Schools—Cherokee NationOoppoqk, Benjamin SeebohnBrewer, Oliver Perry HasardWyly, Albert SidneyParks, S. F.Wilson, A. FlorenceBenedict, John .LanguageV-Qherokee "' -

Bushyhead,'Dennis W.

HISTORICAL STA^I.iEJJT

. . .q

Mrs, R. L. Plte ' . -m Cherokee National lemale )

, ' . • (Seminary) . ' • ' . . . , ' * ' .x ' " 1905 . . •

x - ' -,.'Tradition has f,lven the theory that t^e "herokeos were a l -

ways a powerful peoplo and that Ion.-; before kfr coming of the'white man amonc thorn*,, the Indians had their si pa languages bywhich one tribe.-wa-s able to send messa ;es to other distantfc».ibos*. They also 'Had their secret societies and even at thisearly.period wa. are told that they had a, sys-tem of freemasonry . T

ihr.t bound them'together into a "mys.ticbrotherhoo^jf* In factall tradition-points to the, .belief thst, these f irs turner leansj&oro descended from some .powerful liastein tribe.. History t e l l sus that when the early' set t lers 'colonizotf Virginia, •'.Jeo'rgia, and

jlort^- '._arclina, they found, the country 'itftiabttcd by ihe C^erokeer.-:-/.. "'p* clothed in'frrc 'and skins, they '.vxerc frVcnr-ly ^-o'.thesen-vin ;e" s and when hn ft land sent over- an en.^'^r;7 in the person

1 z"- AT Alexander Curapiings,' f--ey v/e^e ready to enter -*nto aj-f c y of peace andallianco. ' * • .

It ,has been clBimed by 'histcr'ans tv-<\ intermarried Scotch-•-cn xi&re instrumental In planting the f i rs t seeds of cjvilizo-**:!• n in their n?idst« l e this as i t may, they ust have hod awe !'~e-".Viil influence,-for in 1785, at the close pf^he Kevolu-l.'. ary -&r, fie. treaty of -:c\>ewell shows conjj^c3erabl':' advanceir. civilization and since then their progress-has been continu~ous« The Moravians nac!e an atte pt .t:; teSch and preach theocr, cl as early as 1757, and in 1810 they established -the. f i r s t

x: "iss'.on school in t;>e "Old Nation", Tjhich. is now Spring i'lace,r>orrin. Subsequently mor» ter»ch"ers were placed at other

stvl"rns# Other denominations soon sent out nissio aries to\;ork anion them and great reverence and much gratitude, is duethose early- self-sacrificing missionaries* , Tho^r l ife v;orkLas extended through the-entire history *bf the Cherokee people*loir influence has beon wide and permanent-. ' They placed

V:oir lives, without price, on the altar of an oppressedpeople and. v/ere ready;to befriend then in every new treaty andundertaking* • •

i-y tli5s time the Cherokees began to see the necessity of set-i'inj apart a permanent school func,' so, in the treaty of 1819•;*.t' t' e Lnited States, they se*t apart a valuable tract in acession of their lands, the proceeds of the sales of which v/ereto bo invested and the interest to be used for the education ofC'-orokee children* More-was added to this fund by the sub-sequent treaties of 1835 and 3B66* This action on the partof our forefathers shows, that, the education of. their children1 sc ilfren-was a'paramount, issue* I t shows that ' they were a l -rcv.dylnen of thought and action, 'capable of making wise^and.'icioi'^s laws and since they had been induced to e de moreand tfore of their land and forced to more farther and farther_,_"on, t;iey in a l l probability'viewed with a prophetic eye £he /

future when their children would be forced to compete with the

i . x ' : , ' , - • . • • • " ^

. %

'of the ntates TOT* an oduc t on* * • 120-I . 182%, .l>oqnoyah? o -hcrokee, invented on nlphoboi of the•okee lsnnunre.' I t ' c o n s i s t s of eir.htiy-Rix "characters end'

-,; ! In t :*e,invenbi':n'lc-ci",;»le in structure *t rfm. t l ie .w^rk of:, tonlus .and required twelve years of thought a.id etidy* I tliac boon, the noans. by y}ilch ocv ooople could be t te r be taughtf c nullah lencuaro. one!' enable tier, to connunioatio v/it*1 one. ;K I 'o r , and tip acquire general 'nfon-istlon nun vncwlodco* •

>ey avc the - ih le* ::an.v G«crou sonr;c, anC re l ig ious t r ac t sM•:-, olalcd. by th i s i.ethct". anc ono-'ialf of' their atl-r>dl or^on,: c" hc>vo!:ee A'^vocato, a weekly pa-cr r.r-, 1'nhx nt M' l-qi;jf-5

he T hated in f ' l s lanv;anrc$ boX^r- t o Oiily tnsfcr-/«> c * t-o ^"rlchhlci'.-r.v o" i ".e free d is t : I tv t 'on of a noivs^noe:?- by ^ ovoi-inr•:<L *.i n O'tiaens* In foct , vH-'en T'eqroyK^, \; o^: "r4, l^sh sir;, c;;.rG cci -e 'I'-ucss, inventor i..G..-reans L;; v;!.!ch his ' uc-ople/ could"•;,. _h en -5af)er llkft v/i i t c r.an" he .noclc anar^c 'or • <5J.:S<~li' that.•.hi le ".onccS r\cvm t'c *;:, 0 5 t" core*

"- Ofrr ' '• :7^n fc lonely £ ^ *;c i-11'coke V-ei': ;".; : - ; , : v j , *

."cl; 0"-\ •-•• otcne tc\rv h.!- i e .il;,•••,«,

• •:• rcr''.'..l fine ar-J.elnr und©|- V).Q treaty* or 1 V. yea s r in l l-. :a, -spondee! under t*-c d i r e c t «on o r ' • o h , s c".e.it»

rr. follov;'(] t ' o Vrodtjr of 13S5« T nde: 11-s ^^V'S^ons•' •> " o-okoee l o " t . t i c i J ? Loaut?ful her oc In c c l - o of

