VOL. 74, No. 1923

self-pollinated. Eight irradiations of Lamarckianaand four of franciscana were made, the tubes ofradon used varying from 7 millicuries to 17 me, andthe times of application from four to twenty hours.At the same time, flowers on another shoot of thesame plant were selfed (being adequately protectedby lead) to provide control material. In all cases,control families have shown only the usual speciescharacteristics.

The immediate effects of the radium treatment werea development after two days or less of a necroticarea in the cluster where the radon tube had rested,an abscission of buds thus affected regardless of sizeor age unless the injury was very slight, and a necro-sis of all buds in the stages of meiosis or younger.The rate of flowering, the size of the flowers, and thefertility, chiefly of the pollen, were affected to agreater or less degree depending on the dosage.

Single capsule sowings were made in 1930 of theseed from treated buds, making 95 families of La-marckiana origin and 29 families of franciscanaorigin. The percentage germination was lowered inthose cultures which had the heavier dosages. As theseedlings developed their rosette characters it wasfound that many unclassifiable leaf shapes, sizes andpeculiarities existed in both Lamarckiana and fran-ciscana. In the majority of cases, the leaves werevery much distorted and retarded in growth. In somecases, however, quite new and distinct leaf featureswere present. In Lamarckiana material small, weakplants were rather common in irradiated cultures,some with very unusual leaf characters; mottled, palegreen, reduced size, wiry, irregular, no crinkling, ex-cessive crinkling and the like. No two were identical.In the franciscana cultures the same general condi-tions were present, although the percentage of ab-normal forms was lower. However, the most strikingof the radium variants have been in franciscana ma-terial.

It is unfortunate that the vast majority of theatypical forms mentioned above were too weak to sur-vive field conditions, either dying or not coming intobloom. A few of the stronger ones did bloom, how-ever, and have proved very interesting plants. Theabnormal characteristics manifest in the rosette con-dition continued and new ones peculiar to the maturecondition appeared. As a rule, the flowering tip wassmaller, bore fewer flowers, and had quite a high per-centage of buds drop before blooming. The flowerswere generally smaller, distorted in most features, andpollen sterility was much in evidence. Some fewplants were wholly sterile.Breeding work, in so far as was possible, was done

with the above forms. The progenies are now beinggrown. It is known definitely that one of the abnor-mal types found in Lamarckiana when selfed throws

a progeny in which the parent type composes ap-proximately one-fourth (7 in 27) of the population.This type is a little more viable than the majority.It is a form with dull coarse leaves, free from crin-kling with very irregular margins, sometimes toothed.The behavior at present suggests some unbalancedchromosome condition.One of the more viable of the atypical franciscana

forms was selfed and its progeny grown this summer.An entirely new form has appeared, extremely weakwith very linear mottled leaves. Twenty-three ofthese plants have appeared in a population of 64, thefrequency suggesting a 1: 2 ratio. It is disappoint-ing that this new form is not viable under field con-ditions. Selfings are being made among the 41 otherplants in the hope of discovering a few heterozygoteswhich will give the same form next year.Many of the normal plants in irradiated cultures

were selfed in the summer of 1930, so that any re-cessive condition induced by radium treatment mightappear in their progeny this summer. In one case,that of a franciseana plant, an abnormal type has ap-peared. In a population of 25 plants, four are of thisnew type, characterized chiefly by the tiny, much dis-torted crinkled condition of the leaves on the flower-ing tip.

It is intended to continue the genetical investiga-tion on these new forms occurring in the progeniesfrom radium-treated buds, in so far as the conditionsof reduced fertility will permit. It is also planned toinvestigate the chromosomal conditions in the radiumvariants.

I wish to acknowledge the invaluable aid of thosewho are making this work possible: Dr. Halsey J.Bagg, of Memorial Hospital, New York City, who haskindly supplied me with the radon, and Dr. GeorgeH. Shull, of Princeton University, who has been veryhelpful in his guidance and criticism.

Wm. H. BRITTINGHAMPRINCETON UNIVERSITY

BOOKS RECEIVEDBINET-SANGLE, DOCTEUR. Les Anc6tres de I 'Homme.

