Science-Industry-Workshop 2-D Materials · 2016-03-21 · Lectures Monday, March 21st 2016, 14:00 Growth in the ﬂ atland Joshua A. Robinson The Pennsylvania State University [email protected]

2-D Materials 2016

Science-Industry-Workshop

// March 21st – 23rd 2016

// Empa Akademie Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland www.empa.ch

// Program

// Online Registration & Program: https://www.nanomat.de/2DMat2016.php

Program Overview

Monday, March 21st 2016

12:30 Arrival & registration - Light lunch & get-together

13:45 Welcome notes BAM, Empa, NanoMat, NIST

Synthesis and properties of 2-D materials I

14:00 Growth in the fl atland Joshua A. Robinson (Pennsylvania State University)

14:30 Graphene quantum structures Klaus Ensslin (ETH Zürich)

15:00 Synthesis and characterization of atomically precise graphene-based nanostructures: A simulation point of view Carlo A. Pignedoli (Empa)

15:30 – 16:00 Coffee break – Topic discussion

Regulation, standardization and safety I

16:30 International standardization on graphene and related materials Norbert Fabricius (KIT)

17:00 Toxicity of graphene-related materials Agnes B. Kane (Brown University)

17:30 Biodegradation of 2-D materials Alberto Bianco (CNRS)


18:30 – 21:00 Dinner – Poster session

Tuesday, March 22nd 2016

Applications and industry perspectives I

08:30 Superconducting and cryogenic platforms for 2-D materials Ziad Melhem (Oxford Instruments)

09:00 Graphene composites for applications in the manufacturing and energy storage sectors Vittorio Pellegrini (Italian Institute of Technology)

09:30 Solution and vapor-based synthesis of 2D-layered materials for nanodevice applications Anupama Kaul (University of Texas El Paso)


Synthesis and properties of 2-D materials II

10:30 Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs): Mechanics and gas permeation André Beyer (Universität Bielefeld)

11:00 Surface science on 2-D materials Jürg Osterwalder (Universität Zürich)

11:30 High quality monolayer graphene synthesized by resistive heating cold wall chemical vapour deposition Monica Craciun (University of Exeter)

12:00 – 12:30 Lunch

Regulation, standardization and safety II

12:30 2-D materials standardization Wolfgang Unger (BAM)

13:00 Addressing the metrology barriers for graphene and related 2-D materials Andrew Pollard (NPL)

13:30 Interaction of graphene oxide and human intestinal cells in vitro Melanie Kucki (Empa)


Applications and industry perspectives II

14:30 Graphene future emerging technology Andrea Ferrari (University of Cambridge)

15:00 2-D dichalcogenide electronic materials and devices Andras Kis (EPFL)

15:30 2-D Materials at the air-water interface: From fundamental studies to applications Michael Pope (University of Waterloo)


Synthesis and properties of 2-D materials III

16:30 Temperature, magnetic fi eld, and dimensionality effects on the Raman spectra of 2H-TaSe2

Angela Hight Walker (NIST)

17:00 Supramolecular approaches to 2-D materials: From complex structures to sophisticated functions Paolo Samori (Université de Strasbourg)

17:30 Layered metal dichalcogenide bulk crystals and thin fi lms: Phase diagrams, growth and properties Albert Davydov (NIST)

Wednesday, March 23rd 2016

Applications and industry perspectives III

09:00 Graphene-based platforms for biosensing applications Arben Merkoçi (ICN)

09:30 Electron optics in ballistic graphene Peter Makk (University of Basel)


Workshop session

10:30 – 11:30 Synthesis and properties of 2-D materials + Applications and industry perspectives AKADEMIE I

10:30 – 11:30 Regulation, standardization and safety AKADEMIE II

11:30 – 11:45 Coffee break

Plenary conclusion session

11:45 Summary: Synthesis and properties of 2-D materials + Applications and industry perspectives

12:00 Summary: Regulation, standardization and safety

12:15 – 12:45 Closing discussion

13:00 – 13:45 Lunch

LecturesMonday, March 21st 2016, 14:00

Growth in the fl atland

Joshua A. Robinson The Pennsylvania State [email protected]

The last decade has seen nearly exponential growth in the science and technology of 2 dimensional materials. Beyond graphene, there is a huge variety of layered materials that range in properties from insulating to superconducting. Furthermore, heterogeneous stacking of 2D materials also allows for additional “dimensionality” for band structure engineering. In this talk, I will discuss recent breakthroughs in two-dimensional atomic layer synthesis and properties, including novel 2D heterostructures and novel 2D nitrides. Our recent works include development of an understanding of substrate impact on 2D layer growth and properties, doping of 2D materials with mag-netic elements, selective area synthesis of 2D materials, and the fi rst demonstration of 2D gallium nitride (2D-GaN). Our work and the work of our collaborators has lead to a better understanding of how substrate not only impacts 2D crystal quality, but also doping effi ciency in 2D materials, and stabilization of nitrides at their quantum limit.

References:1. Z.Y. Al Balushi, K.Wang, R.Krishna Ghosh, R.A. Vilá, S.M. Eichfeld, P.A. DeSario, D.F. Paul, J.D. Caldwell, S.Datta, J.M. Redwing, J.A. Robinson; Graphene stabilization of two-dimensional gallium nitride; arXiv preprint:1511.018712. Eichfeld, S. M.; Hossain, L.; Lin, Y.-C.; Piasecki, A. F.; Kupp, B.; Birdwell, A. G. G.; Burke, R. A.; Lu, N.; Peng, X.; Li, J.; et al. Highly Scalable, Atomically Thin WSe2 Grown via Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS Nano 2015.3. Y.C. Lin, C.-Y. Chang, R. Ghosh,J.Li, H.Zhu, R.Addou, B.Diaconescu, T.Ohta, X.Peng, N.Lu, M.J. Kim, J.T. Robinson, R.M.Wallace, T.Mayer, S.Datta, L.J. Li, J.A. Robinson; Atomically Thin Heterostructures based on Single-Layer Tungsten Diselenide and Graphene; Nano Letters4. M. S. Bresnehan, G. Bhimanapati, K. Wang, D.Snyder, J.A.Robinson; Impact of Copper Overpressure on the Synthesis of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Atomic Layers; ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 16755–16762 (2014).5. S.M. Eichfeld, C.M. Eichfeld, Y.C. Lin, L. Hossain, J.A. Robinson; Rapid, non-destructive evaluation of ultrathin WSe2 using spectroscopic ellipsometry; APL Materials 2 (9), 0925086. Y.C. Lin, N. Lu, N. Perea-Lopez, J. Li, C.H. Lee, Z.Lin, P.N. Browning, M.S. Bresnehan, L. Calderin, M.J. Kim, T.S. Mayer, M. Terrones, J.A. Robinson; Direct Synthesis of van der Waals Solids on Epitaxial Graphene; ACS Nano 8 (4), 3715-3723 (2014).