"0" \n9, "or»th ^arolinfi^ ' . annesaee , end .'Onbs::a t o fc<soin li f"o.jf. In t l i l a , i:~e then iv'-lae^ness, v;OGt of *..\c ' c o l e s ' . ^ ^ i »

! - i f •" ,csn be t te r ' uepici, *thG' sad d'.sap «; ' n t ;cr.tr. ;*,ic! thei. .• ir p- 'conntcrc ' b,7 t}4s nlreijdy ^ov.erful i::i^8« i.;ti-ine"• . : l->"7e-t-kin,\ of t: cce :.ovcnl '~n !:<-o p;>n-* so;. I s fror.. .*,:• : e . v mountain ho;;*,-, fo r i - ' l c v : . l l s j 3 , ./a" bcaa t l f f t l

: ' l ; c ' s* -a country" so V id l a t r p t c d *:c t;" o l r ci;3to:.:s a;ic h a b i t sj-r." .' lar.'T racle sacred b y ' t h e fT^X'os of t h e i r a n c e s t o r s .

• ::_l"o t h e i r oriv&tio a, th.eir s i ckuosoos , th. I r lo&c of l'ife<••/; any o:\ t h e i r loved ones w re I s f t by the T/ays'Iue* -Ir:ia:;Ine

I c !r-.Hrr-iv*Sl in thl's v/'le country and their endoavor1 to s ta r t ,SK-S" "-o es .under everv advorde circumstance and yo havo the." ccc>ep3 condition in 1BS8» i-ut born of a ^root c?eterm.*.!)>-»ti.nto succeed they did not hesitato nor f i l t e r , but ?.• n" itnrnedlatelyio#",'-wk ectablisJiinc now hor.es*

"hoy -»et on July 12, 1039, n- ar "onleqnnh and adopted their-' t• .o Constitution, slightly*srended, enacted more laws andni>:;;r: "aMoqush their capital with John'"*6ss, Pr'aeloal -h.icf.'s "i-.vt *<->\ creating public schools bears tlio ^ote, . cccr.bbs*

1G, IGiJ* "here VJore eleven schools ostoblishcd throughoutr;tfon« An net by the riati' nal Council for the establish*

c »l •>" the two ^euiinaries was approved Hovenber 20, 1646* fMheol 'veis for providing these schools were "to enrry out to a" ; '. : r- dogrne of maturity the nati.-nol school system of educa*'•'..-.I already'cot!-enced, and in which a l l those branches of loarn-lie ahull be tacght v/hieh uiay be required to carry the mental

CrthHOKLK

•uKure of tho youth of our country to tho highest proct ica l•vint.11 On November 18, 1947, t* ©y enlarcod this?act andnroscrViJOd the..who 1© plan by which the schools sho. Id bo cond~rciod and placed them under tho control of -a i'oa^d-of Mrectorsv, o V/P h to, serve without-compensation* \ . . .

Le comer atone of the old, Park ;111 >'cr-unary WHS laidj-.nc.21, 1847, by John Koso,.the venerable Cherokee i>/icf, whooervtuJ h 's people in that; capacity for forty years. M l th i st-'TC*t-!-e oherokees were, fast becoming enlightened,. -All "had•rc.f ' \ic beautiful hores and many had amassed considerable

Zenith, in addition to beinn larf© sieve holders. Toy had:'( • n to t"nde in stoc'.: ::rx! onerol Merchandise. Vhey were *"SL'V** '"•C. their sons one5-da-ghtors to the Koct i'o !•> teduc ted:•• £• .o h"«"« carried away honors fro.-? some of t \ e best schools

- c plarji oY t'-\o Senirt'lliMer/wBs the sane and the'** were onened.••'••. ; : isc | r i to students on Hay .7, 1050. '>!s dnte woe always

olecrved osja r ed - l e t t e r doy in . the history b f t ' o < Id "r>rk i i l•<.• '::r un t i l i t s dest- ucMon nr\(' ia. s4fiHi obaorved ac" o day

0 cnor°l picnic. i.very wor"an in the notion today tf o ' is sofo"''''-ii iiQ az to c a l l t i s school her i-.lra i.iuter vr] 11 bear t- s t i -- ..,; t." tho fact that tlvia uos the •-a palest one7 br -;! toct • • : ; in

"!.o '"irrt tech© s wo- I.,lss -lion > hitino -c o?' ; asi;echuccot»-c,-•'-/,•'' -"', "ir' " -cz 1'arn'. cr?'-r*rer. . ot-h v?erc 'T'^'ivates of II1r., Iv.'...'o, one Qjl -trze~&4< e t . nu best laiovm scHoolo In th-.. co> n t ry .

. ..:; .'.itr.-oro afterwsros ir>r<i,cl and v;ent as a r.iisc;lona>y t . the;;'u'ch Islun^s* i.isa worcc^er married > » Itchoock. ^iso

X ;.-,o 'osa , a Cherokee te cLor ednc ' ed in the,Kact, w s soon ••QC'CC ac aBs'stnMt. Lies :.oos is retr.enberod a-id ospec lolly loved .r • -J'.1 old Je- inar:: g i r l s os J sweet ©ntle wouan* er career as; •'•coc or was qlosoly idcp.t f:lvd vr th tl:c school. Ohe labored

G nt dif"-rent perioOs fr m f i r c t to Ins t , bol'ig a ncr.ber of1 "uc Ity v;'ton Park -111 • e-inary brrned. r'!"oso w'o succeeded

