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14.01.18 Anale Fisteln – schwierige Fälle Cas complexes de fistules péri- anales Dr. med. Daniel Steinemann FMH Chirurgie, EBSQ Koloproktologie Leiter Beckenbodenzentrum St. Claraspital, Basel

schwierige Fälle Cas complexes de fistules péri- anales ...Van der Hagen and co-workers described the outcome ofTAFR after preoper- ative seton drainage in 23 patients with afistula

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Page 1: schwierige Fälle Cas complexes de fistules péri- anales ...Van der Hagen and co-workers described the outcome ofTAFR after preoper- ative seton drainage in 23 patients with afistula

14.01.18

Anale Fisteln – schwierige Fälle Cas complexes de fistules péri-anales

Dr. med. Daniel Steinemann FMH Chirurgie, EBSQ Koloproktologie Leiter Beckenbodenzentrum St. Claraspital, Basel

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Fall1-Anamnese

24.02.201753-jährigePa:en:nseitmehrerenWochenintermi?erendeVerhärtung/Schwellungperianal.StörendbeimFahrradfahrenundlangemSitzen.KeinAusfluss,keineBlutungen.-  ChronischeObs:pa:on-  Kolonoskopie07/2016:unauffällig

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Fall1-Untersuchung

Inspek6on:perianalhufeisenförmigeIndura:on,keineDruckdolenz,keineRötung,keineFistelöffnung.Anoskopie:reizloseSchleimhaut,keineFistelöffnungEndosonographie:Rechtsperianalhypoechogene,länglicheRaumforderung,ca.3cmlang,bis1.8mmDurchmesser.

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1.   An6bio6katherapie2.   Verlaufskontrollein3Monaten3.   MRIBecken4.   ChirurgischeExplora6on

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Fall1–MRI28.02.2017

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Goodsall’srule

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1.   An6bio6katherapie2.   Verlaufskontrollein3Monaten3.   ChirurgischeExplora6on,Abszesseröffnung,

Seton-Einlage4.   ChirurgischeExplora6on,primärer

Fistelverschluss

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Fall1–Verlauf15.03.2017CiproxinundMetronidazolfür14Tage.DarunterleichteBeschwerdebesserung.Endosonographie:PerianalrechtsFistel,keinAbszess,imVergleichzurVoruntersuchungentzündlicheInfiltra:onetwaskleiner.EndosonographischfraglichVerbindungzumAnalkanalzwischen6Uhrund7Uhr(gegenSSL).

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Fall1–Verlauf

22.03.2017ChirurgischeSprechstunde:SchmerzhageIndura:onbei10UhrSSL.DiedigitalrektaleUntersuchungistschmerzfrei,keineäussereÖffnung.Anoskopie:ResiduumeinerAnalfissurbei6UhrSSL,dortmöglicherweiseinnereFistelöffnung.

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Proktodealdrüsen

10

Mensch:RudimentäreAnlageMedian6(3-10)Drüsen80%submucös16%Internus2%intersphinctär1%ExternusMänner>FrauenPosterior>Anterior

Seow-ChoenF,DisColonRectum1994

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1.   NochmalsAn6bio6ka2.   ChirurgischeExplora6on,Abszesseröffnung

durchAnalkanal3.   ChirurgischeExplora6on,Abszesseröffnungvon

perianal,Seton-Einlage4.   ChirurgischeExplora6on,primärer

Fistelverschluss5.   PrimäreFistelspaltung(layopen)

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Fall1–OP28.03.2017

Abszessabdeckelung9UhrSSLSeton-Einlage(Mersilene)beitransphinctärerFistelmitinnererÖffnungbei6UhrSSL

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Seton?

13

differ between the patients with and without preoperativeseton drainage (Table 1). No differences in healing rateswere found between the series from Leiden and Rotterdam(Table 2).

