SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (STI) APPLICATION IN

AGRICULTURE IN GHANACSIR.

C

COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH (CSIR)- GHANA

Introduction

Agriculture contributes significantly to the Ghana’s GDP; about 22.7%, 22%, 21.7%, and 19% in 2012, 2013 2014 and 2015 respectively (ISSER 2015).

Growth in the agricultural sector remains fundamental for employment creation, poverty reduction and food and nutrition security.

However, productivity is far below its potential and the need to improve productivity in the agriculture sector is critical to the socio-economic development of the country.

Over 70 percent of all farmers in the country cultivate less than one hectare

Need to Feed ever Increasing Populations

17,000,000

19,000,000

21,000,000

23,000,000

25,000,000

27,000,000

29,000,000

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Popu

lati

on F

igur

es

Years

Increasing Population Trend

The strategic objectives for the agricultural policy (FASDEP II)

Food security and emergency preparedness

Increased growth in incomes

Increased competitiveness and enhanced integration into domestic and international markets

Sustainable management of land and environment

Science and Technology applied in food and Agriculture Development

Improved institutional coordination

PROGRAMME 5: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT

Uptake of Technology along the Value Chain and Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture

Agricultural Research Funding and Management of Agricultural Research Information

Research Extension Linkage Strengthened

Institutional Strengthening Coordination and Enhanced GoG Support

FACT• science, technology and innovation supports success and sustainability in all aspects of national development.

HOW• The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, (CSIR –

Ghana), established to drive science, technology and innovation research as a national development tool.

WHAT• The Council runs and coordinates activities of 13 research institutes reflecting all productive sectors of Ghana’s economy.

STI POLICY

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

EXTENSION/ TECHNOLOGY

TRANSFERCOMMERCIALISATION

EDUCATION/GRADUATE SCHOOL STI

ENHANCEMENT

STRATEGIC PRIORITIES OF STI IN GHANA

CSIR-Ghana

1. CSIR-Animal Research Institute

2. CSIR-Crops Research Institute

3. CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana

4. CSIR-Food Research Institute

5. CSIR-Water Research Institute

6. CSIR-Soil Research Institute

7. CSIR – Oil Palm Research Institute

8. CSIR-Savanna Agriculture Research Institute

9. CSIR- Science and Technology Policy Research Institute

10. CSIR – Plant Genetic Resource Research Institute

11. CSIR-Institute of Industrial Research

12. CSIR – Institute for Scientific and Technological Information

13. CSIR – Building and Road Research Institute

CSIR NATION-WIDE

CSIR NEW THEMATIC AREAS FOR RESEARCH

FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & GREEN TECHNOLOGY

MATERIAL SCIENCES AND MANUFACTRING

ENERGY AND PETROLEUM

BIOMEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH

ELECTRONICS AND ICT

SCIENCE AND PEOPLE

CSIR – Crops Research Institute

CRI seek to improve the yields of the mandated food crops

their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

make them adaptable to climate change

suitable for various end-user needs.

CSIR - Crops Research Institute

CSIR-CRI is mandated to conduct research covering the following food and industrial crops:

Cereals (Maize and Rice);

Legumes and Oil seeds (Cowpea, Soyabean, Groundnut and Bambara Groundnut);

Roots and Tubers (Cassava, Yam, Sweet Potato, Cocoyam and Taro); and

Horticultural Crops (Pineapple, Citrus, Mangoes.

CSIR -Savanna Agricultural Research Institute

SARI is mandated to provide small-scale farmers in the three regions of northern Ghana (Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions)

The research mandate also includes the development of appropriate cropping systems

Crops such as maize, rice, sorghum, millet soybean, cowpea, groundnuts, bambaragroundnuts, cotton, vegetable crops, etc.

CSIR- Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute (PGRRI)

PGRRI is mandated to collect and conserve the plant genetic resources of Ghana:

collection, characterization, evaluation, maintenance, documentation, distribution, regeneration

conservation of genetic materials of crops such as cereals, legumes, vegetables, root and tuber crops, fruit trees, medicinal plants and spices.

