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2/13/2010
1
Dean Radin, PhD
Institute of Noetic Sciences &
Sonoma State University, California, USA
Minds are not as separate as they seem.
Does the illusion of separation
also include time?
Conscious experience precedes the stimulus
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Philosopher Daniel Dennett on the color phi effect:
“Unless there is precognition in the brain, the illusory content cannot be created until after some identification of the second spot occurs in the brain…”
Well … is there any evidence for precognition?
Some meditators report “timeless” periods. Does this awareness transcend
time, or is it just imagination?
Sivananda Ashram Grass Valley, CAOctober 2009
Presentiment
a feeling about a future event …
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Experimental Design
participant
presses
button
5 seconds
blank screen
computer
randomly
selects
photocomputer
displays
photo
3 seconds 10 seconds
blank screen
screen
goes
blank
record skin conductance
blank screen
30-40 trials
International Affective Picture System
NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention
University of Florida
2/13/2010
4
-4 %
0 %
4 %
8 %
1 2 %
1 6 %
2 0 %
2 4 %
2 8 %
3 2 %
- 11 - 10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
se c o n d s b e f o re /a ft e r s ti m u l u s
pe
rc
en
t c
ha
ng
e i
n E
DA
C a lm
E m ot io n a l
s t im u l usb u tto n p r e s s
p = 0.03
start trial stimulus
Seconds before/after stimulus
emotional
calm
Combined results, 4 studies, all
subjects, all data
133 subjects 4,569 trials
z = 4.04, p = 0.00003
Odds against chance: 33,000 to 1
Radin 1996, 1997, 2004
100 trials/person
20 subjects
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
time (seconds)
V
stimulusbutton
flash
no-flash
Med
ian
EE
G,
Oz
Radin & Lobach 2007
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Emotional
Calm
Before During After
Pupil Dilation
5% emotional contrast, 1438 trials, p = 0.0008
Radin & Borges, 2009
What happens in the brain prior to a random stimulus?
Arnaud Delorme
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Artifact? Plausible?
sensory cues no
sequence cues no
protocol artifacts no
physiological artifacts no
selective reporting no
multiple analyses no
programming errors no
statistical violations no
subject fraud no
anticipatory inference no
independent replication ?
stimulus
Emotional
Calm
Slide courtesy Dick Bierman
Replication
Rollin McCraty, Institute of Heartmath
Before meditation After meditation
Emotional
Calm
Stimulus Stimulus
Slide courtesy Rollin McCraty
SCL, EEG
fMRI replication (Dick Bierman)
Bierman & Scholte 2002
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23 studies to date (22 in predicted direction)
◦ University of Nevada – SCL/HR 1996
◦ University of Amsterdam – SCL 1997
◦ University of Edinburgh (5) – SCL 1998
◦ Interval Research Corporation – SCL 1999
◦ Boundary Institute – SCL 2000
◦ University of Texas – SCL, worms 2001
◦ Natl. Inst. Rad. Sciences, Japan – SCL 2001
◦ University of Amsterdam – fMRI 2002
◦ Lab. for Fundamental Research – SCR 2003
◦ Budapest, Hungary – SCR 2003
◦ University of Northampton, UK – SCR 2004
◦ Institute of HeartMath – SCL/HR 2004
◦ University of Padova, Italy – HR 2004
◦ Institute of Noetic Sciences – EEG 2005
◦ University of Northampton, UK – EEG 2006
◦ Institute of Noetic Sciences – PD 2007
◦ University of Padova, Italy – HR 2008
◦ University of Seville, Spain – finches in press
◦ Institute of Noetic Sciences – EEG in progress
Separation in space and time is a stubborn
illusion
What about the separation between mind and matter?
Mind-Matter Interaction
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“And so, without further ado, here’s the author of Mind over
Matter…”
“The doctrine that the world is made up of
objects whose existence is independent of
human consciousness turns out to be in
conflict with quantum mechanics and with
facts established by experiment.”