Discussion

Perianal fistulas passing through the upper or middle thirdof the external anal sphincter present a challenge to manysurgeons. Despite new treatment modalities such as closureof the fistulous tract with fibrin glue or a bioprosthetic plug,transanal advancement flap repair still provides a usefultool in the treatment of these fistulas. It enables healing ofthe fistula without damage of the external sphincter andconsequent fecal incontinence. Initially, the reported heal-ing rates varied between 84% and 100% [12–15]. However,during the last decade, it has become clear that TAFR failsin one out of three patients [1–7]. Until now, no definiterisk factor for failure has been identified. Recently, weexamined the outcome of repeat flap repair in 26 patients,who encountered a failure after the initial procedure [8]. Inall these patients, we noticed complete healing of theadvancement flap, except at the site of the original internalopening. This remarkable clinical finding and the lack ofpredictive factors for failure suggest that persistence of thefistula might be due to ongoing disease within theremaining fistulous tract. Obliteration of this tract with asurgical adhesives such as fibrin glue and Bio Glue® as anadjunct to flap repair [7, 16–18] has not only failed toimprove the healing rate, but even had a detrimental effecton the outcome. Some authors advocate preoperative setondrainage, since it allows drainage of the fistulous tract,thereby reducing the inflammatory activity within the tractand resolving secondary tracts [5, 9, 10]. In a retrospective

study, Sonoda and co-workers were the first to observe abeneficial effect [3]. In a relatively large series of 105patients, 56 patients underwent preoperative seton drainage.Comparing patients with and without preoperative setondrainage, they found a healing rate of 73.2% and 51.2%,respectively. This difference was statistically significant.However, their study included a large number of patientssuffering from a rectovaginal fistula and patients with afistula due to Crohn's disease. Only 44 patients presentedwith a fistula of cryptoglandular origin. Unfortunately, theauthors omitted to provide data regarding preoperativeseton drainage in this group of patients. Van der Hagen andco-workers described the outcome of TAFR after preoper-ative seton drainage in 23 patients with a fistula ofcryptoglandular origin [5]. Five of these patients also hada diverting stoma. Although the healing rate was quite high(78%), no comparison was made with patients undergoingTAFR alone. Two other studies, conducted by Zimmermanet al. and by Van Koperen and co-workers indicate thatpreoperative seton drainage does not affect the outcome ofTAFR [6, 11].

The present series comprised 278 patients. Sixty-eight ofour patients underwent seton drainage prior to TAFR. Sincewe were not able to show any beneficial effect ofpreoperative seton drainage in this relatively large series,it seems unlikely that this type of preoperative treatmentprovides a useful tool to enhance the outcome of TAFR.However, a drawback of the present study is its retrospec-tive design. We have considered the possibility that thecomplexity of the fistula might have been a reason to allowpreoperative seton drainage. Reviewing the clinical charts,we found no specific reasons for seton placement. Bothcenters are tertiary referral centers, and the major part of thepatients was referred from smaller hospitals. A part of thesepatients were admitted to one of both centers with a seton insitu. Many surgeons are not confident with treating hightranssphincteric fistulas, and the policy of some of thesereferring surgeons is to place a seton to bide the time untildefinite treatment. Moreover, we analyzed the fistulacharacteristics. We found no differences in the baselinefistula and patients characteristics between patients withand without preoperative seton drainage. Patients admitted,to any of the centers, with a seton did not have a morecomplex fistulae. Moreover, clinical chart review revealed

Table 1 Comparison of baseline patients and fistula characteristicsbetween patients with and without preoperative seton drainage

Seton No seton

Internal opening Posterior 63% 70%

Anterior 29% 26%

Lateral 7% 4%

Horseshoe extension Yes 50% 47%

No 50% 53%

Prior attempts at repair Yes 59% 56%

No 41% 44%

Gender Ratio (M/F) 2:1 2:1

Age (range) 43 (21–69) 46 (19–73)

