This document has a list of experiments to assist students to strengthen basics, understand and relate

science to their day to day life. Most of the experiments listed are as per the prescribed curriculum of

Karnataka State Secondary 8th standard.

Science Experiments – Class VIII

Youth for Seva

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INDEX NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION:

Sl.No Experiment Page number

1. Upright coin 4

2. Spinner 4

3. Balloon rocket 5

DESCRIBING MOTION:

Sl.No Experiment Page number

1. Rotating stone 5

ENERGY AND ITS FORMS:

Sl.No. Experiment Page number

1. Stone and paper 5

2. Changing inclinations 6

LIGHT

Sl.No. Experiment Page number

1. Pinhole cardboard 6

2. Ray diagrams 7

3. Mirror images 7

4. Add sugar, bend light 8

5. Total reflection 8

6. Fiber optics 8

7. Imagining images 9

8. Light experiments 9

9. Simple rainbow 9

10. Multiple images 10

COMMUNICATION GADGETS:

Sl.No. Experiment Page number

1. Rope ripple 10

2. Straw waves 10

3. Dynamic wave model 11

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BEYOND THE EARTH:

Sl.No. Experiment Page number

1. Sun, earth and moon model 11

2. Basic astronomy 11

3. Spin of earth 12

4. Celestial craters 12

5. Phases of moon 12

6. Constellations viewer 12

WORLD OF SOUNDS:

Sl.No Experiment Page number

1. Production of sounds 13

2. Propogation of sounds 13

3. Table thunder 14

4. Bell jar experiment 14

HEAT:

Sl.No Experiment Page number

1. Expansion of air 14

2. Phat-phat boat 15

3. Expansion of warm air 15

4. Ball and ring experiment 15

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

Sl.No Experiment Page number

1. Human digestive system 16

STATES OF MATTER:

Sl.No Experiment Page number

1. Molecular arrangement 16

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NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION

1.

Name of the experiment Upright coin

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate inertia Concept to explain When the paper is pulled slowly, the coin falls.

When the paper is pulled quickly, the coin does not fall. This is due to inertia. The coin tends to remain in its previous position.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/inertiacoin.html

Section Newton unplugged

2.

Name of the experiment Spinner

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate Newtons second law of motion

Second law: The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to, and in the same direction as, the net force acting on the body, and inversely proportional to its mass. Thus, F = ma, where F is the net force acting on the object, m is the mass of the object and a is the acceleration of the object.

Concept to explain When air is blown through the straw, the force applied in blowing the air is converted into acceleration of the spinning straw. And as Force=mass*acceleration, lighter the mass and greater the force applied, greater the acceleration.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/sspinner.html

Section Newton Unplugged

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3.

Name of the experiment Balloon Rocket

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate Newtons third law of motion Concept to explain Energy spent in blowing the air into balloon is stored

in the balloon as potential energy. When end of balloon is opened, there is equal and opposite force exerted from the balloon converting potential energy into kinetic energy

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/balloonrocket.html

Section Newton unplugged

DESCRIBING MOTION:

1.

Name of the experiment Rotating stone

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the direction of velocity in circular motion.

Concept to explain The direction of velocity of any object in circular motion is always tangential to the circular path in which the object is moving.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Take a thick and long thread and tie it around a stone. Hold the free end of the thread and rotate the stone fast. After a few rotations, when sufficient speed has been acquired, let go the thread. Observe the direction of motion of the stone.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

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ENERGY AND ITS FORMS:

1.

Name of the experiment Stone and paper

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the dependence of kinetic on the mass of an object.

Concept to explain Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of an object.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Take a stone and drop it from a given height. Notice the speed with which it reaches the ground. Repeat the same with a paper. Notice the difference in the speeds.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

2.

Name of the experiment Changing inclinations

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the dependence of kinetic energy on the velocity of an object.

Concept to explain Kinetic energy of any body is directly proportional to the square of the velocity with which an object is moving.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Take an inclined plane and place an object a small distance from the plane near the slope. Take another object and allow it to slide freely on the plane. This object hits the stationary object and it moves a certain distance away. Now decrease the inclination of the plane and once again slide the object. When this object hits the stationary object the distance moved by it decreases because of lesser force and thereby lesser kinetic energy.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

Youth for Seva

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LIGHT:

1.

