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School of Chemical Sciences

Common Course Structure for the First Year [Polymer Chemistry (PC), Pesticides & Agrochemicals (AC),

Industrial Chemistry (IC), Physical Chemistry (PH) and Analytical Chemistry (AN)] (w.e.f. June 2010)(75/25 Pattern) (w.e.f. June 2011, 80/20 Pattern)

Theory courses Semester I

Course Code Title Marks CH- 101 : Inorganic Chemistry- I 100

CH- 102 : Organic Chemistry- I 100

CH- 103 : Physical Chemistry- I 100

CH- 104 : Analytical Chemistry. 50

CH-001 : Lab. Course in Inorganic Chemistry I 50

CH-002 : Lab. Course in Organic Chemistry I 50

CH-003 : Lab. Course in Physical Chemistry I 50

Semester II

Course Code Title Marks

CH- 201 : Inorganic Chemistry- II 100

CH- 202 : Organic Chemistry- II 100

CH- 203 : Physical Chemistry- II 100

CH – 204 : Basic Concept in Analytical Chemistry 50

CH - 004 : Lab. Course in Inorganic Chemistry II 50

CH - 005 : Lab. Course in Organic Chemistry II 50

CH - 006 : Lab. Course in Physical Chemistry II 50

* * * * *

CH- 101: Inorganic Chemistry- I [60 hrs]

1. Chemistry of Non-transition elements (16 hrs)

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Hydrides-classification, electron deficient, precise and rich hydrides. Study of

PH3, SbH3, AsH3, selenides, Tellurides. Synthesis, properties and structures of alkali

and alkaline earth metal compounds, boranes, carboranes, Silicates, carbides,

phosphazenes, sulphur-nitrogen compounds, peroxo compounds of boron, carbon,

sulphur, structure and bonding in oxyacids of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur and

halogens, interhalogens, pseudohalides and pseudohalogens, C60(Fullerenes), synthesis

and reactivity of inorganic polymers of Si and P.

2. Molecular symmetry and symmetry groups (09 hrs)

Symmetry elements and operations, Symmetry planes, reflections, inversion centre,

proper / improper axes of rotation, equivalent symmetry elements and atoms, symmetry

elements and optical isomerism, symmetry point groups of some molecules H2O, NH3,

C2H2Cl2, (cis & trans) , BF3, PCl5, H2O2 (trans), XeF4, H3BO3, CO2, POCl3, C2H2 , NO3-

3. Molecular Orbital Theory:- (06 hrs)

Linear triatomic molecules – BeH2, CO2. Trigonal planar molecule BF3, Tetrahedral

molecule – CH4, Trigonal pyramidal molecule NH3, Angular Triatomic molecules H2O,

NO2.

4. Organometallic compounds of transition metals. (08 hrs)

The 18 electron rule, Molecule orbital theory and 18 electron rule, Counting electrons in

complexes. Alkyl & aryl complexes, Alkene complexes, Allyl and butadiene complexes,

Complexes containing delocalized cyclic systems, carbenes (alkylidene) and carbine

(alkylidyne) complexes, Organometallic compounds in homogeneous catalysis.

5. The Ionic solids :- (08 hrs)

Classification of ionic structures, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius

ratio values, close packing, Structures of ionic solids of the type AX (ZnS, NaCl,

CsCl), AX2 (CaF2, TiO2, SiO2), Layer structures ( CdI2, CdCl2)

Structures containing polyatomic ions. A cautionary word on radius ratios. Lattice

energy. The Born - Haber cycle, Applications of lattice energetics.

6. Weak forces of Chemical Bonding (06 hrs)

Resonance : resonance energy. Concept of formal charge, criteria for resonating

structures, examples: BF3, CO32-, NO, CO, NO-

3, SO42-, and acac-

Odd electron bonds and odd electron molecules / ions. Hydrogen bonding concept,

types, properties, methods of detection and importance. Vander waal’s forces, ion-

dipole interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, London forces, Repulsion forces.

