Science Tech Sanskrit Ancient India MGPrasad

8/9/2019 Science Tech Sanskrit Ancient India MGPrasad

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Science,Technology and Sanskritin Ancient India

Presented by:

Dr. M.G. Prasad

Department Of Mechanical Engineering,

Stevens Institute Of Technology


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In recent decades the scholarly study of science andcivilization in China has influenced historiansconcerned with the history of science and technologyin India. But, alas, no comprehensive synthesis has

yet appeared to match the studies of China

Given its technological complexity, India actually

underwent an astonishing process ofdeindustrialization with the coming of formal Britishrule in the nineteenth century

James E. McClellan III and Harod Dorn

Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction

The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999


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The Hindus have made considerable advances inastronomy, algebra, arithmetic, botany, and medicine,not to mention their superiority in grammar, longbefore some of these sciences were cultivated by themost ancient nations of Europe. Hence, it hashappened that I have been painfully reminded duringthe progress of this dictionary that a Sanskrit

lexicographer ought to aim at a kind of quasi-omniscience.

Sir Monier- Williams in the Introduction in his

Sanskrit English Dictionary, 1899


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VedicScriptural Knowledge

represented as an Inverted TreeThe Roots above refer to the One Source(Bramhan).

The one main body of transcendental(Apaurusheya) knowledge - Vedas - isclassified into 4 majorVedas

Rik, Yajus, Sama, Atharva.

The Vedic literature deals with all aspects oflife including

spirituality, philosophy, yoga,

religion, rituals, temples,

arts and culture, music, dance,

grammar, pronunciation, metre

astrology, astronomy, logic, law

medicine, surgery, technology,

martial arts, military strategy, etc.

Integrated knowledge ofSpirituality and Science


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Place of Articulation


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Sanskrits potential for scientific use was greatlyenhanced as a result of the thorough systemization ofits grammar by Panini On the basis of just under4000 sutras (rules expressed as aphorisms), he built

virtually the whole structure of the Sanskrit language,whose general shape hardly changed for the next twothousand years An indirect consequence of Paninisefforts to increase the linguistic facility of Sanskrit

soon became apparent in the character of scientificand mathematical literature

G. G. JosephThe crest of the peacock

Princeton University Press (2000)


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Vedanga Jyotisha by Lagadha 1500 B.C.


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Aryabhata I 476 A.D.


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Sulvasutras ~800 B.C.


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Leelavati by Bhaskara II 1114 A.D.


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Baudhayana in

Sulvasutras ~800 B.C.Pythagoras ~540 B.C.


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Leelavati

by Bhaskara II

1114 A.D.

Sulva Sutras of Vedic Mathematics


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Sulva Sutras of Vedic Mathematics

@kaixken pUvRe[(by one more than the previous one)

Vedic Mathematics by H.H.Bharati Krishna Tirtha 1884-1960


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Siddhanta Shiromani by Bhaskara II 1114 A.D.


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Susruta ~200 B.C.


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Charaka ~200 B.C.

Metallurgy


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gy


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Pillar Fabrication ~375 A.D.


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Whatever sphere of human mind you may select for

your special study, whether it be language, or religion,

or mythology or philosophy, whether it be laws or

customs, primitive art or primitive science, everywhere you have to go to India. Whether you like it or

not because some of the most valuable and most

instructive materials in the history of man aretreasured up in India and in India only

Max Muller

(ref: A short History of Sanskrit Literatrure)

T. K. Ramachandra Iyer, R.S. Vadhyar & sons, 1984

Summary


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Acknowledgements

Chetan Bhatt

Ananta Ambuga M.G.Sampath Kumar

M.G.Narasimhan M.G.Raghunandan

Indian Institute of Scientific Heritage(www.iish.org)

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Science Tech Sanskrit Ancient India MGPrasad