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HALE, GEORGE E. Signals from the Stars. Pp. xx +138. Illustrated. Scribner's Sons. $2.00.

MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. A Commemoration Volume.1831-1931. Pp. viii + 146. 2 portraits. Macmillan.$2.50.

NEW YORK COMMISSION ON VENTILATION. School Venti-lation: Principles and Practices. Pp. ix+73. Teach-ers College, Columbia University. $1.00.

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Glillespie's PHYSICAL CHEMISTRYAn Elementary Text, Primarily forBiological and Pre-Medical Students

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Kraus and Holden's GEMS AND GEM MATERIALSNew Second Edition

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VOLUME THREE

COLLOID CHEMISTRYTHEORETICAL AND APPLIED

By Selected lnternational Contributors

Collected and Edited byJEROME ALEXANDER

The most comprehensive and modern treatment of Colloid Chemistry in aniy Language;-

complete in four volumes.

Volume III TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION First Series of PapersReady November 15th

700 Pages $10.5045 ContributorsCONTENTS

Cohesion and Adhesion-J. W. MeBain and J.Alexander; Some Practical Results of X-Ray Re-searches on Colloids-G. L. Clark; Wetting ofSolids by Liquids F. E. Bartell; Spontaneous Dis-persion of Small Liquid Particles-N. Rashevsky;The Influence of Elasticity and Permeability on theSwelling of Two-Phase Systems K. von Terzaghi;On the Rubber-like and Liquid-crystalline Statesof Matter, in Connection with the Classification ofCrystals and Molecules According to Their VectorialFields-P. P. von Weimarn; Surface and Catalysis-E. F. Armstrong; Contact Catalysis-H. S.Taylor; Adsorption by Silica Gel, Theory and Ap-plications-E. B. Miller; Colloid Factors in WaterSupply-W. D. Turner and D. D. Jackson; Crush-ing and Fine Grinding of Quartz L. Navias;Colloid Mills and Comminution Chemistry-A.Chlwala; Suspensoids and Their Electrical Precipi-tation-W. W. Strong; The Super-Centrifuge inIndustry-E. M. James; Notes on Filtration, withSpecial Reference to Metafiltration J. A. Pickard;The Flotation Process-G. H. Buchanan; ChemicalWarfare--J. Alexander; Colloid Chemistry and Ge-ology R. E. Liesegang; Colloidal Minerals-C.Doelter; Colloids in Glass A. Silverman; SomeColloidal Properties of Sodium Silicate Solutions-

Volume ITHEORY AND METHODS

W. Stericker; Porcelain and Allied Ceramic Bodies-L. Navias; Ceramic Refractories as Disperse Sys-tems-E. W. Washburn; The Colloidal Nature andProperties of Cements and Mortars A. B. Searle;The Colloidal State in Metals and Alloys J.Alexander; Colloidal Conditions in Metal Crystals-W. Guertler; Colloid Systems in Metallography-C. Benedicks; On the Well-known Five Structures inSteel-K. Honda; The Role of Surface Energy onthe Equilibria of Iron and Iron Carbide-Yap,Chu-phay; The Properties of Thin Films on Metals-U. R. Evans; The Colloids and the Corrosion ofIron-J. N. Friend; Colloid Chemistry and Pe-troleum A. E. Dunstan; Colloid Chemistry of Pe-troleum-J. C. Morrell and G. Egloff; ColloidChemistry and Petroleum L. Gurwich; The "FreeCarbon" of Coal Tar-J. M. Weiss and C. R.Downs; Asphalt-F. J. Nellensteyn; DeflocculatedGraphite E. G. Acheson; Colloidal Fuel-L. W.Bates; Soil Colloids J. di Gleria anid F. Zucker;The Colloidal Chemistry of the Soil- R. Bradfield;Rapid Colloidal and Mechanical Analysis of Soils-G. J. Bouyoucos and M. M. McCool; The ColloidChemistry of Wheat, Wheat Flour and Wheat FlourProducts-R. A. Gortner.

Volume IIBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

976 Pages - 60 Contributors $14.50 1020 Pages 62 Contributors - $15.50XIOTE

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