29 May 1959, Volume 129, Number 3361

AMERICAN ASSOCIATIONFOR THE

ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Board of Directors Prefat

PAUL E. KLOPSTEG, PresidentCHAUNCEY D. LEAKE, President Elect WhenWALLACE R. BRODE, Retiring President there isH. BENTLEY GLASSGEORGE R. HARRISON The WeMARGARET MEAD that instTHOMAS PARK result ofDON K. PRICE that insMINA REES presentsWILLIAM W. RUBEYALAN T. WATERMAN a way o0PAUL A. SCHERER, Treasurer which vDAEL WOLFLE, Executive Officer delegati

of veto-:

DAEL WOLFLE, Executive Officer The IGRAHAM DUSHANE, Editor to join 1

JOSEPH TURNER, Assistant Editor on a nuROBERT V. ORMES, Assistant Editor be pern

Editorial Board determi]DONALD J. HUGHES H. BURR STEINBACH these qKONRAD B. KRAUSKOPF WILLIAM L. STRAUS, JR. answersEDWIN M. LERNER EDWARD L. TATUM cations

Editorial StaffJUNE G. BANDY, SARAH S. DEES, NANCY S. annuallHAMILTON, WILLIAM HASKELL, OLIVER W. HEAT- renderecWOLE, YUKIE KOZAI, ELLEN E. MURPHY, BETH- the neceSABE PEDERSEN, MADELINE SCHNEIDER, NANCY L. MoscCTEIMOURIAN, MARIA A. WOLSAK. scientists

EARL J. SCHERAGO, Advertising Representative technica

in recess

SCIENCE, which is now combined with THE Soviet sSCIENTIFIC MONTHLY, is published each Fri- betweenday by the American Association for the Advance-ment of Science at Business Press, Lancaster, Pa. in the c(The joint journal is published in the SCIENCE was thatformat. Entered at the Lancaster, Pa., Post Officeas second class matter under the Act of 3 March inspectic1879. SCIENCE is indexed in the Reader's Guide summerto Periodical Literature.

Editorial and personnel-placement correspond- means f4ence should be addressed to SCIENCE, 1515 to the piMassachusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5, D.C.Manuscripts should be typed with double spacing Scientand submitted in duplicate. The AAAS assumes noresponsibility for the safety of manuscripts or for the agrethe opinions expressed by contributors. For de- The prctailed suggestions on the preparation of manu-scripts, book reviews, and illustrations, see Science inspectiC125, 16 (4 Jan. 1957). the neec

Display-advertising correspondence should be scientificaddressed to SCIENCE, Room 740, 11 West 42St., New York 36, N.Y. cation inChange of address notification should be sent to advance:

1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5, D.C.,4 weeks in advance. If possible, furnish an address sn the tstencil label from a recent issue. Be sure to give conditio:both old and new addresses, including zone num-bers, if any. the SoviAnnual subscriptions: $8.50; foreign postage,

$1.50; Canadian postage, 75¢. Single copies, 35¢.Cable address: Advancesci, Washington.

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SCIENCE

ce to a Prolegomenonthe Geneva talks on suspending nuclear tests resume on 8 June,

a possibility that the impasse of on-site inspection may be avoided.stern powers have argued for such inspection because an earthquake;truments are unable to identify as of natural origin might be thef an underground nuclear explosion. The Soviet Union has argued;pection should be subject to veto by the participants because itopportunities for espionage. Prime Minister Macmillan proposed

