Name:

SCIENCE 20FH EXAM REVIEW

DYNAMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS

1) Define the following terms:

a) Ecosystem - s ,r) o v trk tv-)e.. t-c-r- cct-k C.) S c>

t-- Ciao c:)-t ) Q r ct -the- k n c› :7., (1 ‘z) ct-C, s)

b) Community - oroLy of rync,b rt,Th the-- SQ,‘-{)e.,recc Y-) ,

cl..km I re> a. S

c) Niche - o.. Cor,-)t) r-)cct-k(-)k-, ypk--DO v c),---c-3av, I 5 ry-)

rl p(aC--e- ykk e_ .

d) Herbivores - cons pto. r)

e) Carnivores - s o ry-) cct- k_ c cky) , r.„..-1 ts

f) Omnivores - c2o %-)5 L.) iy-) s p s n I rm,•1

g) Decomposers —cor,5 , Ce. r-y---) cti n S. 0r-1 e-c- 4C tr)CA:t-- loc.„ ,

C=C--; p ci-A Cc. in r-r-1 I TA-)

h) Scavengers - , tv-)0_ -c-cc dco, c ck,r) rv-) S

i) Detritivore 7 cons., csne-cs -B'o.--c C2 tY)e., 1.00 dl c-s S e r- de o. Ct CA.fl rY1 ct LS \-e..o.. dt ‘::::)k mct_ Vic c-r cAy- \ I r•r") \

J r) 9

j) Trophic level - ce-dkr--) c-.)n c„ 0k- rvl or- C. J 0.r-i s TN-1 $ 1r-) CA +c, c) c -

k) Pyramid of Numbers - c, c-onccet Thck k- rr-) ■oc:r S (-JP 0 r90 n 's 1'Y-) S ac..cr-c c-A,s 0,6 (f.), c- t re_ SC-cs t-c)v...DC-k_Cc1S tine `r0 OC'o. -Food n

1) Pyramid of Biomass - c. ç& t\--)GL --th u mbej- c ,t( oc S s GA-1 -t-ro pin e,c, 0,SCS

(DY? P(-0 °31-C SSCS t-(:)ko Oe'c Foo

eo m) Biochemical Cycle -

-On C)

n) Population - _vy-(:) p cf (pc- s \an SC= 1--nc- Spe_c--1 \ cA C-e_c "k-o. o.r-e

o) Carrying Capacity - t - -. t 0-c-9c st- F)‘_ 0.. k-t 1--) C spcc._ s c) 0, C-r) C-c. 'b- 3 0 ppO (-A

p) Sustainability e c2.b it. LA t- 5L)ppOr, be- c(b c_o rrt.1

) 0 -t- -t1r) C.)-CiCkl_ ■■:D oe „

q) Bio diversity - e. v r- e_t- (1:s- or c, ac) n ktAlli rmCtr-)

e- s crn

r) Extinction - he. n S pe:-C-1 C3- .5 C) c - r-lo c, 0e, FO 1--) Cl CLY-1 \...).D‘r)C -'-- 0 0 r- .

2) The difference between abiotic and biotic factors. Give examples

kOt 0 t C. -k-CLCt-G S tC) he

- Go L Ckc 1

1—ct C-7-co 1- v--e t ur, ci C>t- C. '"Gt CAMD

t ry--) \ "4, .

3) Give an example of a food chain, labelling producers, primary consumers, etc.

--,eir-o...-> C- r %- c \ e-c--± — Ft - o GI --b Si--) c.

pcc, d¼_A_ c_e-r- Pt- t rv--, ex. Y-- \./\ Sc_cc,n c -,..1 -1-tr- tkoz_C t--1 C-0Y1S ■3 on-Cr- COnSOrne.-r" C GYMS CA r•r1--t y--

p s L.,31--)%c not- r-‘c_ryt S ry)0 r-) S •^C) CA 'CI Ci -"th e- cr.) Prle _

C_Jr)\r‘(-OrlrYle-0-t-

L..0 t- Lir)

4) What is the source of energy for an ecosystem? How does energy enter the ecosystem?

rne-- rQ. cDC LTh c c c 5 er)c_. SL..)r) Scnk

S c„ u r-C CA \C>,..,\ -i p t c&i CkL) in c Ph(D-A-OSLi ntii S

Ck C-1 Ct•S C-V-)cy-nko a e.n ex- Q,..)