Monday, March 21st 2016, 14:30

Graphene quantum structures

Klaus Ensslin ETH Zü[email protected]

Graphene can be patterned into nano-scale devices using electron beam lithography and dry etching. The electronic properties of such graphene quantum devices are investigated by low-temperature transport measurements. We fi nd that the quantum states as well their coupling to each other can be tuned by suitable gate voltages as well as by sandwich structures incorporating single- and bilayer graphene between hBN layers.

This work has been done in collaboration with D. Bischoff, A. Varlet, P. Simonet, H. Overweg, M. Eich and T. Ihn.


Synthesis and characterization of atomically precise graphene-based nanostructures: A simulation point of view

Carlo A. Pignedoli Empa, Dü[email protected]

I will illustrate how atomistic simulations can complement experimental efforts in the bottom-up synthesis of graphene-based nanostructures on noble metal surfaces. After a brief introduction to the fi eld, I will also review the state of the art of computatio-nal methods relevant for the characterization of the electronic properties of graphene related materials and Van der Waals heterostructures.


International standardization on graphene and related materials

Norbert Fabricius Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)[email protected]

International standards are more and more recognized as a tool for dissemination and exploitation of research results for developing industrial applications. To be successful in facilitating this transition, the process of standardization needs to be started as early as possible even if fundamental research has not established a satisfactory level of knowledge and industrial fabrication processes are not mature enough for commercia-lization.

This talk provides an introduction to the international nanotechnology standardizati-on and present the status reached. This includes the activities within the IEC and ISO nanotechnology committees and the recently established Graphene Flagship Standar-dization Committee which is now organizing the CENELEC Workshop on Specifi cations for Graphene Related Materials (WS SGRM). Under the lead of IEC/TC 113 all this activities are well linked together to ensure the establishment of a comprehensive sys-tem of standards. Even if IEC/TC 113 focusses on standards which are relevant for the electrotechnical industry the committee guaranties the link to standardization activities in other IEC and ISO committees.

Furthermore, it should become clear how important it is to participate actively in the standardization process and what kind of service IEC and ISO provide to make this investment most effi cient for its stakeholders.


Toxicity of graphene-related materials

Agnes B. Kane Brown [email protected]

Graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) are a member of the emerging class of new high aspect ratio, plate-like two-dimensional materials. Successful development and commercialization of this new class of materials will require proactive anticipatory research on fundamental material-biological interactions to identify potential toxicity mechanisms and to guide safe material design. GFNs are respirable (Sanchez et al., 2012) and two-dimensional few layer sheets of large lateral dimension show impaired lung clearance with potential for chronic toxicity. In-vitro toxicology approaches are required for rapid screening of this large class of diverse materials; however, GFNs can produce signifi cant adsorptive and optical artifacts in these assays (Creighton et al., 2013). Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with high-resolution bioimaging have elucidated nanomechanical interactions of two-dimensional materials with phospho-lipid bilayers with implications for cellular uptake, intracellular packaging, and toxicity (Li et al., 2013). Limited research has addressed potential occupational health and safety risks associated with large-scale manufacturing, storage, and processing of two-dimensional graphene-based materials (Qui et al., 2014). Interdisciplinary research is essential for understanding fundamental chemical, electronic, and mechanical interac-tions between emerging two-dimensional materials and biological molecules, cells, and organisms (Wang et al., in press).

References:1. Sanchez VC, Jachak A, Hurt RH, Kane AB. Biological interactions of graphene family nanomaterials- An interdisciplinary review. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 2012; 25(1): 15-34.2. Creighton MA, Rangel-Mendez JR, Huang J, Kane AB, Hurt R. Graphene-induced adsorptive and optical artifacts during in vitro toxicology assays. Small. 2013;9 (11): 1921-1927.3. Li Y, Yuan H, von dem Bussche A, Creighton M, Hurt RH, Kane AB, Gao H. Graphene microsheets enter cells through spontaneous membrane penetration at edge asperities and corner sites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA. 2013;110 (30): 12295-12300.4. Qiu Y, Guo F, Hurt R, Külaots I. Explosive thermal reduction of graphene oxidebased materials: mechanism and safety implications. Carbon. 2014;72: 215-223.5. Wang Z, Zhu W, Qiu Y, Yi X, von dem Bussche A, Kane A, Gao H, Koski K, Hurt R. Biological and environmental interactions of emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials. Chemical Society Reviews (in press).


Biodegradation of 2-D materials

Alberto Bianco Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que (CNRS), [email protected]

Recently, many concerns were raised about the biopersistence of 2D materials in view of their future use in materials science and in biomedicine. In this context, the possible routes to degrade these materials, once administered to living species or liberated into the environment, started to be thoroughly explored. Very recently, we have found that the biodegradation of graphene oxide (GO) by human myeloperoxidase is depen-dent on its dispersibility in the aqueous media. Further, we have also proposed a new concept on the design of covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes and GO with the capacity to degrade more effi ciently by an enhanced action of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The functionalization dependent biodegradation of GO has been demonstrated by selectively functionalizing the surface of GO with specifi c molecules able to enhance the enzymatic reaction of HRP. As a proof-of-concept, GO was functionalized with two well-known reducing substrates of HRP like coumarin or catechol. In addition, we have also extended the biodegradation studies to the emerging 2D analogues of graphene like MoS2 and hBN sheets. The results have revealed that the degradation profi le of these 2D materials differs from GO. Overall, our biodegradation studies will allow to better understand the biopersistence 2D materials, and to give, in turn, future direc-tions in the design of safer 2D conjugates in the context of industrial and biomedical applications.

