Science Process Skills

What are scientific skills?

•Skills associated with the process of investigation in science.

•Includes the science process skills and manipulative skills.

How a scientist works, thinks and studies problems. (Friedl, 1995)

What are scientific skills?

WHAT ARE SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS?

A way of investigation that involves specific skills which require the following

steps:

Planning course of actionsCarrying out activitiesCollecting dataOrganising and interpreting dataReaching a conclusion

Scientific skills

1. SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

2. MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

What are the Malaysian science process skills? (Basic & Integrated)

Observing ClassifyingMeasuring and using numbersInferring PredictingCommunicatingUsing time-space relationshipsInterpreting dataDefining operationallyControlling variablesHypothesising Experimenting

Steps to be a good experimenter

Carrying out

Processing, Analysing, and Interpreting

Evaluation

Communicating

Getting started

Planning and designing

1. OBSERVING

Example:Activity

Specimen given: GroundnutActivities:Individually, examine the specimen given.Record its characteristics.Put the specimen back into the box and mix the groundnut up.Try to identify your specimen based on the characteristics recorded earlier.

You are observing when you are …

1. Using the five senses effectively.

2. Identifying relevant particulars of an objects and its environment.

2. Identifying relevant particulars of an objects and its environment.

3. Focusing on relevant particulars from massive information.

4. Identifying similarities and differences.

5. Identifying strange / unusual features.

6. Realizing changes in environment.

7. Identifying the correct sequence.

8. Using appropriate instrument(s) to enhance senses for the details.

What is meant by observing ?

Observing involves collecting information about objects or phenomenon by using the five senses :

Sight

Hearing

Touch

Taste

Smell

Why do we need to observe?

To compile / gather as much information as possible about objects or phenomena.

How do we observe?

Focus on the objects or phenomena to be studied.

Identify the characteristics.

Compare the objects or phenomena.

Identify changes and sequence of events.

Use appropriate apparatus for more detailed observations.

CLASSIFYING

You are classifying when you are….

1. Detecting similarities .

Same shape

Same Colour

2. Grouping objects based on certain criterion.

..

3. Using other criterion in grouping objects.

..

4. Grouping objects in different ways.

..

What is meant by classifying?

Classifying is a process of grouping objects according to certain characteristics for a purpose.

When do we need to classify?

When there are :

Many items or information.

Items or information are not organised.

How do we classify?

Identify the general characteristics of the items.Sort out items of the same characteristic into their respective groups.Identify other characteristics.Repeat steps 1-3 until there is only one item in each group.

MAKING INFERENCES

You are making inferences when you are ….

1. Using information from observations to make reasonable early conclusions.

2. Making various possible interpretations from single observation.

3. Able to identify the limitations of inferences.

4. Testing the accuracy of inferences through additional observations.

4. Testing the accuracy of inferences through additional observations.

5. Using inferences as a tool to determine the appropriate additional observations.

1. To plan actions or to make a choice.

2. To analyse the cause and effect of decisions

Why do we need to infer?

• Observe the situations or circumstances.

• State the reason why the situation or circumstances happens .

• Give reasons to your statement(s).

• Check if the reasons given are based on opinions or observations from the situations. If based on opinions, state why.

How do we infer?

What is meant by making inferences?

Making inferences is a process of making early conclusions by relating previous experiences with immediate observations.

Integrated Science Process Skill

USING SPACE AND TIME

RELATIONSHIPS

Description of physical environment including:

shapes, time, direction and spatial arrangement, motion and speed.

Integrated Science Process SkillWhich shape has two lines or axes of symmetry?


How long does it take you to count to 25, counting as fast as you can?


What is the frequency of the traffic?


Roll a ball across the floor to a wall. How fast can you roll it? How slow can you roll it ?

Integrated Science Process SkillYou are sitting in a boat sailing along at 10 km/h. You are facing in the same direction as the boat is moving. Are you moving? Are you moving with respect to the boat?


Measure and compare the distances taken by 2 objects in a fixed unit of time


Identify changes in form or with the passing of time

USING SPACE AND TIME RELATIONSHIPS:


DEFINING OPERATIONALLY


Define:

A term

A concept

Variables

Based on experience


Example:

Define an insect

An insect has 3 pairs of legs


Interpreting by describing what is

DONE and OBSERVED


Thank U

Documents

Science Process Skills