Out of the impasse which was seconded by Premier Khrushchev andwas introduced officially into the Geneva test talks by the Sovietion before the current recess. The proposal was to limit the number-free inspections permitted each year.American delegation has been sufficiently interested in the proposalthe British delegation in asking the Soviet delegation to elaborateimber of points, among which are: how many inspections shouldnitted each year? and what should be the scientific criteria forning when an earthquake is a candidate for inspection? Althoughuestions concern provisions to be written into a test treaty, thewould seem to require a scientific opinion on the technical impli-of such matters as the number of natural earthquakes occurringy in various parts of the world. But before such an opinion can bed, the Western powers and the Soviet Union must agree to assembleessary experts.ow has at times been willing and at times unwilling to allow Sovietto meet with Western scientists. Soviet scientists participated in

f1 talks last summer, and these talks led to the political talks nows. Early this year, however, Moscow was. not willing to call inscientists to examine the new data concerning the differentiationnatural and artificial earthquakes that the United States developedourse of its project Hardtack. The reason for the refusal probablyt such a study would have indicated the need for a more extensiveon system than the one based on information developed at thetalks. Moscow recently expressed interest in exploring further theor detecting high-altitude explosions, but this gain does not applyresent problem since such explosions offer no site to inspect.tific talks may be a necessary prolegomenon to political talks, butement to conduct scientific talks requires an initial political accord.Dblem of determining a suitable limit to the number of on-siteDns is important not only in its own right but as an illustration ofd to include in the test treaty a mechanism for convening futurec talks. Since it is likely that advances in science requiring modifi-n the system will occur, East and West must agree to recognize suchs, evaluate them, and revise the system accordingly. The inclusion:reaty of a clause allowing for the revision of other clauses is aOn that we trust the Western powers will insist on and one we hopeiet Union will accept.-J.T.

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SCIENCE, VOL. 129

I

MeetingsScience and Mathematics Teachers

The Central Association of Scienceand Mathematics Teachers (CASMT),a recent affiliate of the AAAS, was or-

ganized on 7 June 1902 as the CentralAssociation of Physics Teachers. A com-

mittee from 25 schools met in Chicagoon that date to consider organizing an

association of physics teachers. At themeeting a constitution was adopted, andplans for a later meeting were devel-oped. At the second meeting, held at theArmour Institute of Technology in Chi-cago, 9-11 Apr. 1903, the membershipof the association was broadened to in-clude teachers from all fields of scienceand mathematics. The larger organiza-tion was renamed the Central Associa-tion of Science and Mathematics Teach-ers. The aim of the association, ever

since this meeting in 1903, has been toimprove instruction in mathematics byintroducing the laboratory method, andto bring about a closer correlation ofmathematics with the various areas ofthe science curriculum, especially phys-ics.

Beginning with the third meeting, con-

ventions have been held annually duringthe Thanksgiving vacation period; meet-ings were held even during the war

years. Ordinarily, meetings are held inChicago for two consecutive years, thenin one of the larger cities in the GreatLakes area. The attendance at suchmeetings varies from 500 to 1200. Themembership, which now exceeds 1400,is not restricted to the Central States.Members come from all 49 states andfrom Canada, Europe, Asia, Africa, andAustralia.Communication among the members

of the CASMT is maintained throughthe association journal, School Scienceand Mathematics. The journal featuresarticles on research as well as the more

scholarly variety of expository articleson course material and teaching in sci-ence and mathematics. The journal isnow in its 57th year, and circulationexceeds 5000. Nine issues of the journalappear annually, from October throughJune. The present editor is George G.Mallinson.The association, at recent meetings,

has been emphasizing the relationshipsbetween science and mathematics andindustrial processes and applications.Field trips through major industrial in-stallations have been a special feature ofthe conventions and have been well at-tended. The CASMT, the only associa-tion that specifically emphasizes the

relationships between science and math-ematics, is undertaking a major exami-nation of these relationships. Such ac-

tivities are eminently important in viewof the extensive reevaluation of both

29 MAY 1959

science and mathematics teaching at thepresent time.The officers for 1958-59 are as fol-

lows: president, Clyde T. McCormick(Illinois State Normal University); vicepresident, F. Lynwood Wren (GeorgePeabody College, Nashville, Tenn.);secretary, Joseph Kennedy (IndianaUniversity); treasurer, Ray Soliday(Oak Park High School, Oak Park, Ill.).