• \«er • 1\1QO Avory and r.iss Jo .nson, bot1; of Lt« * olyok© vierrsinarynlr- j, r. -ci ':iss avnond o." Ton-cot cut . All of those early teachersr;c e nded .'or t^:eir purity of character ^nd devotion to duty.nJcr t ".s. influence the. -or*; nary prospered for s^^e-al y. ars ond

;; n wo en fro*" ©very nnv't of tho 'Int*.-n were j^eri'stered thore,

•JY)~ the classes of graduates contuined names ;'rom so-fo on t>e best*l'---o sn the couYitry. ..C: t.;ecr> oGfly graduafcos only r;i^ht ore ' l iving, namely? Jorr ie

i:':r/ -'Od no re l a , i ^ p t i s t , Indan t e r r i t o ry ; '"aroh '. cks-• tophens,"oner, India- ^orr i tory; Jennie l oss IJurrol, of Louisonaj . 1 •"

o y :i "Iberty, 'T^hloqroh, Indian 7&w tory; Mai\garet Rogersliorl .Oj V?n.ito, Indian Territory} Nancy Thompson -dr.iondson,

••^yGvlllo," n.r^ansQsi i-try ' onn ." ayes, i'ryor reek, Indian- ' ' a nr^n ^rewer, MUS!-O'QG", Indian ter r i tory* llony'pf theso eor'ly

;T;-(1u«toE beenmo the wives of mon prominent in bots. the' p o l i t i c a l; , / -edrcafticnal history of the Cherokee Haticn ond sonc b- ve sons'.;' •-•••; ^n»?ally pronlnent to-doy. Talss Mory eclair wns married tov, .•. .Ad'nir an<i. Is the noth v of tfrr. P.W/i/ilaon on.'alumna of 3B81#

-i.'tl.u Joi-,nson became the wife' of ev« .<• A. Duncan ond i s tho niotherd" :T»G. I«ay Duncan ohelton* ^ancy Hl(?er married Mr. Daniel H. Licks

- f c - 1-a 4j4i&- -p ndB5Q4;hor -of-Janio- 3tarULer. of _th& jQ,las3_of 1903 and j rvi ra icks a member of f»o Junior v:iass, w1 o-.w^lj^ be graduetGd

beenrae the wife ojE" Ur* 0 . P. ,Bx»<?r.er and is the

ATlU.i".

•i;nff < »v t'-o i'rcs'V'0' t of 1:ho pr^ncat .•orr^: o° 0. cnt'f^u Ilory.. \ , ayes i s the widow oi1 Joel is. .ayes, one of <;!.e best chiefs••:.. •• horokees ever -had* v . •

.- ' v 1S61 t -Q .-•':- in- ry wda'bpourl'.t to a *• los-_*»" account of t-'-eVUJI- r of the "oboiliorw ~ The, Cherokee Notion took p?)rW 5&r

r t*r..*n« v;e! o .divided, sono ^^ni'nr. the .eaur.o o" the Confederacywvilo Ofehere wont into the >.>n.(on <»rmy» ; nch w r. ^i-IITns for ar . i io !o t'..or,-!ht to be r i # i t ' , b r t *n t T end i t only devactntod*. -. country, divided J t into factions 'on/1, a r r a y s friend opjin&t *."i l^jid. so that"-in JL86Gfy7O find i t *n a'wo^ne eond't^-n t! «n H'

. > n \ o *^JK1 tho people t;e?;1nninr » now,strnf;;-lc', i t -*.r: notn rusy th'n;; for t ;ose w o hovo. beon f .r^t-rr ear' r t ! c.r ->r years

'.-. <i' i-t t. eirv quarro ls , nnt- to l?r; nD-''o ^t-o^r etunltion, e t i l lII io v/Iuit 1-1 e people of 1;he Cherokee l ia t i f i dld« i»any fju.MO s.••••';. I.T.10 found t!' :eir once Leant-fvl iionee love.loci .to 4:' o, rco'undy "•• cruel torch 'of war ond the i r f n i l i o c sufforinn ''cr ;hc bare

•\cccr,(: ;i.les oi1 lifo-«~und n *~ ?3y sor", am1 instonfor t -c ; ' r / Vcr did. : :o'\;rn* .I'^eir • lilof l\a€ dier' v;'.ilo owny "n the n rlfh nnd riany

:. o'.r Iroders wero k i l led in hot l'&9 co H' req"-1^V("" *xo rl-renyth.•" br-n/o v')iiri.». to r-bi'^or iv'' ''• c •lohric of v.ar» i-l. lvx •.; erckeor'*-.. V wt: ; '"i 'll7 GIV"OWC<" IM' t'f.is v i r tue so Vl^y i'""" ' ' i^^cly oot

.ii ...tlon tiiC dir . 'erent cejart.'.onts o;" .overn .ent and nn^er the->'.. . i ictrat . n oi1, Colonel .-m» '-J* -.oss, who suc^ooded r.ic uncle a s .r':.C! ;•! ^h.lof, the .onolo -o \xinv? was recrxrnod with Kiss l l a'.;;G,., c ;ot! er ;"to - olyoke >pe»aduoto^ "TincipolA .assis ted by Hiss

-ic -(.,yes» Colonel "• n . r', iroes wao always o friond of the... varies* in f a c t , the wolfar-o and od^caftirn Of e l l -horokee

* l.;reti were very dour- to Ms heart* it was under* his adnin is -- '.I n t!,ut the -eRiinary w»3 enlar oC.3 the .Tin-1: y - onar

: : : : . ; . ! r • d, ond 1;he Cherokee Orphan •'••syl n lv ? ' r .1 l t on'/- C.uC'-c cf firincetofi '"niveraity, a scholar 'UT: Q sti"* f-o.ian—

•• • .. c f 'ne a type of manhood as ;ns boen nroduco^ by a .5r con.• - n af• er .the v;ar tv;err- core 'ntc t!%n nation from .-vnnsv* -1