5) Give an example of a food web, labelling trophic levels.

A ns LAD Nickr

6) Why are there rarely more than four links in food chain?

SirmCc. Dn1,1 ° 0 cx-)e_r-c3 y-) pck.ss- cA c) r--) n -e m-e—r- e S S 0,r) Gi I C_SS

ay a L c bI C., -t(D c r -- s o p

-Foc) 6 avl a • TY\U s Sn --t-z) S L., St ct. L r cv-) 0 h ca ■-- fc.-,c.Dc\

7) If grass captures 150 000 kJ of energy from the sun. The grass is eaten by a cricket and the cricket is eaten by the frog. How much energy would the frog have? Show your work.

elf-CX5S C r

C_) kL-3- )( 0 I x• 0 •

8) Why are there fewer animals in the tertiary consumer trophic level than the primary consumer trophic level?

c_r-)C C C , \i \ 00o c {-1-9 0-n 5 ry--)3

Int (-,'.-{. -t\n-c.- food c._\(-) , re. o-r t.; s c_c.)5 The, tc.k.1,-- (..1.,0 )-)S c•r) e_r"

9) Draw a diagram and use point form notes to explain the CARBON CYCLE. Include the following terms: atmosphere, decomposers, glucose, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, producer, consumer, tissues, carbon dioxide and oxygen.

ear bon Di o , CO2_

pro a 0 -rck ke• CO2. , 1-42.0

msonig c21-1 cto r ri

atrnaspVIere,

photo sLi n Thcs'is - -odOcTtrS , Cons orr-vc_r_s

sir De-ao t-r) p 5-e. r S tCA produce, ox 1.6 ern 9a5 910005e, CC„ ) CYA ose, Ino.nc1 t'-ca‘e..

ck,t,31-1 cp)Cosc

Celt OcelOr)

Consorocr,5 - eat- t-h- pr-ociOCCr,S - taRe.5 106.°.cac, cx-e-)c-1 5tore5 carb or, in tisscs

cinti te+orri CO2 +o tvve a-k-rnosphrc,

1,3a

5t'-s Dc aa or nar, s (13 e.co re-) p 0 s-e_rs -Ect_ c-.1

o Loas-te,

10) Explain a process that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that is from (a):

a) Natural source.

1-0 Firc s Co 2. -Cr'- bOr

VOt acArlOCS VOt Gar) lc. L.i act b

o ale-3 c0nt-c:1ie-1;_yi cj cur b c ao 0-1 p nc-A, 5

'2-. b) Human activities.

Dcfore..5+-ctl- - c10 ttq-c v-y-koo r-Y4 for p 0D51rytinc

CO 2._ I e, 5 - (--eA

11) How does an increased amount of CO2 increase the earth's temperature? Why is this a problem?

Tc roc CO1 ic -tic.cut' ry-1 os c..r I the, ,,-)orc, ro.di cx -E, on cAusorb5, ncrc_a5 -t-crelperacti3 rC,

OE -the. osphy-c. • -1-1,-)1/4):, Loa.r- ry), y-,9 the Eca-rth‘.3 te-re-) p-cx C.. a Si r-1 Ce- ber -T arla 9)ac_ie_r- 5 to rY1C,tk- L,DInich lCad-S c--)C-tt-e-r- le,Veks

doc_011 ono\

blik- rocre, Foca-bon -11;+rocyn Focirt9 baaterICA (or 1 icpknincj)

N. bon CA 1:1" ( kV) to fe-ry'

b r ttr) cincl V\ticAr-09-en cr. rY1 enon to-

.%( 1■1‘ cazt-- 0 V')

tr 1 Rilin9 baCt-er to,

cker, i tri bae-t-Cr I

C°1-1 Vt. r ÷S rY-1 onial ni I-rod-es

i k-r t-CS baC.* ryt--o nIfYO t3J&Y

630, 5 `A CC t 0 rkto CA+ I-11 OS ? rce

Pe.,-(.4. Perna L n 5 e.-c bj pC>S-C*-

i3Oh ■ Ch rorn Ohlrbloni a rrctCS,M r ; k-c-7 s ; n-t-o tylc._ so i I

ConSOcel tat- p 10t1 r-s aria Con ■(er-t-

12) Draw a diagram and use point form notes to explain the NITROGEN CYCLE. Include the following terms: atmosphere, decomposers, bacteria, nitrates, nitrogen fixation, denitrification, legumes.