GEORGE G. MALLINSONWestern Michigan University,Kalamazoo

Film Congress in Britain

Representatives of documentary andscientific film organizations from many

countries will meet at the 13th congress

of the International Scientific Film As-sociation, to be held in London and Ox-ford from 23 September to 2 October.This year it is expected that more than200 films covering research, medicine,education, and popular science will bescreened during the congress and its ac-

companying festival. The award-winningfilms will be shown at the National FilmTheatre on 2 October. The British Sci-entific Film Association is organizing theconference. Further information may beobtained from the association's office at3, Belgrave Sq., London S.W.1, England.

IAEA Nuclear Conferences

A symposium on radioactivation analy-sis will be held in Vienna, 1 to 3 Juneunder the joint sponsorship of the Inter-national Atomic Energy Agency and theJoint Commission on Applied Radioac-tivity of the International Council ofScientific Unions. Other meetings on

some practical aspect of the peacefuluses of nuclear energy have also been or-

ganized by the International AtomicEnergy Agency.

In July, nearly 80 experts are expectedto attend a seminar at Saclay, France,on the training of specialists in thepeaceful uses of atomic energy.

A 6-day conference in Warsaw, Po-land, on the application of large radia-tion sources in industry, especially tochemical processes, is scheduled for 5-11September. Some 300 delegates are ex-

pected to participate.Standardization of radioisotopes will

be discussed at a symposium on radioac-tive metrology that is to be held inVienna in October. About 100 partici-pants, chiefly from national laboratories,will exchange views aimed at establish-ing internationally accepted methods ofstandardization.The last in the series of meetings will

be a conference on the disposal of radio-active waste, to be held in Monaco in

The NEW Schwarz Price List containsover 200 Schwarz manufactured biochemicals and radiochemicals.In addition to the NEW COMPOUNDS available for the first time,NEW LOW PRICES are listed for many of the other SchwarzQuality Compounds. Rigid controls and assays guarantee thateach Schwarz Compound meets the high specifications requiredfor laboratory and manufacturing use.

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November. It will be designed to bringtogether scientists from major atomicenergy establishments, as well as ocean-ographers, geologists, and other expertsin the associated sciences. Papers will bepresented and, simultaneously, there willbe panel discussions on the roles ocean-ography and geology could play in deal-ing with the problem. An IAEA panelset up last October is studying the ques-tion of disposal in the sea, but in viewof the complexity of the subject it wasfelt that a conference would supplementthe panel's efforts.

Forthcoming Events

June29-1. Military Electronics, 3rd natl.

conv., Washington, D.C. (L. R. Evering-ham, Radiation, Inc., Orlando, Fla.)

29-3. Dairy Cong., 15th intern., Lon-don, England. (R. E. Hodgson, AnimalHusbandry Research Div. AgriculturalResearch Service, U.S. Dept. of Agricul-ture, Washington 25.)

29-3. Problems in Pastoral Psychology(Inst. for the Clergy of All Faiths), NewYork, N.Y. (A. A. Schneiders, Committeefor the Inst. for the Clergy, Dept. of Psy-

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chology, Fordham Univ., New York 58.)29-3. Superconductivity, IUPAP collo-

quium, Cambridge, England. (D. Schoen-berg, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Cam-bridge, Mond Laboratory, Cambridge.)

29-4. Glass, 5th intern. cong., Munich,Germany. (P. Gilard, International Com-mission on Glass, 24, rue Dourlet, Char-leroi, Belgium.)

30-10. International ElectrotechnicalCommission, Madrid, Spain. (IEC, 1-3,rue de Varembe, Geneva, Switzerland.)

July1-3. Hydraulics, annual conf., Fort

Collins, Colo. (W. H. Wisely, AmericanSoc. of Civil Engineers, 33 W. 39 St., NewYork 18.)

