. XXXXXX

Shortcomings

Experiences gained — Recommendations to policymakers — Next steps

Short description about recommendations and perspectives

84

List of acronyms

CIF Common implementation framework of the EU biodiversity strategy

CIRCABC Communication and Information Resource Centre for Administrations, Businesses and Citizens

CIS Common implementation strategy

CORDIS Community Research and Development Information Service

EC European Commission

EDC European Drought Centre

EG Expert Group

EG-CCW Expert Group on Climate Change and Water

EG-WS & D Expert Group on Water Scarcity and Drought

EIP European Innovation Partnership

ERA-Net European Research Area Network

ERC European Research Council

ESA Ecosystem services approach

EU European Union

EWC European Water Community

FD Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risks (flood directive)

FP Framework programme for research and development of the European Commission

FP7 seventh framework programme

GWD Directive 2006/118/EC on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration (groundwater directive)

Interreg Inter Region

JPI Joint programming initiative

LIFE L’Instrument Financier pour l’Environnement (financial instrument for the environment)

MS Member state

NGO Non-governmental organisation

OIEau Office International de l’Eau — International Office for Water

ONEMA Office National de l’Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques — French National Agency for Water and Aquatic Environments

RBD River basin district

RBMP River basin management plan

SCG Strategic Coordination Group for the WFD implementation

SPI Science – policy interface

UNU-INWEH United Nations University — Institute for Water, Environment and Health

WD/WMD European water and marine directors

85

WFD Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (water framework directive)

WG Working group

WG A Working Group on Ecological Status

WG C Working Group on Groundwater

WG E Working Group on Chemical Aspects

WG F Working Group on Floods

WISE-RTD Water Information System for Europe – Research and Technology Development

86

European Commission

Science–policy interface in support of the water framework directive — CIS-SPI Activity report 2010–12

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013

2013 – 92 pp. – 17.6 x 25 cm

ISBN 978-92-79-25181-8

doi:10.2777/35629

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Free publications:• one copy:

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HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS

Free publications:• onecopy:

viaEUBookshop(http://bookshop.europa.eu);• morethanonecopyofposters/maps:

fromtheEuropeanUnion’srepresentations(http://ec.europa.eu/represent_en.htm);fromthedelegationsinnon-EUcountries.(http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/index_en.htm);bycontactingtheEuropeDirectservice(http://europa.eu/europedirect/index_en.htm)orcalling0080067891011(freephonenumberfromanywhereintheEU)(*).

(*)Theinformationgivenisfree,asaremostcalls(thoughsomeoperators,phoneboxesorhotelsmaychargeyou).

Priced publications:• viaEUBookshop(http://bookshop.europa.eu).

Priced subscriptions:• viaoneofthesalesagentsofthePublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion

(http://publications.europa.eu/others/agents/index_en.htm).

KI-31-12-744-EN-C

ISBN 978-92-79-25181-8

doi:10.2777/35629

The need for a sustainable science–policy interface in support of water policies was discussed for some years within the framework of the common implementation strategy (CIS) of the water framework directive (WFD) and related RTD projects. In this context a dedicated science–policy interface ad hoc activity (CIS-SPI) was established by the European water directors for the period 2010–12. This activity has been jointly led by the European Commission (DG Research and innovation) and France (ONEMA — French National Agency for Water and Aquatic Environments).

CIS-SPI established close working relationships among research projects and WFD implementers, and has achieved three main tasks: inventory of research and implementation needs from CIS groups; identification of available research and research gaps; and improvement of transfer and usability of research outputs.

Over its mandate CIS-SPI achieved consistent results regarding these three tasks which are extensively covered in this report.

Studies and reports