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8/3/2019 Science Building Materials Key Stage 1 Teachers Notes
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Weald & Downland Open Air Museum
Teachers Notes
Building Materials
Key Stage I
An interactive science and technology project funded by
The Clore Duffield Foundation
Teachers notes prepared byKatherine Stanton & Victoria Lesley from
Kingsham Primary School, Chichester
8/3/2019 Science Building Materials Key Stage 1 Teachers Notes
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Trolley 1
Aim: To distinguish between raw materials and finished building materials used forhouses.
Look and talk about the upstanding panel which depicts raw materials. Can the childrenidentify the stone quarry/field of wheat/trees/clay pit and sandy beach?
Look at and touch the timber/brick /thatch/glass and clay - can the children name them?
What do they feel like?
Explain that these objects are made from the raw materials from the areas pictured onthe panel.
Can the children link the objects with the correct picture?
Children to place the objects on the correct picture.
Think about what they feel like. Read/ get a child to read the descriptive words. Place
them on top of the appropriate object
Extension:
In the box beneath the trolley are more complicated examples of building materials:
Clay floor tile, roof tile, stained glass, clay drainage pipe
What are they? What are they used for?
National Curriculum:
History: chronological understanding/ knowledge and understanding of events Design
Technology: knowledge and understanding of materialsScience: Grouping materials/ changing materials
Early Learning Goals:
Observe, find out about and identify features in the place they live and the natural worldInvestigate objects and materials by using their senses as appropriate
Find out about and identify some features of living things and objects they observe
What to do after the activity:
In the museum:
Visit the saw pit. As you walk through the woods, explain to the children that the trees
around them can be turned into useful building materials.
Tell the children that in the past, when the trees had been felled and cut into shorter
lengths, the logs were taken to saw pits like this and were rolled over the top of the pit.Two men sawed the wood: One person stood in the pit while the other stood on top and
guided the saw. The long saw they used is called a pit saw.
At school:
Can the children identify the materials used for the school building or their own homes?
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Trolley 2
Aim: To recognise the materials used in a building. To recognise the differencesbetween materials used in old and modern houses
Task:
Look at the upstanding panel. Can the children match the photographs of the different
houses to the pictures on the panel?
Look at and touch the different materials - timber, wattle and daub, clay and concrete
tiles, bricks, glass, flint, brick quoins, thatch, plastic window frames. Can the children
say what the materials are made from? / Explain what the materials are made from.
Children place the relevant materials on to the correct photograph of a house.
North Cray - timber, wattle and daub, clay tileLavant - brick, glass, clay tile
Walderton - flint, brick quoins, thatchModern house - brick, concrete tile, plastic window frame
There is also some binding used for holding the thatch together. The children should not
touch this and it will need to be shown by an adult due to the sharp ends.
Extension: To identify the tools that are needed to build the different houses.
In the box underneath the trolley are the pictures of the tools - saw, trowel, hammer,
screwdriver, chisel, shovel, axe, bucket, hod, wheelbarrow, cement mixer, lorry, ladder,horse and cart, hard hat, drill. Which tools would be used to build which houses? Are
different tools needed for old / modern houses?
National Curriculum:
History: historical enquiry
Science: grouping materials
Design Technology: working with tools, equipment and materials / knowledge and
understanding of materials
Early Learning Goals:
Find out about past and present events in their own lives, and in those of their families
and other people they know.
Investigate objects and materials by using all of their senses as appropriate.
Express and communicate their ideas, thoughts and feelings by using a widening range
of materials and suitable tools.
What to do after the activity:
In the museum:
Visit the different houses - North Cray. Lavant and Walderton.
At school: Go on a walk near your school. What materials have been used to build any modern
houses?
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Trolley 3
Aim: To recognise the different ways in which brick walls can be built. To recognisewhy brick walls are laid in patterns.
Task:
Look at the upstanding panel and discuss the pictures of the different types of brick wall
Flemish bond, English bond, garden wall bond.
Look at the foundations of the brick walls which are painted on the working surface of
the trolley. Can the children use the wooden bricks to build different walls? The wooden
bricks are painted blue on the ends to show how the bricks go together. They can usethe felt as mortar.
Which patterns have been created? Do they all work? Why do we need these patterns?
Experiment building a wall without a pattern. Does it work? Is it as strong?
Extension:
Can the children build their own house using the wooden bricks? Which pattern should
be used to build the walls?
National Curriculum:
Design Technology: working with equipment and materials
Art and Design: investigating and making craft and design / knowledge andunderstanding
Early Learning Goals:
Explore colour, texture, shape, form and space in two or three dimensions.
