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School of Science
M.Sc. Life Science
Year: First Year Semester: II
Course: Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Course Code: PLS201
Teaching
Scheme
(Hrs/Week)
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester
Examination Total
L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA-4 Lab Theory Lab
4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100
Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) - 3Hrs.
Prerequisite Student should understand the basic and advanced concepts of molecular
biology and genetic engineering
Objectives
1 To study the basic concept of Genome, Chromosome, and DNA
2 To study the DNA replication and repair mechanism
3 To study the RNA synthesis and mechanism
4 To study the protein synthesis and central role of ribosome
5 To study the genetic engineering
Unit
Number Details Hours
1
Structure of DNA, Chromosome and Genome:
Structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin,
transposons, proper segregation of chromosome, structure of eukaryotic
chromosomes; role of nuclear matrix in chromosome organization and function,
matrix binding protein, Histone protein.
12
2
DNA replication, repair and recombination:
Initiation of DNA replication, elongation and termination in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes, enzymes involved in DNA replication, DNA repairs mechanism:
photo-reactivation, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch correction, SOS repair,
Homologous and non-homologous recombination of DNA, recombination
during meiosis, site specific recombination and transposition of DNA.
12
3
RNA synthesis and processing:
Transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex,
transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation,
and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation,
structure and function of different types of RNA such as mRNA, tRNA and
rRNA, RNA transport
12
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Course Outcome
Students should able to
CO1 The basis of genome and chromosome
CO2 The DNA replication and repair mechanism
CO3 The RNA synthesis and processing
CO4 The basis of genetic code and protein synthesis
CO5 Concepts of genetic engineering
4
Genetic code: Universal genetic code, degeneracy of codons, initiation and
termination codons, wobble hypothesis, aminoacylation of tRNA and tRNA
synthetase.
RNA translation: Activation of amino acids, formation of initiation complex,
elongation and termination of translations and ribosome recycling, imitation
and elongation factors, termination of translation, translational proof-reading,
post-translational modifications, translational inhibitors, protein folding, protein
turnover and degradation.
12
5
Recombinant DNA technology, applications of recombinant DNA technology
in medicine, agriculture, veterinary sciences. DNA and RNA sequencing
methods, siRNA and siRNA technology, principle and application of gene
silencing, gene knockouts and gene therapy, gene editing, crisper-cas9 methods
for gene editing. Hybridization techniques: northern, southern and colony
hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA fingerprinting,
chromosome walking & chromosome jumping. Basic concepts of plasmids,
bacteriophages, cloning vectors, cosmid vectors. Insertion of foreign DNA into
Host cells; Transformation and Transfection methods, Introduction to
polymerase chain reactions (PCR), applications in molecular diagnostics, viral
and bacterial detection, types of PCR methods
12
Total 60
Resources
Recommended
Books
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, by the Bruce Alberts
2. Molecular Biology the Gene by Watson
3. Principal of Biochemistry, Stryer
Reference
Books
4. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition, Bruce Alberts, published by
Garland Science.
5. Lehninger, Principal of Biochemsitry by Nelson and Cox, 7th edition.
6. Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer, 8th edition.
7. Watson J. D., Hopkins, N. H., Roberts, J. W., Steitz, J. A. and Weiner, A. M.
(1988). Molecular biology of the gene, latest edition.
8. Benjamin Lewin (1999) Genes VII, oxford University Press, Oxford.
9. Brown T A (1995) Essential molecular biology, vol. I, A practical approach,
IRL press, Oxford.
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School of Science
Subject: M.Sc Life Science
Year: Second Year Semester: III
Course: Immunology Course Code: PLS202
Teaching
Scheme
(Hrs/Week)
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester
Examination Total
L T P C CIA-1 CIA-
2
CIA-
3
CIA-
4 Lab Theory Lab
4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100
Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) - 3Hrs.
Prerequisite Introduction to basic concepts and terms of immunology.
Objectives
1 To familiarize the student with the basics of immune system and its role in disease
outcome
2 To understand the cellular and molecular basis of immune responsiveness.
3 To describe the function of the immune system in both maintaining health and
contributing to disease.
4 To understand immunological response, its activation and regulation
5 To develop research oriented approach by transferring the knowledge of
immunology into applications.
Unit
Number Details Hours
1
Introduction: Overview of Immune system: History and scope of
Immunology, Types of immunity, Hematopoiesis, Cells and organs of the
immune system: primary and secondary lymphoid organs: structure and
function.