-• .i.:.isjfj, a*.:uict, unassrr: n^ y''-n^. w-nan •'< vo \v#c en,c*r« c() to tonv* 11 c school at 'Oahleqi%ah« '.Ss 3 womas was destined to bo-».-io o-^.the ry oates t oducstorn in the countpy^ cY1"!- ^ t v/a.s .pon

' ni f-ovolved the dutjy of nonldinr -»-ho cha^a^terc of hundreds-yv - ,1 o*7san<ls--of C!:erokeo wowen* -md to say/how well s l o did her;;.i :\- * hove only to look over the* n--i'"on-nnri ^'n* t' r methers•i • . tors—living r.jon" ents to her f f r-©# / "\ ;*«o ic no nane in*. •• '.rokoo Hat on today tl 'nt is held in HOTJB'. lovinn "nd thanlcful

r-\ irunce than that of * Liiss A. . lo^ence •.\Miso"« M S S J-lson•jar. a-oolnted p r inc ipa l of the Son 1 nary In 1B75 ond remained pr in -r>\ I ' n t l l - s i c r e t i r ed in 1901, ^ivinn twon/ty-sisc of tlx besty: ••-;-; f her l i f e to the education of Cherokee vjouen* "eacbtng. .. no easy vocotion in the notion pr ior to/ '"Jmi Just a f te r the r/ar»• -nC no rai3j»oads, no telej^raph, nor tole'n'^or.e systems* '.Tie

':<-• r w&re ro^nh wa^on routes end i t was citstansry to rido* on horse1 ' 're- cno ond "of t!le "ation t ' tho otho^, 'and i t war by 11 :e r.>

('•of the ctucients v;ero brought to

. Those who assisted Miss Wilson in these early dvys nfter the war were'Vis's M»iry Stapler, Miss Lizze Roes nnd Miss Klois.e Butler. Miss Stapler and

ftiss Ross are remembered for their earnest Christian characters. TTHqa Butlerwis a member of the faculty four years and in 1883 she married to Honorable •'

, D. .'if. Bushytie d, who was the Principal Chief. Other teachers succeeded fromtime to time and a l l are remembered for their faithfulness to their duty. Amon£Jh'em w«s Miss'Anna E. Potman, from Fayetteville, rkans-is. The, ol us a of 1380especially remembers Miss Putroan for. her quiet, sw«ot and ^ont l ed imposition.Mss lutman married Mr. Oh" rles ll£h£ and id s t i l l living ut Kayetteville,.•rfcinsfis. Others were Miss Gray nd Miss Thayer, both n^aduateo from saneeastern school, Miss Morse, kiso Lelia Breedlove, Kiss ida .-l'cher, l^rs. 3evier,'"iss Ella 'vdair, Mias Mary Brewer, Miss ^ t t i e Cob'b, Uiae Belle Gobb, -mdErnma 3reedlove. Many of thes,e teachers we re,/old Cernin- ry ^irls and y sscd

. from girlhood to womanhood viithin i t s walls.'As said before, the^natiun was etrUbQltiifj in. ths s'A;daling cl'othes of a

existence nnd many of i t s people could scarcely pny thAir dau,: t e r s ' expenses j.ta ooardinc school end i t v.-as not unti l i;!78,tfcat the Ce-.insry -i/5.s enable a to .s nd out any more graduates. The cl'.ss was small, numbering only two, Tennie'^teele and uelle OotK Ti:~.i/£. sir.. 11 in quantity it r-.s & 1-r^e C1L.SS in quality,for not two alumnae h::ve done so much t:ood and spread so wide an influence nsthese two notle SJOT'-MI. Vi.ss r.teel^ mnrri ed Mr. a. 7. duller at Jinoihattj, Arkansyin 1830. AS a bride she came to Tahl^ quah and unt i l her denth in 1901 she //asindentified with every rood cause." "hile fruil of l".;dy she possessed a node

. heart and ah active brain nd so many were here womanly virtues that long willlive in the memory en? the hearts of tjie/jeopl? of T.'-hle .izh tue n na of Tennie '

^Fuller., Miss Gobb studied rasdici'ne i:; some of thj best c o l l e t s in tli'e ,ist and

loc ting at her home t'T"n, TVrg mer, Indian* Territory, she is n t i l l pursuing the^:tiss of her chosen pro^essi^n, giving hor l i fe to the cnase of afflictedhumanity.

Year aft r y»i<ir the l i f e of the lieninary prospered ind many, l i r . e j l isses^ers ;p?aduated. The Senior cl::ss of 1S87 consisted of Callie liaton, LizzieKcNair and Ada Ross. Th-3s»? yo.in(; I1 l ies were >;Iven Viair^il ?l:>n is at th3 Male':e>tiin .ry in June of the same year, for the l i ' e of the Seminary w s brju:^ht tofji abrupt close on April 10, 183?. » roat calamity had "oef-ll^n ;,^ countrywhen iu n few short hours a l l tnat remained of the nride of the ?tion wns i t sfnllHfl w«lls, i t s smolcln.3 raftotfa, oni i t s bl /.jlcaaed ^i l iurai fan i.A iv.l comato the iear old Pnrk Hill Seminary.

The rrincipal Chief, Mm^rnbl^ ^ . ' . '"uahy'ioid, I.uiie;'.•• fee-/ J1 Hud aextra session of the National Council and by special m? sa^e &s>red an aspjuopriattfor the erection of >. ne-w ^a^ldln,:. , They apr-r^jr i .t;.-;I sixty t'.jviu'.rid d.'Vlars andplaced the matter in the h«nds of a building committee and today vou Kill pind <n~•r»-.vod on a _ mart 13 slab in t \ i s r^r. bail:Hn; thf< foil .*lng inscvi^t i jr. th t t e l l s ;->wn story: Ghorokee "-"emale SeminA'y. Commenced Noveir.ber 3, 1BB7. CompletedA r i l 18, 1889. C. '-:. I l l s ley , -^rcVitect. 7. /.. I l l s l r / , C-rfit^ct^r J.-into Stapl-r,Johnson Thompson, and Gideon Morgan, Building 'Committoe. D. E. IVard, R. D. Kni.'ht

. inspectors. . S. 3 . Stephens, "lret h

^LK .oiif.X'ijiiY. .* . I.UAL.