Tuesday, March 22nd 2016, 08:30

Superconducting and cryogenic platforms for 2-D materials

Ziad Melhem Oxford [email protected]

Superconducting and cryogenic platforms are in use and under development for a large variety of applications including fundamental research, nanotechnology, and ma-terials research including 2D materials. Development of nanotechnology applications will be dependent on superconducting magnets and cold environments that can be used to assemble and align functional, organic or inorganic, nano- and microstructu-res, and to probe their structures, properties and dynamics, with potential applications in a diverse science and engineering applications. The talk presents an overview of a new class of superconducting systems and cold environments including high fi eld wide bore superconducting magnets for research and industry and cryofree systems for 2D materials, quantum information processing (QIP) and other nanotechnology applica-tions. These new systems together with Cryofree® technology and high temperature superconductors (HTS) have opened up a new era in superconducting magnet product development for 2D materials and nanotechnology applications.


Graphene composites for applications in the manufacturing and energy storage sectors

Vittorio Pellegrini Italian Institute of [email protected]

In this talk I shall present our recent progresses on the large-scale production of graphene, two-dimensional crystals and related composites for industrial applications. I will discuss different graphene compounds and related applications: reinforced coa-tings for electrical cables; PA-based frames for glasses with enhanced elastic proper-ties; motorcycle helmets; foldable biodegradable plastic with electrical properties [1]; reinforced ABS for robotics. In the last part of the talk I will focus on energy conversion and storage [2,3] and, particularly, on our recent developments of graphene-based batteries [4,5].

References:1. P. Cataldi, et al., Adv. Electronic Materials 1, 1500224 (2015).2. F. Bonaccorso, et al., Science 347, 1246501 (2015).3. E. Quesnel et al. 2D Mater. 2 030204 (2015).4. J. Hassoun, et al. Nano Lett. 14, 4901-4906 (2014).5. H. Sun et al. Journal of Materials Chemistry A (2016).


Solution and vapor-based synthesis of 2-D-layered materials for nanodevice applications

Anupama Kaul University of Texas El [email protected]

Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials such as graphene and transition-metal dichalco-genides (TMDCs) have attracted tremendous attention over recent years due to their unique properties and potential for numerous applications.1 Given the wide range of compositions of 2D-layered materials that have emerged in recent years, it is not sur-prising that they offer a rich spectrum of properties, ranging from metallic, insulating, superconducting to semiconducting.2 The unique properties of these materials can be utilized to improve the performance of a number of nanodevices, including optoelect-ronic sensing devices, light-emitting diodes and strain sensors. In this talk, I will provide an overview of our research efforts in the use of solution-based exfoliation and chemi-cal vapor deposition (CVD) for the realization of device structures. In the fi rst case, we have considered the solution-based exfoliation of 2D layered materials, such as bulk graphite, MoS2 and WS2 where we have chemically exfoliated 2D layered materials for using a range of organic solvents. We have also engineered the physical properties of the dispersions to control viscosity and surface energy, to make the dispersions suitable for ink-jet printing.3,4 The structural characteristics of the solution-dispersed 2D fl akes were analyzed by considering the role of sonication on the structural characteristics of the fl akes, which were then integrated with polymers for composite structures.5 In ad-dition, we will also comment on excitonic behavior that we have noted on our samples using a spectrophotometer spanning the ultra violet to near-infra red.6,7 The growth of the transition metal dichalcogenides using CVD will also be presented.

References:1. A. B. Kaul and J. T. Robinson, Review Chapter (invited), Graphene and Graphene Nano Ribbons (GNRs) for Novel Electronic, Nano-electro-mechanical, and Photonic Devices, Graphene Science Handbook, vol. 3 (Electrical and Optical Properties), Editors: M. Aliofkhazari, N. Ali, W. I. Milne, C. S. Ozkan, S. Mitura, J. L. Gervasoni, CRC Press (in press).2. A. B. Kaul, “Two-dimensional layered materials: structure, properties and prospects for device applications,” invited paper, Journal of Materials Research, 29, 348-361 (2014).3. M. Michel, D. Fadil, G. E. Lara, M. Michel, A. Delgado, E. Escaraga, and A. B. Kaul, “2D Material Characterization for Printed Electronics Applications,” to appear in Proc. IEEE Photonics Society 2015 Summer Topicals (Topic on Functional Two-dimensional Materials (FTDM)), July 2015.4. M. Michel, A. Delgado, and A. B. Kaul, “Solution-based exfoliation and dispersion of 2D MoS2 and graphene in organic solvents,” manuscript in preparation, to be submitted.5. A. Delgado and A. B. Kaul, “Nanoparticle characterization of 2D layered materials for composites and sensing applications,” manuscript in preparation, to be submitted.

6. D. Fadil, G. E. Lara, M. Michel, A. Delgado, C. Gaytan, and A. B. Kaul, “Properties of 2D Layered Crystals: MoS2, NbSe2 and Black Phosphorus,” to appear in Proc. IEEE Photonics Society 2015 Summer Topicals (Topic on Functional Two-dimensional Materials (FTDM)), July 2015.7. D. Fadil, M. Michel, G. Lara, and A. B. Kaul, “Excitonic effects in MoS2 and WS2 measured using bulk approaches,” manuscript in preparation, to be submitted.


Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs): Mechanics and gas permeation

André Beyer Universität [email protected]

Freestanding carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) with a thickness between 0.6 and 1.7 nm were prepared from selfassembled monolayers (SAMs) of diverse polyaromatic precursors via low-energy electron-induced cross-linking [1]. The mechanical properties of CNMs were investigated using AFM bulge test, where a pressure difference was ap-plied to the membrane and the resulting defl ection was measured by atomic force mi-croscopy. We found a correlation between the rigidity of the precursor molecules and the macroscopic mechanical stiffness of CNMs [2]. Furthermore, CNMs were placed onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) support membranes to (i) confi rm the obtained mechanical properties under lateral compression by evaluating the occurring buckling wavelength in AFM images, as well as to (ii) determine the gas permeation characteris-tics for single- and multi-layers of CNMs [3]. Their permeation characteristics indicate a molecular-sieve-like transport mechanism which can be attributed to molecular-sized channels in CNMs. Additionally, the permeance of CNMs is adjustable by varying the length of the precursor molecules, i.e. the thickness of single-layer CNMs. Multilayers of CNMs show a permeation that differs signifi cantly from single-layer CNMs, possibly due to the diffusion of the permeating molecules in between the CNM layers.

