Science - A Golden Exploring Earth Book

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Animal Who's Who 2

Animal Homes

4Feeding Time 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6

Resting Time 0 8 When Wintr Comes 0 9Animal Babies 10Plnts That Make Seeds 0 12

Ts rough t Ya Plnts Without S 0 Flows How Seds Travel Why th Wind los Wat ae It Rain? Snow and Ice

Rainbo Colors Light and Shadow Th Big Round World Da and Night Ho Rocks Were Made 0 What I

,nsde

t

�

h 0

.

• , • 0 o, 0 :. _

Pebble 0 0 Sand and Soil Land and Sa



EXPLORING EARTH

Animals, plats, rocks, gavity, day and ght, rai

an snow, te sky and te ocean-with many fascinatin

expeiments and activities

By Rose Wyler

Illuratons by Maje Hawell a Vaerie Swenso

Cover by Rod Rt

� Wr bg C c. c c

Copyright© 1973, 1957 by Wesern Publishng Compay, Ic.All rgh reserved incudng he rig of reproduction n

whole o part n ay orm Prned in .A.GOLDEN PRESS@, GOLDEN and A GOLDE EXPLORING EATH BOOK are trademaks of

Wesern Publishing Copany Inc.



O' O

NY kinds of nims d ounow? You cn name more tan outhink You cn ist mn big nimals ofte frm an woods nd te zoo Youknow the test niml te gire

nd te biggest nima the weBut emembetere re tin ni-

mls too You m not tink of n nts n aim But it is one t is cedan insect insects e six egs ntt s how mn n nt as Counttem n see

s spie an insect? Coun its legs

You wil nd it hs eight spider is ot n insec either is housnd-legger. But bot ae animals

Some nims ve no legs t orms nd snils re egess nmlsS r s nd snkes

Some imls ve bones Soe do

o; Yo u cn tink of mn ls

wth boes te fubering -

ms, l the birds nd s, l· te

snakes nd o ads nd frogs and turtles

ae bones But tere re may imswich ae no bones

orms e none ee einsecs spiders nd tousndlegges

nimas tt ve n sessostes and snaisae no bones

en tee ae animas with ardtoug skinste cbs and lostese ve no bones nd jesh dstrs ae none eiter

e smaest nims of a have obones e cn be seen onl trough

magnifing gss or a microscopeThese smallest animals hae no fcs,

no ams, no egs. Te ave no shells

no f eters, o fur, o sk. They re

lke tn drops of jellWhy are they all caed a imals?

ll anims re ike in soe ws

The brete. The ll e A d

ey ave young tht grow up o e

lke the parets





e dee Hr n w vs n ccts sn nr

rock n riri gs n urrw.

AA O

L anima's hoe is he placewher it feeds and ress This may b

a ed of grss or a pah o dt n neth a big stone It y be a pn a desert, a hot jungle o the zen northnd.

The animals that ive n ld lceshave hick coats f u u eaes tt kee the wrm I deserts,any animals have scly sins chrotect them rom ryness Mo shore anials have shels wic ptheir boie mist when te d gs

out

ed This feld mouse lives aong he tall grasse.

At the pond. Chipmuks hav unneled among the ree

rs nd rd sd n rn nd sns

r nr nd r nd r d r Tdr d s n r



i i ht h h hid ti B c cnd ti i d- h

t hs cv t hw i ch ii g

d ond qi i d ow Th hv v ds d oo cctd

Th h id i wThis w ct t t ctch insct, whic th id .

A cv dgg. e trdr ider lie i klindm wit dr tt exy

Alg th ch. Hre (ft t ight) r t shhsh, trs, n c t h ng th re Av y thr nig r th g

t hm. Te er l i te tr t te d d te wf ty wk nd hnt fd T qr hs tre f nus n th tre.



Ss s d t d

Bg a Montin ons n coyotes hunt oth nis. hn thy ctch one, they t thy cn ho.Dys y ss eoe ty t gin.

F

I I do o e ree els dy Birds d y smll rry i ls, such s surrels, feed erly lldy log Oer ils, such s oi los d cyoes, et oly oce hle

Soe ils, such s ses, do oge hugry ofte hey e bou oce

ee i wr eher, d i coldweer eve less hey feed o isecs, ors, frogs, d mice

No il es s y ids offood s ou o ew es of ims

le o et bo pl d il foodSoe, such s he oui lio e

oly e hey he shp eeh dclws fo erg heir food

Othes at on y pants D and shep cod not asi y at aw eat if th y tid Th y hav at teth that ae ood fo indin pants.