6 " • ' "

Qji account of "the isolated location of the Old Seminary the citizens of*the town-fcf Tahlequah, by public subscription, purch sed and donated to the . J,li!.;•'-Chl0rokea Nation, the present beautiful s i te . More money vine appropriated 1'iter* •arid the. result i s the magnificent structure situated in the riorthern suburbsofj the quaint old town, the con pus with i t s beautiful spring, i t s wooded land-sc'. o *-nd i t s picturesque scenery i£ one,of the most.desirable l o t i o n s inthe c AtT»y. . • ' .,

i This new building W>JS opened for aamissiou to students on August-~26,133^,'with Miss Wilson, principal, assisted by Miss Jessie Leib, Miss fc'aeDuncan, Miss Mary B. Church and Miss Sall ie G. Morris. The f i rs t class sofortunate as to be graduated from the new bu'lding Consisted of Clyde Morris^Dae Hnsting and Guile Ross. Other ladies, appointed from tine to time as,assistants to Miss Wils -n 7?ere Mrs. H. W. (), Sheltri!, tftss Florence Hreedlove,Miss Adda Ro Rose, Miss Lizzie Mc^nir, Miss Lulu Starr, Miss Leila Morgan,&ias Chariotta Archer, Miss Lyd'iti Keys, Ok)P. SpEedlinf, Kr?.Eugenia Thompson,Mis8 Callie l&ton, Miss Bluie Adair and Miss Lillian Alexander', All theseladies were selected on account of their abil i ty <ae te»eh»rs and their ^rsonalcharacters,--the Cherokee Bo>jrd of Education always sele cting ii ts t^ach^rs ^vlththe greatest care.

The National Council coiiposf?d of th'e fathers of the co.mtry passed aresolution in 1900 larking, Wiss Wilson principal: for li^'e, Vut in 1^01 she sevpredher connection with the school and Miss Etta J. Rider, of Mt. Aye, Iowa,succeeded her. Miss Rider rendered veluablo service in scrkiiir' over theschool course and in bringing the institution up to i t s present standard.Those who assisted ?«iss Rider 7?ere Miss Cherrie Adair, Rosanne Homppje, ^issV'inta Foreman. Miss Flor Lindsey, Miss Mayrae Starr, Miss Sldee Starr, MissKinneola Ward, Miss Lillian^Alexender, Miss Kotherine P-Une, Miss ^'.rthaLilian Williams, Miss ^anna Eqllard and Miss Bula Edr^-ndson. lass Riderremained principal for three yer:rs and was succeeded J -Miss ¥., Eiensr .\llanof Logansport, Indiana,* assisted by.Hiss Ida Mosser, iiiss iJintP foreman,tliss Martha Liilian Williamc, Miss J'nana Br l l^d , Miss Bula E<U.andcon,Miss K'therine Archibald, Miss'Dora 7. atone, Miss Mary Louise Oxley andMiss Annie Hebecoa ^indsey, ,. .

',?e have come to the last page in the history of the Cherokee NationalFemale Seminary. We have endeavored to t ive you the n s t ^nd es «e look b^cko^er this long vieta of years spanning noi e than, one^half a century we feelproud4 of our attainments ^s a Nation ">nd t?e are nroud of the ^rosp^rous Tifeof tho Seminary. ' ' ' •

What other roist-akes our ancestors mijtht h^va TVA3©' t . y to^k t.u*eat Tridein tjioir daughters and saw that they were properly trilned for the duties,the realties, nnd responsibilities of l i f e .

The present l i fe of the Seminary is exceedingly Prosperous. It isequipped with a l l the 'appliances';fnr the modern art of teaching, and inevery way st'mds out as a shining moniment to the achievenents of a pr-iudbeopie. ' . . . ; . • . •>,

The pust and present we know, out whnt of the future? We feisk no•ji.lher regard thar i t be «-orthy of thfl n ^ e i t be?rs ".n<Lthp.t i t.s identitybe not lost in the coming years, but may the thread that i s broken now bewoven in a brighter- and freshor web. ^ay its' volume o^ usefulness he in-cre-ised -nd enricued as i t flows down into the remote future and may everCherokee woman hand down to he,r posterity the fact that this institution wasthe creation of their forefathers and the.pride of their hearts. The sun hasset forever on the Cherokee National Female Seminary, From 1904 -5 Annual,

NATIONAL FEMALE SEMINARY. ANHUAL.' , •

p o rt

' AIMA MATER

Many years ago, some IndiansLeft their homes in Alabama,Left the red sand hills of Georgia:Le£t their friends and all behind them,And with faces stern and' solemnSet- out for the western country*For the new land purchased for them.Many weary miles they traveled,,,Many hardships they encounteredClimbing mountains, crossing rivers,Facing wind and rain and weatherBraving hunger and misfortune-Till at last stretched out before themBeauteous hi l ls and fertile valleys,Prairie lands and herds of cattle-Beulah land of peace and plenty.This, the goal of al l their wanderings,Rest for weary way-worn travelers.Eere they settled with their families,Built them homes of log and mortar,Built their chimneys wide and ample,Eung outside the door *the latchstring:Tilled the soil, and planted orchards, .Herded steers and drove thent northward»Prosperous w#s this tribe of IndiansAs the happy years passed o'er them.Spacious grew their humble dwellings,Wide thair fields, and rich their orchards.Towns they built for trad& and barter-"Fairest of all-the town Tahlequah,Nestled in a smiling valley,Wrapped in softest summer sunshine,.Kissed by gentle fragrant breezes,With thelTlll 's strong arms about her^Fairest -of al l the Nation's children.In this l i t t l e town TahlequahAt the bottom of a foot-hill,Gushes forth a spring of water,Pure and sseet and clear and sparklingAs the one the Muses drank from;And our fathers, as they stood thereDrinking the life-giving nectar,Looking upward, looking northwardLet. their eyes rest on this hill-top-Felt the spell of Jove upon them,As when in the old ti j» legendFrost his forehead sprang Minerva.,******** ••**************#•*•******* N