7. Role of metal ions in biological processes (10 hrs)

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Metalloproteins and metalloenzymes, amino acids in metal binding sites. Selective

transport and storage of iron (siderophores, iron transport proteins in higher organisms,

release of iron transferrin , ferritin, the cellular Fe store), electron transfer (General

considerations, Electron transfer cyctochrome, FeS clusters, copper transfer centers),

ionophores.

References 1) Inorganic Chemistry Principles of Structures and Reactivity, 4th edition; James E. Huheey, Ellen A. Keiter, Richard L. Keiter. 2) Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th edition J. D. Lee. 3) Inorganic chemistry, 3rd edition Alan G. Sharpe. 4) Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A. Cotton. 5) Inorganic Chemistry, Fourth Edition; Shriver & Atkins Intern.student edition. 6) Principles of Inorganic Chemistry; Late B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma & K.C. Kalia. 7) Electrons and Chemical bonding By H.B. Gray. 8) Modern Aspects of Inorganic Chemistry, By H. J. Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe; Universal Book Stall, New

Delhi – 2 9) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry; Dr. S.K. Agarwala, Dr. Keemtilal, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut.

10) Theoretical Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, G.S. Manku , Tata McGraw-Hill Ed 11) Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd edition, B. Douglas, D.H. Mc. Daniel, J.J. Alexander. 12) General & Inorg. Chem. (Part one), R. Sarkar, New Central Book Agency ; Kolkata. 13) Group Theory and its Chemical applications, P.K. Bhattacharya, Himalaya Publishing House. 14) Advance Inorganic Chemistry , Cotton &Wilkinson. 15) Concept and Applications of Group Theory, Dr. Kishor Arora, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 16) Modern Inorganic Chemistry by William L.Jolly, 2nd edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill Co.

* * * * *

CH- 102: Organic Chemistry- I [60 hrs]

1. Common organic Reactions and Mechanisms: Reactive intermediates, Formation and

stability of Carbonium ions, Carbenes, Nitrenes, Radicals, and Arynes.

[04 hrs]

2. Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution: Introduction, SN2 Mechanism and evidence, SN1

reaction, Nucleophilic Substitution of allylic systems SN1 & SN

2 reaction, Nucleophilic

displacements at Allylic halides/tosylates, Nucleophilic Substitution at Benzylic

position, Nucleophilic Substitution of Vinylic & Aryl halide, SNi Mechanism, Mixed SN

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& SN2 Reactions. Ambient Nucleophiles, Set Mechanism, Neighboring Group

Participation reaction (NGP). [12 hrs]

3. Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution: Introduction, Different mechanism for Aliphatic

electrophilic substitution, Electrophilic Substitution accompanied by double bond shift,

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Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution in relation to substrate structure, Leaving group &

solvent polarity. [04 hrs]

4. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: Mechanism, The arenium mechanism, SE1

mechanism, Orientation & reactivity, The ortho-para ratio, Ipso attack, Orientation in

benzene rings, with more than one substituent, Orientation in other rings.

Nitration, Halogenation, Sulfonation, Diazonium coupling, F.C. alkylation, F.C

acylation, Ipso substitution reaction, Other methods of aryl-carbon bond formation.

[08 hrs]

5. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: The Addition –elimination mechanism, elimination

–addition mechanism-benzyne. The arylation mechanism-diazonium salts.

[06 hrs]

6. Elimination Reaction: Introduction, E1, E2 & E1cB mechanism, their variable,

Competition between Elimination & Substitution. Stereochemistry of E2-anti-

elimination & Syn elimination, Orientation of double bond, Regioselectivity of

elimination, Pyrolytic eliminations, Molecular rearrangement during elimination.

[10 hrs]

7. Addition Reactions: Addition Reactions of alkene, alkynes involving electrophile.

Hydroboration/Oxidation of alkenes, stereochemical aspect. Hydrogenation of alkenes

and alkynes, Birch reduction.

Addition of Nucleophiles to C-C double bonds, Hydroxylation, epoxidation, carbene

addition to alkenes, Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl, cyanide, oxygen or sulfur

Nucleophiles.