ocyn eta ; t(i thc. atrriosphe.re .

os.re) rekolli a I hu itrat'es •d% n i 4-cs

Playik-s n Ctrinlon i ,

(It-rat-ts , r1i tr; Ir-c_S ct Oan -t- prot-eins eon r+ tt r n-Iro prO Jr-ci ri p tc..t

13) Why a wise farmer practices crop rotation and will often plant legumes, in part of his field.

osn tec. Ity)5 %i3kk ack 11 rcAte..G Cr-1cl O rrlr1O rfl

-ti'ne- -(D1' c 7 S-cc b Cr 0 p

14) What causes algal blooms? How is this harmful to the water ecosystem? When the algal blooms "crash," how does this affect the water ecosystem?

pt9at to too ( toe c_cx OS-C. tin er-r, cxr-) 0,10 0 0 nCe csC

r e_ on CA a ri) re-10 rn CA, t r o -Ice_r jC bt

PCC,G10 ci n. (-10,3 c - 0 to 'X. S LA.:he-v-1 -tie-1r_ O o blo c:, iy) cr.ct -enc. 6,1a be e6- . 1V1 C. er_o r-fl 0 orl \Dos(

v3ce s ckei. -f; 5 , 15) Explain the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification.

aio t ion ct_s or c-3 a ri S.y1 s E e-C c).3 C rvi j I (AA-CS -to ys. r) s S kr-1C t k cc Cl_s v--) r*-10 onc pr-c

ry) c,f ccxt I 0 - the.. rn t..) c,/ "to I rl I ri r-C CA-5C_ 5

Eooc c,ha s con s re) er h h er foo d ch n hOS n all k-hC to-X ( thC..,

s r-,5 10 ■,,jer" c_ -food c v-1 has

I ri 1-c, ate) cA_

5

16) Can a population continue to grow at an exponential rate forever? Why or Why not?

poi- lct-tov-) COY-) 1Th L-Dt Ccintin -̀)c- °Jr° -̀' )̀ c̀-n e.-y_ 70n -ex-)t CGkkT C. b ca0Se-_, t hex-> ‘,/ r (i

i Jri r--)GA . "P.-c L-2A--- C.; Cks -EQ0 ts-\. ■_.L.) a CAD imm C, CL. rC- -C-C. pop,-Aokkov-) tc,c_-9;in 5 -to Sk o c.-)

17) Using the population growth equation calculate the rate of growth for the following scenario.

In January 2010, the fox population in a forest ecosystem was 652. During 2010, the following fox data were obtained.

Births = 124 Death = 54

Immigration =23 Emigration = 5

a) Calculate the population growth rate of foxes in January 2011.

P

( D

C)— ( + s)

= B E)

b) Calculate the new fox population.

Po p (-1-

18) Explain the difference between density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors. Explain 2 factors of each.

S - pc-ne:Ic n A -EQ.. 0 -t-C) tcx-t-1 v., ,s I

s vXc-SCZ- c)Pcx pop .1 Cck. C;CC 62.4 5 cs t-.1-Thc- or- 9 cxx--) ts vy-)5 Lym C. pc, po '1 0- \ V1 "E<7 I-

ore-) r s

D t SCC&S C. - C-) v- S. 0-r-) tS rYN C...k0 SC.I.c ( -(7)-CV1 cA-her

GA% s c_. \ sp oc:,. c--\,L.) c.:_\e_ .._„‘ ea( s-A

OCrl S c■ e- C1-1c tlr-)C-Ct OZ.Ef-c rc C

c-vcsn thc,-..k- occ-Or I 0 V) orY-)0.- v cryti rTh

c- - tinc, act-tor) .3 z-:•-q' V.) %A-AY\ c---h 1-N — -thc- p Em p A--

CHEMISTRY IN ACTION

19) Define the following: a) Isotope - ato c)F scA cn LA.) k d Pere in+-

ry)ass ck0c- *C CCr)t r-),) Qcr s of ncotroi--)S ,

b) Cation -- h ot Oct...etc- 0k_ c(t-0 r`r) t 0 S'e S Carl) el e-a-ty-c p-ks) p c t v (2-h c's\r- .