CSIR -Animal Research Institute

Identify, update and disseminate improved livestock technological packages

Undertake genetic characterisation and improvement of local livestock species;

Introduce improved livestock breeds;

Train farmers on livestock disease management

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

TECHNOLOGIES:

Least cost feed production using various agro-industrial by-products as feed for cattle and small ruminants.

Promotion of locally produced vaccines for livestock and poultry.

Technology for sustainable management of rangelands.

GUINEA FOWL PRODUCTIONREDUCED KEET MORTALITY

Brooding technology developed at CSIR reduces guinea keet mortality from >90 to 10% on-station.

Technology transferred to farmers who now record 80 - 90% survivability.

All together total annual income accruing from the enterprise can add up to GH¢66.5 million of which GH¢35.6 million is profit to farmers (1 million guinea fowls sold at GH¢3.50 per annum).

CSIR also involved in developing Crop-livestock interaction

FISH FARMING: TILAPIA IMPROVEMENT AND PRODUCTION

CSIR developed the improved “Akosombo Strain” of Nile Tilapia which grows 25-30% faster than the wild and other local stocks.

This strain currently forms the backbone of freshwater aquaculture in Ghana, Ivory Coast and Mali.

Production rose from 550MT in 2000 to over 27,000MT in 2012.

CSIR produces over 5,000,000 fingerlings annually and over 30,000 improved brood stocks for supply to farmers annually.

CSIR- FRI Technologies

Profile of Root and Tuber Based Convenience Foods

Food Processing Machinery for Small-Scale Enterprises

Technology for Mushroom Cultivation

Rice Parboiling Vessel Technology

Technology Analytical Services, Food Safety and Quality Assurance

NUMBER OF SCIENTISTS IN DIFFERENT CATEGORIES AND INSTITUTES (STAFF COUNT)

31 August 2017

CHALLENGES IN THE STI SECTOR

NATIONAL FUNDING FOR RESEARCH

Low priority of S&T at the national level: Resource allocation to R&D is 0.08-0.15 of GDP and for S&T is between 0.3 and 0.5% of GDP. Higher for Agric R&D - 0.8% of GDP - Below the 1% prescribed by AU.

Inadequate funding for research: GoG funds: 90-98% for personal emoluments; 2-8% for administrative expenditure; <1% for direct research.

31 August 2017

Source: ASTI Report for 2012

Source: ASTI Report for 2012

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

425 475

225306 273

385

562 523 509

764

506615

843

1431

1043

28 0 0 12 15 21 7 3 2 9 0 0 0 0 0

RES.GRANT

STI INDICATORS FOR SOME COUNTRIES

31 August 2017

COUNTRYGERD (%GDP)

Tertiary Edu. Gross Enrol. (%)

Reseacher per Million

Scientific Publications

South Africa 0.9 815 5,248Kenya 4.1 763Egypt 0.23 1198 3,963Ghana 0.38 6.2 550 267Morocco 0.64 10.3 910 1,167Nigeria 10.1 203 1,869Senegal 0.1 8 732 211Sudan 0.29 290 146Tunisia 1.02 23.3 2,761 2,026Uganda 3.7 29 354Zimbabwe 3.8 194Pakistan 0.67 310 2,994USA 2.82 4,663 272,879

RANK TOP 10 AFRICAN COUNTRIES

EXPENDITURE BILLION $ PPP

% OF GDPPPP

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PER CAPITA

32 South Africa 4.8 0.732 92.2547 Egypt 6.2 0.68 73.1850 Morocco 1.5 0.73 47.5956 Tunisia 0.78 0.68 72.8363 Sudan 0.18 0.23 4.7464 Algeria 0.16 0.07 4.1367 Uganda 0.28 0.48 8.2770 Botswana 0.07 0.25 3772 Ethiopia 0.79 0.61 9.0884 Kenya 0.76

*USA=1,442.50

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