References:[1] A. Turchanin, A. Gölzhäuser: Carbon nanomembranes from self-assembled monolayers: functional surfaces without bulk (invited review), Prog. Surf. Science 87, 108 (2012). [2] X. Zhang, C. Neumann, P. Angelova, A. Beyer, and A. Gölzhäuser: Tailoring the mechanics of ultrathin carbon nanomembranes by molecular design, Langmuir 30, 8221-8227 (2014).[3] M. Ai, S. Shishatskiy, J. Wind, X. Zhang, C.T. Nottbohm, N. Mellech, A. Winter, H. Vieker, J. Qiu, K.-J. Dietz, A.Gölzhäuser, and A. Beyer: Carbon Nanomembranes (CNMs) Supported by Polymer: Mechanics and Gas Permeation, Adv. Mater. 26, 3421-3426 (2014).


Surface science on 2-D materials

Jürg Osterwalder Universität Zü[email protected]

Single- and few-layer van der Waals-bonded materials are essentially surfaces without bulk. Surface science methods have been instrumental for the synthesis, doping, func-tionalization and characterization of such samples. CVD growth of h-BN or graphene under UHV conditions self-terminates at the single-layer coverage on many transition metal surfaces and leads to interesting corrugated layers with large supercells [1]. The modulated chemical and electronic properties of these systems lend themselves to a controlled engineering of 2D layers at the nanoscale, like the intercalation of noble gas atoms at defi ned places within the supercell [2,3] or the generation of uniform 2nm wide voids [4] within the layer. Conditions for the growth of single-layer heterostacks of graphene on h-BN by subsequent CVD steps have been explored on Cu(111) [5] and on Rh(111), exhibiting very different behavior. Finally, the recently gained ability to exfoliate macroscopic single-layer graphene and h-BN samples grown on single-crys-talline metal substrates opens new avenues for building well defi ned heterostructures and devices.

References: [1] S. Berner et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46, 5115 (2007).[2] H. Y. Cun et al., Nano Lett. 13, 2098 (2013).[3] H. Y. Cun et al., Surf. Sci. 634, 95 (2015).[4] H. Y. Cun et al., ACS Nano 8, 7423 (2014).[5] S. Roth et al., Nano Lett. 13, 2668 (2013).


High quality monolayer graphene synthesized by resistive heating cold wall chemical vapour deposition

Monica Craciun University of [email protected]

Emerging fl exible and wearable technologies such as healthcare electronics and energy-harvesting devices could be transformed by the unique properties of graphene. The vision for a graphene-driven industrial revolution is motivating intensive research on the synthesis of high-quality and high-throughput graphene. Resistive-heating cold-wall chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is a high-throughput method [1-3], but neither the growth of monolayer graphene nor its quality and suitability for fl exible and weara-ble electronics have been demonstrated.

In this talk I will present our recent studies on the growth of monolayer graphene using resistive-heating cold-wall CVD [1], a technique that is 100 times faster and 99% lower cost than standard CVD. We report a completely new mechanism for the growth of graphene by resistively heated stage cold-wall CVD which is markedly different form the growth mechanism of graphene in a hot-wall CVD. Using Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we elucidate the early stage formation of graphene by monitoring the transition from disordered carbon adsorbed on Cu to graphene. A thorough complementary study of Raman spectroscopy, AFM, SEM and electrical magneto-transport measurements shows that our cold-wall CVD-grown large-area graphene fi lm is of comparable quality to natural graphene obtained by mechanical exfoliation of graphite. We demonstrate that gra-phene grown by cold-wall CVD is suitable for the next generation fl exible electronics by embedding it into the fi rst transparent and fl exible graphene capacitive touch-sensor [4] that could enable the development of artifi cial skin for robots. Finally, we demonstrate the fi rst graphene coated textile fi bers for future wearable devices that can be woven into cloths [5].

Besides its importance for the quick industrial exploitation of graphene, our work could lead to new generations of fl exible electronics and offers exciting new opportunities for the realization of graphene-based disruptive technologies.

References: [1] T. Kobayashi, M. Bando, N. Kimura, K. Shimizu, K. Kadono, N. Umezu, M. Nobuhiko, H. Kazuhiko, N. Shinji, M. Sae, M. Yukiko, H. Yosuke, D. Hobara, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 023112 (2013).[2] L. Tao, J. Lee, H. Li, R. D. Piner, R. S. Ruoff, D. Akinwande, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 183115 (2013).[3] J. Ryu, Y. Kim, D. Won, N. Kim, J. S. Park, E. K. Lee, D. Cho, S. J. Kim, G. H. Ryu, H.-A.-S. Shin, Z. Lee, B. H. Hong, S. Cho, ACS Nano 8, 950 (2014).

[4] Bointon TH, Barnes MD, Russo S, Craciun MF. High Quality Monolayer Graphene Synthesized by Resistive Heating Cold Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition, Advanced Materials 27, 4200 (2015).[5] Neves AIS, Bointon TH, Melo LV, Russo S, de Schrijver I, Craciun MF, Alves H. Transparent conductive graphene textile fi bers, Scientifi c Reports 5, 9866 (2015).


2-D materials standardization

Wolfgang Unger Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)[email protected]

The implementation of new 2-D materials based technologies in production processes requires the development of quality management tools. These have to be underpinned by appropriate measurements. Consequently there is a need for (1) the development of the metrology for measurement methods, (2) the development of certifi ed reference materials (CRM) and fi nally (3) standardization. This chain represents the ideal way to practically useful standards. The presentation will give an overview on the main players in the fi eld and summarize the recent status of activities. At the highest level the met-rology of chemical characterization of 2D materials is in the scope of the International Meter Convention, specifi cally the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM) [1]. Pre-standardization is an activity fi eld of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) [2]. Standardi-zation is mainly addressed by addressed ISO Technical Committees [3]. A summary on available CRMs relevant to the characterization of nano materials has been prepared by BAM [4]. Examples from the work of BAM’s Division 6.1 “Surface Analysis and In-terfacial Chemistry” showcasing the characterization of chemically modifi ed graphene surfaces are given and specifi c needs for the development of metrology are addressed.