Then came heaps of sand and mortar,Brloks and stones and heavy timbers;&en with axes, saws and hammers,Men with squares, and planes, and trowels;Men with horses,-mules and wagons,- ' -All the.air was filled with fumblingSharp reports and heavy pounding,Blasting rook and earth upheavals.W hen at Last the din was overAnd-the darkened sky grew clearer,There arose from out the chaosBright and shining, grand and classicGraceful arohes, Gothio towers-Fit abode for Wife<1omf s goddess.

*. • # * •

. Then from all partS%f>1i)ie?; nation, *§",From humblest homes,"and-from the .richestCame the bright~faoed Indian maideasjMaidens fair and maidens dusky,.Maidens tall and shorthand " pudgy.."-

• Came they to this seat of learning;Drank they from this sparkling fountainAnd with thirsty .souls unslakedLonged for more of Hebe1a potion;-Longed and all their lives kept longing *A nd in time sent "back their daughters .That thejr lives might be so sweetenedA nd the*ir days and.deeds be fruitful..Should you. ask me wiienoe . the learning-Whence .the '-power and pride and greatnessOf^.this tribe of Indian people,

..-I''shall'point you to this ooliege'' .fhat for years has schooled its women-'• Wives and mothers of these people

Whose brief story I've related".

A nd the maidens nbw-deprtingFrom this dear aid Alma Mater,From this dear old second MotherWho has cared for them so gentlyThrough the sweet years of their gLeave the wish and prayer behind themThat, as future years roll onwardBlotting out our race ofpeople,^ •She may stand here always ready,Glad to welcome Indian children . -., , . \And to keep aliw tradition-Monument to all the greatnessOf this proudest Indian Kation.

-A Nineteen-Five Senior.

OF

fJSKJiGlM COI'POCK—was.to'o^n in Columbians County, Ohio,,'..•n 1849, and was educated In the common schools and academy,and later was graduated "'row, Mount .Vnio-n College, receivingthe degree M. L. S# t'herefronu • •

He resided a a a special, student at the University of I5ich-]./;an one ye#r and served successively as Principal of an Academy,a High'School and a Training 3-chool for Teachers.

. In Indian work Mr, Coppoek v/as \Superinten ent .of Literary andIndustrial Education -for :ive years' in White1a Manual TrainingSchool at Webash, Indiana, vrl-ien it1 was a contract school "or the•education of Indians* "• v :' •

x-e was .also superintendent of the Chiloeco Indian IndustrialScnopl for more than five years, and upon solicitation cf the-uep.arttren't came on May 1st, 1899, as Supervisor of Schools fort'-e Cherpkee Nation, Indian Territory, and has continued' in the,

k 'J^^fid^^prked in harmony with the S^cu 1! e, Legislative and-r^c i:icnali Departments cf 'x Nation. ' . * • '\during this time of service there has '• eor. evident go'n in

t:-?e numl r of schools and the^e^s^llrrient of bbt: i.!~h anr5 Primary.ohcols. ' rhe gain in!educational' interest e ^ »p all classeso.r- people has been marked• . •$

*he seminaries have been filled to, their ,C-J on city 'and coo<3classes have' been graduated each year*

• i-mchtact and diplomacy W Q S nsod by I='r» Coopock in urgingone' of foe ting t-\e union of town ond National Schools* The Dayschool teachers have increii ,.d in number from one hundred twefnty--

• four to two hundred forty -six* The enrollment and average' attendance in these schools have ga-lncd rapidly, T /is is caused1 in partl*by~the/>in:fluence of and traning received ',el* the 'r>uiam©r

^ Mr* Coppqck is -justly proud of the fact that there on e morethrfn tvnr-Q as many Cherokee teachers etnplo;;ed in the .Vq^vice asare furnishod by all othtr trtbe^s of, Indians in the •.• .S,,%bothin and out",of Indian Territory* - -

0. Pa H. .BREl.J!R*-the subject of "this, sketch, was born-a*t 'ebb'ers •-alls, a small hamlet situated in'"Canadian," the three-cornereddistrict*, of the Cherokee Nation*

lie is the son of the late Colonel 0#P, Brewer, a'man who filledalmost ever.y position of honor and trust within the gift of the //.Jho-Tkee oeoole, and who at the -titae of his. death was a member ofthe Supreme Bench* - ,

Mr. brev/er attended the public schools of hi's neighborhood and1 -Vic Cherokee Male Seminary, wners he completed i'he corrse of study.

