Science

Science Is a Way of Knowing• Science means “to know” • Science seeks to answer

questions about nature and natural phenomena in order to know how physical and biological systems function and utilize this knowledge.

• Scientific knowledge is not static, paradigms shift as continued experimentation and new

technologies produce information.

Science: Discovery vs Hypothesis-Based

Discovery science involves collecting data through verifiable observations and descriptions.

Based on Inductive logic

Hypothesis-

Based science involves the testing of a proposed hypothesis through a controlled experiment.

Based on deductive logic

Scientists Have Solutions

• The scientific method is the process used by all scientists.

• Scientific discoveries and hypotheses must be reviewed by scientists and appropriate intellectuals.

• Science is a human construct, therefore, fallible.

• Scientific research should not be biased or value laden.

• Scientific discoveries and breakthroughs are for the good of all.

• Science and technology are tied in a cyclical relationship because they flourish from each other.

The Scientific

Method Is a

Hypothesis Driven

SystematicProcess

to Conduct Scientific

Experiments&

Investigations

Steps of The Scientific Method1. State the question, define the

problem, or observation to be explored.

2. Conduct a preliminary research of the topic.

3. State the hypothesis, which is an educated guess concerning the answer, result, or outcome.

4. Conduct a scientific experiment to test the hypothesis.

5. Analyze the data collected during the experiment.

6. Conclude to accept or reject the hypothesis.

7. Report results/conclusion.

Scientific Experiment Have Variables and Control• Experiment search for cause and effect relationships. Changes to

one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way. These changing quantities are called variables, and an experiment usually has three kinds:

– independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. In an experiment there is only one independent variable.– dependent variable changes in response to the change the scientist

makes to the independent variable. The number of dependent variables in an experiment varies, but there is often more than one.

– controlled or constant variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant

There are 2 groups In a controlled, scientific experiment and only one independent variable is tested at a time.

-The independent variable treatment is applied to the Test Group only.- The Control Group does Not get the independent variable treatment.

The Hypothesis

• A hypothesis is a tentative explanation or answer that is tested during the investigative experiment.

• If the data collected during the experiment supports the hypothesis, then conclude to accept the hypothesis– the experiment must be repeated

several times to insure accuracy.

• If the experimental data does not support the hypothesis, then conclude to reject the hypothesis – Use the new data to reformulate

the hypothesis, modify the experiment and retest.

Scientific Hypotheses Lead to Theories • A scientific theory is an

established and experimentally verified fact or collection of facts (hypotheses) about natural phenomena.– A theory’s premise has

withstood the test of time• It has been repeatedly

tested by many scientists• It has been tested with

state of the art technology• It has been reviewed by the

scientific community at large.

Inquiring Minds Want to Know

Science Is the process through which humans satisfy their natural curiosity about nature. It is a means for humans to express their intellectual and creative abilities leading to advancements in technologies and solutions to dilemmas.