1-4. British Tuberculosis Assoc., annual(closed), Cambridge, England. (BTA, 59,Portland PI., London, W. 1, England.)

1-5. International Radio and Electron-ics Conv., Cambridge, England. (BritishInstitution of Radio Engineers, 9, BedfordSq., London, W.C.1, England.)

2. Radiation and Ageing, Ciba Founda-tion 3rd annual lecture on ageing, Lon-don, England. (G. E. W. Wolstenholme,Ciba Foundation, 41 Portland PL., Lon-don, W.1, England.)

3-5. International Union of the Medi-cal Press, 4th cong., Cologne, Germany.(Dr. Stockhausen, Secretary of Bundes-aerztekammer, Cologne.)

4-9. American Soc. of X-ray Tech-nicians, Denver, Colo. (Miss G. J. Eilert,16 14 St., Fond du Lac, Wis.)

6. Shortening of Lifespan of MammalsFollowing Irradiation, research forum,London, England. (G. E. W. Wolsten-holme, Ciba Foundation, 41 Portland PI.,London, W. 1, England.)

6-8. Cell Structure and Function, 10thannual symp., Ann Arbor, Mich. (J. M.Allen, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Michi-gan, Ann Arbor.)

6-8. Oxford Ophthalmological Cong.,Oxford, England. (I. Fraser, 21, Degpole,Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.)

6-8. School and University Health, 3rdintern. cong., Paris, France. (Comit6d'Organisation du Congres d'HygieneScolaire et Universitaire, 13, rue du Four,Paris 6e.)

6-11. Seed Testing, intern. conv., Oslo,Norway. (Intern. Seed Testing Associa-tion, Danish State Seed Testing Station,Thorvaldsensvej, 57, Copenhagen V, Den-mark.)

6-12. Chagas' Disease, intern. cong.,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (C. Chagas, Insti-tuto de Biofisica, avenida Pasteur 458, Riode Janeiro.)

7-10. Royal Medico-Psychological As-soc., annual meeting, Glasgow, Scotland.(RM-PA, 11, Chandos Street, London,W. 1, England.)

12-17. American Waterworks Assoc.,annual conv., San Francisco, Calif. (H.E. Jordan, AWA, 521 Fifth Ave., NewYork 17.)

13-17. National Assoc. of Power En-gineers, natl. conv., Boston, Mass. (A. F.Thompson, Secretary, NAPE, 176 W.Adams St., Chicago, Ill.)

13-17. Standardization, intern. (coun-cil meeting), Geneva, Switzerland. (ISO,1-3, rue Varembe, Geneva.)

(See issue of 15 May for comprehensive list)

SCIENCE, VOL. 129

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LettersFrancisco Duran-Reynals

The genuinely admirable qualitiesthat characterized the career and per-

sonality of the late Francisco Duran-Reynals have been captured adroitly inthe beautifully drawn portrait by C. C.Little [Science 129, 881 (1959) 1. Ishould like to add still another word inappreciation of Francisco Duran-Rey-nals, focusing upon a particular aspectof his life.

Francisco loved young people. Manyof us came to know this as JacksonLaboratory summer students-even infields far removed from microbiology.It was a common practice for scientistsassociated with the laboratory to givetalks to the students, and Francisco'slectures were of particularly high qual-ity. Informative and wonderfully lucid,they had an incisive logic and stylisticbeauty that made us strain to hear every

word.It seems that he gave to these talks

the same type of weighty considerationthat would mark preparation of an ad-dress to a body of distinguished scholars.One could infer this, of course, fromlistening to him, but we acquired otherevidence. For example, he and his lovelywife frequently invited us to "paintingparties" at their house overlooking BarHarbor. One Sunday afternoon when we

came to fetch him, he was in his studyand did not want to be disturbed. Hewas to talk to us the next morning, andwe learned that he was terribly worried,lest it not be a success. He had beenbrooding over the lecture material allday.When he emerged much later in the

afternoon, I remember him taking me

aside and commenting with warmthabout the beauty of l'heure exquise thehour before sundown which he loved so

well. And, knowing of my own love forsunsets, he suggested I not despair at myimpending return to New York City:Manhattan had sunsets, too; it was justthat sometimes the tall buildings get inthe way.