12 L
2
Generation of B cell and T cell responses: Antigens: structure and properties,
factors affecting the immunogenicity, properties of B and T- cell epitopes,
haptens, mitogens, super antigen, adjuvants Antibody: structure, properties,
types and function of antibodies, antigenic determinants on immunoglobulin;
isotypes, allotypes, and idiotypes, molecular mechanism of antibody diversity
and class switching. Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes
Cell mediated immunity and its mechanism
12 L
3
Immune Effector Mechanisms
Major histocompatibility complex: organization of MHC genes, types and
function of MHC molecules, antigen presentation, Complement system:
components, activation pathways, regulation of activation pathways and role of
complement system in immune response. Cytokines: types, structure and
functions, cytokines receptors, cytokine regulation of immune receptors.
Immune response to infectious diseases: viral infection, bacterial infection,
protozoan diseases, helminthes related diseases.
12 L
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Course Outcome
Students should able to
CO1 Student will be able to understand the concepts of immunology
CO2 Student will be able to understand cellular and molecular mechanism involved in immune
response
CO3 Student will be able to describe the roles of immunity for defeating diseases.
CO4 Student will be able to demonstrate a capacity for problem-solving about immune
responsiveness.
CO5 Student will be able to apply this scientific knowledge of the field for developing applications
4
The Immune System in Health and Disease
Hypersensitivity: type I, II, III and types IV hypersensitivity.
Immunodeficiency diseases: primary and secondary immunodeficiency.
Autoimmunity: organ specific autoimmune diseases, mechanism of
autoimmune diseases and therapeutic approaches.
Transplantation immunology: immunologic basis of graft rejection, clinical
manifestation of graft rejection and clinical transplantation.
Cancer immunology: tumor antigen, immune response to tumor, oncogene and
induction, cancer immunotherapy.
12 L
5
Applications of Immunology: Antigen- antibody interaction: avidity and
affinity measurements, detection of antigen- antibody interaction by
precipitation, agglutination, RIA, and ELISA, Western Blotting,
Immunofluorenscence, Flow cytometry.
Vaccines: Active and passive immunization, vaccine schedule, whole organism
vaccine, subunit vaccine, vaccine, DNA vaccine, recombinant vaccine, subunit
vaccines Hybridoma technology: murine monoclonal antibody production,
principle of selection, characterization and applications in diagnosis, therapy
and basis research. Antibody engineering: Chimeric and Humanized
monoclonal antibodies.
12 L
Total 60
Resources
Recommended
Books
Jacquelyn G. Black (2013) Microbiology: Principles and Explorations, 6th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Microbial Diversity: Form and Function in Prokaryotes,
Ridley Mark (2004). Evolution. Blackwell Science Ltd.
Breed and Buchanan. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 8th
and 9th Edition, 1974.
Breed and Buchanan. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd
Edition, (Volumes. 1 – 5) (2001 – 2003).
Reference
Books
Sykes, G. and F. A. Skinner (Eds). Actinomycetales: Characteristics and
Practical Importance.
Jacquelyn G. Black (2013) Microbiology: Principles and Explorations, 6th
Edition
Lodder J. (1974). The Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study, North Holland Publishing
Co. Amsterdam.
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School of Science
M.Sc. Life Science
Year: First Year Semester: II
Course: Physiology Course Code: PLS203
Teaching
Scheme
(Hrs/Week)
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester
Examination Total
L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA-4 Lab Theory Lab
4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100
Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) - 3Hrs.
Prerequisite To understand the plant and animal physiology
Objectives
1 To study the plant physiology and mechanism
2 To study the nitrogen metabolism and sensory photobiology
3 To study the animal physiology
4 To study the cardiovascular and respiratory system
5 To study the sense and excretory system
Unit
Number Details Hours
1
Plant Physiology: Photosynthesis-Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms
of electron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and
CAM pathways.
Respiration and photorespiration-Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial
electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory
pathway.
10 L
2
Nitrogen metabolism - Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid
biosynthesis, Plant hormones – Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and
transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Sensory
photobiology - Structure, function and mechanisms of action of
phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement;
photoperiodism and biological clocks
6L
3
Animal physiology: Digestive system - Digestion, absorption, energy
balance, BMR. Endocrinology and reproduction - Endocrine glands, basic
mechanism of hormone action, hormones and diseases; reproductive
processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine regulation, Blood and
circulation - Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma
function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups,
haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis.