Body mass index 24 25

Smoking Yes 56% 52%

No 44% 48%

Table 2 Healing rates in patients with and without preoperative setondrainage

Leiden Rotterdam Both centers

Seton drainage 64% 69% 67%

No seton drainage 68% 62% 63%

Overall 66% 63% 64%

Int J Colorectal Dis (2010) 25:1499–1502 1501

MitalasLE,IntJColorectalDis2010

TranssphinctäreFisteln,nichtrandomisiert,N=278VerschlussmioelsMucosaflap/Fistulektomie

KeineVerbesserungderHeilungsratedurchpraeopera6veSeton-Drainage

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1.   SetonbeiRückgangderSekre6onenYernen,SpontanheilungderFistelabwarten

2.   Setonbelassenundopera6venFistelverschlussplanen

3.   Setonregelmässignachspannen(cuZngSeton)

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Cu?ngSeton

15

Omeretal.S3LeitlinienkryptoglanduläreAnalfistelnRitchieetal.2009Vialetal.2010

HoheHeilungsraten über90%Inkon6nenzraten 12-25%S3Richtlinien:inakzeptabelhoheInkon6nenzrate

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Fall1–Verlauf

11.05.2017ReizloseäussereFistelöffnungmiteinliegendemFadenseton.DRUunauffällig,ohneIndura:onen.WenigSekre:on.TranssphinktäreAnalfistelbei6UhrSSL

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1.   Plas6scherVerschlussmitMucosaflapoderInternusflap

2.   AnalFistulaPlug3.   FistelspaltungundLayopen4.   FistelspaltungundprimäreRekonstruk6on5.   LigaturdesintersphinctärenFisteltraktes

(LIFT)

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Fall1–OP04.07.2017

04.07.2017FistelverschlussmieelsLigaturdesintersphinktärenFisteltraktes(LIFT)

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Fall1–Kontrolle

27.09.2017

PerianalunauffälligeNarbe.DRUunauffälligmitkrägigemSphinkertonus.Anoskopie:vernarbteinnereFistelöffnung.Endosonographie:keineHinweiseaufRestkollek:onoderpersis:erendeFistel.

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Fall1_Evidenz

S3RichtlinieKryptoglanduläreAnalfisteln,Coloproctology2017

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21

Analfistel

EAS

Distal

Fistulotomie

Proximal

Seton

Sphincter-schonendeOpera:on

Plas:scherVerschluss AFPLIFT OTSC?VAAFT

Mind.6Wochen

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Fall2–Anamnese11.11.1661-jährigerPa:entProgredienteSchmerzenamSteissbeinesseiteinemJahr.3xtäglichIrfen.KeinBlutabgangabano,keineSekre:onvonPus.PerianalsowieimBereichderRimaanieinunauffälligerBefundohneIndura:onenDRU:harteResistenzaufHöhederLineadentatabei6UhrSSL.Anoskopie:kreisförmigeNarbemiteinerÖffnungohneEntleerungvonFlüssigkeit.Leichtblutend.Kolonoskopie:unauffällig,innereFistelöffnungbei6UhrSSL

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Fall2-MRI28.10.2016

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Fall2-MRI28.10.2016

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Fall2-MRI

MRIBecken:SinustraktvomAnalkanalausgehendbiszuzurSpitzedesOscoccygeumsmitentzündlichenVeränderungenentlangdesTraktesundderSpitzedesOscoccygis.BlindendenderSinusausgehendvonLineadentatabei6UhrSSLRichtungOscoccygeum

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1.   An6bio6katherapie2.   Biopsieentnahme3.   DrainagenachperianalundSeton-Einlage4.   ErweiterungderinnerenFistelöffnungund

Drainagenachendoanal5.   PrimäreFistelspaltungundRekonstruk6on

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Fall2–OP

6.12.16Rektoskopie,endoanaleSonographie,Drainagenachperianal,Seton-EinlageundFisteldébridementundDrainage(EasyFlow)