Bernard d’Espagnat,
Scientific American, 1979
Wheeler suspects that reality
exists … because of the act of observing the universe.
DISCOVER Vol. 23 No. 6 (June 2002)
Does the Universe Exist if We're Not Looking?
Eminent physicist John
Wheeler says … that human
consciousness shapes not only
the present but the past as well.
… but if you do know which slit …
Quantum objects behave like a wave when
going through two slits, provided you
don’t know which slit …
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… then quantum objects behave like particles.
Knowledge changes the behavior of the physical world.
The observer effect is not due to the act of disturbing the particle while detecting it.
Knowledge alone is sufficient.
This is true even after the particle goes through the slits.
This effect is not bound in space or time. Mind
is nonlocally related to behavior of matter.
Schrödinger’s Cat Paradox
Before observation, the cat is both dead and alive.
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Ideal outcome:
Observation – No Observation =
Without mental perturbation
With mental perturbation
Calibration Test
Observe … Rest … Observe … Rest …
experimental
Distant Mental Observation vs. No
Observation
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Effect of gaining which-path information
nonlocally
observing
not
observing-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
session
cu
mu
lati
ve z
control
experiment
p = 0.006
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
session
cum
ula
tive z
meditators
non-meditators
meditators z = -4.28, p = 9.4 × 10-6
odds = 106,000 to 1
Radin 2008
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Paul Wendland & Robert Rickenbach
Double slit interference spectral power
Single slit spectral power
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Double/Single ratio
Single slit
Double slit
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 104
105
105.5
106
106.5
107
107.5
108
108.5
109
109.5
A A A AB B B B
15 sec 15 sec 15 sec
R signal
Condition
Raw
rati
o
samples
68,946 seconds, 19.2 hours
84 meditation, 20 control
0 1 2 3 4 5
x 104
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
0 mean & median
Norm
alized r
ati
o
A A A AB B B B
15 sec 15 sec 15 sec
R signal
Condition
Observe Control
ratio
task
“Please interfere with the beam now”
“Now please relax”
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Original
task
A A A AB B B B
Lag -1
Lag -2
time
Lag analysis 100 calibration sessions
Observe
Control
Real time
Lag 1 second
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6-0.1
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
lag
no
rma
lize
d m
ed
ian
Observe
Control
seconds
Inte
rfere
nce P
att
ern
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
x 10-3
sample
diffe
ren
ce
Observe
Relax
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… 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 ...
random walk
Instructions: “Aim high”
Aim high
Aim low
Repeatedly run this experiment
100+ subjects
12 years
5 investigators
800K samples
1 laboratory
372 publications, 1959 – 2006
~ 90 principal investigators
~ 20 laboratories
Critical analysis
(Bösch et al 2006):
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Mind influences and informs the physical world
So what?
Does intention directly affect the energetic qualities of food and water? Masaru Emoto
Intention and Water
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“Love and gratitude”
“You make me sick”
“Many scientists view all this fuss about plain old H2O as standard hippy-trippy nonsense...
Emoto’s findings don't have much to do with the scientific method: they are hand-picked, ad hoc and impossible to replicate.”
Water’s quantum secret (April 2006)
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Hypothesis: beautiful thoughts result in beautiful crystals
Compare: Aesthetic beauty of crystals in water “treated” by beautiful thoughts with crystals from untreated control water, under double-blind conditions
2,000 people
5,100 miles
November 2005
prayer of gratitude
“treated”2,000 in Tokyo
California
“control”
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A B C D
p = 0.001
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
crystal
beau
ty
treated control
Mean blind assessments by 100 analysts (x5)
Radin et al, 2006
Effects of Intention on Food
Mom’s chicken soup Chicken soup from a can
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Effects of focused intention on chocolate:
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-
controlled experiment
Shaman Banzar Zorigtbaatar
“enhanced sense of energy, vigor and well-
being”
Ven. Geshe SopaRecruited and matched 62
participants into four groups
FEMALE MALE
95% confidence intervals
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Improvement in mood during the week
Big increase in mood on first day of eating chocolate
M
ood
im
pro
vem
ent
eat chocolate
95% confidence intervals
Significant difference in treated vs. control chocolate on third day of eating chocolate (67%)
95% confidence intervals
1,000% difference
95% confidence intervals
Subset of 42 people who ate less than average amount of chocolate/week
Highly focused intention influenced mood states associated with
consuming food
“Intentional Chocolate”
Radin et al, 2007
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If separation of minds is an illusion,
and mind and matter interact, is there any evidence for collective mind?