12 L
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4
Cardiovascular System-Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic
heart, specialized tissue, ECG- its principle and significance, cardiac cycle,
heart as a pump, blood pressure, neural and chemical regulation of all above.
Respiratory system - Comparison of respiration in different species,
anatomical considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste
elimination, neural and chemical regulation of respiration, Nervous system -
Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord,
central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and
posture.
12 L
5
Sense organs - Vision, hearing and tactile response
Excretory system - Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine
formation, urine concentration, waste elimination, micturition, regulation of
water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base
balance. Thermoregulation - Comfort zone, body temperature – physical,
chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization.
12
Total 60
Course Outcome
Students should able to
CO1 Understand the plant photosynthesis and respiration
CO2 Understand the nitrogen metabolism and Sensory photobiology
CO3 To understand the animal physiology
CO4 Understand the cardiovascular and respiratory system
CO5 Understand the sense, excretory system and thermoregulation
Resources
Recommended
Books
1. Fundamentals of plant physiology by V.K.Jain
2. Essential of animal physiology 4th edition SC Rastogi
Reference Books
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School of Science
M.Sc. Life Science
Year: First Year Semester: II
Course: Evolution and Behavior Course Code: PLS204
Teaching
Scheme
(Hrs/Week)
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester
Examination Total
L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA-4 Lab Theory Lab
4 0 - 4 10 20 10 10 - 50 - 100
Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) - 3Hrs.
Prerequisite To study the human evolution and behaviour
Objectives
1 To understand the evolution of life.
2 To understand the evolutionary history.
3 To understand the gene evolution
4 To understand the behaviour and evolution
Unit
Number Details Hours
1 Emergence of evolutionary thoughts: Lamarck; Darwin–concepts of variation,
adaptation, struggle, fitness and natural selection; Mendelism; spontaneity of
mutations; the evolutionary synthesis.
Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules;
abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; concept of Oparin and
Haldane; experiment of Miller (1953); the first cell; evolution of prokaryotes; origin
of eukaryotic cells; evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; anaerobic metabolism,
photosynthesis and aerobic metabolism.
12 L
2 Paleontology and evolutionary history: The evolutionary time scale; eras, periods
and epoch; major events in the evolutionary time scale; origins of unicellular and
multicellular organisms; major groups of plants and animals; stages in primate
evolution including Homo.
12 L
3 Molecular Evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and
molecular clocks; molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification;
protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins; gene
duplication and divergence.
12 L
4
The Mechanisms: Population genetics – populations, gene pool, gene frequency;
Hardy-Weinberg law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through
natural selection, migration and random genetic drift; adaptive radiation and
modifications; isolating mechanisms; speciation; allopatricity and sympatricity;
convergent evolution; sexual selection; co-evolution.
12 L
5 Brain, Behavior and Evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behavior;
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proximate and ultimate causation; altruism and evolution-group selection, kin
selection, reciprocal altruism; neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep
and arousal; biological clocks; development of behavior; social communication;
social dominance; use of space and territoriality; mating systems, parental
investment and reproductive success; parental care; aggressive behavior; habitat
selection and optimality in foraging; migration, orientation and navigation;
domestication and behavioural changes.
12 L
Total 60
Course Outcome
Students should able to
CO1 Students will understand the evolution of life.
CO2 Students will understand the evolutionary history.
CO3 Students will understand the gene evolution
CO4 Students will understand the behaviour and evolution
Resources
Recommended
Books
1) Evolution and Human Behavior John Cartwright
2) Evolution and Human Behavior: Darwinian Perspectives on Human
Nature, 2nd edition
Reference Books
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School of Science
M.Sc. Life Science
Year: First Year Semester: II
Course: Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering and
Immunology Laboratory
Course Code: PLS211
Teaching
Scheme
(Hrs/Week)
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester
Examination Total
L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA-4 Lab Theory Lab
o 0 4 4 - - - - 50 - 50 100
Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) - 3Hrs.
Objectives
1 To Study the genetic material (DNA/RNA) isolation and characterization
2 To Study the different stages of cell division
3 To Study the basic and advanced concepts of Immunology
Sr.