This consideration for us and our feel-ings became apparent in other ways, too.

On the occasion of an important meet-

ing in New York, some of us came tohear him, and lingering on somewhatgingerly at the end of the session, we

wondered whether he would rememberus and debated whether or not to greethim. But he spied us. Hurriedly excus-

ing himself from eminent colleagues whohad surrounded him, he rushed up theaisle, threw his arms around us, and,launching into exuberant conversation,shepherded us out of the hall. (Howmany of us today give so much disin-terested attention?)

1498

ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTALCARIES RESEARCH

AAAS SYMPOSIUM VOLUMEJune 1955

246 pp., 6" x 9", 49 tltus., index, clothbound

Price $6.75; cash order price forAAAS members $5.75

" . This is a real contributionto dental science. It is the mostcomprehensive review of animal ex-perimentation on caries ever at-tempted. The format and reproduc-tion of illustrations are excellent.

"This compilation of research find-ings should have wide circulationand should be a storehouse of infor-tniation for all those who are inves-tigating the problem of dentalcaries. It should serve to clarify thethinking and prevent useless dupli-cation in future studies.

Russell W. Bunting, School ofDentistry, University of Michigan.

AAAS, 1 515 Mass. Ave., NW,Washington 5, D.C.

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MICHAEL KAPLANExperimental Psychology Laboratory,Creedmoor Institute for PsychobiologicStudies, Queens Village, New York

Balance in Cultivated Ecosystems

In their very interesting article on

"Acrolein for the control of water weedsand disease-carrying wzater snails" LSci-ence 129, 335 (1959)], Overbeek et al.describe their experiments in riddingirrigation ditches of water weeds andfresh-water snails by the addition ofsmall amounts of acrolein to the irriga-tion water. They state, "Treated water,when used for irrigation, did not harmcrops. Further studies, on possible acro-

lein residues in crops and on the toxicityof treated water with respect to farmanimals, are being made."

It is reassuring to know that attentionis being given to possible toxicity to hu-man beings and farm animals. It wouldbe interesting to know, further, if any

studies are contemplated on the effectof this treated xater on the soil micro-biota in the land that is being irrigated.Soil scientists reiterate constantly theimportance of the soil fauna and florain the development and maintenance ingood condition of soils. It would be dis-astrous indeed to discover, after a fewyears of ditch-cleaning with this highlytoxic substance, that the essential soilbiota had been destroyed and that per-

manent or long-term impairment oflarge areas of irrigated soils had takenplace.

Ecologists interested in the mainte-nance of a healthy balance in cultivatedecosystems should be much concernedabout matters of this sort.

F. R. FOSBERGFalls Church, Virginia

Fosberg will be glad to learn that inaddition to tests of the effect of treatedirrigation water on crops, soil microbio-logical tests have been made and are

continuing.Many hundreds of low-molecular-

weight organic chemicals, includingacrolein, have been evaluated in our

laboratory as soil fungicides, nemato-cides, and weed killers during the past12 years. Even at doses many timesthose presently contemplated, and re-

gardless of whether the chemicals were

used as water drenches or as fumigants,none of these materials has had a re-

sidual harmful effect on the edaphon.J. VAN OVFRBEEK

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1512

LettersEducation of Science Teachers

The recent exchange of letters on theeducation of science teachers [Science129, 744 (1959)] has shown clearly thata major point of disagreement betweeneducationists and their opponents con-cerns the utility of education courses.On the one hand, the educationists as-sert that teaching is a profession whichrequires special, professional training;on the other hand, many people feelthat anyone who knows his subject wellcan teach it satisfactorily. In practicalterms, the question is: Can a collegegraduate teach as well, in his major sub-ject, as a graduate with the correspond-ing degree in education? And, more gen-erally, what mixture of education coursesand "content" courses will produce thebest teacher?