Birds hve o eeh t l heysllo heir food whole secs, oo,get log iou ee

very il us e d evem hs soe of ettn foo

Oca-wk a A ouse y e nough to stisfy snke's hunge o



Moni lion

Th n l Above you s ths l, ad, and foo o moin lion.Tes show he tet ad laws ih thisnimal use ar is ood amparts f a d's y (low) w thts gtl nma s gea , no huer.

l WUs rt s e exe at se f The ck bod, Is hy fo

p w Ic f t wr The gshp b hes cc air

h ie ja grpers,ofap laf or m

Sucg . T m o

t c m



u

C

Tht S pe

Fish

se

NDNG OOD i th in st is Whn h nt tin, th s

nis, ik , s tniht nd t din th d Oths dst th sit Th st din th in c, dk pc At niht th y

t o d Fd ic, kn ts, nd th s nis sf in th dk

In the deep wate r there is l t tle chan ge fo d t nht n th ocn's dpths, it i w y s dk T sh nd th s nis tt iv h d nt hv nit nd d. st et f wh, thn

st, nd thn t inhn st, s t th t

8

t. Oths st in th wt, mvin thi ns sht t k thsvs std. Th y d not vn cs this Th cnnot, cs th hvn ids

Mn nis d nt Th st st witht shttin thi In ct,on nims with hv is ik s Bid, s, nd tts hv thid id tht i thin nd tnsnt.Ths ds tct th s t d ntk t t.

Most nis dwn t t i tcn Bt ds cn't dwn Mst dspc on nchs ts h u

ot thi fths. h tc dwn th hds. And th y v w



CM

H W co nt toro ot tr dro tr lv

n or r d bt tr d r ndr t lv or now

n too t rd or wtr Int l rr nd cnk dnt to t drn th ntr Fd

tor d n dr cn no lonrnd l t ll t th brk ndt o tr

n nl do not unt ood nntr h crl nto undrroundrro cv or hollow tr trunk rtr ntr l nect m l ncrc n lo or rock

nd om othr tr nm m round ll ntr nl th to th tr turn to ndr th cl oe on

n rn t lt ronrth ln row rom thn r nd out nw budnd v nm cm out o thrwntr nd on n th cnn nt ood

m Dr sar r d in snwdwds W ba sleps in s a ld musesamprs in a n a lg e baer swims eundrar nan is dge in e pnd Te skeep a near bm uls and rgs dp in mud ar n r win sp



Moer grsshoppe lays eggs. Baby rasshoper tches from egg. Young grsshoer nd dlt lk for fd.

ANIMAL

A AA bbies go up ihu ohe's lovng cre Mny of he

neve even see heir ohersThis is rue of insects If bbygsshoppe e its oher eldi ould nt know he r. In he fall, a

oher grasshoppe ls her eggs in tiy hole in he gound or in sof odThen o she goes

·onths laer whe he es war the eggs hch. The youg

gsshoppes th coe fo he eggsc take cre of hemselves . T hey c n

jump roud d ge th eir own food.

They need no help

Nerl ll water nia hve youg

BABES

tt ht or themelve hee n-ml le h l ellcovere e

on wter lnt hen the leve emI ou ee nl n n urum ouwll urel ee the e he loole dr dot n dro o cler ell

I e g you y soefrogs eggs ne he edge of qiepond The eggs re bll-shped dcve ith colless jelly i tdpoles hch fo he They ok d

lve le sh fo while.Eggs of lnd als-ainly bids

d leare covered ih oughskn o shell This coverg keeps he

side of he eggs os

Egg o wt n Uder he godsh (lower ef) re some sh eggs. At cener are some frogsgs. Notice the four sges tht fro goes ough before it grows up. Te snis ( right aso y eggs.



Eggs ar ad b mr brd n acaru bu ns

mr ss n ggs k m Bfr ang m bab brdwarm un ac mus arn prc and g fd

or r cors r o

ggs wt lavs or dr. T

s ls . W yo ug

ac, tey waddl o o u for food.

Anmas a o o ake car of

i bbies usu hv ge mny.Fs y u deds of gs, b u os of

se or t lile s c from

ggs a eatn by othr aimals.

Bds ly er eggs s d s

o m. Ty keep e gs wa

uni e ac. Ten he paens feed

babes an eac em o y.

EXEE

Amost fr-ring nims o not ggs Th mothrs giv ith to is n f thm mik Ths i gt ot of cr n trining. Yo mhv wtch mothr ct with hr

kittns or o with hr pppis.Jus k ow uc r u

ors us gv r bbes yfeed her bes nd keep m wrnd sfe um mohers lso rer bbes for n yers sbcus un bbes ve so muc oen!

AE AOLE

Fnd some frogs' eggs Put tm n a bg gass ar or tank led wt watr and ats fom a ond. Wen t gg atc nto tad os, watc tem are for temsees and grow!

I



of an n. An oa 's sds os. app t' sds a i th o o th appl.

sd of gsss a vy sll, and you my nd mgir g gd l at m.

PLNT THT MKE DS

HE PL ou know bes hve big,bright owers You know mn plnswith sml, du owers, oo Perhpsou never noiced heir bossoms

rsses hve owers he re nnd green os rees hve owers

oo You know pple bossoms nd heowers of oher frui rees Bu o ounow he owers of he ok? he rsml nd green he boom in hsg

Litte owers s we s big owersmke seds ss seeds re s sm sdus ecks Ok seeds re much big-ge You he seen them mn imesou cll em corns Apple sees

no so big Bie n h c f

ppe n ou wll n smn ech f es sees, er s b

pln hee lso is foo f Pine n ees mke ses,

Bu h o no bloom e

her seeds cnes S he cllecneberng pns ns

plns mk ses e cle -n pln

h conebring owens v s, ses n h o chrs ln skes we n hr ne sfrom e so h sm connecs r n lv