In the discussion the audience is invited to defi ne specifi c needs which will be streamli-ned to the respective bodies!

References: [1] http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccqm/[2] http://www.vamas.org[3] http://www.iso.org[4] http://www.nano.bam.de/en/referenzmaterialien/index.htm


Addressing the metrology barriers for grapheneand related 2-D materials

Andrew Pollard National Physical Laboratory (NPL)[email protected]

There are many application areas where graphene and other 2-D materials may be disruptive, areas such as fl exible electronics, nanocomposites, sensing, fi ltration membranes and energy storage [1]. However, there are many measurement issues for these atomically-thin materials that must be overcome to enable this emerging global industry. Addressing the metrology barriers and thus bridging the gap between academia and industry will pave the way for international measurement standards. As such, measurement capabilities and expertise for a wide range of scientifi c areas are required to address this challenge. The combined and complementary approach of varied characterisation methods for structural, chemical and electrical properties, will allow the real-world issues of commercialising graphene and other 2-D materials, such as determining the suitability and realistic performance enhancement of graphene-enabled products for the many different types of graphene.

Examples of metrology challenges that have been overcome using both established and emerging measurement techniques will be discussed, highlighting the cross-dis-ciplinary research and collaboration with both academia and industry. Particularly, the characterisation of the structural and chemical properties of graphene and related 2-D materials via techniques such as Raman spectroscopy [2, 3], tip-enhanced Raman spec-troscopy (TERS) [4] and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) [5] will be detailed. In addition, how these metrology investigations ultimately lead to the development of international graphene standards will also be described.

References: [1] A C Ferrari et al. Nanoscale 7, 4598 (2015).[2] A J Pollard et al. App. Phys. Lett. 106, 253107 (2014).[3] S Mignuzzi et al. Phys. Rev. B, 91, 195411 (2015).[4] S Mignuzzi et al. Nanoscale, 7, 19413-19418 (2015).[5] B J Tyler et al. J. Phys. Chem. C, 119, 17836-17841 (2015).


Interaction of graphene oxide and human intestinal cells in vitro

Melanie Kucki Empa, St. [email protected]

The rapid development and increasing production of a diversity of graphene-related materials (GRM) has raised discussions regarding associated environmental and health related safety aspects. Among the GRM, graphene oxide (GO) is one of the best stu-died materials due to its envisioned application in the biomedical fi eld. Nevertheless, information on the interaction of GO and different biological barriers is still very limi-ted. Next to inhalation, which is regarded as the most likely exposure route to GRM, scant attention has been given to other biological barriers such as the intestinal barrier.

Scope of this talk will be to illustrate the interaction of different GO with Caco-2 cells as representatives for human enterocytes in vitro. Furthermore the infl uence of physiological relevant acidic conditions, which resemble conditions during stomach transition, on the material properties will be discussed. In addition, the infl uence of the differentiation status and phenotype of the applied Caco-2 cells on the GO-cell surface interaction and GO uptake will be discussed.

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement n°604391 Graphene Flagship.


Graphene future emerging technology

Andrea Ferrari University of [email protected]

Disruptive technologies are usually characterised by universal, versatile applications, which change many aspects of our life simultaneously, penetrating every corner of our existence. In order to become disruptive, a new technology needs to offer not incremental, but dramatic, orders of magnitude improvements. Moreover, the more universal the technology, the better chances it has for broad base success. Does gra-phene have a chance to become the next disruptive technology? Can graphene be the material of the 21th century? Are the properties of graphene so unique to overshadow the unavoidable inconveniences of switching to a new technology, a process usually accompanied by large R&D and capital investments? In spite of the inherent novelty associated with graphene and the lack of maturity of graphene technology, a roadmap can be envisaged, including short-term milestones, and some medium- to long-term targets, intrinsically less detailed, but potentially even more disruptive. This should guide the transition towards a technological platform underpinned by graphene, with opportunities in many fi elds and benefi ts to society.


2-D dichalcogenide electronic materials and devices

Andras Kis École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)andras.kis@epfl .ch

The discovery of graphene marked the start of research in 2-D electronic materials which was expanded in new directions with MoS2 and other layered semiconducting materials. They have a wide range of promising potential applications, including those in digital electronics, optoelectronics and fl exible devices. Combining 2-D materials in heterostructures can increase their reach even further.

In my talk, I will review the status of our research in 2-D transition metal dichalco-genides (TMDCs) and present our current level of understanding on the infl uence of contacts, material quality and the environmental effects on 2-D materials, all critical for achieving high performance levels in devices based on 2-D semiconductors. I will also update on our efforts to achieve high operation frequencies in scaled TMDC devices. Next, I will present our recent work on electromechanical response of MoS2 and gra-phene.


2-D materials at the air-water interface: From fundamental studies to applications

Michael Pope University of [email protected]

Graphene and related 2D nanomaterials are expected to revolutionize many applica-tions due to their unique optical, electronic and mechanical properties. These atomic-ally thin sheets are typically micron to submicron-sized in lateral extent when exfoliated from bulk precursors and must be controllably assembled into large area fi lms or coa-tings to form functional nanocomposites. Graphene-based materials hold signifi cant promise for applications requiring electrodes with high surface area and porosity while, on the other hand, they can also be processed into non-porous, gas impermeable fi lms. Engineering materials which traverse these seemingly confl icting abilities depend largely on how we manipulate their colloidal assembly and aggregation behavior.