[12 hrs]

8. Free Radical Substitution: Introduction, Formation stability and reactions of free

radicals. [04 hrs]

References:

1] Organic Chemistry by Clayden, Greeves, Warren & Wothers. 2] Organic Chemistry by Stanley H. Pine. 3] Stereochemistry Conformations and Mechanism by P. S. Kalasi. 4] Advance Organic Chemistry by Jerry March 5] Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd.

* * * * * CH- 103: Physical Chemistry- I [60 hrs]

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Unit I: Atomic Structure and Wave-Mechanics

The classical wave equation, The time independent classical wave equation, The

Schrödinger wave equation, Translational energy, Quantization of energy, The free particle,

Particles in a box, Tunnel effect, Atomic spectra, Bohr orbits and ionization energies,

Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom, The radial equation (no derivation), The quantum

numbers and Radial wave functions. (15 hrs)

Unit II: Kinetics-Molecular Theory of Gases

PVT relations for an ideal gas, non-ideal behavior of gases, Equation of state,

Compressibility factor, Virial equation, van der Waals equation, excluded volume and

molecular diameter, Maxwell-Boltzmann law for distribution of molecular velocities,

Derivation of expressions for average, root mean square and most probable velocities,

Experimental verification of distribution law, Molecular collision in gases, collision diameter

and collision number in a gas, Kinetic theory of viscosity and diffusion.

(15 hrs)

Unit III: Thermodynamics

Introduction to four laws of thermodynamics, Entropy and equilibrium, Free energy

functions, Maxwell relations, Thermodynamic equation of state, Interpretation of Gibb’s

function, Phase equilibrium, Derivation of phase rule, PT diagrams for pure components like

CO2, H2O, SiO2. The Clapeyron-Clausius equation, Chemical potential and chemical

equilibrium.

Ideal mixtures, Partial molar quantities (Volume/free energy), Henry’s and Rault’s laws,

Gibbs-Duhem relation, Liquid-Vapour free energies, Vapour pressures and solution properties,

Non-ideal solutions and excess properties, Activity and activity coefficients and their

determination from Freezing point depression and vapour-pressure measurements.

Third law entropies- Calculations of standard entropies from Cp data, Exceptions to third

law. (15 hrs)

Unit IV: Nuclear Chemistry

Radioactive decay and equilibrium, Nuclear reactions, Q-value, Cross-sections, Types of

reactions, Nuclear models, Chemical effects of molecular transformations, Fission and Fusion

reactions, Fission products and Fission yields, Radioactive techniques, tracer technique,

Neutron activation analysis (NAA), Nuclear detectors (Geiger Muller counter, Ionization and

Proportional). (15 hrs)

References

1. Physical Chemistry, P. W. Atkins, ELBS, 1998

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2. Physical Chemistry, G. M. Barrow, International student edition, 2003.

3. Physical Chemistry, G. W. Castellan, Addision Weslay.

4. Physical Chemistry, W. J. moore, Orient Longman, 1998.

5. Thermodynamics for Chemist, S. Glasstone, D. Van Nostrand, 1965.

6. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, H. J. Arnikar, New Age Publication Ltd., 1995.

7. Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Friedlander, Kennedy and Miller, John-Wiley, 1981.

8. Introduction to Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, B. G. Harwey, Prentice Hall, 1963.

9. Sourcebook of Atomic Energy, S. Glasstone, van Nostrand, 1967.

* * * * *

CH- 104: Analytical Chemistry [30 hrs, 50 marks]

1. Spectroscopy: Principle, brief Theory and Applications of

a) UV- Visible Spectroscopy, b) IR Spectroscopy

c) Atomic (absorption and emission) Spectroscopy

d) NMR (1H and 13C) Spectrometry,

e) Mass Spectrometry. [12 hrs]

2. X- Ray Fluorescence, X- Ray Diffraction and Neutron Diffraction Spectrometry:

Principle, brief Theory and Applications. [04 hrs]

3. Thermal Analysis: Principle, Theory and Applications of

DTA, TGA, DSC. [04 hrs]

4. Chromatographic Analysis: Principle, brief Theory and Applications of

TLC, Column Chromatography, HPLC, TPTLC, GC, GCMS, LCMS.[06 hrs]