CEEAG A

Leaes are ike kitchens. in pipesin te ste bring te leaf water. n-stead of windows tin hoes et in arand sunlgt e ai s mixed wit

water and oter aterias. e greencooring in the eaeschorophacts as te cook With the help f

EXE

TH SEED FR

Pck derent knds of owers and put tem n water n eac ower nd te ace

ere te eeds are formedK INIDE THE EED

ake some fary bg eeds an sk tem oegt ry beans peas and c Cut them n h nd see the bby pant nsde

K T E ITH GNIING Gry to nd te tny oles troug wc

te leaf breates ook on te undersde f te leaf for tem See ow te leaf ens

onnect

FEG A

ir ntrthrghtiny h

sunight it turns air and water into asugar mixure is is te pants foo

Lees use soe of the food theake. e re goes roug ens into

the ste. e sem uses soe of tefood. Al that is eft goes to te rootshe use soe and store te rest



TR TOUG Y

ever ried o cib he seof a ree? Of course you hve o

ree's se is is rukTrees are like oher plas ha gro

fr seed They have roos ssn eaves B hey re diere iha hey ay live for y yers ooer plas re as hardy as rees

Ech of he ai pars of a ree hssoe ay of living hrough erhea d ier cold The uppe secio of he roo hs a ough ski hkeeps i fo feeig o dryig ouThe oo ips rech deep io hegroud There he soil does o freeed here they ca d aer all yer

Th k c h k nch, d wig Bw

d h wd i gn t hgh i Th cdw t h t th fd d hv Th d h i h i d Oh thgh h wd d c w h v

vergree rees such as pe aruce have leaves shaped like eedlesThese re covere ih a oily skihich keeps he fr feeg dryig Cus soe ad hey feel oilyoice heir ice sell Th coesfro heir oil

A MAPE TREow

wn



L I L�l L a,t

Oter nds of trees prepare frwnter seddng ter eaves Late

n er e bo f eac eafste begs t arde Less and esswaer passes fro te twg nto teeaf The eaf egs t ose ts greencor

e e eaves are dryng teym ew red prpe and brwnon aer tese beautl coors appear ws ear e wtered eaes

fr ter twgs rg gusts wte away

Ho

Tup ( )



6

•

I buds redy , n apple t ree

wi ingNew leaves w e •ready to ake e

pace of e ld ones. ey a d i buds, cover wi ck cots. ebds wee made in e

e ig comes, sa ses romte ots. It goes into e bud. eysell ad grow. Sudl ey oOut coe e ne leaves.

Flowers come rom e buds tooSoon ses sart to form B ee sll. May knds al to egu n au an e ee he wine Wen g comes you

Some seeds do not get fa fom rpae tees. ey become slingst�t ve f just a ew yeas. ey deecause ey cao et enoug s-

lt.Oe gs gow an gro

Te ie f many may yes nd

cme geat, beatl ees.In e umme nd f, epe pid d eves dp



EXEMET

R YR N R

Y a lan t tree selin gs i er

pots an d w atch hem g row. S p rig is a go t im e o do t h is.

I n t he f al you c p ln gr ape fri t o rr a nge see s in l i e fw er pt Y u il l sn e seelings f yr

EXEET

CLLETING

Sum mer is h e e s rt lea f cc- n. Pac e yur e a es bt e en shes f newsar. Pie hay bks n t f he shs, o kee te l ea ves fat. Whn he a s are d ry, munt e n s i aer.

G CLLETNG

n auumn an wner, yu can coc

wgs. k for sars aong sds of h gs. hey mark h acs whre avs grw. he skn erng he sars fom in he . sod war from rachng he leaes

k fr bus on wigs, . hy are at he ts and near th scars.

n ary srng, rng he wgs o dr n trees indors and kee hm n waer, n a arm ace. n wach uds e.

Yu i hae any surriss.

7



PLANTS WITHOUT EEDS

Hrsetai asspore caseo sparat stalk.

Youg fes

AV ever see soe brow powder o he uderde o a e ea

pecks o hs powder ca ar ewpas

Each eck s a sore Tere s ofood -jus e beg o a epa

hough es ever ake eedhey are ke ower pas aways They ve roos se aeaves oe grow so al e are

caed ree fes

osses grow ro ores oo Buey have o roos Isead hey have

y hars hch hod he ace e sak serves as he se ro row eaes ad y cases wchod he ore

eaweed d od cu beog aoer grou o pa a ar roores Tes a e ad aaeTe ave o roo or eaveYe ey ca ake ood ro ar adwaer or ey ave coro

Po scus are comm kids of algae



S

m pns ve o chlo opl. S

hy c o mk ood. Thy live ondea thig ro e oo, i leves, d

ca

yin

g ru are fng us pla s.

EXPERIMNTS

MAKE A SORE PRINT

Use a mushrm fr this. First spread a thin cat f a glue an ar mixure n pece f cardbar. emve the sem f e

mushrm. Prp up he cap ih thpcks an set i n he cabard. Cver he capith a glass dish. Let it stand veigh.Millns f spres ll fall and leave hei rints n th icky paper.