In this talk, I will demonstrate that constraining graphene and other 2D materials at an interface provides a means to direct their assembly into well-defi ned, densely tiled monolayers and multi-layer structures. Modifying electrodes with such monolayers provides a means to quantitatively assess their intrinsic electrochemical performance as electrocatalysts or their interfacial capacitance. [1-3] Building multi-layer structures by repetitive coating of these monolayers leads to fully dense membranes or blocking lay-ers. I will fi rst illustrate the power of this approach using traditional Langmuir deposi-tion and then describe our efforts to scale up this fi lm forming technology to compete with more established techniques such as chemical vapor deposition. [4]

References:1. M. A. Pope, C. Punckt, I. A. Aksay, The intrinsic capacitance and redox activity of functionalized graphene sheets. J. Phys. Chem. C., 2011, 115 20326.2. C. Punckt, I. A. Aksay, On the electrochemical response of porous functionalized graphene electrodes. J. Phys. Chem. C., 2013, 117 16076.3. M. A. Pope, I. A. Aksay, Four-fold increase in the intrinsic capacitance of graphene through functionalization and lattice disorder. J. Phys. Chem. C., 2015, 119 (35) 20369.4. L. Xu, Y. Zhang, M. A. Pope, Spreading-driven assembly of close-packed graphene and MoS2 fi lms at the air-water interface. (submitted).


Temperature, magnetic fi eld, and dimensionality effects on the Raman spectra of 2H-TaSe2

Angela Hight Walker National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)[email protected]

In bulk form, TaSe2 exhibits transitions between commensurate and incommensurate charge-density wave (CDW) phases, and is attracting interest for advanced device ap-plications. In order to explore the evolution of the groundstate CDW phase with layer number, mechanical exfoliation of bulk crystals provides few- to single-layer fl akes. In the present work, we extend our opto-thermal Raman measurements (ACS Nano 2014 8, 986) on MoS2 to include other TMDs, specifi cally TaSe2, in the 2H crystallographic phase. A novel, magneto-Raman microscope system affords measurement of low-fre-quency (down to 10 cm-1) vibrational modes as a function of temperature (4 K to 400 K), magnetic fi eld (0 to 9 T) and frequency of excitation laser. The dependence of the observed Raman-active phonons on temperature and magnetic fi eld will be discussed and compared with earlier results on MoS2. Specifi cally, we observe the appearance of low-frequency, zone-folded modes in the CDW state, which soften with temperature similar to the higher frequency, in-plane E2g mode. Additionally, we compare the mea-sured magneto-Raman results to calculations from ab initio, density functional theory.

This work was performed by Jeffrey R. Simpson1,2, Sugata Chowdhury1,3, Angela R. Hight Walker1

1 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD,2 Towson University, Baltimore, MD,3 The Catholic University of America, Washington DC


Supramolecular approaches to 2-D materials: From complex structures to sophisticated functions

Paolo Samori Université de Strasbourg et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que (CNRS)[email protected]

Supramolecularly engineered hybrid materials containing graphene are key multifunc-tional systems for applications in (opto)electronics and energy. However, their practical use requires the optimization of the processing, self-assembly at surfaces using non-conventional methods, their controlled manipulation and responsiveness to external stimuli, and the quantitative study of various physico-chemical properties at distinct length- and time-scales. My lecture will review our recent fi ndings on:

(i) The harnessing of the yield of exfoliation of graphene in liquid media by mastering the supramolecular approach via the combination with ad-hoc functional molecules possessing high affi nity for the graphene surface, leading ultimately to the bottom-up formation of optically responsive graphene based nanocomposites for electronics. [1]

(ii) The tuning of the graphene properties by combining them with organic semicon-ductors as a strategy both to promote hole mobility in an otherwise electron trans-porting material and to exploit the tunable ionization energy of thermally annealed liquid phase exfoliated graphene to modulate the transport regime as well as to fabricate new memory devices.[2]

(iii) The local thermal reduction of graphene oxide using a laser writer in order to develop very smooth, ultra-thin, highly transparent and extremely conducting reduced graphene oxide patterns that can operate as highly sensitive ozone sensor.

Our approaches provide a glimpse on the chemist’s toolbox to generate nanocomposi-tes with ad-hoc properties for science and technology of 2D materials.

References:[1] (a) A. Ciesielski, P. Samorì, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 381–398. (b) A. Ciesielski, S. Haar, M. El Gemayel, H. Yang, J. Clough, G. Melinte, M. Gobbi, E. Orgiu, M.V. Nardi, G. Ligorio, V. Palermo, N. Koch, O. Ersen, C. Casiraghi, P. Samorì, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 10355–10361. (c) S. Haar, A. Ciesielski, J. Clough, H. Yang, R. Mazzaro, F. Richard, S. Conti, N. Merstorf, M. Cecchini, V. Morandi, C. Casiraghi, P. Samorì, Small 2015, 11, 1691-1702. (d) S. Haar, A. Ciesielski, M. Bruna, J.X. Lian, J. Moran, Y. Olivier, D. Beljonne, A.C. Ferrari, P. Samorì, 2015 in preparation. (e) M. Döbbelin, S. Haar, M. Bruna, S. Osella, F. Richard, A. Minoia, R. Mazzaro, E. Adi Prasetyanto, L. De Cola, V. Morandi, R. Lazzaroni, A.C. Ferrari, D. Beljonne, A. Ciesielski, P. Samorì, 2016 submitted.[2] (a) M. El Gemayel, S. Haar, F. Liscio, A. Schlierf, G. Melinte, S. Milita, O. Ersen, A. Ciesielski, V. Palermo, P. Samorì, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 4814-4819. (b) T. Mosciatti, S. Haar, F. Liscio, A. Cieselski, E. Orgiu, P. Samorì, ACS Nano, 2015, 9, 2357–2367.


Layered metal dichalcogenide bulk crystals and thin fi lms: Phase diagrams, growth and properties

Albert Davydov National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)[email protected]

Recent discovery of vast amount of metal chalcogenide ultra-thin layers requires their systematization including benchmarking of their microstructural, optical and electrical properties.

First part of the talk presents fi rst-principle modeling of phase diagrams for selected transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) to study alloy and/or ordered phase formati-on to enable band-gap engineering in these systems. In addition, a DFT modeling is utilized to build a database of suitable substrates for the TMD thin fi lm growth, taking into account possible epitaxial and charge-transfer (doping) effects of the substrates on the TMD layers.

The second part of the talk discusses growth of TMD bulk crystals by chemical vapor transport (CVT) and wafer-scale thin fi lms by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), follo-wed by analysis of their microstructural, compositional, optical and transport proper-ties. A combination of experimental and computational approaches is aimed toward creating a standardized library of layered TMD compounds and alloys.