Name of the experiment Pinhole carboard

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the rectilinear propogation of light. Concept to explain Light always travels in straight lines.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Take three cardboards of the same size and a candle. Make pinholes on the cardboard at exactly the centre. Make the cardboards stand vertically with some distance in between. Light the candle and place it near the pinhole such that the light passes through one of the cardboard. Observe the other end of the cardboard away from the candle. If the position of any of the three cardboards is altered, candle flame cannot be observed.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

2.

Name of the experiment Ray Diagrams

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the effect of plain, convex and concave mirror on a beam of light.

Concept to explain In case of a plain mirror the incident light rebounces on the same path.

In case of a convex mirror, the rays diverge.

In case of a concave mirror,the rays converge at focus.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/raydiagram.html

Section

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3.

Name of the experiment Mirror images

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the nature of image produced by concave and convex mirrors.

Concept to explain A concave mirror forms an inverted image.

A convex mirror forms an erect image.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Take a neat steel spoon. Observe the nature of image of your face formed on either sides of the spoon.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

Section

4.

Name of the experiment Add Sugar Bend Light Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the cause for refraction. Concept to explain Bending of light when it passes through density

gradient

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/Addsugarbendlight.html

Section Fun with Light

5.

Name of the experiment Total Reflection Purpose / Objective Light – Reflection and Refraction Concept to explain Demonstrate the concept of total internal reflection

and refraction

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/refraction.reflection.html

Section Fun with Light

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6.

Name of the experiment Fiber Optics Purpose / Objective Application of total internal reflection Concept to explain An optical fibre works on the principle of total

internal reflection.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/fiberoptics.html

Section Fun with Light

7.

Name of the experiment Imagining Images Purpose / Objective Refraction of light through curved transparent

medium. Concept to explain Nature of images formed by concave and convex

lenses.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/imaginingimages.html

Section Fun with Light

8.

Name of the experiment Light Experiments Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the effect of various optical

materials in the path of light. Concept to explain Explains the concepts of reflection and refraction.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/lightexp.html

Section Fun with Light

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9.

Name of the experiment Simple Rainbow Purpose / Objective Dispersion of light Concept to explain Explain formation of Rainbow through dispersion of

light

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/rainbow.html

Section Fun with Light

10.

Name of the experiment Multiple images Purpose / Objective To demonstrate some interesting effects of reflection Concept to explain Explains the formation of multiple images using two

mirrors,by varying the angle between them.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/multipleimages.html

Section Fun with Light

COMMUNICATION GADGETS

1.

Name of the experiment Rope Ripple Purpose / Objective Waves Concept to explain To show wavelength, frequency etc

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/roperipple.html

another link which explain various concepts

http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_gp_ls.html Section Magic Miscellany

Youth for Seva

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2.

Name of the experiment Straw Waves Purpose / Objective Waves Concept to explain To show the model of a wave

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/waves.html

Section Magic Miscellany

3.

Name of the experiment Dynamic Wave model Purpose / Objective Waves Concept to explain To show the model of a wave

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/Dynamicwavemodel.html

Section Magic Miscellany

BEYOND THE EARTH

1.

Name of the experiment Sun Earth Moon model Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the movement of earth and moon

around the sun. Concept to explain Basic concepts of revolution, rotation, solar eclipse,

lunar eclipse etc.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/sunearthmoonmodel.html

Section Amazing Astronomy

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2.

Name of the experiment Basic Astronomy Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the movement of earth around the

sun. Concept to explain Basic concepts of revolution, rotation, solar eclipse,

lunar eclipse etc.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/planetarymotion.html

Section Amazing Astronomy

3.

Name of the experiment Spin of Earth Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the spinning of earth. Concept to explain Rotation of earth

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/flat%20poles.html

Section Amazing Astronomy

4.

Name of the experiment Celestial Craters Purpose / Objective Craters on moon Concept to explain Formation of craters on moon.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/Celestialcraters.html

Section Amazing Astronomy

Youth for Seva

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5.

Name of the experiment Phases of Moon Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the various phases of moon. Concept to explain Explains the various phases of moon.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/Phasesofmoon.html

Section Amazing Astronomy

6.