5. Morphological Analysis: Principle, brief Theory and Applications of

SEM, TEM, AFM [04 hrs]

References:

1. Instrumental Methods of Analysis- Willard Merrit and Settle. 2. Instrumental Methods and Chemical Analysis- G. R. Chattwal and S. Anand 3. Essential of Nuclear Chemistry- H. J. Arnikar. 4. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry – Furniss B. S., Hannaford A. J.,

Smith P. W. G. and Tatchell A. R., 5th edn., Pearson education Ltd., New Delhi, 2004. 5. A Txtbook on Experiments and Calculations in Engineering Chemistry- Dara S.

S., S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2003. 6. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry- Vishnoi N. K., Vikas Publishing House

Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2005. 7. Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry- Bansal R. K., New Age International

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Publishers, New Delhi, 2009. 8.Application of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds- J. R. Dyer –

Prentice Hall 9. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry – D .H. Williams ad I Flemming Mcgraw

Hill, 4th Ed., (1989) 10. Organic Spectroscopy- P. S. Kalsi 11. Instrumental Methods of Analysis – Chattawal and Anand

* * * * *

CH-001: Laboratory Course in Inorganic Chemistry 4 hours/week

1. Analysis of ore (Any one)

i) Pyrolusite ore - Estimation of silica gravimetrically and Manganese volumetrically.

ii) Chromite ore – Estimation of Iron gravimetrically and Chromium volumetrically

2. Analysis of Alloy

Solder alloy – Estimation of Tin gravimetrically and Lead volumetrically

3. Instrumental method of Analysis

A) Photometric Analysis -

To study complex formation between Fe (III) and salicylic acid and find the formula and stability constant of the complex.

B) Simultaneous dertermination of Ni+2 and Co+2 /Fe+2 and Fe+3

C) To determine the strength of given mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate in the given mixture by pH metric method

D) To determine the amount of copper present in given solution by iodometric method potentiometrically.

4. Preparation and purity determination (Any two)

i) Potassium trioxalato chromate (III). ii) Tris (acetylacetanato) Iron (III). iii) Bis (ethylene diamine) copper (II) sulphate.

5. Drug Analysis : Determination of iron from given drug sample. 6. Table work i. Data Analysis, error analysis, least squares method,. Plot of Born Maeyer to determine 1:1 type molecule (internuclear separation). Characterization of metal ligand bonding using IR spectroscopy. ii. Visualizing frontier MO’s

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CH-002: Laboratory course in Organic Chemistry-I 4 hours/week

1) Techniques- Simple distillation, Fractional distillation, Steam distillation, Column Chromatography, Thin layer Chromatography, Crystallization, Vacuum distillation. 2) Derivatives of functional groups-( 7 derivatives of 2 compound each.) Derivatives – 1) 2,4-dinitro phelylhydrazine,

2) oxime, 3) acetyl, 4) benzoyl,

5) semicarbazone, 6) anilide, 7) amide.

References :- Vogel`s Practical Organic Chemistry.

****************** CH- 003: Laboratory Course in Physical Chemistry 4 hours/week

Students are expected to perform atleast 15 experiments of 3 to 4 hours duration.

Experiments are based on Potentiometry, Calorimetry, Phase rule, Conductometry, Kinetics,

Nuclear chemistry, Colurometry (spectrophotometry), Refractive index, Adsorption,

Densiometry and Viscosity.

1. Determination of molecular weight of high polymer by viscometry.

2. Determination of sparingly soluble salts solubility in water by conductometrically.

3. Determination of hydrolysis constant of sodium acetate conductometrically (or NH4Cl).

4. To determine the equivalent conductance of weak electrolyte at infinite dilution using

Kohlrausch law.

5. To test the validity of Beer-Lambart’s law and hence the unknown concentration in a solution.

6. To determine dissociation constant of an indicator (phenolphthalein) coluromitrically.

7. Determination of molecular radius of molecule (organic liquids) using refractometer.

8. Determination of partial molar volume of ethanol and of water in aqueous solutions at room

temperature.