GR BREAD MD

Set a pece f fresh bread n sme alumi- num il. Le it stay in the en air r anhur. me mld spres ill fall n it. hen

cver the brea and lk at it every ay.Sn ne r me mlds ill be grngn t.

MAKE M GARDEN

Cve e b f a bg glass jar ih se sand. en pu mss and he sil inw w n . an evea ses e aen. sen e sl.ove e p f e jar wi a pee f ga r . s w eep fm dng.

Ech plt s from litte soeA mushroo is a big . Mods

re f ng us pl nts, too. Thy u u p dead plns n oher wases

9



Monno

p

0

FOW

BE peals are he mos

eauil pars of he ower. Bu hemos usel and neresing prs ehose ha mke seds.

Te colored peals arc ees doher nsects. The nsecs come o sphe swee juice, called ecar. s s he cener of he ower. s nsectscome and go from oer o owe,hey help mak h seeds.

ook inside ulip or poppy owe.n he cener hee are many thn stalksih lile cases a her ips Theecae ho a powe ae poe.

nct taking nctar

T E

n



At th cntr th ptas i a sa grn cas with a stick y tp. ithin th tin y grn cas ar nrip sds. Br t y grw, th sds st tchd

by pon grains ro th sa kindof wr.Tat is whee insects hlp. As h

isect goes afe e swet juic, the powdry polen sticks to its legs ndoy. On oes e be to anotroe. ee som polln frome oom bs o onto thsic, geen see case.

Insec isitors may sop at mor aone kind of ower. So tey often cay

polen fom dieen kinds of owes.Bu on popy poen can ripen hesee in the opy see cse. Onui oen can ien ses in etui see cas.

Som lns he tw ins f w-es. One has poln. Th other hs thesee cse. Nerly ll of ths plntsepen on te wind to carry polen t

e se case. hey o no ha bigt petls. Aftr , thy o ntnee t tract inscts.

Wen poen ces th s case,he seeds begin to ripen. hen t worko eas is on. Th petas ryan o o. B te sees grow biggin ei se case.

Yo hae seen the sma see pos of

ome owers. Bt o you kow watte eed case of the ape we looslike t is h who ae. T seed

po of oa owe is he acone. nu insi i e se.

Insie eey se o ae ee� fomwhi ew ants can grow.

App sds frm in nr f aarg s frui

s f n arn is a sd as nu insid is sd

nu ma in a wanu pd is srdfd is usd sd fr rw



HOW SEEDS TRAVEL

y s cas

Tl s cas

lk s r i arachus

SEED u cattrd If y l

just fll t t grun nr t pant

plant tr wu n r r tt grw

pppy as a s cs that wrsl a salt sar. t a any lttlls unr s cap. A t cas swaysn t wn, ss ar san ut anlown away.

tulp s cas slts o. s pp u

Many al s ar cattr y wn. Grass ss ar s gt tatjust a gntl bz can lft an carry t a lng way

S avir ss ar als spray t in. Milkw an anlinhave iny pach utes of u that keephem n te ar for a while.

Other ail through he ar on wing.Mple elm, an ash tre seed o this.



N ai aay y squils

But many of te heavier seds arecarr around by anials or people.

Some have tiny hooks o burs whihstc to r, feathers and clothig

Nuts are carri away b squirrels chipmnks wo often b ury temnd forget aout the

"PERIMENTS

LLECNG SED

Lk for se s in the summer and

ll. Kep th seed s i mal bgs or c-lohae nveloes. Oeise d mayp op nd you a lose e ses.

For dsla, moun the ses on card-brd. Cove them with ce llpane. T he te dow the cellohane

Many ss e ai o y is

Birds and other eatures tat ea fruits ad berres help n satterg

their ses.The seeds of water plants st be

cattered too. Those of watr lie areb:ilt lke little boats The oat awafro eir arents to nd ew hoes

SPRUTING SEED

Af er he water has ben o k up, tm

e g lass upside down. Seedig stems wil

twis o re ac u p R ts wil e ch don.



HY HE IN BO S

T a clean glass o te cpboadself s it ept? t looks ept Youcannot se anting in it. t it iseall ll-l o ai.

Ai is al aond ou t is essingo o igt ti inte Te easonw ou do not feel tis pesse iat ai is inside ou as well as otsde.Te pessing o te otside balanceste essing fo te inside

t tee ae tes wen o o feete ai Wen ai oes getl againsto o feel a beze Wen it oesoe stongl o eel a wnd

You can pt ai into tings suc asa aloon o a tie You can et it ot.

t o cannot see a beae t isade o tin tiny cololess paticles

Te paticles ae not all alike Teae bits o dieent gases Yo knowte nae of one o tese gaseoxgen We ust beate oxgen to keepalive.

ote gas in te ai is wate in teo o patces too sa to seee ae caed wate ao Hang soe wet oe an te d ewate s to wate apo and eadstog te ai t eaoates

en a oes fo oe ace to

aote tee is a wid low onou and wae o a o on



fn. As th r ovs pst you, youfl sll wnd rz

ou cn lso k ov f you us ht hn s htd, th pcls ov fstr Thy sprd frthr

pt. d ths ks th hnnh hn, wr r cos lghtrhn colr ound t up tgos, otng th c cld r.