c) Anion - ck..-L- 0 CA. S ron(1)) C3 c>. t v c_V-1 c 6 _

d) Ionic Bond - fl b o d f 0 ci i v -C (On

CO. k ) cx-r c c ti v o r Cc-r-110?-) )

e) Covalent Bond - a r r 1G'‘ r-r--) 5 Sh car-

0 ()C- c) 1"."1 p s of c-kc ,

f) Endothermic - c;O:=)s r-e- c_ r-) s

g) Exothermic -rX rC Lj CS r-1 Lk"1 C)rTh

h) Hydrocarbon - c:71-- c!_) o--i--) c. s 0 1-1 k C cA cl c...\ re, c3

Acids - o S rce, c\- CXd C- (D

p r-Od 1"-c.)OiC-r) tQ r-)S ,

j) Bases - CA sObc-: , h ex) C, d C e, c 0 e,Dc.(t-e r pi-o S a ^KA C.-1 e

k) Chemical Indicators - CA S.-%S.- t c=k-r-1 C- \in k". `71. c CO

CO in t--

C, t D t-) 5 0 r OH - CAP) ctv--) e_

+ I 1-<

Type of Bond: Ion t

Type of Bond: Co v en

Type of Bond: Ionic,

a) Potassium and Fluorine

--b

b) Water

Li Li

H H

c) Sodium and Oxygen

1) pH scale - rsel C._ CA-- (. -tin (-7% ±- re")-Cc.s r C.. S c.0 k <-7 Y-1 C..) k . v) 5 L) s --) s iC- s -th c_ -t- c:, t ( (.9 sc-1

m) Neutralization Reaction - c are- C4 tTh GL c_i cl con c:\ a. 6 s tV-) at- v-) S 4-

De=ob 0 ‘s e

20) Explain the Bohr-Rutherford model of an atom?

Gt+.7c) ry--) c)-PG o t e_ S e>5 c.‘ p L.> t- 0 Yi s

C-Vt cA,v- V-) ct AM v

-bn

c> .15. -TY-) e., trN P k

-c■r) c_. cror Lye s c_c), c t- Li rY-) cp V 1 5

-S

21) Explain the differences between an ionic bond and a covalent bond.

to n C. bc:3,t--) a co, -lc d CA c-Ck e C> t--) CA rl Ck n C.),r110

o (") s C- e kst h cAr- CAtt n C-c C-e Cl ck C

b

Gine:- C.A e. n t de0 C fr) Ck t_,Dhesrl

p c s o f a r.) s , v-r-) S ck_C

22) Identify what type of bond will form (ionic/covalent) and then draw a Lewis dot diagrams to show how bonding occurs between the atoms of:

Ci Ci Y

d) Hydrogen Gas Type of Bond: Co \t al r-

23) Complete the chart

Formula Name Ionic! Covalent

MgS v-icAne_sl o ,r) SL.) ift a c-

S0- Sulfur trioxide Covoler--) +

Ba3N2 130.,- 1 ,..) .-.--) t-Act c- 1 d c, ion

P205

Aluminum Oxide

KNO3 . C20"ta Ss k 0 ry-) \--A% t (--- c3.* --C k 0 n t c,

CA.,_ SO tt Sodium Sulfate I o (---) t c,

N20 Oinitrocje, 1—I.onol-- t dc. Co Y a I en

CaCO3 act I c., i 0 r-r) C c.....-- b c.) i-1 cxt-c., l 0 n i

Diboron Dihydride Coy ck.lery.-E

Siai S i II cc.)r) Tc,tra \-14, dr tcic C_ov ck1r_ryi---

3 P Potassium Phosphide ■ 0 n i c,

t—t ' C. ,--i 0-g A Magnesium Nitrate k-Dnic.