9. Study of the kinetics of zero order reaction.

10. Study of the kinetics between K2S2O8 and KI using differential method.

11. To determine the integral heat of solution of a salt using Dewar’s Flask as calorimeter.

12. Determination of heat of transition./OR Determination of transition temperature of sodium

sulphate decahydrate by thermometric method.

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13. To investigate the adsorption of oxalic acid from aqueous solution by activated charcoal and

examine the validity of Freundlich and Langmuirs adsorption isotherms.

14. Construction of phase diagram for three component system.

15. Determination of pH values of various mixtures of sodium acetate and acetic acid in aqueous

solutions and hence dissociation constant of an acid.

16. Study of redox potential of Fe2+ - Fe3+ system potentiometrically.

17. Study of dissociation constant of monobasic acid potentiometrically (or dibasic acid).

18. Determination of molecular weight of organic compounds using Freezing-point technique.

* * * * * CH- 201: Inorganic Chemistry- II [60 hrs]

1. The Metallic bond (08 hrs)

General properties of metals, conductivity, Luster, malleability and cohesive force.

Theories of Bonding in metals – free electron theory, valence bond theory, molecular orbital or

band theory. Conductors, Insulators and semiconductors; Alloys – interstitial alloys and related

compounds, substitutional alloys , Cu / Ni (Phase diagram expected ),super conductivity.

2. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes (22 hrs)

Energy levels in an atom, coupling of orbital angular momenta, coupling of spin angular

momenta, spin orbit coupling. Determining the ground state terms – Hund’s rule, Hole

formulation, Derivation of the terms for a d2 configuration, calculation of the number of

microstates, Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes – Laporte ‘orbital’ selection rule,

spin selection rule, splitting of electronic energy levels and spectroscopic states. Spectra of d1 &

d9 ions, d2 & d8 ions, d5 ions. Spectrochemical and Nephalauxatic series, charge transfer and

luminescence spectra, calculations of Dq, B and β parameters.

Magnetic properties of complexes- paramagnetism, 1st and 2nd order Zeeman effect. Quenching

of orbital angular momentum by ligand fields. Magnetic properties of A, E & T ground terms in

complexes, Spin free - spin paired equilibria.

3. Reaction mechanism in transition metal complexes. (12 hrs)

Ligand substitution reaction, The classification of mechanism, The substitution of square

planer complexes, the nucleophilicity of entering group, the shape of activated complexes, K1

pathway, Substitution in Octahedral complexes, Rate law and their interpretation, The activation

of octahedral complexes, , Base hydrolysis, Stereochemistry, Isomerization reactions.

4. Catalysis (12 hrs)

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Catalysis, Description of catalyst, Properties of catalyst, Homogeneous catalyst, Catalytic

steps, Hydrogenation of alkenes, Hydroformylation, Monsanto acetic acid synthesis, Wacker

oxidation of alkenes, Alkene polymerization, Heterogeneous catalysis, Nature of heterogeneous

catalyst. Examples of heterogeneous catalysts (hydrogenation, oxidation)

5. The Structure and Reactivity of molecules (06 hrs)

VSEPR Theory, structures of molecules containing lone pair of electrons. Sulphur

tetrafluoride, Bromine trifluoride, Dichloroiodate (I) anion, Pentafluorotellurate (IV) anion,

Tetrachloroiodate (III) anion, Nitrogen dioxide, nitrite ion and nitryl ion, phosphorus trihalides,

carbonyl fluoride, summary of VSEPR Rules.

References 1) Inorganic Chemistry Principles of Structures and Reactivity, 4th edition;

James E. Huheey, Ellen A. Keiter, Richard L. Keiter. 2) Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th edition J. D. Lee. 3) Inorganic chemistry, 3rd edition Alan G. Sharpe. 4) Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A. Cotton. 5) Inorganic Chemistry, Fourth Edition; Shriver & Atkins Intern.student edition. 6) Principles of Inorganic Chemistry; Late B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma & K.C. Kalia. 7) Electrons and Chemical bonding By H.B. Gray. 8) Modern Aspects of Inorganic Chemistry, By H. J. Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe; Universal Book Stall,

New Delhi – 2 9) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry; Dr. S.K. Agarwala, Dr. Keemtilal, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut. 10) Theoretical Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, G.S. Manku , Tata McGraw-Hill Ed 11) Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd edition, B. Douglas, D.H. Mc. Daniel, J.J.