Wednesday, March 23rd 2016, 09:00

Graphene-based platforms for biosensing applications

Arben Merkoçi Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)[email protected]

There is an increasing demand for biosensing systems based on simple electrical/opti-cal transducing schemes able to achieve cost effi cient detection. Among the various biosensing system performance requirements the high sensitivity and selectivity of the response are crucial for applications in diagnostics. Due to the fact that the analytes to be detected in clinical, environmental or food sample are present in very low con-centrations the need for biosensing systems that can detect with high sensitivity and selectivity that include very low detection limits along with high reproducibility is an im-portant challenge. To overcome the diffi culties in accomplishing all these requirements the main efforts are driven toward signal amplifi cation and noise reduction of biosen-sing systems by the incorporation of nanomaterials. Since graphene exhibits innovative mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties this two-dimensional material is increasingly attracting attention and it is under active research. Graphene-based ma-terials (GBMs) display advantageous characteristics to be used in biosensing platforms due to their interesting properties such as excellent capabilities for direct wiring with biomolecules, heterogeneous chemical and electronic structure, the possibility to be processed in solution and the availability to be tuned as insulator, semiconductor or semi-metal. Moreover, GBMs such as graphene oxide (GO) bears the photolumine-scence property with energy transfer donor/acceptor molecules exposed in a planar surface and even can be proposed as a universal highly effi cient long-range quencher, which is opening the way to several unprecedented biosensing strategies. The rationale behind the use of GO and GBMs in optical and electrochemical biosensing is being stu-died and explored. We are developing simple, sensitive, selective and rapid biosensing platforms based on the advantageous properties of GBMs while used as electrochemi-cal transducers or revealing agents in a variety of biosensing systems. Examples related to diagnostics applications including bacteria and other analytes (ex. contaminants) detection will be shown. The developed devices and strategies are intended to be of low cost while offering high analytical performance in screening scenarios beside other applications. Special emphasis will be given to (nano)paper/plastic-based platforms that operate in microarray or lateral fl ow formats with interest for various detections.

References:1. E. Morales-Narváez, A. Merkoçi, “Graphene oxide as an optical biosensing platform”, Advanced Materials, Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 3298–3308.2. E. Morales-Narvez, A-R. Hassan, A. Merkoçi, “Graphene Oxide as a Pathogen-Revealing Agent: Sensing with a Digital-Like Response”, Angwandte Chemie 2013, 52, 13779–13783.3. A. Fattah, S. Khatami, C. C. Mayorga-Martinez, M. Medina-Sánchez, L. Baptista-Pires, A. Merkoçi, “Graphene/Silicon Heterojunction Schottky Diode for Vapors Sensing Using Impedance Spectroscopy“, Small, 2014, 10, 4193–4199.4. E. Morales-Narváez, H. Golmohammadi, T. Naghdi, H. Yousefi , U. Kostiv, D. Horak, N. Pourreza, A. Merkoçi. “Nanopaper as an Optical Sensing Platform”ACS Nano, 2015, 9 (7), pp 7296–73055. E. Morales-Narváez, T. Naghdi, E. Zor, A. Merkoçi, “Photoluminescent Lateral-Flow Immunoassay. Revealed by Graphene Oxide: Highly Sensitive Paper-Based Pathogen Detection” Anal. Chem., 2015, 87 (16), pp 8573–8577.6. A. M. Gravagnuolo, E. Morales-Narváez, S. Longobardi, E. T. da Silva, P. Giardina, A. Merkoçi, “In Situ Production of Biofunctionalized Few-Layer Defect-Free Microsheets of Graphene” Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25, 2771–2779.7. A. M. Gravagnuolo, E. Morales-Narváez, C. R. S. Matos, S. Longobardi, P. Giardina, A. Merkoçi, “On-the-Spot Immobilization of Quantum Dots, Graphene Oxide, and Proteins via Hydrophobins”, Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25, 6084–6092.8. L. Baptista-Pires, C.C. Mayorga-Martínez, M. Medina-Sanchez, H. Monton, A. Merkoçi, “Water Activated Graphene Oxide Transfer Using Wax Printed Membranes for Fast Patterning of a Touch Sensitive Device”, ACS Nano, Just Accepted Manuscript, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05963.

Wednesday, March 23rd 2016, 09:30

Electron optics in ballistic graphene

Peter Makk (University of Basel)[email protected]

Encapsulated or suspended graphene offers a promosing platform for electron optical devices due ballistic nature of electron transport. In graphene gapless p-n interfaces can be formed by electrostatic gating, showing a negative index of refraction and Klein tunneling.

We have developed a method where suspended graphene can be complemented with complex, local electrostatic gating [1] and by taking advantage of this method we realized electron optical elements based on p-n junctions.

We demonstrate that with in suspended graphene a ballistic p-n junction can be formed [2,3] and Fabry-Perot oscillations appear. We investigate the effect of potential smoothness on the oscillation visibility.

In magnetic fi elds conductance oscillations appear due to the formation of snake states along the p-n interface [4]. We compare our measurements with theoretical simula-tions, where current distribution calculated show current oscillating back and forth along the p-n interface.

We also show that electrons in ballistic graphene can be guided by gate potentials as photons in optical fi bers. However, in our device electrons are not only confi ned due to critical angle of refl ection, but due to the angle dependence of Klein tunneling [5]. Moreover, we demonstrate, that the guiding channel can be fi lled mode by mode.

Finally, we demonstrate that tunable p-n interfaces can act as beam splitters [6], where the transmission properties can be tuned using local electrostatic gating and that the p-n interface can be substantially moved resulting in peculiar features in magnetic fi eld.

This work was performed by Peter Makk1, Peter Rickhaus1, Ming-Hao Liu2, Romain Maurand1, Endre Tovari3, Clevin Handschin1, Simon Zihlmann1, Samuel Hess1, Markus Weiss1, Klaus Richter2 and Christian Schönenberger1

1 Dept. of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland2 Institute of Physics, University of Regensburg, Germany3 Dept of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary

References:[1] R. Maurand, P. Rickhaus, P. Makk, et al., Carbon, 79, 486 (2014).[2] P. Rickhaus, R. Maurand, M.-H. Liu et al., Nature Comm. 4, 2342 (2013).[3] M.-H. Liu, P. Rickhaus, P. Makk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 036601 (2015).[4] P. Rickhaus, P. Makk, M.-H. Liu et al., Nat. Comm. 6, 6470 (2015).[5] P. Rickhaus, M.-H. Liu, P. Makk, et al., Nano Lett., 5819, 15 (2015).[6] P. Rickhaus, P. Makk, M.-H. Liu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 251901 (2015).