Ke entered the-7:nive slty. of-' Arkansas in March, 1889, and wasgraduated in Lecember, 1893, receiving the degree of Bachelor of ,Science. After graduation he returned to his country home and d e -voted himself to practical agriculture until March, 1904,/when he'novod to Muskogee in the Creek Nation*

.In the summer of 1901 he-was elected by the suffragists o fCanadian District to represent them in the Senatorial branch ofthe tribal le'gislatura*

At the expiration of his term he W8s;'in .ioint session of theNational Council, elected to the position he now occupies,.a .* l ^ t e ^ ^ *—* •——. —•

department

• ,* :"' , - • - 1 2 8 ' '*'-AIibl«;/Rf*s5K)ME7 WYLY—-was born in Smith County, near 9.'yler, Texas'. ' •iie movedjwith his parents when quite a young man to* Tahleuqah, ' '•Cherokee R a t i o n , where-ho now, reside®; He i s the Vson of thela te Judge B. F. Wyiy#, one o£ the most prominent c i t i zens of the :,Cherokee Nation. Judge Wyly was Judge of Do'laware D i s t r i c t foreight years , Nation*s at torney before Cit izenship Court for fouryears f Attorney General for Cherokee Nation* for four yeara, .and- :'.was one of, the delegates sent to Washington Wio- Pound tha t tide' ''•*United States was Indebted to the Cherokee' Notion to the Amount • ••of ;4,500,000.00. ' / ' - • . ' - . '

• Mr. Vfyly attended the public schools of the Notion and theCherokee Male -Seminary, from'which I n s t i t u t i o n he visa graduatedtn 1892. -e taught school for a year or two pnd was t ravel ingsalesman for a wholesale house for several ".ears.

In llovoniber, 1901^;. lie ,wa,s ^ ^ c i ^ d j , ^ member o£ th.©:;0.vierokee.. f -\Loerd. of Kduc^tion by tho 'National /Council, and was re-eiected "•"'in l°04, a t tho expirat ion f the *three year's* -fern. t'r# Wyly •

vts'ros on act ive i n t e r e s t in promctintf education among his peopleand line "proved to be an e f f i c i en t officer*

lie vja^ elected mayor of the town of TahleqV.ah, ' . ' p r i l , ..1904,pv.a v:oc re-olocte '3 Apr i l , irO5. •.

i"r. ' yly narfiod. l^iss Lill5nn Al^xnn'or, a Che'-okee g i r l , w' ovov.BO'oval yeara w.a the f ir.-1 a s s i s t an t teacher in the ' erialeSor.iinary. . . • '

S. - • PARKS,--.The subject of t h i s eketeh was born in Bradley county,'"ennossee, and moved to tVie 'Cherokee Nation vr en a boy v/ :th the • •Ilorth Carolina Cherokees. . He-is the son of Tov. Plchor-d T. Parksand Sarah K#< Parks, who' now res ide at Chelsea, Indian r"ei»r*tpry.. •Ur. ^ajyks attended the schools of the Cherokee Nation, boinggraduated ^ron the I.»"le Seminary and afterwards fron the Low Depr • ;artn:ent of Cumberland Universi ty , Lebanon, Tennessee.

Wr. Parks has fought in t;he public schools Of tho Nation, ino ".tJlc Seminary, and was pr inc ipa l terfejtier c" the'Cherokee Or-an Asylum for one year . While clerk of t^e Cherokee Senate he. .e lec ted to; a posi t ion on the Board of .Educ t i o n . He-has had

other-posi t ions of t r u s t , having been one. of the atto3P»eys ' for ' . :

the Cherokee Nation, in. making a " ro l l before the Dawes Commissionin 1396, also City Attorno;; of l i n i t s . Mr* P- rks married Kiss .Alberta 1'arkhan, a gvaduate of Howard-"''ayne College* He i s now J

a Robber of the School Board of-the City of Vini ta^- .a-dlrer torin the Vestern impurity Bonk, and a prnctici'nn;

' • • . . ' ' . . . - . , - • / . • • \

, / ••O

\

1 /CH^BOKLL NATIOllSk-mOtf SKIvIII.AiiY,

jc:iy r

f

I»ayJohn frownin7, 1854*

^-'-e^e^ict was born near Indianapolis,He attended the consrron schools of th:

Indian a * ___staibo unti l

he moved with his parents to Lasternthe course in~a!ehioh school and took

He then be~an theme and energy. For

taught rih the'country,./village and eity schools,

y ,his sjU&fcoonth* year / w,henI l l ino i s* Ha completed | jsore special work in the State U n i v e r s i t y•Work to which he, has.* deyp/6cd a l l of his t 'ra^ years he

of t>:e Staie BoardI'cbn.ar-y 11,

of,1099^

Educotion of I l l inois fo^ « i z years,he was appointed, without solici tat ion, Super-

of Schools -in Indian ^Territory nn<? continues in these vice;- lie has-made'an efficient and vigorous officer. ; 'tribal schools have been strengthened nnd developed and havereatly'increased in number since.his appointment^ and "by

of Congresslc-rial'ai-d have bee.n shaped toward a workable system"'or an organization or .county and .State 'schools* '-his i s*especially ao in-the Cherokee Nation* -ie hrs established sunnernerrnals in each of* the Nations and has ur^ed the training of'':ochcr s in these schools. We has accomplish d ttie gradingof •'-he country schools and brought about the use. of uniformtextbooks* • •

' ec-ntly he has introduced the study of elementary agr5cul~+•'"('* r~: the rorol schools.. I'r. ene'dict has won the apprecia-

nd adu.irati n c/ ti.e* .iei &kee teachers and't IO 'CherokeenHit ion, not only by his ef"r:i~fil;r svr.vDQthy as I a friend

ciency as anand adviser*

educator, but by his

y.