P205 D i. evlosetnc_)r-u_s Pe,otc>x\ d c_, Co y ak e,n+

11 ( Nitrogen Trioxide Co vale

24) Name the 7 diatomic molecules.

Bronni(e

Chtor-irl e_ 0 les,A,A C,,r) c)

0 or- n

25) State the law of conservation of matter. How does this affect how chemical equations are written?

. The. cLuD oc co naeryCL.e%o 0 hr) s t v.Y) ck-k-k-c-r e-v-t-h-ex. Cre-ckt—c_ci nor, de-5 -tr.° d

h e- SI) of

th-e, pro4uS. cher,n‘c,a-1 aC vy) LA. S-k: k c b OcLn cc 4

26) Balance each of the following chemical reactions.

a) N2 3 H2 c NH3

b) c.Q NaC1 + F2 —› a. NaF + C12

c) CH4 + a- 02 -* CO2 + a._ H20

d) FeC13 + 3 KOH -› Fe(OH)3 + 3 KC1

e) N204 -- Q-, 02 + N2

0 BaNO3 + LiSO4 -> BaSO4 + LiNO3

g) C2H6 02 _> 4 co2 LP H20

27) Determine the reaction type of each of the chemical reactions above.

a) SL\n \qCStS

b) auSptckcrrY-i-r-IPT+ c) Co r-r) b L.ust- t on

d) Doobl-e, 015,Fta_cernc_nk-

e) n,C..C_-.cPre") c-pz7 0 r)

0 00 LA-10‘-e, el a_ce,Ynr.,r-A-

g) (1_0 ,n-) to LA. Ctz)

28) Explain the Activity Series of metals.

If-Fc r I Nr) CCQ.C-t 4 Nt SCA- S

rri e,-t-C..‘ I S I t ehc, L_A C v■r\ 0-LS

ttAcl c),S G... 'It r r-eO c v at- 'One,. o

PC the- ti S -t -

29) For each of the following write and balance the chemical reactions.

a) hydrogen + nitrogen monoxide —> water + nitrogen gas

Z7-1 L +2 iN1 2 1--1 2 + Kt 2

b) zinc + lead (II) nitrate —> zinc nitrate + lead

Zr ( k..,()_3.) 2 \10,3) 2

c) silver nitrate + sodium chloride —> silver chloride + sodium nitrate

Pc3 \aCl + KS.)

d) carbon dioxide —> carbon monoxide + oxygen gas

2 a 0 2_ —1> 2 O

30) Complete and balance the following chemical equations, then list what type of reaction it is (ie. synthesis).

a) S c1esLs

b) DD

g D

d) ntincs

e) COri1çotio

Na 02 —> 2 Ntc< 2

2 FeBr3 + 3 Ba(0171)2 —>

t--0 3 *3 Bo

2.. K + HgC12 -21-<C1 -t• H9

Li Al + 3 02 .- 2. A I 2 0 ,3

--) 2 Hg0 —> Z_QJ 02

ZnI2 Br2 Br 2 f) S_D

0 OD

h) 1N1

e-eck.Ct;or)

FeC13 + Na3PO4 Fe- 7O4 1- 3W0,

HgC12 HC1 -->

31) Explain the test and results to determine if the following gases are formed: a) Hydrogen Gas

If a burriln9 spi-rt ts plocc, cc-to cS 0,n e's.plosk soukle_, ..).11 be.. v-Ye...a.,--c1

b) Oxygen Gas

1-F c7L 9(oLOrcj o...)c.>c?Ocn sprtnt-- t s tine- Sp% crt %.

(:)k.,-Dcr-c,c( Info 02 _s

c) Carbon Dioxide

o-cAcked to CO B. c o.S --- - put 5 0 L3-L bL)crThur-)

Sp l .

d) Water Vapour

Tur- r-)s cA-)kort de. y e-Lecr Crz-Dt-r) to to c- to ?ink..