Both sides have produced argumentsto support their views, but there has beenvery little objective evidence to supporteither view. What evidence there hasbeen is one-sided, rather than compara-tive. Thus, the educationists ask, "Can50 years of research in education beignored?" while their opponents pointout that education courses are widelyregarded by undergraduates as easy topass and negligible in content. What isneeded in order to remove the contro-versy from the realm of mere verbalsniping to that of informed and intelli-gent debate is a body of facts on theeffectiveness of teachers who have beentrained in different ways.A direct way of obtaining this infor-

mation would be to compare the scores,on a nationally administered series oftests, of two groups of students: thosewhose teachers majored in educationand those whose teachers majored in thesubject concerned, without taking anyeducation courses. Such tests already ex-ist, and teachers of the second type arealready at work with temporary accred-itation in many places. Thus it mightbe possible to obtain the desired infor-mation from statistics or other informa-tion which already exists; on the otherhand, it might be necessary to set upan extensive experiment, selecting teach-ers and students with appropriate back-grounds in order to free the comparisonfrom systematic effects which might dis-tort results obtained from the existingdata. (For example, if poor studentstend to take education courses becausethey are "easy to pass," this must beallowed for in comparing the intrinsicutility of education courses with that of"content" courses for training of teach-ers; but if we are interested in the rela-tive effectiveness of education and "sub-ject-matter" graduates as teachers, thensuch effects should be ignored.)

Until some such study is made, I donot see how the present controversy canbe anything more than a difference ofopinion which, for lack of evidence,cannot be resolved.

ANDREW T. YOUNG11 Buena Vista Park,Cambridge, Massachusetts

Luminous Wrist Watches

Joyet [Bull. acad. suisse sci. med. 14,367 (1958)] reports that the averageman's luminous wrist watch contains0.36 gc of radium and the averagewoman's watch, 0.13 RLc, both being ofthe type in which the entire dial ispainted. A man wearing such a watch24 hours a day receives a gonadal doseof about 21.8 mr/yr, and a woman re-ceives about 1 2.7 mr/yr, as measured byJoyet.A sample of 224 persons (a group of

Government employees in New YorkCity in all of the occupation categoriesand levels represented) was investigated.Questions were asked and observationswere made as to type of watch and wear-ing habits, with the results given inTable 1.When Joyet's results were combined

with the results for this sample of NewYorkers, it was found that the averagegonadal exposure of the 224 persons iscalculated to be 3.83 mr per year perperson. The fact that very few, if any,persons in the age group up to age 30or 35 wear watches for the first 10 or soyears of life should not be ignored. Thiswould tend to reduce the figure 3.83 toabout 2.5 mr/yr. This reduction mightbe offset slightly by the fact that, of theluminous watches worn, a larger fractionis worn by younger than by older adults.This was a general observation, and find-ings were not tabulated.

If we assume, then, that the averageannual dose is about 3 mr from birth toage 35, the 35-year dose will be about0.1 r, as compared with the estimate byLaughlin and Pullman of 0.03 r (range0 to 0.3 r) given in the National Acad-

Table 1. Data on the wearing of luminouswatches from a survey of 224 Governmentemployees in New York City.

Item

Total number questionedNumber wearing watchesof all typesNumber wearing lumi-

nous dial watches:Less than 10 hr/day10-19 hr/day19-24 hr/day

* Only one watch found with(Joyet's category P).

Men Women

148 76

114 57

03416*

020

luminous points

SCIENCE, VOL. 129

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emy of Sciences report of 1956. Thisamounts to about 3 percent of naturalbackground radiation and only about 1.5percent of the total radiation dose de-rived from background plus medical anddental exposure to the gonads, as cur-rently estimated.

