Science TAKS Review

I want plants to grow faster

• Independent Variable –

– the thing I change • Water plants different amounts

• Control / constant – • Do not change- all plants in same location, get same

amount of dirt and sunlight. Etc…

• Dependent Variable – • Did the plants grow any faster with change in water

2 types of cells

• Prokaryote

– no nucleus

• Kingdoms:

Eubacteria and

Archaebacteria

• Eukaryote

- have nucleus

• Kingdoms: Plant,

Animal, Protista &

Fungi

Cell Structures and Functions

• Cell Membrane - barrier

• Nucleus – DNA

• Cytoplasm- “blood” of cell

• Ribosome- protein maker

• Mitochondria- energy maker

• Chloroplast- make sugar and O2

Cellular Processes

• Homeostasis – balance or same–Water

–temperature

–blood pressure

Permeability

• Diffusion - movement from high concentration to low concentration

• Osmosis – movement of water

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Nitrogen bases (Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine) determines the inherited traits.

A T

G C

DNA Replication

One strand of DNA reproduces to make two strands so the cell can reproduce.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 11th

• Transcription A U GC

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 11th• TranslationAmino acids are linked together to make a protein.

3 bases needed for 1 codon

Six Kingdoms of Life

• Archaebacteria – Extreme bacteria

• Eubacteria – Bacteria

• Protista – Amoebas, paramecium

• Fungi – Mushrooms, molds, yeast

• Plantae – Trees

• Animalia – Mammals—uhhhh people

Single cell vs. Multi-cell

• Bacteria

• Protista – little guys you look at under microscope

• Fungi – mushroom

• Plant

• Animal

Heterotroph vs. Autotroph -eat something -make own food

• Animalia

• Fungi

• Plantae

BOTHBacteriaProtista

Body Systems• Circulatory – heart / blood - Oxygen / food• Digestive – breaks down food• Nervous – electrical signals • Endocrine – hormones • Reproductive – sex• Integumentary – Skin• Skeletal – Bones - Structure • Respiratory – Lungs - Oxygen in, CO2 out• Muscular - Movement• Excretory – Eliminates wastes - Urine• Immune – Kills viruses

Viruses and Bacteria• Viruses are not alive, Bacteria are alive

Viruses (not alive)• Viruses – cause disease

– ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT CURE THEM– ONLY IMMUNE SYSTEM

• AIDS, the common cold, small pox, influenza, and warts

Bacteria (alive)• Harmful - get antibiotics

– Strep Throat – Staph Infections

• Helpful – decomposers – septic tanks, rotting

meat– mutualism : intestines– cheese, yogurt

Evolution

• Mutations• Reproductions

Natural Selection- environment decides who lives… only tall trees- giraffes happy

Who would survive?

Symbiosis• Symbiosis – relationship between two

organisms• Mutualism – both species benefit

• Predation – one species (predator) benefits, other (prey) is eaten

• Parasitism – one species benefits, the other is harmed

• Competition – two species want same thing

• Commensalism – one species benefits, one is not affected

• Remora fish eat shark’s scraps; shark is not affected

Food chain & food web

– who eats what

Arrows showArrows show

flow of energyflow of energy

Trophic levels

• Producer - green plant - photosynthesis

• Consumer – Must eat

• Decomposer

breaks down dead and waste

Types of matter

Elements

Fe

H

O

Au

Compounds

FeCl3

H2O

CO2

Density D = M V

More dense

liquids sink!

Water density = 1g/ml

Viscosity

Resistance to flow

more viscous– the slower the flow

Buoyancy

Chemical Change

• Change of temperature

• Production of light

• Production of a gas

• New thing formed

Physical change

• Change in size and shape• Making a solution• Change in state

Conservation of Mass6CO2 + 6H20 --> C6H12O6 +6O2

Matter is never created or destroyed

Solutions

• Solute- salt

• Solvent – water• Soluble- salt can be

dissolved

• Force - a push or a pull on an object

F = ma Force is measured in NEWTONS (N)

• Work - force causes an object to move W=Fd

Work -JOULES (J)

• Power – How fast you get work done

• P=W/t

• Power - WATTS (W)

Kinetic Energy - motion Potential Energy - energy stored

Click on the slide!

Energy• Conduction - heat transfer from one object to

another by direct contact …solids

• Convection - heat carried from one place to another in a liquid or gas as molecules move in currents caused by density differences…liquids & gases

• Radiation - the transfer of heat energy through empty space

• (heat from sun)….infrared

Soooooo……..Heat moves by-

Waves• Transverse wave -

moves up and down as the energy travels right to left. Perpendicular

• example: light, ocean

• Longitudinal wave – moves back and forth as the energy travels right to left. Parallel

• Example: sound

REFLECTION

Refraction

Electricity- 10th• Series Circuit - a

circuit in which the current has only one path

• Parallel Circuit - a circuit in which the current can take more than one path

READ!!!

READ!!!

READ!!!

Remember• Use your Equation Sheet

• Use your Calculator

• Use your Periodic Table

• YOU need at least 41 correct to pass….. DO YOU HAVE THAT?