Alexander. 12) General & Inorg. Chem. (Part one), R. Sarkar, New Central Book Agency ; Kolkata. 13) Group Theory and its Chemical applications, P.K. Bhattacharya, Himalaya Publishing House. 14) Advance Inorganic Chemistry , Cotton &Wilkinson. 15) Concept and Applications of Group Theory, Dr. Kishor Arora, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd., New

Delhi. 16) Modern Inorganic Chemistry by William L.Jolly, 2nd edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill Co.

* * * * *

CH- 202: Organic Chemistry- II [60 hrs]

1. Stereochemistry: Recognition of symmetry elements and chiral structures, R-S

nomenclature, diastereoisomerism in acyclic and cyclic-systems, E-Z isomerism,

conformational analysis of simple cyclic (Chair & Boat cyclohexanes and acyclic systems,

Interconversion of Fischer, Newman & Sawharse Projections. [08 hrs]

2. Rearrangement of Reactions:

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Wagner-Meerwein, Pinacol, Wolff, Arndt-Eistert, Hofmann, Curtius, Schmidt, Lossen,

Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger, Favouskir, Benzilic acid, Steven, Wittig, Claisen, Sigmatropic

Rearrangements. [08 hrs]

3. Selective Named Reactions: Aldol, Perkin, Stobbe, Dieckmann Condensation. Reimer-

Tiemann, Reformatsky and Grignard reactions. Diels-Alder reaction, Robinson Annelation.

Michael, Mannich, Stork-enamine, Sharpless Assymetric Epoxidation, Ene, Barton, Hofmann-

Loffler Fretag, Shapiro reaction. Chichibabin Reaction. [14 hrs]

4. Reagents in Organic Synthesis:

Complex Metal hydrides, Gilman’s reagent, Lithium dimethyl cuprate, LDA, DCC , 1,3-

dithiane,Trimethylsilyl iodide, Tri-n-butyltinhydride, Woodward -Prevost hydroxylation,

OsO4,DDQ, SeO2,PTC, Crown ethers & Merrifield resins, Peterson’s synthesis, Wilkinson

catalyst, Baker’s yeast. [12 hrs]

5. Spectoscopy-

Applications of U.V, IR, NMR Spectroscopy for structure elucidation of organic compounds. Introduction to Mass and CMR Spectroscopy. [18 hrs]

References:

1] Organic Chemistry by Clayden, Greeves, Warren & Wothers. 2] Organic Chemistry by Stanley H.Pine. 3] Stereochemistry Conformations and Mechanism by P. S. Kalsi. 4] Advance Organic Chemistry by Jerry March 5] Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd. 6) Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis by W. Carruthers, Iain Coldham. 7) Spectroscopy of Organic compounds by P. S. Kalasi 8) Spectroscopic Identification of Organic compounds by R.M.Silverstein, G.C.Bassler and

T.C.Morrill. 9) Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds by E.L.Eliel. 10) Stereochemistry of Organic compounds. by D. Nasipuri. 11) Pavia spectroscopy of Organic compounds. – Pavia

----------------------------- CH- 203: Physical Chemistry- II [60 hrs]

Unit I: Kinetics of Reactions

Types of reactions and their kinetics: Opposing reactions, Consecutive reactions,

Parallel reactions, Chemical relaxation, Reactions in flow system, Chain reactions, Formation of

hydrogen bromide, Temperature dependence of reaction rates, Catalysis by enzymes,

Michaellis-Menten equation and mechanism.

Collision theory of bimolecular reactions, Transition state theory, Potential energy

surfaces-examples of (D + H2) and (H + H2) reactions, Activated complex theory of reaction

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rate, The entropy of activation, Kinetic and thermodynamic control of a chemical reaction.