Posters

1. Direct link between angular resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and transport properties of large scale single-domain graphene on SiO2

Elisa Miniussi, Carlo Bernard, Huanyao Cun, Benjamin Probst1, Jürg Osterwalder und Thomas Greber Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich

1 Department of Chemistry, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich

2. Electronic structure of realistic zigzag graphene nanoribbons

P. Shinde, P. Ruffi eux, S. Wang, J. Liu, C. A. Pignedoli, O. Gröning, R. Fasel, D. Passerone Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland

3. Graphene – MoS2 heterostructures by PVD and aerosol jet® printing methods

R. Kaindl1, B.C. Bayer2, R. Resel3, T. Müller4, V. Skakalova5, W. Waldhauser

1 JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH MATERIALS Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Austria 2 University of Vienna Faculty of Physics, Austria

4. Large-scale nanostructuring of graphene membranes with focused ion beams

Jakob Buchheim1, Roman M. Wyss1, Ivan Shorubalko2* and Hyung Gyu Park1

1 Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland 2 Laboratory for Reliability Science and Technology, Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology), Switzerland 3 Graz University of Technology Institute of Solid State Physics, Austria 4 Vienna University of Technology Photonics Institute, Austria 5 Danubia NanoTech Bratislava, Slovakia

5. Microwave synthesis of 2-D SnO nanosheets; Effects of annealing temperatures on their properties

Numan Salah1, Sami S. Habib1, Ameer Azam2

1 Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

6. NanoMat – innovation through collaboration

Nathalie Matter-Koenig, Christian Punckt, Jasmin Aghassi NanoMat, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

7. NanoScan AG present the VLS-80; the latest generation high-vacuum atomic force microscope

Raphaëlle Dianoux, Adi Scheidemann, NanoScan

8. Novel solution chemistry routes to 2-D tin chalcogenide nanoelectronic device components

Adam J. Biacchi, Son T. Le, Joseph A. Hagmann, Sujitra J. Pookpanratana, Curt A. Richter, and Angela R. Hight Walker, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA

9. Raman characterization of CVD graphene for electrical metrology and molecular electronics

Kishan Thodkar1, Maria El Abbasi1, Cornelia Nef1, Felix Lüönd2, Frédéric Overney2, Christian Schönenberger1, Blaise Jeanneret2, Michel Calame1

1 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland 2 Federal Institute of Metrology, Bern - Wabern, Switzerland

10. Structural, chemical, and electrical characterisation of conductive graphene-polymer composite fi lms

Barry Brennan1, Steve J. Spencer1, Natalie A. Belsey1, Tsegie Faris2, Harry Cronin2,3, S. Ravi P. Silva3, Ian S. Gilmore1, Zlatka Stoeva2, and Andrew J. Pollard1

1 National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom 2 DZP Technologies Ltd, Future Business Centre, Cambridge, CB4 2HY, United Kingdom 3 Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom

11. Structure determination of Si on Ag(110)

P. Espeter1,2, C. Keutner1,2, F. Kleimeier3, P. Roese1,2, K. Shamout1,2, G. Wenzel3, U. Berges1,2, H. Zacharias3, C. Westphal1,2

1 Fakultät Physik - TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D 44227 Dortmund, Germany 2 DELTA - TU Dortmund, Maria-Goeppert-Mayer-Str. 2, D 44227 Dortmund, Germany 3 Fakultät Physik - WWU Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, D 48149 Muenster, Germany

12. Towards quantitative nanomechanical characterization of 2D materials using a micro-machined scanning probe microscope (micro-SPM)

Zhi Li1, Uwe Brand1, Sai Gao1, Ludger Koenders1, Xianghui Zhang2

1 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany 2 Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany

13. Transfer characteristics and low-frequency noise in single- and multi-layer MoS2 fi eld-effect transistors

D. Sharma1-3, A. Motayed1-4, P.B. Shah5, M. Amani5, M. Georgieva5, A.G. Birdwell5, M. Dubey5, Q. Li3, and A.V. Davydov1

1 Material Measurement Laboratory, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 2 Theiss Research, Inc., La Jolla, CA 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Eng., George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 4 IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 5 Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, ARL, Adelphi, MD

Speakers list

André Beyer Universität Bielefeld [email protected]

Alberto Bianco Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que, CNRS [email protected]

Monica Craciun University of Exeter [email protected]

Albert Davydov National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST [email protected]

Klaus Ensslin Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, ETH Zurich [email protected]

Norbert Fabricius Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT [email protected]

Andrea Ferrari University of Cambridge [email protected]

Angela Hight Walker National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST [email protected]

Agnes Kane Brown University [email protected]

Anupama Kaul University of Texas, El Paso [email protected]

Andras Kis École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL andras.kis@epfl .ch

Mélanie Kucki Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt, Empa [email protected]

Peter Makk University of Basel [email protected]

Zaid Mehlem Oxford Instruments NanoScience [email protected]

Arben Merkoçi Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, ICN2 [email protected]

Jürg Osterwalder Universität Zürich [email protected]

Vittorio Pellegrini Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia [email protected]

Carlo A. Pignedoli Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt, Empa [email protected]

Andrew Pollard National Physical Laboratory [email protected]

Michael Pope University of Waterloo [email protected]

Joshua Robinson The Pennsylvania State University [email protected]

Paolo Samori Université de Strasbourg & CNRS [email protected]

Wolfgang Unger Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, BAM [email protected]

// Organization

NanoMatKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germanywww.nanomat.de

Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Scienceand TechnologyEmpa, Dübendorf, Switzerlandwww.empa.ch

Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung BAM, Berlin, Germanywww.bam.de

National Institute of Standards and TechnologyNIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USAhttp://www.nist.gov

Documents

Science-Industry-Workshop 2-D Materials · 2016-03-21 · Lectures Monday, March 21st 2016, 14:00 Growth in the ﬂ atland Joshua A. Robinson The Pennsylvania State University [email protected]