Name of the experiment Constellations viewer Purpose / Objective Star patterns in the sky Concept to explain Types of star patterns (constellations).

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/Constellationsviewer.html

Section Amazing Astronomy

WORLD OF SOUNDS

1.

Name of the experiment Production of sound Purpose / Objective To demonstrate that sound is produced by

vibrations. Concept to explain Vibrating bodies produce sound.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Place a ruler on a table so that about three-quarters of it juts out from the table edge. Now hold down the end on the table with your hand. Bend the other end and let go quickly. The ruler vibrates up and down. Note what sound you hear. Again place the ruler so that half juts out from the table edge. Repeat the experiment with different lengths of the ruler jutting out from the table edge. From these experiences one may conclude that sound is

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produced by vibrations.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

Section

2.

Name of the experiment Propogation of sound Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the nature of sound waves. Concept to explain Sound waves

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

The way in which sound waves propogate can be studied by observing how they travel along the surface of water. They can often be seen in lakes, ponds and harbours. A more detailed examination of this behaviour can be made in the laboratory by producing ripples on the surface of a shallow dish of water.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

3.

Name of the experiment Table thunder Purpose / Objective To compare the speed of sound through solids and

gases. Concept to explain Sound travels faster through solids than through

gases.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Sit opposite to your friend. Knock on the table. Ask your friend to hear the sound. Now ask your friend to place his ear against the surface of the table. Knock on the table. Ask your friend to hear the sound and compare which of the two sounds was louder.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

4.

Name of the experiment Bell jar experiment Purpose / Objective To demonstrate that sound does not travel through

vacuum.

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Concept to explain Sound requires a material medium to propogate.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Tie two small bells inside the vacuum receiver. Start the experiment by shaking the receiver with air inside; you will hear the bells ringing. Then screw in the cap tightly, suck the air out of the receiver with the pump. Shake the receiver again.You will not hear the ringing of the bells as clearly as before. You can create the vacuum by burning pieces of paper in the receiver.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

HEAT:

1.

Name of the experiment Expansion of Air Purpose / Objective To show the effects of Heat – Expansion Concept to explain Air expands by absorbing the body heat

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/expansion.html

Section Air and Water

2.

Name of the experiment Phatphat boat Purpose / Objective To show the effects of Heat – Expansion Concept to explain Liquid water converted to steam when heated

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/Phat-PhatBoat.html

Section Air and Water

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3.

Name of the experiment Expansion of Warm Air Purpose / Objective To show that air expands on heating Concept to explain When air is heated, the molecules of air gain energy

and start vibrating rapidly about their mean positions. Thus causing the air to expand.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/Expansionofwarmair.html

Section Fun with Pressure

4.

Name of the experiment Ball and ring experiment Purpose / Objective Solids expand on heating Concept to explain The molecules of a solid gain energy and start to

vibrate rapidly thereby causing the solid to expand on heating.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Suspend a metallic ball on a thick string. Take a ring whose dimensions are just sufficient to pass the metallic ball through it. Now heat the ball and try passing the ball through the ring. Observe that the ball fails to pass through the ring. Now, let the ball cool for sometime and once again pass it through the same ring. The ball passes through the ring.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

Section

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BIOLOGY

Digestive system

1.

Name of the experiment Human digestive system Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the functioning of human digestive

system. Concept to explain Explains various parts of human digestive system and

their functioning.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)

http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/toys/Humandigestivesystem.html

Section Beginners biology

CHEMISTRY:

STATES OF MATTER:

Name of the experiment Molecular arrangement

Purpose / Objective To demonstrate the arrangement of molecules in solids, liquids and gases

Concept to explain Molecules are very tightly packed in solids, loosely packed in liquids and are very far away from each other in gases.

Steps (if not available in arvindguptatoys) :

Tightly pack thermocol balls in a small cover to depict arrangement of molecules in solids. Take a pot of water and cover the surface of water with thermocol balls such that they are able to move but yet very close to each other. This depicts arrangement of molecules in liquids Take a pot of water and add some thermocol balls such that they float very far away from each other. This depicts arrangement of molecules in gases.

For Class (8,7 or 6) Class 8

Reference to arvindguptatoys (section and experiment number)