32) List 4 characteristics of: a) Acids

- A re- cf-A S - Sc.) o _ 17-etn S "to pro a u CC.

h o

b) Bases

pp cx- b kCr ; tt \'''N -PGA- S to f0 C nr-) Soo_p3

co nc-e_ntract-to t-1 G-E. OH t°S

33) List 3 examples of acids found in your home.

- k nC,C3Ct_r acc* c,

_ Fr t_-)t t

- SQd 0,

EC‘tr tc ct. Ltd )

(_ CA o b 5o6

cpy e. coc. t .000

rO cc U.L.) cc p A ,o 0- - 0.0

o.0 z _ 0 0 0•0001

2 3

"D

X 100

34) List 3 examples of bases found in your home.

- Li

35) Name three types of chemical indicators. Explain the results in acids and bases. roL S eQ--e

c-t d -

Pne...2.- ric. e VT-th Ctk ct AC- Ur S-5

SCA

Brc) C3-1 Oth Cy-i t k. c

o o s -

-

36) Why would using only red litmus paper be insufficient to determine whether a solution is an acid or not?

Rc ct rvi p 0._ p st-0_,1 CA on ac S Cu") C:( os. LAD 1 thos

-tc ccrc r e. b •-t nctoc cA .

37) Which has more a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, apple juice with a pH of 4 or cranberry juice with a pH of 2? What factor does it have more hydrogen ions? (i.e. How many times more?) Cre-Nn\ ocx-r-LA So

38) For the following neutralization reactions: i) complete and balance ii) name the salt 8)q

a) HC1 KOH z a

b) NH4OH + 112SO4

Salt: sst Pof u CNort cic;

1-12_ 0 (1‘ z 0

m 0 n i urn Salt: Aro

c) NaOH + HNO3 —> H.2- 0 + (..1 ci 1■10_.& 1314i L.- _

Salt: So ci it) rr) N t'tr _

IN MOTION

39) Define the following terms: a) Scalar - cA. clocA t it th p i^no, cfo if ocic on 1

b) Vector _o..L.)an tVIcti- ha, S rY-1Ck 9n i -L-od. cav-) d ck r-c (-tat-I on

c) Position - de3c r bc-- n 0 b^ie s oCcc cct- - In st-c(Ki 4- 1 t-% ltk) cc,(-- e to a. ; v"--) •(z-cxo)

d) Displacement - the c:ho-noc. po k-ton G r

e) Distance rn cAs cc) oF a,.)o nt,- ctl 0 v--)

t LA:, t r n of- th

f) Velocity - e- Cr--) ow-) Os) C., pc)s t1OrTh

g) Speed - rcct-c-- c-1-1 d (s C.4.; VCy---c. C\

h) Constant Velocity - fr)C) s cx nn vc,\ oc_ t-- -Ur\

i) Acceleration - rczt- c_,o ChnnO c;.* \ to a* (Cc SPCec.:1

D Inertia - p c- re-)c-ct+c-v" -tkr)cAt s St S th

C-hal(1 C)C-S I-1 rY1 0

k) Force - 0 po pr" CA. pLA\

40

35

30

E 25 C

20

• 15 O.

10

5

0 4-

1) Momentum — XcLi--)+1 e. L.1 erc Gkr--) c)to c--t •

t+ne_ cy-1 c.) t(.D

m) Impulse - th c\--) t-y-)G

40) The following graph describes the motion of a bike. [+ = North]

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Time (s)

a) What is the bike's position at:

i) t = 15 s d = '(5 m

r-r) ii) t = 30 s d -*2 I

iii) t = 45 s ci 31 r-

e t 5 rel

= 21 n---) {NI]

= 31

b) What is the bike's displacement from t = 5 s to t = 20 s.

LA cl

S. In

I 2 1,-1 Et-11

c) What is the bike's displacement from t = 25 s to t = 45 s.

d z

,37ni rY)

B ry) cn" 15 1,1 LN1] d) What distance did the bike travel from t = 30s to 50 s.