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MRI20.1.17

TranssphinktäreT-förmigeAnalfistel(Parks-RoschkeIIB)mitprae-coccygealemAbszessundV.a.Osteomyeli:s

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1.   An6bio6katherapieundAbwarten2.   Debridement,Knochenbiopsien3.   Fistelverschluss4.   Drainageverbessern

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Fall2-OP

2.2.17IntersphinktäreFistelligatur(LIFT),par6elleFistulektomieAbszessdrainageprae-coccygeal,Knochenbiopsie

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Fall2-Osteomyeli:sMikrobiologieKulturaerob:S.lugdunensis,E.colianaerob:B.fragilisHistologieHautexzisatinnereFistelöffnung:keineepitheloidzelligenundeineriesenzelligenGranulome,keinemalignenVeränderungenBiopsieOscoccygis:ZeichenderchronischenOsteomyeli:s;keineGranulome

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Fall2-Osteomyeli:s 08.02.14 14.2.17 CRP 7 5 Leukocyten 5.3 5.6

VorschlagInfek6ologieAugmen:n3x2.2giv/dweitersolangewieKnochennochfreiliegendist.SobaldKnochen

• Avalox1x400mgpo/Tag• Dalacin3x600mgpo/Tag(i.e.Dalacin300mgKps.2-2-2)

Therapiedauer3Monate

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Fall2-Verlauf

4.4.17KeineSchmerzenmehr,auchseikeineWundsekre:on.DerStuhlgangistregelmässigundunproblema:sch.DieKon:nenzistgutunderhalten.àniveaugranuliertenochkleinfingerkuppengrosseWundeimBereichdesehemaligenAbszesses.DRU:unauffälligerBefundAnoskopie:reizloseNarbe.

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Fall2-Verlauf10.05.2017NachSis:erenderAn:biosewiederdiegleichenSchmerzenimSitzenimBereichdesSteissbeines.CRPvon2mg/l,normwer:genLeukozytenPerianalunauffälligerBefundmitreizlosverheilteräussererNarbeDRU:unauffällig,Vernarbungszonebei6UhrSSLAnoskopie:Vernarbungdorsal,jedochkeinAnhaltspunktfüreineinnereFistelöffnung.Endosonographie:unauffälligeVerhältnisse,keineFlüssigkeitskollek:on,keinHinweisaufeinFistelrezidiv.

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Fall2-MRI

DeutlicheRegredienzderOsteomyeli6s,deutlicheRegredienzdesT-förmigenFistelsystems,NachkraniallässtsichjedocheinT-förmiges,schmallumigesReswistel-SystemnachweisenimSinneeinernochnichtvollständigobliteriertenFistel.

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1.   NochmalsAn6bio6ka2.   UntersuchunginNarkose3.   NochmaligeperianaleDrainage4.   Abwarten

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Fall2-OP

30.05.17FistulektomieSeton-EinlageKnochenbiopsienoscoccygeum

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September17VermehrtFlüssigkeitinnerhalbdesT-förmigenFistelsystemsmitvermehrterKontrastmioelaufnahmeimSinneeinervermehrtenentzündlichenAk:vität.DiepostentzündlichenVeränderungenanderäusserstenSpitzedesOscoccygeumsindwenigerdeutlichausgeprägt.

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Fall2-Verlauf21.09.1730.05.2017SetondrainageSchmerzenbeimSitzenimBereichderäusserenFistelöffnungmitEntleerungvonwenigleichtputriderFlüssigkeit.DerStuhlgangunddieKon:nenzbereitenkeineProbleme.DerbeNarbeumdieäussereFistelöffnungetwasdruckdolentmiteinliegendemFadenseton.KeineDruckdolenzüberdemOscoccygeum.

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1.   Plas6scherFistelverschlussmieelsFlap2.   LIFT3.   AFP4.   Setonbelassen

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Fall2-OP

18.10.17FisteldébridementundVerschlussmitAnalFistulaPlug(CookBioA)

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Fall2-Verlauf8.12.17/10.1.18ReizloseNarbenverhältnisseLeichteSchmerzenbeimSitzenpersis:erend.WeitereKontrollegeplant.

