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Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech products

Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

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Page 1: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

Science and technology indicators

R&D

Innovation surveys

Patents

Bibliometrics

Technological balance of payments

Human resources for S&T

Trade in high-tech products

Page 2: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

A ANÁLISE TRADICIONAL DE I&DTA ANÁLISE TRADICIONAL DE I&DT

ANÁLISE: OUTPUT - capacidade científica

- capacidade tecnológica

QUESTÃO: Qual a localização da I&D?

Qual o financiamento da I&D?

Espaço: - geográfico

- sectorial

- organizacional

- funcional (?)

Tempo: - análise histórica

- análise prospectiva

Page 3: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech
Page 4: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

C&T na OCDE: Evolução 63-95C&T na OCDE: Evolução 63-95

DE

NL

BE

PTGR

ITIE

US

JP

UK

FR

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

1963Staff in R&D / 1000 inhabitants

% GNP applied in R&D

DE

NL

UEBE

PT

GR

IT

IE US

JPUK

FR

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

1995

DE

NL

BE

PTGR

ITIE

US

JP

UK

FR UE

JP

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Page 5: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

Desafios para a análise da I&DTDesafios para a análise da I&DT

• QUESTÕES:

• Os determinantes da localização e financiamento da I&D

• As interacções entre actores

• Input, Output e Impacto

• E AINDA:

• Eco-Eficiência

- 3D’s: social, económica, ambiental

• Desenvolvimento inclusivo

Page 6: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

DA C&T…DA C&T…... AO DESENVOLVIMENTO SÓCIO-ECONÓMICO... AO DESENVOLVIMENTO SÓCIO-ECONÓMICO

K DSistema

C&Te

Inovação

Sistema social

e económico

Inputs Outputs

‘C’ refere-se a conhecimento, e ‘D’ refere-se a desenvolvimento

Inputs

Outputs

Page 7: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

O Sistema de C&T:O Sistema de C&T: Input-Output-Impacto Input-Output-Impacto

S O C I E D A D E

I & D O u t p u t s I m p a c t oI n p u t s

Page 8: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

Aspectos a analisarAspectos a analisar

• Evolução temporal: taxas de crescimento

• Participação das empresas

- estrutura industrial

- cooperação inter-institucional

• Participação do Estado

• Financiamento Estrangeiro

• Evolução temporal: taxas de crescimento

• Participação das empresas

- estrutura industrial

- cooperação inter-institucional

• Participação do Estado

• Financiamento Estrangeiro

Page 9: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

CONHECIMENTO E INOVAÇÃO - 1

• DADOS - números, palavras, sons, imagens não organizadas

• DADOS - números, palavras, sons, imagens não organizadas

Definições: Definições:

• INFORMAÇÃO - dados organizados e processados com significado (dados com valor)

• CONHECIMENTO - informação organizada para utilização produtiva (informação com valor)

• INFORMAÇÃO - dados organizados e processados com significado (dados com valor)

• CONHECIMENTO - informação organizada para utilização produtiva (informação com valor)

• INOVAÇÃO “… concerns the search for, and the discovery, experimentation, development, and adoption of new production processes and new organizational set-up”Dosi (1988)

• INOVAÇÃO “… concerns the search for, and the discovery, experimentation, development, and adoption of new production processes and new organizational set-up”Dosi (1988)

Ideia chave: mais do que qualquer outra actividade económica, a inovação e a mudança tecnológica dependem da criação e distribuição do conhecimento

Ideia chave: mais do que qualquer outra actividade económica, a inovação e a mudança tecnológica dependem da criação e distribuição do conhecimento

Page 10: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech
Page 11: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

The linear model

Research-based

Sequential

Tecnocratic

Page 12: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

What we know…“The Chain Link Model”

Chain Linked Model of Innovation

Potential Markets

Invention/analytical design

Detailed design & Test

Re-design & Production

Distribution & market

Knowledge

Research

Kline & Rosenberg

Technology platforms

BUS

“Communities of practice”

Page 13: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

FONTES DE INFORMAÇÃO EM INOVAÇÃO

O Manual de Oslo adopta a perspectiva da inovação como um processo interactivo “The Chain-Linked Model” (Kline e Rosenberg, 1986), requerendo a consideração de uma larga variedade de “fontes” tecnológicas (internas e externas), “feedbacks” e agentes envolvidos no processo de inovação.

Caso de estudo: Inovação em Itália (Evangelista e Sirilli, 1997)

Sources of information for innovation

Firms for which the source is relevant

SourcesNumber of firms % on total

innovating firmsRanking on the

manufacturer sector

Internal sources

Production/delivery 527 69.5

Marketing 413 54.5 (1)

Other internal sources 344 45.4

R&d 320 42.2

External sources

Suppliers of equipment, materials andcomponents

583 76.9 (2)

Conferences, seminars, specialisedjounals, etc

515 67.9 (6)

Consultancy firms 511 67.4 (7)

Competitors 469 61.9 (5)

Clients and customers 461 60.8 (4)

Fairs and exhibitions 395 52.1 (3)

Universities and higher educationalinstitutes

180 23.7 (10)

Private research institutes 156 21.9 (9)

Patents, licences, etc. 165 21.8 (8)

Public research institutes (excludinguniversities)

157 20.7 (11)

Other external sources 56 7.4 (12)

* Computed on data provided by the Italian innovation survey in the manufacturing sector

Page 14: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech
Page 15: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

The exponential growth of S&T indicators at the international level

Decades 50s and 60s 70s 80s 90s

Main indicators used Re&D Re&D Re&D Re&DPatents Patents PatentsTechnological balance Technological balance Technological balanceof payments of payments of payments

High-tech products High-tech productsand sectors and sectorsBibliometrics BibliometricsHuman resources Human resources

Innovation surveys Innovation surveysInnovations mentioned intechnical literatureSurveys of productiontechnologiesGovernment support toindustrial technologyIntangible investmentIndicators of informationand communication technologiesInput-Output matrixes *Productivity *Venture capital *Mergers and acquisitions *

* Indicators mutuated from economic analysis.

Page 16: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

Period 1960's-1970's 1980's-early1990's

1990's - nextmillennium

Model Linear model Chain-linkedmodel

Systemsapproaches

Conception Simple Complex Extremelycomplex

Number ofindicators

Few(R&D, patents,TBP)

Many(R&D, patents,bibliometrics,innovation, hightech products,humanresources)

Too many(combinationsof existing andpossibly newindicators,quantitative/qualitative)

Page 17: Science and technology indicators R&D Innovation surveys Patents Bibliometrics Technological balance of payments Human resources for S&T Trade in high-tech

FONTES DE INFORMAÇÃO

• “ Intl. Conferences on Technology Policy and Innovation”, Macau, 1997; Lisboa, 1998

• The Sixth Periodic Report, EC: http://inforegio.cec.eu.int/6rp

• EC-TSER (DGXII) Reports: “REGIS Project”; “Policy Intelligence”

• “ Intl. Conferences on Technology Policy and Innovation”, Macau, 1997; Lisboa, 1998

• The Sixth Periodic Report, EC: http://inforegio.cec.eu.int/6rp

• EC-TSER (DGXII) Reports: “REGIS Project”; “Policy Intelligence”

• Relatórios OCDE (“Evaluation of Innovation Policies”, “Innovation Surveys”)

• Relatórios OCDE (“Evaluation of Innovation Policies”, “Innovation Surveys”)