Th wr r ov ho stov odto lwy rs. Thn, t cooo, t os down. rtcls rwtogth d th r co c

But how do wnds str utdoors?

t fro h s t thTh s wr so plcs or

ohrs. At ch on a wrmy dy, th sd ts up. Bu thwt stys cool. Th sn cts k to, hng th r ov t Up gos r,

whi

�

cool ar from ovr t

wtr ovs n to take pace. Andths s wt mk wn strt.Th wr r prtcls os sp s

l. Thy drw closr to-ghr, so th bcoms hvr.ow t gos, tkng th plc of r movn owr c.

But t ot nd ts t r gnt rss. Up, own, n u t gos, ovr

nd ov gn. o te wn kpsn lowng

2



EXPERIMENTS

PINWHEEL

U se sq u ar e o f fa irl y st ro ng p ap , 5 in ch - es e a ch s i de. M ark as i n pic t ure Ct alon g

lin es ne ar ly to ce er. W it ho ut c reas i g p ape , tm in to ce e r h

po ints w h ich ha ve do ts. Ru pin hrough cent er.

�

u b

t it. P!cwd a r s

l

lA

o.They a ke

ts hi e a. "

u

t b .

f

y wt

lourn se b up a b

lm

e

t

n k T

s

ck

a

pi • �

..

rlt � .

N IRLANE

1 Gt pc of p -

per out 10 nches y 6nch. Fo t e ngwy dow the midl.2 At o n, tu chcoer outwr. 3 Fogn on ch . 4

Fod onc more on �chi.



SEE R Eke a n, soft pp nkin Cu

sip bou on inc wde nd tee nces long Fng one end Sck pon of pencl oug e oe end ow you hv lle g od ove o oase is ing wm puses up e g nd mkes i ue Se e ag ne te boom o e ose d sops ueing

CoLD IR oE,

Place te lile g on oo n fon o e efgeo doo en you open e doo, old pous ou ee ow eg ues



t

•

r rns r nd rss s s rs s n r s drs rn.

K

NG thogh it ma y seem, the snmakes t rain. Wate must rst go up nto the ar before it can come down.An t is warmth from the sn that

lifts water.Te sun shnes on the oceans, on akes, and n ivers. Wate vapo forms and speads thrugh the air.

Warm air can hol a reat ea of water vapor, bt co ar cannot o so much. When warm, moist air coos, some of ts ater vapo trns to iq.Litte roplets form and make cos.

f e cods are chille, then rain ma y fa fm e.

On a warm da y, air often rises. hie rising it coos. Its water vapor turns intoropets. P y ltte couds form. Mre

and more ar rses an coos. e clos

row. Son the cover the sk.he dops of water n the cods gowbgger, too. When the y ae too big tooat n the air, down comes the an. Theb dros splash aanst the grond.

i s r, ai stops rsng. No more ater vapor comes to the clods, so the stop rown, a soon he stor s over. he sun comes

o aan n bens one more to wam r.



XT

AKE TTLE ATOR

t o wtr in n opn pot. wtr tu o g nd pd troug m ar b o v t po t. Wn t e wrm r r nd coo, coud o.

Ctc coud n cn g jrop o wtr om t coud tt on t

c o d g. T y rn n o c o r nd bgg dop Soon drp down t r e ran.

ULL WATR RO THE R

tn cup w c cub oon outde o t cup w b covrd w dop o war.

t cup. or drop w o. u t cup do not k. wtr ut co rom te r. Wn wtr vpor n t r

cd, urn nto qud war ppn wn watr vpo touc t cod cup



cans o sno can o w

ICE

S coms from col, os air. Tsnowks form wn war aporrns n wou rs urnng nolui. T snowaks r rally llc crysals, ac w sx ss.

T smalls sowas ar ma ofsngl crysals Somms y fallBu f guss of ar ol m up, ygrow ino bgger aks. T ig aksa sx sies oo Ty ook ikany pcs o e.

ir s the sace betwee cysals of ige a Te iaes e g o te se. So sowy qiey.

nk of o is eay keo ee is moe i in i n

we Yo m me ni o e cso o o e e c o wate.

Ic a cors groun or a ponis as ar as a rock I foms wnliui war frzs I also s ma ofcrysls Bu crysals ar so closogr a you can l wr onns an n bgins.

Soims snow mls, n frzsagan as c. s ofen appens osnowy roas. Passing cars prss on snow an is makes i ml If airis col og, we freezes aginwe te c has ssed y s eo ecom ic

Whe yo ae a sowa, eea an pee o o ns msoe o e es e a quicklyfeze o ce, whc s ike ge

Ten e sck ogee admae a m a.



In co weather we sometimes haeseet t is mae of soi icenot uaes. eet forms when rain rops

pass through co air an freeze.

