Science of Hadith Science of Hadith (7)(7)

Al-Hadith Al-Mu’dalAl-Hadith Al-Mu’dalالحديث المعضلالحديث المعضل

In Arabic language it means: In Arabic language it means: weakened or disabled.weakened or disabled.

Definition: It is the hadith which has Definition: It is the hadith which has two or more successive narrators two or more successive narrators missing from its isnaad.missing from its isnaad.

Status of Al-Mu’dal: It is in a worse Status of Al-Mu’dal: It is in a worse position than the Mursal. It is very position than the Mursal. It is very weak.weak.

Al-Hadith Al-MuddalasAl-Hadith Al-Muddalasالحديث المدل سالحديث المدل س

Tadlees in Arabic is hiding the defects Tadlees in Arabic is hiding the defects of an item that is for sale.of an item that is for sale.

Definition: Tadlees means hiding a Definition: Tadlees means hiding a defect in the isnaad and making it to defect in the isnaad and making it to appear sound.appear sound.

There are two types of Tadlees:There are two types of Tadlees: Tadlees of the IsnaadTadlees of the Isnaad Tadlees Ashuyoukh.Tadlees Ashuyoukh.

Tadlees of the IsnaadTadlees of the Isnaadتدليس اإلسنادتدليس اإلسناد

Tadlees of the Isnaad: That the Tadlees of the Isnaad: That the narrator reports from the one narrator reports from the one whom he has heard from, that whom he has heard from, that which he did not hear from him, which he did not hear from him, using such a wording that will leave using such a wording that will leave an impression that he heard it from an impression that he heard it from him, though not definitely stating him, though not definitely stating so. so.

ContinuedContinued

Actually, what takes place is that the narrator reports Actually, what takes place is that the narrator reports from a shaykh of his, whom he narrated some ahadeeth from a shaykh of his, whom he narrated some ahadeeth from, however he has not heard this particular hadith from, however he has not heard this particular hadith from him, but rather he heard it from another narrator from him, but rather he heard it from another narrator who narrated the hadith from the shaykh, so he drops who narrated the hadith from the shaykh, so he drops the name of this mediator and quotes it directly from the the name of this mediator and quotes it directly from the shaykh using a wording which implies the idea that he shaykh using a wording which implies the idea that he heard it from him, such as “ the Shaykh said” or “from heard it from him, such as “ the Shaykh said” or “from the shaykh” , however he does not use such wording as “ the shaykh” , however he does not use such wording as “ I heard him saying” or “ he narrated to me”.I heard him saying” or “ he narrated to me”.

Example: Ali ibn khashram said: we were with Sufian ibn Example: Ali ibn khashram said: we were with Sufian ibn oyayna, he said : Al-Imam azuhri said such and such, so oyayna, he said : Al-Imam azuhri said such and such, so he was asked: have you heard it from him , he said he was asked: have you heard it from him , he said actually Abdurazzaq narrated to me this, from Ma’mar actually Abdurazzaq narrated to me this, from Ma’mar from him.from him.

Tadlees of the Isnaad-Tadlees of the Isnaad-ContCont

Tadlees of Taswiyah: It is a type of Tadlees of Taswiyah: It is a type of Tadlees al-isnaad. It takes a place Tadlees al-isnaad. It takes a place when a narrator narrates a hadith when a narrator narrates a hadith from his shaykh with his isnaad and from his shaykh with his isnaad and then he drops the name of a weak then he drops the name of a weak narrator between two reliable narrator between two reliable narrators who have known each narrators who have known each other and met each other.other and met each other.

Tadlees of Tadlees of Taswiyah-ContTaswiyah-Cont

How does it happen?How does it happen? He hears a hadith from his shaykh who is reliable He hears a hadith from his shaykh who is reliable

(A). His shaykh narrated this particular hadith (A). His shaykh narrated this particular hadith from a weak narrator (B), who narrated it from a from a weak narrator (B), who narrated it from a reliable narrator (C). So the correct isnaad is:reliable narrator (C). So the correct isnaad is:

from (A) reliable from (B) Weak from (C) reliable.from (A) reliable from (B) Weak from (C) reliable. So the original narrator drops (B) made it seem So the original narrator drops (B) made it seem

like (A) reliable from (C) reliable. like (A) reliable from (C) reliable. The gap is hidden since A and C had met and The gap is hidden since A and C had met and

narration is possible between them.narration is possible between them.

Tadlees of Taswiyah-Tadlees of Taswiyah-ContCont

This is the worse form of Tadlees and the This is the worse form of Tadlees and the most difficult one to detect. most difficult one to detect.

Those well known for practising tadlees Those well known for practising tadlees at-Taswiyah are weak narrators whose at-Taswiyah are weak narrators whose narrations are rejected, even if they narrations are rejected, even if they explicitly they correct their mistakes explicitly they correct their mistakes publicly. Among them, are publicly. Among them, are Bakiyah ibn Bakiyah ibn Alwaleed and Alwaleed ibn Muslim Alwaleed and Alwaleed ibn Muslim Alkurashee.Alkurashee.

Tadlees As-Tadlees As-ShuyoukhShuyoukh

It happens when a narrator narrates a hadith It happens when a narrator narrates a hadith which he heard from his shaykh, but he gives which he heard from his shaykh, but he gives his shaykh a name, kunyah or a title which his shaykh a name, kunyah or a title which he is not normally known by, in order to he is not normally known by, in order to disguise his identity.disguise his identity.

Examples: Abu bakr ibn Mujahid from Abi bakr Examples: Abu bakr ibn Mujahid from Abi bakr ibn Abi Dawoud, he said Abdullah ibn abi ibn Abi Dawoud, he said Abdullah ibn abi Abdullah narrated to us, and he meant Abdullah narrated to us, and he meant Abdullah ibn Abi Dawoud Assigistani the Abdullah ibn Abi Dawoud Assigistani the author of the Asunan. He was not famous by author of the Asunan. He was not famous by Abi Abdullah.Abi Abdullah.

Al-Mursal alkhafeeAl-Mursal alkhafee It happens when a narrator narrates from a shaykh It happens when a narrator narrates from a shaykh

whom he lived with him at the same era, and may whom he lived with him at the same era, and may be he met him, but he never heard anything from be he met him, but he never heard anything from him, using a wording such as :” he said”.him, using a wording such as :” he said”.

How is it discovered? By one of three ways:How is it discovered? By one of three ways: 1) The statement of a scholar that the narrator 1) The statement of a scholar that the narrator

never met the shaykh.never met the shaykh. 2) The narrator himself admits that he never met 2) The narrator himself admits that he never met

or heard anything from himor heard anything from him 3) The isnaad is elsewhere reported with an 3) The isnaad is elsewhere reported with an

additional narrator between him and the shaykh.additional narrator between him and the shaykh. Status: It is Da’eef since the isnaad is Status: It is Da’eef since the isnaad is

disconnected.disconnected.