\

tOHEROKLi, W

Lliss A* loroncc Wilson uos^born near Z-'-m-jvlXIv, Ay>» ' Ilj'fiplly, "ono of the o lde s t in the coun t ry , hue* nsuy 'fE&onflc and "a.-.acetates' among ^tiQ vherokeos w'.io were t lreip nG-V'jhbor-s* Thuss'.o /oraied r,n en r ly in terva l : in ana at ' t cli'-.oni: for . t)-/> >4^eiiokee

oho j ' i r a t amended Miss 'iraham fs se lect* school in the v i c i n i t yo" ht-v home* Lator- aho went to t h e 7>i ^r-'r.^^ " re^slc ' -^ l le^e^: -ar Jackson, Tonn. , fro*:-which s'no waa rr^^r.a'.-ed v/i^s'i honors a t

•>/•>'> 'i,-c of s i x ! j o e n » ^ , *-oi* ca ree r as a teacher- bogsn ol^oct vi once. Or. ..or r e t u r n

v;-.) o Toa school sho-accept-d-fl po3 : t J on -a?, -?r •_ . ' s t sn t te^- l i ss. .;ojva^.>.i.chanan in the V^n -nren *"ch6ol« LaJ;cr s">e ')*•.? ne an-a i I'.Gt.' V; of " ev« ' i , >" one, in tho -cr.alo '\'-r.i'"iar;--< a t ~ussel~

w c-Oitinu'^1 thoro u n t i l t o ^nhool VMS hr-'.:on u1- l:;j thevil

:"'Oon a f t e r t'.io war llir.c %l.s<-n car:o to ^nhlcq V . or i t ? ;chor. •; c publ ic . 3chool» '''.i cmi inuod in t "e 003 ' f o r : -ur>J;il cle'i-'-

.:3?1nctpai o"' t :•* Cherokoe Qr.hlQ-mSb^rn-iry In 1S7'5» .In 1331 s:-»e l e f t to •': :!:- •• o r r so .in the "Torncl ' 'chool a t ^ ^ • t

..'-.• ".'urk* 1:: t'.io i n t e r v a l L:.t*.Toen the -b'.rnin;: of P ^ k ' M l l and\ ••? oroct ion of the nca ^c^:ifi:iry sh". o-n-.n ; ' m r V : in J.ne .•<?a

c % - •• 0 j . • '

y; n.-./ ^herokoc -;•'% o a l ' or.Qlo . " ) ' ry v;*»s opv i -d *.n 1^- vilth t l i a s ".Mlson as P r i n c i p a l , in T.v i c h c a b ' i c i t y she* ro *n*no«5

t;,-v.:ii roi.

CHEROKrJS KATIOHAL FER1ALK Sift'JMARY.

CHEROKEE' NATIONAL FEMALE SEMINARYFrom Annual of 1905 *

HIGH SCHOOL COURSE ' ' •

Freshmen—— • • /

, Fira't Semester—-' English, United S t a t e s His to ry , Oiysiology, Ari thmetic ,Second Semester— English, La t in , Botany, Algebra, . /

Sophmore—* J

t

First Semester—*«aiin, English, Generjal'History, *0.gebra» .'Second 3emester*—I«at'in,vEnglish, General History, Algebra.

Junior— " . •

First Semester—Latin, English, Physics, Algebra,Seoond Seme8ter.-Xatin, English, Physics,- Geometry,

Senior— '

First Semester—>--Lntin, Civics, English, Chemistry, Geometry,Second Semester.-Lstin, Civics, English, Cherai3try, Geometry,

Part of tho second semester of the senior year vras devoted to a reviewof th8*' consnon brunches.

The Seminary also had a grade school depfortment. frcm the f i r s t to theeight grades inclusive, and a music department with intensivs t rainingin piono under highly qualified instructors and « Glee Club which fur-nished much of tho music for society meetings and public entertainments.

Training in parlimentary upage and the conduct in<j£iSlic meetin'gs wasfurnished by two l i t e r a ry socie t ies f^r the higfi school deg irtment andthree fpr the grades, ** . .

Health supervision wns furnished by Dr. C# M, Ross, Medical Superintendent,"a grendson of Chief 'John Ross, $10 graduated from the Cherokee ^uleSeminary in 1887. Miss Jennie **artin who *as educated at tbs Howard-PayneCollege, Fayetto, Mo, was the school nurse^

The serr.imry as b e f i t t e d i t s n a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r wus n o n - s e c t a r i a n , butthe s tudents were required t o a t tend the. church of t h e i r choice eachSunday morning. The Young Womans Chr i s t i an Association was organized in1896. I t s members conducted dal ly morning prayer aecvicea and a weekly|unday afternoon devotional s e r v i c e .

• •. • CHEROKEE NATIOKAt FEMALE SEMINAHY. AKKUAL, .

132The tennis courts and basket ball fields provided the outdoorexercise* All students wet1© required to* take doily constitu-tionals and physical culture drills were given in ,the chapeleach evening* The basket ball teams played a number ofmatched games before the membera of the Senate and Council*

All students were given industrial training and were requiredto participate in the work of the boarding school. The primarychildren had exclusive care of the dining room* The boardingpupils were required to care for their own rooms and were dividedinto details for sweeping and dusting parlor, library, school -rooms, dormitory and halls*

liand sewing was raade a specialty and finished work was* on diapalyat the close of each month* Instructions were also given inscience, art, embroidery, plain and fancy knitting, cutting,fitting and s*wing-iiachino work* Basket and bead work werepart of the school room work in the lower grades*

bvery Sunday morning each girl was required to spend one hour anda half mending and'darning under instructions* The labor whichoach girl performed for the school was not suppose to exceed anaverage of one hour a day*

students 4«ere allowed to visit relatives or friends in the townor vicinTty once a month*

i *

rSKOLJu ivl? DtmT!IG SC!rCCL YEAF 1905*04 WAS AS • OLLDWSf

HIGH SCHOOL - ' '

Sen:!ors~-!5 .. - Fifth Oracle—24Juniors—19 Fourth Grade—40^opbaores—15 • Third Grade*—20. s»eshmen»~19 ^"* ' Second Grade«~»6ri£l;th Grade—24 . F i rs t Grade«~5Seventh Grade~~37 - Music Pupils—72Sixth Gi»ade—21 * _

An active Alumnae Association was in* existence. Any graduateof the seminary was e l ig ible for membership* I t held anannual meeting on coiruuencenont and mid-winter meetings by theca 1 l of the pres3dent*