Winter ma bring gaze too. Gazis a i coering that forms on erco objets when rain fas on themaze can be beauti, ut it akessreets ad sidewalks slippery tight aso ma amag trees atephone wires

Sw l huh mni

W A r ca A N OU T DO R W he n t he t hH ER Mo M ET E

uer ie a all ro esky hs is hail ailstoes o highaboe the ear where there are colwids Firt aidrop reeze is

ose b the wids ad ore waer This also Jeezes is way layer upo ae e

is a a e hailstoe a becoea bi an egg iall i earth Large hailstoes a aagecrops rees ad greehouses

Thund f nw kdtth

E E Rf ME

or lowereo met r r ea ds 2 dout doors.' :�er w ill f r ee ze. Look

e g� es how . pa n of W at er o . or l e

a

t

c

c

k

l

y

it f r ee zes. If t h ut � J e, a n d see

s now. e a Jr s c ou dy,

C A he n . . N owFLKEs

h1t 1S o i nc ot

h o r pa p r o n a w g, d

pu a p iec e of blac k t e k

oS

.

. t h ·

n

en o ok l nd is �. g

i

i

n

g g o me of l

u

r

n

. · o

e m. t o d r aw



RABO

NE t end f rin swr, yousties se f you

wy fr it, yu y s butirnbow in te sky.ry rinbow s t s coors

n i: rd, orng, yeo, geen, bue,nd et. es colrs r lwys nsigt. Wen ty r xed, teydo not sw. But wen sunigt goesint rindrops, e coors ar sep-rtd. e coe out one t a time.

n you see he.Clors re md ony wen objects

giv o ig. I te a, tee ae ncolors.

gt is nee si. It traves in wvs

OORS

tt r ike te wves in pond. Buigt waves re ot a e same.

ogest waves re te ones we see ased ligt. e next ongest s aornge. en come yelow, gen,bue, and ioe. n al six is owaves ix, ey ae wite. Otemixtues ake oter coors.

If n object oos red, it is giing owvs f red ig. I ma make tisigt o ect t from omeig ese.

But mos red obects o neiter. Wenwite ig ie on tem, ty s

up a b e e wves. ey reecttee a so ey ook red. Oe co-ors so orm in se tee was.

A anbow. The coor de y unght hnng hrogh rdro re eutiful.



EXERMNT

MAKE A ANBO

u on ren hose. tn ith your to the sn. ol the hoe so tht sn ih oes thouh the sry. Yo ill see

the rinbo olors.old ut-lss rystl in sunliht. heystl ill ork s the rinros o. t ill ort out the olors in sunliht.

MAKE AIBO MIXER

you mix liht rom rino olors, you ill et hie the olor o sunliht.

Ct rr irle e inhes ie.h to holes ne the enter Cot hees o he hoes ith lue or shell. et ths ry.

Cut nother irle the sme size rom hite er. Color this irle lie the one

n the ite Pste it on he ror.

EXPERNT

Pu nh to hole s in it by pu ing a p c int thro uh th e ho les in e ar boa r.

hre a a bo ut fo r feet of sr g to ug eah o th e o h ol es. T ie e e s to ge e s shon.

N o lace th w l i mid adhod the strin by the ed. Tw irl e w eel unti l th e st rin g is tihy ste. N o u ll the strin g. W ach the wh el s pin.

See ht h ppens t o e r nbo c oors as th ey mi x. Th ey tr o gray- alm os t h ite. If the col ors we re pue , they w od tu e white.



Aove the cods and an. as sa as n s si s s ak

AD AOW

THE shns vy ay. Bu says yu cann s t. Thc clus h sun.

f you y abov ths cus n analan, u see th sun v h.Its lgh aes th p f th clusl pearly wht

Fr th grun, yu s nly tbtto of th clus. hat par sgray bcaus sunlgt can nt reach

Sts clus cast shaows nth gun. Anythng hat ps lghfr gng thrug as a sha.

On a sunny day, yu n a sha,r shad, undr a lafy r. lavs an branchs so sunlgh fr

rachng th grunA hus casts a sha. n -

ng, h sun s n h as. s rays falln th ast s f th hus Bu hynnot go thogh o th st sd s

Weoe shadows. We ae gad f shados oftes t ay.



So tug te . Shadow are long at unri, ho at noon, and lon again whn th un st.

in sadow n t aftoon the sun sn t westrn sy ts rays fal on twst sde of t ous ut ty cannotgo roug the ast sd is nsadow

Pope usd to t ti by sadowsTy woud st up a stc and watcts sadow sortn and ngtn and

o T st was caed a sadowcoc o sn da

C

ST

St

a in

a

fs

o theigts U

Hve irf

r

e pHv

mb ovr t

e av it

e

t

shwc

U

g p

k ps

e l.

w k

y Wc

y

u

ca

MAD w

a lam a se a light w.

on e lap, bu darken te rt of eee e am ad wa

s

you c me on

e

a.

eng te. moinghado of a undial tll tim



U

HE sy s gr bg bll rctr, snd, nd sl c s hrc Grn plns rw n h lAnd nmls crawl ng th plns creturs wl bu n ws sp rn nggs

w cn you s ths wondrful plc Jus loo rund yu t s hrth

Fro the rund, yu cnn s

hw h rth s shpd hn l crss elds, th lnd ss hn you loo h s, h wtrsms You r ln t nly sll pr f th bg rth And sll pr f bg bll los

r s w ll h rs rund th sshr, yu tn

s dsn shp ly h p shws r pr s hddn by h rh'sc rh wr , yu culs h whl shp

Anyhng hs nds B r s nds pl cn r rund h wrld

N n r falls A srng frc pull ry nd rythng dwnwrd h rths centr hs frc.