mental chaos, incoherence (LA riots, 1992)
mental order, coherence (Olympic Opening Ceremony 2008)
physical order physical disorder
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Order & Randomness
… 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 ...
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 601 1201 1801 2401 3001 3601 4201 4801 5401
samples
Z s
co
res
“Field consciousness” detector
“well-behaved” noise
used to measure entropy
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odds against chance for behavior of 5 random number generators located
in US (4) and Europe (1)
1
10
100
1000
8:3
7
8:4
5
8:5
3
9:0
1
9:0
8
9:1
6
9:2
4
9:3
1
9:3
9
9:4
7
9:5
4
10:0
2
10:1
0
10:1
8
time (PST)
odd
s a
ga
inst
ch
an
ce
TV preshows begin broadcast
begins
verdict
announced
More ordered
More random
TV preshows beginVerdict
announced
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
101
201
301
401
501
601
701
801
901
100
1
110
1
120
1
130
1
140
1
150
1
160
1
170
1
180
1
190
1
200
1
210
1
220
1
230
1
240
1
250
1
260
1
270
1
280
1
290
1
10 samples per minute
od
ds a
gain
st
ch
an
ce
start of ceremony
end of ceremony
Olympics
Control
Global Consciousness Project
Yellow dots are host sites
http://noosphere.princeton.edu
Chennai
Bangalore
Predictable events
◦ New Years celebrations, meditations, sports events, political events
Unpredictable events
◦ Earthquakes, terrorist attacks, death of celebrities
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expected
Disaster Western Indian Earthquake
Meditation Ramadan Prayer
Violence Terrorist Disaster, Sept 11
Sports Winter Olympic Opening
Funeral George Harrison Tribute
Celebration New Year 2001-2002
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chance
beyond chance
Cumulative Analysis
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An estimated 714 million voters
9/11
New Years Eve -Y2K
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p = 0.0003
Consciousness Tsunami
IC = | r |
| r | > 0
coherence
r 0
no coherence
0 1
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
0.8
3
1.9
2
3.0
0
4.0
8
5.1
7
6.2
5
7.3
3
8.4
2
9.5
0
10.5
8
11.6
7
12.7
5
13.8
3
14.9
2
16.0
0
17.0
8
18.1
7
hour
z s
co
re
September 11, 2001: 36 RNGs
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-0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
1/1
/01
2/1
/01
3/1
/01
4/1
/01
5/1
/01
6/1
/01
7/1
/01
8/1
/01
9/1
/01
10/1
/01
11/1
/01
av
era
ge
Fis
he
r z
Foundations of Physics Letters
December 2002
http://noosphere.princeton.edu
2/13/2010
31
Minds are not separate in space or time
Minds interact with matter
How can we understand this from a scientific perspective?
Until the 20th century, the Western scientific worldview was based on five main assumptions:
◦ Reality: Physical world is independent of observation
◦ Causality: Arrow of time points only forwards
◦ Locality: Objects are completely separate
◦ Physicalism: Only material things are real
◦ Materialism: “Mind” is not material, thus not real
mind
atoms, protons, electrons, fermions, hadrons, quarks
atomic structure, molecules, periodic table, chemical reactions, acid-base
microbiology, molecular biology, proteins, genetics, DNA
neuroanatomy, brain architecture, circuits
cognitive neuroscience
philosophy
ethics
causati
on
matter
Western Model of Mind
brain
2/13/2010
32
Assumptions are temporary and often wrong
"Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible." --Lord Kelvin, president, Royal Society, 1895.