HANSON BLATZCity of New York Department ofHealth, New York

Ruth Benedict

Julian Steward, in his long and pre-vailingly generous review [Science 129,322 (1959)] of An Anthropologist atWork, Writings of Ruth Benedict, raisesthree issues which seem to call for clari-fication. He interprets my discussion ofRuth Benedict as a "figure of transi-tion" as referring to her role in linkingtogether the Boas period of anthropologyand one small segment of contemporaryculture and personality research knownas "national character." I did not usethe term in any such parochial sense, butrather in reference to the whole intel-lectual climate of opinion of the secondquarter of the twentieth century.

Steward asks why I did not mentionthe Kardiner-Linton seminar held atColumbia University in the late 1930's.At the time that Abram Kardiner inde-pendently began to apply psychoanalytictheory to the study of culture, the majortheoretical lines for the study of person-ality and culture (as in John Dollard'sCriteria for the Life History) had al-ready been worked out by Roheim,Sachs, Fromm, Erikson, Frank, Dollard,Sapir, Gorer, and myself, and RuthBenedict was already familiar with them.Kardiner's one new contribution-histheory of primary and secondary insti-tutions- neither she nor I found useful.Although it is uncertain to what extentRalph Linton mediated the existing lit-erature to Kardiner, I have always re-garded Kardiner's work as an exampleof historical parallelism.On the third point, the extent to

which Steward feels that the ColumbiaUniversity department of anthropologywas, during his membership in the de-partment, a continuation of the Boastradition, Steward himself is surely thebest authority.

MARGARET MEADAmerican Museum of Natural History,New York

Winchester's Genetics

In a review of A. M. Winchester'sbook, Genetics [Science 129, 91 (1959)],the reviewer dismissed the book as onethat he could not recommend for use by

students of the subject. He commentedthat the book was apparently written forcollege students with little formal educa-tion, and lhe seemed to imply that theresvas something wrong with such a textbeing anthropocentrically oriented. Sincethe book was published by a distin-guished publishing house, and the seriesill which it appears is edited by a ge-neticist who was also then a member ofthe Editorial Board of Science, it seemedto me that something must be awrysomewhere. I therefore sent for a copyof Winchester's book, and having readit I have now satisfied myself wherethings went awry. They went awry withthe reviewer. He committed the cardinalsin of reviewing, namely, reviewing abook at a level for which it was notwritten and at which it was never in-tended to be read. The author quiteclearly sets out the classes of readers forwhom the book is intended: the nonspe-cialist student in genetics, the student ofpsychology, sociology, or medical science,and those wishing to take the course asan elective or as a part of a general edu-cation program.As one who has had to learn his ge-

netics from books, and who has read arepresentative number of them over thecourse of the years, I should like to pro-test the reviewer's unfair dismissal ofthis book, and to go on record as sayingthat Winchester's book is, in my opinion,a book eminently well suited to meet therequirements of a first and perhaps onlycourse in genetics for the student who isnot specializing in the subject. The textis clearly and soundly written, the illus-trations, tables, and figures are clear andquite generally most interesting in them-selves, and the problems are most help-fully constructed. The orientation towardman makes the book unusually interest-ing.

ASHLEY MONTAGU321 Cherry Hill Road,Princeton, New Jersey

While it is true that Winchester's bookis meant to appeal to students of variedbackgrounds, it is apparently meant forbiology students as well. This point,however, is really quite unimportant,for the real issue is whether any text-book that treats its subject in a trivialand superficial manner should be usedin any course in our universities.Montagu is entitled to his opinion of

the book, but his obvious appeal to theauthority of a member of the EditorialBoard of Science is unworthy of seriouscomment. I am sorry, however, that Ihave piqued the sensibilities of an an-thropologist by complaining about theexcessive anthropocentric orientation ofa textbook of genetics.

S. R. GROSSRockefeller Institute, New York

SCIENCE, VOL. 129