0 rn

Z., CA 7" 2 3 ry.) - 2 ct 3 0 3 S. s

= CY') L\CA= Ad ± Adz 4 ,,C13

rv-t + I zi + 0 3S-;-115- s 37 on — 2- 3 ,-y) 1 r'el

41) The following position -time graph describing the position of a car along a linear (straight) race track from the starting line. [+ = West]

G 7

) 0 6 10 40 60 70

C D

B I

Time (s)

List all the sections where the car is:

a) West of the starting line:

b) East of the starting line:

c) Moving west:

d) Moving east:

e) At rest:

42) The following graph describes the motion of a bike. [+ = North]

40

35

30

E 25

20

15

10

5

0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Time (s)

a) Calculate the velocity of the bike in section A.

L t v-r r" t '11

b) Calculate the velocity of the bike in section C.

= z_c\ 37 trn — 23 cY) + 1 L-4 ro

IL-1 vy) Dr m/s

Eki I

40

20

E

-40

-60

c) Calculate the average velocity of the bike for the entire trip.

3-1 (11 - ry-)

t

1311-n

S-cDs r-q/ Is

-0 r

43) A car's position changes 80 m [East] in 5 seconds. Calculate the average velocity of the car.

Bo rn [-a] ftp 1-07

At 5s

44) A jet plane's position changes from 10 m [South] to a position of 535 m [North] in 12 seconds. What is the velocity of the jet?

c S 3 S YY) [ I 0 rN'1

zt

5 4 S k'd

45 A Q s

45) A bicycle travels at an average velocity of 6 m/s [South] for 3 minutes. What is the displacement of the bicyclist?

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46) A train is travelling at a velocity of 36 m/s [West] and covers a distance of 4800 m [West]. How long did the train take travel this distance?

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47) Examine the following position graph: [+ = North]

Time (h)

600

400

200

0 0

a. -200

-400

-600

List all the sections where the object is:

a) North of the starting point: C D E b) South of the starting point: l—\ , ,

c) Uniform velocity: H

d) Stopped:

e) Accelerating: C

48) Examine the followingivelocity time graph: [+= East]

40

32

24

16

8

0

-8 D

-16 -

-24

-32

-40

A

Time

a) List all the sections where the object is: i) Uniform speed

ii) Stopped

iii) Speeding Up

iv) Slowing Down

c I

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b) Calculate the acceleration of the object in section B.

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c) Calculate the acceleration of the object in section D.

d) Calculate the average acceleration of the object from t = 5 s to t = 25 s.

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49) Renatta Gass is traveling down Lake Avenue with a velocity of +20 m/s. Misfortune occurs and Renatta's engine stops running. Renatta comes to rest 40 seconds later. Calculate Renatta s acceleration (in m/s2).

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50) Claire de Rhoads accelerates her Mazda RX7 from 0 km/h [East] to 60 km/h [East] in 5.0 seconds. Determine the acceleration of the Mazda RX7 (in km/h/s).

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51) Explain Newton's Three Laws of Motion: a) Newton's 1st Law

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b) Newton's 2nd Law

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c) Newton's 3rd Law

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52) When forces are unbalanced, what affect does that have on motion?

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53) What is the force required to give a 2100 kg car an acceleration of 5.5 m/s2?

=

= (2 (oC, k_cj. )(S.S- s 2-)

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54) What is the force needed to accelerate a 0.178 kg hockey puck at 11.2 m/s2? (Note: 1000 g = 1 kg)

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55) What is the acceleration of a 25.0 kg wagon if a force of 84 N is applied?

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56) Explain what happens when a skater pushes forwards on the side of an ice rink.

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57) The velocities and masses of four objects are shown. Which one of the following objects has the greatest momentum.

a) velocity = 2 m/s, mass = 300kg

3 00 c) k_ r•in

b) velocity = 100m/s, mass = 2 kg

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c) velocity = 25 m/s, mass = 56 kg

d) velocity = 59 m/s, mass = 92 kg

2

58) Calculate the impulse of a 67.0 kg pushed by a 75 N force north acting for 2.0 s.

59) Calculate the impulse of gravity pulling down on a 15 kg rock during the 7.0 s it takes to fall

from a cliff to the ground below. Cot. O r-f c )

FT.tar (Y1 = 15 t_c.). q s

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60) Why is "following through" an important technique to teach volleyball players?

N.‘

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61) List four ways to make vehicles safer for passengers. Explain how one of these makes vehicles safer for passengers.

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