S gryAnyn w jups us wrgns gry Anyon h lls pulld dwn by grty

hs orc holds don s nd sl ps watr from spllng u t s hu gr, ryhngwuld y wy

Proving the wld und. s a p sals awa e a e t ecs e te ve o the eat

�

-

_

�.

-

.

� = �.:

6



Op1 gav! Wiht avit vhi a o o i spa jst as m is a ii

WH THE T SEEM Tk e tee b s of de ent sizes. W

a tpe me s ue mak o a one- c in o e b un ou ge ove te nes.otie tt te i o te biggest b

e te et On uge b ke t e et ne e og s on ve sigt uvso sigt tt it oesn' t so.

XT

A S AT SA

Mke e pper boat. n ask end to ov t on a gobe. Std on te oppose sd o te gobe ac e sp s owad ou. ou s op

as ou do w a dstan p sas no pot.



Y N I G H T

R R s nee sl. s alasspnng e sk. Ro a od goe ke a op.

e ea ns so sea e eeee n ac spn akes e sameme24 os. I a me e aea a a a ng. Te ea ns soa e ten aa fom .

We o se of e ea s toae e e sme of s . eae a B e oe se s dakTee s n

We ae g en ou se of e

ea s aa m e sn Ten o e a

8

Log ago people ogh somehgppee o e sn a ng. People e ea e sea og e ne e ae Tose o ee l o e sn bede s

B no e ko e sn s alas e k. We see e se as or

pa e ea s oa Ae e e am Sng co g g ea So oe pa s aas coeed a bg sao T sao makes

g e pes aboe so e ao



EXPEET

EE D Het le. se iee te t sti ee te s te mrker mes

smll mrer n te ln ere u lie. t mes rm sie t side. t rs srteret sligt. n rken te rm. n lner in. t' s o ss me

u n t sig. Prten it i te sun. n te sinnin rt. en te mrer iso in t go. in rkness ur m i n nit.



Limeste Gneiss

nstne

Graie late

Schist

OW OCK W MAD

K tat is part f t art's crustas a spcial nam I is calld bdrck

Nar your ous, yu may nd nlyon kin of edrock raps yu illn so brock it a strak f dif-frnt rck running trug i r youmay s to kinds f bdroc sd by

sid Alng a cli or canyon all, yumay s layrs of drnt rck pildn n p of t tr

Stn ar pics f brkn brkh ar crbs f t arth's crutIn mst plcs, all t stns ar df t sam kind f rck hy cmfrom t tp layr f bdrck

It's n o pick u stns nd s ift matc t bdrck In sm kndsf roc, yu n prtty gassy crystas

0

tr kins f rcks a crstsu may nd spckld ck, ad

of dark and ligt cryas is is rbably grait aps ill s gniss (s k "c ) isrck is ls ad f dak a cystals Ts form tick bands

r you a dscor a rock cadscist Tis is a aky rock ad flittl crysals in thin ss S ft crstals ark

A wt, , r, r brck itut crystas ay istn Rck mad f litt sad ris sast

Slat braks int ti s sgra, rd, grn, r purp Atrroc that bras nt n sts i



o T hee t hree piee of rock have imprint of plant. The midde piee also ha e shes of pehso heh.

sale t s fun n te same clrs asslate u t s sfter t may crumlein yu an

Rcs suc as sanstne, lmstne,n sale fen ae races f sange

plants an anmals in tem ese

traces are called fsslsll rcks wit fssls were maefm san, mu, r ter sft, tmaterial Dead lans an anmals erecered tese materials an ecayeslwly ew layers f eart pile ntop f ol nes an presse n ntem Slwly te lwer layer et stne

Meanwhe, water, carrng mner as, dred through the aers Some

X

of the minerals lled little aces lef ty te decae plants an animals In ime, minerals re place every part of teir ies And s tey ecame fssils

Rcs mae crystals ae n fs-sis, tey f rme in a erent wa

Sme are parts f te earts crust tatwere nce ery t n sme placeste t matera ute frm ol-canes as laa n ters, cooeinsie te eart efre t co ge ut

Mst rcks ta yu see were unergrun fr ages ayers f soil ceretem ut rers, an, an wn slwwrke n te layers an wre te

away w rck tat was once uriedis part f te earts uper crus

EN U STONEo a nd a on brak Pu n a papr bag n a ard on or a avy ammr

START A STNE CLLON

ook for on rvr you go rn n n an gg caron or n a oo bo r ck m on a oard a a o gu

4 1



The eh's crust. f u uld dig dp nugh u uld d ls d ls f bdk ude the si.

A D AR ?