No. Description
1 Isolation and characterization of DNA
2 Isolation and characterization of DNA
3 Isolation of Plasmids
4 Extraction of DNA using Agarose gel electrophoresis
5 To perform restriction digestion of DNA with EcoR I enzymes or any other source of
enzymes
6 To amplify a given region of DNA (region of interest) using polymerase chain reactions
7 Isolation and estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine (DPA) method
8 Isolation and estimation of RNA by Orcinol method
9 Calcium chloride mediated transformation
10 Study of divisional stages in Mitosis
11 Determination of phagocytic index 12 ABO blood grouping
13 Immuno-diffusion method
14 Immunoelectrophoresis technique
15 Serological test- Widal test for titre determination
16 ELISA for detection of antigen and antibodies./ dot ELISA
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Term Work:
Term Work assessment shall be conducted for the Project, Tutorials and Seminar. Term work is
continuous assessment based on attendance, good laboratory practice (GPL), timely completion,
journal/record book, oral/viva, respectively. It should be assessed by course teacher of the institute. At
the end of the semester, the final grade for a Term Work shall be assigned based on the performance of
the student and is to be submitted to the University.
Notes
1 The regular attendance of the students during semester for practical course will be monitored and
marks will be given accordingly (10 Marks).
2 Good Laboratory Practices (10 Marks)
3 Timely Completion (10 Marks)
4 Journal / Record Book (10 Marks)
5 Oral / Viva (10 Marks)
Practical/Oral/Presentation:
Practical/Oral/Presentation shall be conducted and assessed jointly by at least a pair of examiners
appointed as internal and external examiners by the University. The examiners will prepare the
mark/grade sheet in the format as specified by the University, authenticate and seal it. Sealed envelope
shall be submitted to the head of the department or authorized person.
Notes
1 One experiment from the regular practical syllabus will be conducted (40 Marks).
2 Oral/Viva-voce (10 Marks).
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School of Science
M.Sc. Microbiology
Year: Second Year Semester: II
Course: Physiology and Evolution and Behavior Laboratory Course Code: PLS212
Teaching
Scheme
(Hrs/Week)
Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) End Semester
Examination Total
L T P C CIA-1 CIA-2 CIA-3 CIA-4 Lab Theory Lab
0 0 4 2 - - - - 50 - 50 100
Max. Time, End Semester Exam (Theory) – 3 Hrs.
Objectives
1 To study the plant physiology
2 To study the animal physiology
3
4
Sr. No. Description
1 Determination of bleeding time & clotting time of human blood.
2 Denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis.
3 Purification of RNA from bacterial cells.
4 Quantitation of RNA and agarose gel electrophoresis.
5 Demonstration of plasmid DNA in E. coli.
6 Transformation of E.coli with plasmid DNA.
7 Purification of plasmid DNA.
8 Estimation of soluble proteins in germinating and non-germinating seeds by Lowry/
Bradford’s method 2P
9 . Estimation of ascorbic acid in ripe and unripe fruits 1P
10 Effect of substrate concentration and pH on enzyme activity
11 Separation and measurement of flavonoids using chromatography
12 Bioassay of Cytokinin concentration using test system of greening of cotyledons
13 Estimation of ascorbic acid in ripe and unripe fruits
14 Measurement of respiration and photosynthetic rates using oxygen electrode
(demonstration)
15 Estimation of total amino acids in germinating and non- germinating seeds
16 Studies on induction of amylase activity by GA3 in germinating cereal grains
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Term Work:
Term Work assessment shall be conducted for the Project, Tutorials and Seminar. Term work is
continuous assessment based on Attendance, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), Timely
Completion, Journal/Record book and Oral. It should be assessed by subject teacher of the
institute. At the end of the semester, the final grade for a Term Work shall be assigned based on
the performance of the student and is to be submitted to the University.
Notes
1 The regular attendance of the students during semester for practical course will be monitored and
marks will be given accordingly (10 Marks).
2 Good Laboratory Practices (10 Marks)
3 Timely Completion (10 Marks)
4 Journal / Record Book (10 Marks)
5 Oral / Viva (10 Marks)
Practical/Oral/Presentation:
Practical/Oral/Presentation shall be conducted and assessed jointly by at least a pair of examiners
appointed as internal and external examiners by the University. The examiners will prepare the
mark/grade sheet in the format as specified by the University, authenticate and seal it. Sealed envelope
shall be submitted to the head of the department or authorized person.
Notes
1 One experiment from the regular practical syllabus will be conducted (40 Marks).
2 Oral/Viva-voce (10 Marks).