"Louis Pasteur's theory of germs is ridiculous fiction". --Pierre Pachet, Professor of Physiology at Toulouse, 1872
"There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." --Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977
Reality ≠ Common Sense
Determinism Continuity Locality
Causality
Absolute Space and Time
Observer independent reality
Separation
Deduction Formal Logic
It is difficult … to accept the view that the substratum of everything is of mental character.
But no one can deny that mind is the first and most direct thing in our experience, and all else is remote inference.
Sir Arthur Eddington
The external world is only a manifestation of the mind itself, … the mind grasps it as external simply because of its habit of discrimination and false-reasoning.
You must get into the habit of looking at things truthfully.
Buddha
Richard Conn Henry
The only reality is mind
and observations ...
2/13/2010
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“Deep reality” seems to be a holistic
fabric instantaneously connected
through time and space.
It is related to knowledge /
information / mind.
This is not a theoretical conjecture.
Then what is reality?
Minimum of 10,000x speed of light.
Entangled photons sent 144 km (90 miles) between the Spanish islands of Las Palmas and the Balearics.
3 May 2009. Nature Physics. "High-fidelity transmission of entanglement over a high-loss free-space channel"
Connections persist across 144 km
Relativistically separated delayed-
choice design… quantum events
take place outside of time
2/13/2010
34
“Quantum correlations are of high
quality and persist on a
millisecond time scale even at
room temperature.”
Entanglement Swapping: A New Quantum Trick
Entanglement can be transferred onto
particles that originated from
completely independent sources
Entangling independent photons by time measurement”
Nature Physics, 3, 692-659 (2007)
No. Entanglement can be
transferred.
Entanglement of a single photon detected simultaneously in four locations …
“Characterization of Multipartite Entanglement for One Photon Shared Among Four Optical Modes”
Science, May 8, 2009
No. Entanglement is
everywhere.
Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein predicted in 1924
Demonstrated in 1995
Bose-Einstein Condensate
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Entanglement between two samples of 100,000 atoms each.
Samples located 3 meters apart.
December 8, 2005. Nature
Physicists demonstrate quantum entanglement in mechanical systemJune 3rd, 2009
Physicists at NIST have demonstrated
entanglement in a mechanical system similar to those in the macroscopic everyday world.
“Now entanglement is
recognized to be ubiquitous
and robust.”Entanglement in macroscopic
electrical circuits.
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Entanglement can exist without
any form of classical
connection. Bizarre, even ridiculous ... But
growing number of researchers
are looking to quantum theory…
Nonlocality is no longer sufficient to
be consistent with quantum
experiments.
Reality does not exist independent of observation.
Discover, February 2009
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37
Photosynthesis
Quantum processes exist in
living systems.
Quantum processes are essential for living systems.
2/13/2010
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Neuroscience partially correct
Brain = complex computing system
But not a classical computer!
Do brains work with 1950’s algorithms?
Or with far more powerful
quantum processes?
You … are in fact no more than the
behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells
and their associated molecules.
Classical, local brain
Classical, local brain
Quantum, nonlocal brain
2/13/2010
39
mind
atoms, protons, electrons, fermions, hadrons, quarks
atomic structure, molecules, periodic table, chemical reactions, acid-base
microbiology, molecular biology, proteins, genetics, DNA
neuroanatomy, brain architecture, circuits
cognitive neuroscience
philosophy
ethics
causati
on
matter
Revised Western Model of Mind
brain
something wonderful
Eddington Einstein
“The universe is of the nature of a
thought or sensation in a universal
Mind...
To put the conclusion crudely — the
stuff of the world is mind-stuff.
As is often the way with crude
statements, I shall have to explain
that by „mind‟ I do not exactly mean
mind and by „stuff‟ I do not at all
mean stuff.”
Sir Arthur Eddington
2/13/2010
40
There are two ways to live your life.
One is as though nothing is a miracle.
The other is as though everything is a miracle.
Thank you for your kind attention
