SCHOOLS OF LITERARY CRITICISMSCHOOLS OF LITERARY CRITICISM

Library Exercise Directions Library Exercise Directions (out-of-class exercise)(out-of-class exercise)

LIT 201-200LIT 201-200

Professor Sarah L. DyeProfessor Sarah L. Dye

17 March 200817 March 2008

NOTE: A left mouse click will advance you to the next page.

“Raising Duncan” by Chris Browne

REMINDERREMINDER

You need to work on this LITCRIT exercise and complete the required worksheets tonight.

Your two worksheets for two separate short stories are due when you return to class tonight by 9:00 PM.

This is a graded assignment worth 10% of your final grade by the way.

What is literary criticism?

Literary criticism is the evaluation, analysis, description, or interpretation of literary works. It is usually in the form of a critical essay, but in-depth book reviews can sometimes be considered literary criticism. Criticism may examine a particular literary work, or may look at an author's writings as a whole. Finding literary criticism can be challenging.

PROJECT DIRECTIONS:

You will work in assigned groups tonight to get this exercise researched, recorded, and presented.

Step OneStep One

First, carefully examine the materials on the assigned web site directory and learn about the various dozen or so schools of literary criticism. Take notes on the Take notes on the material you are studying.material you are studying.

Step TwoStep Two

Review the stories assigned to your group to determine any TWO literary criticism schools or approaches which could be used with each of those stories.

Step ThreeStep Three

Go to the RLRC to find at leastONE resource (book, journal article,magazine article, CD-Rom referencesource, Internet source, audio visualsource, etc.) for each literarycriticism approach which could beused in analyzing the story with thetwo selected methods.

Visit this Visit this WEBSITEWEBSITE now! now!

http://www.kristisiegel.com/theory.htm

NOTE:

Prof. Siegel’s website contains MUCH information on literary criticism theory. You do not have to memorize the information there, but you do need to get an overview though.

Elgin Community College:Literature Resources

Go to the RLRC/library (preferably in personpreferably in person or electronically) to discover the resources available to literature scholars here at ECC.

http://rlrc-proxy.elgin.edu/litresources.htm

Literary Criticism

Additional notes to study about some Schools Additional notes to study about some Schools of Interpretation after you have visited the of Interpretation after you have visited the previously assigned web site(s). There are previously assigned web site(s). There are varieties of names used for the various schools varieties of names used for the various schools by the way.by the way.

Psychoanalytic CriticismPsychoanalytic Criticism

Note: If you have taken any psychology, sociology, or political science/government courses in college, you may recognize some of the following schools of thought though you may not have known that they could be applied to literary criticism too!

Psychoanalytic Criticism (4 types)

Freudian CriticismJungian CriticismLaconian CriticismGestalt and Transactional Theories

Freudian CriticismFreudian Criticism

Freudian Criticism:

Studies are based on the conventions and terminology of Freud’s theories, including terminology such as libido, id, ego, super-ego, Oedipal conflict, repression, latency, and so forth. Freudian studies are often used to explain sexual behavior and abnormal or aberrant behavior of characters.

Jungian CriticismJungian Criticism

Jungian Criticism:

Based on the theories of Carl Jung Terms and theories include the following: “Anima” (female principle in the universe) and

“animus” (masculine principle in the universe); the “collective unconsciousness”; “archetypal symbols”; “the undiscovered self.”

Fairy tales and folk tales contain profound and deep-seated meanings for life and art

Patterns such as youth/age, life/death, and seasonal dichotomies important

The femme fatale, the “spiritual man,” and the “father figure,” the “earth mother” become types pervading all art.

Gestalt & Transactional CriticismGestalt & Transactional Criticism

Gestalt & Transactional Theories:

The theories of Erik Erikson and

other eclectic psychologists are becoming important for literary criticism.

Sociological CriticismSociological Criticism

Sociological Criticisms (3 types)

Broadly defined, sociological criticism may refer to any focus on economic, political, social, or ethnic groupings within the novel or story. For example, class groupings, or occupational groupings, or educational groupings may be defined and discussed in relation to each other. Some pervasive groupings and conflicts are as follows:

Rural-Urban Groupings:

An ancient source of conflict, the rural-urban (also called the Pastoral/anti-pastoral) pattern is still important in modern fiction.

Class Stratification:

Rich/poor, lower-class/upper-class groupings tend to focus on the implications of economics and education.

Marxist Criticism:

Related to class, emphasis on the conventional conflicts of Marxist philosophy (proletarian/capitalist, worker/bourgeois), Marxist critics often find these conflicts “buried” in the plotting and action of almost all art and literature.

Formalistic CriticismFormalistic Criticism

New Criticism (aka Formalistic)

Work is viewed in isolation from its historical, biographical, and social contexts

Focuses only on the work itself, treating it like an archaeological artifact.

Analysis of language foremost, and the connotations of words and word clusters important.

Type 1 of formalistic studies:

Imagery Patterns: Isolation and delineation of certain repeated images or word pictures. Studies like this account for critical studies on, say, animal imagery, light imagery, color imagery, or any repeated motif, which is repeated in a special way to create a given effect.

Type 2 of formalistic studies:

Structural Patterns: Analysis of the ways in which the parts or “building blocks” of the novel or story are juxtaposed and arranged. Elements such as framing, flashbacks, chapter arrangement, and so forth are important in structural studies.

Type 3 of formalistic studies:

Stylistics: Analysis of the rhetorical patterns (length of sentences, adjective use or omission, diction, and connotative language) becomes the mode for critical analysis.

Some Other General Literary Theory Some Other General Literary Theory Websites:Websites:

Undergraduate Guide to Critical Theory by Dino F. Felluga of Purdue University

Literary Resources - Theory by Jack Lynch

Peter Krapp's Theory Page Swirl - Theory Resources at Southern

Oregon University by Warren Hedges The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary

Theory and Criticism

More General Literary Theory WebsitesMore General Literary Theory Websites

Internet Public Library: > Literary Criticismhttp://www.ipl.org/div/litcrit/

Dino Felluga’s Introductory Guide to Critical Theory websitehttp://www.sla.purdue.edu/academic/engl/theory/

Warren Hedges’ Timeline of Major Critical Theory in the US

http://www.sou.edu/English/IDTC/timeline/uslit.htm

The End of Schools of Literary The End of Schools of Literary Criticism PowerPoint PresentationCriticism PowerPoint Presentation

15 March 200815 March 2008