D r g p h Prhpsyo r dg Ch u y

g p, for ggg s r worh wd y f yu p

dggg Afr sl y gh dsd r r r y c r

Roc s wys r y wh yo s b rk s ry h bo f rr r

h s y b crd wh d rs r h ls hr cA sh f hrd rc crs

who r c h shl hrh's crus so pcs crsshws Rck scs u f gr frs hs cs, d us os f h cus s hd

The eath's had cst vaes in

thickness and no one ea knows jst wa s ne . s men o down into

d s h rh -cs httr ttr Wy d , i

s h gh l rc r-by tht's ht i isid th rth-

rch dps he s fr s

l wl gs w b sF s s ly r f hwy h rh's cr Fr hs h c s 4,000 s

n h rh's crs hr r ydp rcs s bg ch fh cs w l d hchuns w rs. h rhrbs. f rhu

Vocas sar w rocrps up hrg cracs h crf d rck s opg h rs surfc, w w f

t ns n pg, ay bur uwt a i xpso



d th h crut. Te outside shell of te eart is mostly gante. Next is a sell o eaver, drker roc cae dbasalt. The cor of the earh s probab y meed nc nd ron but o steam shov n dig do wn far enoug to gt !

Ts great block of bedrock remained afte softer bedrockaround t was worn away.

ooK OR T E ART' CRUT

wormn r dggng nr our ouwc t ol grow wormnwll r roc

Wn ou go or wl wc or lc wr rod cu roug oc lo loo long d o cl ll, nd cnon or roc

This cave formed as water sed rough msone anddssove aay some ars of

43



P E B B L E S

E PBL aong a beac coe froclis near e ege o e se. Piecesof roc brea o e cs an fall noe waer. Waes oss em abou.

e eces bea no smaer ansmaller stnes. The stoes bash into

eac oer. An e cas agas ecls. her hap eges are oke

o. e aes c san, a esan bs agas e soes. smaes em smo.

Y a ees seams aa e a es, nnwaer oe aries soes an sa.e soe oce gas eac orie a ss em. e

a em m,

44

t s o ma a colecon of ebbls. n sort wal ong t s-sore, ou a n ozens of rentns. e bg bbes ar er an-so, but saer ones are beter for coecon. oun eac ebbe w aab of gue on a seet o woo.

ow can ee be so a irntns of ebbles aog a seasore ereere ee once as an laers ofroc aning man ns of mner-as. m ose laes o roc came a s o ebes

We a e seasre, wac ow waes ee wasing e ebbles backan . Ts goes on o unes

an usans o eas. Te ebe sme a be worn san



XPINT

u BB FcY

o all o w a dgu a co ca a cov w wa. u ld o ca a 100 ac f you f o a

100 o aoud a a og o a o o a a og odoo, oo.

45



Bach san wes grin ebbles against eac ote, bec san is mae.

N AN O

HEE DO a the sand on a beachcoe fro Te sand gains re itte

pieces of rok. They ae pieces thatwere hp o ager pes.

Desrt sand fors in a dieen way.Very few pans grow in desert. In any paces, bg bare rocks rise abovethe ground. ow and hen, there issoe rain. The water gahes in cacksand hoows of the rocks. ases of theair ix with i. Tis ixture sowy

eats into the rocks nd akes· ecrube.

Bit by bit, the ocks wea away. itte sn fors. Wins ik i up

and h i against he rocks. hips aeknocked o the rocks. These chips aresand grains. They hep ake oresand as winds bow the abot.

othing can grow in ain beach oert sand. he watr runs rightogh it when the is rain. The

Ds sand Air, water, wi-blow san ear away te rocks to ake te sas of te e e



o and . Frm ros ee d le nty of water Goodsoil (ue drawg) stores water for rs. I sad lowerdawg), wate rus dow betwee Irge sad grs adis lost

saces etween -the gans ae too ageto stoe wate Aso e sand does

not conta a ood o ants.

So s deent. t contans mateasthat ants can se or ood. It hodswate ke a songe. Pck a hando so and see how sot t s

So s most a mxte o tny tso ock. Some sad s n t B most othe ock artces ae smaer than sandgans. The saces etween them ae

tn. ter a ran, wate s taed nthe tte saces.

hen seeds fa nto so, the sotand grow. hen the ants de, therdead eaves an stems dro to teo. They rot and make the ateacaed hmus. Hus, whch gves theo a dark coor, s a ood or ants.Ths he ants that de ecome foodfo vng ants, and these n turn dean mae fod for st othe ants.

47



A A A

T R' c ve neven ome as se e an oe ome ofte he a fom b boes o ana ae cae connens

moa owe above he

e of e an n ome aces Teemounan n fo me Beween emae on vae B wne n hecu mae e monan an vae

Te oe a of e ct ae

e w ee wae T waemaes e oceans Te ocean n oehe man one b sea

Te ct a e boo of he sea so I s as uneven as he cut of

e connens Tee ae canons anc une te sea ounns sefom s oo ome e so hh teos stc u

above e wae eos of ee mounan ae an





G o l d e n E X P L O R I N G E A T H B O K S t r av e l a b e yo n t h e b o u n a i e s of t h e

p t e d g e . T e d e a s o n e x c n g e x p t o n s - w e t n t

m o t - t e e t t a n c n t t t

w o d E c o k n t e e e s a a n t u o t o e e

e t w w to b ee c qu e w t t

G o l de n X P O I N G E T H B o k s

F W E S , T E , D G A D E N I N O C E A O R P H Y

R P T I E S A D A P H I B I A N N T U E I K E S

R O C K S A N D M I N E R A L

U R 50 UNITED T

H H U M N B DY

D I N S A U S

S I E N C

O O M

N I S

I E C

B I RDS

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Science - A Golden Exploring Earth Book