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Fall324-jährigerPa:ent1.  St.n.rezidivierendenAnalabszessenseit2007

St.n.Analfistelspaltung2/2011St.n.Analabszessen2011,1/2012und6/2012St.n.Seton-EinlagebeitranssphinctärerAnalfistelam13.10.2013

2.  PsoriasisinversaTherapiemitHumira

Ileokolonoskopieunauffällig.

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Fall3

24.11.142.Fistelöffnungperianalrechtswahrscheinlichblindendend.

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Fall4

29.03.2016VorstellungmiterneutemgrossemAbszessmitSchwellungbisindenOberschenkelrechts

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Fall4

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1.   AbszessabdeckelungperianalundGegeninzisionamOberschenkel,Seton-EinlageundDrainage

2.   Abszessabdeckelungnurperianal3.   AbszessabdeckelungnuramOberschenkel4.   AbszessdrainageinsRektum

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Fall3-OP

SupralevatorischeperianaleFistelbei6UhrSSL•  mitpararektalemAbszessbei6-9UhrSSL•  FistulierungzumOberschenkelrechtssei:gEinlageSetoninFistelbei6UhrSSL,AbdeckelungAbszesspararektalundGegeninzisionamOberschenkel,EinlageDrainageinFistelzumOberschenkel

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Fall4

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1.   VerschlussderAnalfistelmieelsPlug,SpaltenderOberschenkelfistel

2.   VerschlussderAnalfistelmieelsPlugundDrainagederOberschenkelfistel

3.   VerschlussderAnalfistelmieelsFlapundDrainagederOberschenkelfistel

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Fall4-OP

28.06.2016DrainagederFistelamOberschenkelmitSetonundVerschlussderanalenFistelmitAnalFistulaPlug

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Fall3-OP

16.09.2016Rezidiv-FistelmitRezidivAbszessperianalundentlangderOberschenkel-FistelErneuteDrainageundSeton-EinlagePerianal,par6elleFistulotomieimOberschenkelundgetrennterSeton.

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Fall3-OP

23.11.2016SpaltungdesdistalenTeilderFistelundAnlageeinesVAC-Verbandes

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Fall3-OP23.11.2016SpaltungdesdistalenTeilderFistelundAnlageeinesVAC-Verbandes27.02.2017FistelverschlussmitVerschiebelappen03.03.2017ErneuteDrainagebeiRezidiv18.04.2017FistelverschlussmieelsdirekterNaht,DrainagemitEasy-Flow

Page 55: schwierige Fälle Cas complexes de fistules péri- anales ...Van der Hagen and co-workers described the outcome ofTAFR after preoper- ative seton drainage in 23 patients with afistula

Fall3

Page 56: schwierige Fälle Cas complexes de fistules péri- anales ...Van der Hagen and co-workers described the outcome ofTAFR after preoper- ative seton drainage in 23 patients with afistula

1.   Nochmalsplas6scherFistelverschluss2.   Humiraabsetzen?3.   Fistulotomieundprimäre

Sphinkterrekonstruk6on

Page 57: schwierige Fälle Cas complexes de fistules péri- anales ...Van der Hagen and co-workers described the outcome ofTAFR after preoper- ative seton drainage in 23 patients with afistula

Fall3-OP

18.04.2017FistelverschlussmieelsdirekterNaht,DrainagemitEasy-Flow14.11.2017ErneutesRezidiv,erneuterFistelverschlussmieelsdirekterNaht

Page 58: schwierige Fälle Cas complexes de fistules péri- anales ...Van der Hagen and co-workers described the outcome ofTAFR after preoper- ative seton drainage in 23 patients with afistula

Fall3-Evidenz

S3RichtlinieKryptoglanduläreAnalfisteln,Coloproctology2017