Express and communicate their ideas, thoughts and feelings by using a widening range
of materials and suitable tools.
What to do after the activity:
In the museum: Walk around the museum to see the different wall patterns used on each building. How
many different patterns can you see?
At school:
Go on a walk near your school. How many different wall patterns can you see? Are the
patterns different depending on what the building / wall is used for?
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Trolley 4
Aim: To sequence the way in which timber can be changed.
Look at the upstanding panel which shows a fully grown tree, timber joint and chair. Can
the children name the objects?
Ask the children which object comes first. Do they notice a connection between the
objects? Ask the children which order the objects go in.
Look in the tray. There is a slice of a tree trunk which needs putting together. Ask the
children how they know which piece goes where (ring growth). Children to put the treetrunk together and adult to secure with elastic bands.
Look at the timber joints which are in the tray. Ask the children to put them together
using the pegs. What could they be used for?
Discuss with the children which comes first - the sawn timber or the tree trunk. Childrento explain their answer.
Extension:
With the children, look at the different objects under the trolley.
Discuss what they are all made from (wood).
Can the children name the objects and explain what they are for?
Discuss with the children the different uses of wood, e.g. functional and items of beauty.
National Curriculum:History: Chronological Understanding
Design Technology: Working with tools, equipment, materials and components to make quality
products Science: Grouping materials
Early Learning Goals:Find out about and identify some features of living things
Select the tools and techniques they need to assemble and join the materials they are using
What to do after the activity:
In the museum:
Can the children identify the different types of uses of wood as they go around the
museum, or in a certain area?
At school:
Discuss the differences between functional pieces of wood and objects of beauty. Go on
a 'treasure hunt' around school, looking for items made from wood. What are they used
for? Are they functional items or objects of beauty?
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Trolley 5
Aim: To identify the uses of different rooms in an old house. To recognise thedifferences between the past and today.
Task:
Look at the upstanding panel which has a painting of North Cray house on it. Discuss its
outside features - how many windows / doors does it have? What colour is it?
In the trolley there is a model of North Cray house. Can the children put the housetogether.
Extension:
Can the children place the furniture into the house? Which room would you put a piece
of furniture in and why? What do you think the room was used for?
National Curriculum:
History: chronological understanding / knowledge and understanding of people and
changes in the past / historical enquiry
Early Learning Goals:
Find out about past and present events in their own lives, and in those of their families
and other people they know.
What to do after the activity:
In the museum:
As extension activity, looking at and discussing North Cray house.
Walk around some of the other houses. Are they different from North Cray house? If
they are different, why is this?
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Trolley 6
Aim: To discuss and suggest reasons how and why buildings are located on a farm.
Look at the separate panel which shows a country landscape of downland hills, woodland,
streams, fields and farmhouse. Talk with the children about their journey to the museum.
Did they notice these features on their journey? Have most of the children visited thecountryside? What did they see?
Activity A
Tell them that they are going to arrange the farm buildings on the panel. Show them the
windmill. Ask the children where they think it should go. Discuss where it would be best to
catch the wind (on a hill) and get the children to place accordingly.Watermill - near large river for power
Barns - near arable fields to collect harvest easily
Granaries - near the millsAnimal sheds - near the farmhouse for the farmer to look after them
Activity B
Show the children the painted map of the farmyard. The children now need to arrange the
farm buildings on the painted landscape in the most sensible locations.
Ask the children which building they need to start with (farmhouse). Why? If the children
can justify a different building, allow them to continue arranging their farmyard. If they dobecome stuck on which is the most sensible building to begin with, ask them questions such
as Who runs the farm? Where do they live? Where should their house be?
Suggested order of buildings from farmhouse:
Barns
Byres
Hen houses
Ask the children to talk about what they are doing and justify their reasons, i.e. cows needmilking everyday and therefore need to be near the milking parlour, eggs need collecting
everyday, sheep can be left to graze. Ask the children when the farmer would want his sheep
close by (lambing time).Talk about making the farmer's life easier and saving time when arranging the buildings.Allow the children to place the animals around the farmyard and play with the farm.
National Curriculum:
Geography: Geographical enquiry and skills/ knowledge and understanding of places/knowledge and understanding of patterns and processes
Early Learning Goals:
Find out about their environment and talk about those features they like and dislike
What to do after the activity:
In the museum:
Look at the watermill from Lurgashall, near Petworth. Where is it? What is it close to? Whyis this?
Or, look at the charcoal burner's camp. Charcoal is partly burnt wood and was used to make
gunpowder and in iron making and was very important. Charcoal gives about twice as much
heat as wood when it is burned. Where is the charcoal burner's camp? (in the woods) Whyis it here? (lived near his work).