(15 hrs)

Unit II: Photochemistry

Electronic transitions:Frank-Condon principle, selection rules, photodissociation,

Predissociation, photoreduction, photooxidation, photodimerization, photochemistry in

atmosphere and Green house effect.

Life time of electronically excited state, electronic transition and intensity of absorption

bands, Construction of Jablonski diagram, Photophysical pathways of excited molecular

systems, Fluorescence and phosphorescence, Stern-Volmer relation, critical energy transfer

distances, energy transfer efficiency, Fluorescence quenching. (15 hrs)

Unit III: Electrochemistry

Electrochemical cells with and without transference, Determination of activity

coefficient of an electrolyte by emf method, Acid and alkaline storage battries.

Electrochemistry of solutions: Debye-Hückel and Onsager treatment for activity

coefficients and equivalent conductance of an electrolyte, Ion-pair formation and Bjerrum

model, Experimental verification of Debye- Hückel model, Structure of electrified interfaces,

Guoy-Chapman and Stern models. (15 hrs)

Unit IV: Colloids and Macromolecules

Small particles/Large molecules, Mass range and Average mass, Surface tension,

capillarity, Surface tension of solutions, surfactants and micelles, Critical micelle concentration,

structure of surface films, Colloidal sols-particle size distribution, Methods of determination of

molecular weights, Osmometry, Solution viscosity, methods based open diffusion coefficient

and light scattering.

Mechanism of polymerization, Degree of polymerization, Kinetics of free radical and

condensation polymerization. (15 hrs)

References:

1. Physical Chemistry, P. W. Atkins, Oxford University Press, 2002

2. Physical Chemistry, G. M. Barrow, Tata-McGraw Hill, 2003.

3. Physical Chemistry, G. K. Vemulapalli, Prantice-Hall of India, 1997.

4. Physical Chemistry, W. J. Moore, Prantice-Hall of India, 1984.

5. Chemical Kinetics, K. J. Laidler, McGraw Hill, 1985.

6. Kinetics and Mechanism, Frost and Pearson.

7. Modern Electrochemistry, Vol I and II, J. O. M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddi, Plenum,

1998.

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8. Polymer Chemistry, F. W. Billmeyer Jr., John-Wiley and sons 1971.

9. Polymer Chemistry of Macromolecules, D. D. Deshpande, Vishal Publications, 1984.

* * * * CH-204: Basic Concepts in Analytical Chemistry

[30 hrs.] Marks: 50 1. Basic Analytical terms: (8)

Volymetric and Gravimetric analysis, Titration, types of titration viz. acid-base, redox,

iodometric, iodimetric and complexometric titrations., Types of indicators. Selection of

indicator.

2. Instrumentation: (8)

Principle, construction working and application of following instrument-

i. Spectrophotometer ii. Flourometer iii. Turbidimeter

iv. Colorimeter v. Flamephotometer vi. Conductometer

3. Statatical analysis: (6)

Error, Precision, Average and Mean deviation, Q-test, Student T test, Varion ratio.

4. Principles, techniques and typical applications of following techniques (8)

HPLC and reverse osmosis, Zone fining, Electrophoresis, Micro distillation, fractional

distillation and mass analysis.

*************************************************************

CH-004: Laboratory Course in Inorganic Chemistry-II 4 hours/week

1. Analysis of ore Bauxite ore - Estimation of Iron volumetrically and aluminum gravimetrically.

2. Analysis of Alloy (Any one)

i) Cupro – nickel alloy – Estimation of Copper volumetrically and Nickel gravimetrically.

ii) Type metal – Estimation of Antimony volumetrically and zinc gravimetrically.

3. Instrumental method of Analysis

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A) Photometric Analysis - To determine nickel as nickel dimethyl glyoximate complex.

B) To determine the Li / Na/ K in given solution flame photometrically, by calibration curve method.

C) Determination of molar conductance of [Co(NH3)5]Cl3 and [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2

4. Preparation and purity determination (Any two)

i) Nitropentammino cobalt (III) chloride. ii) Hexammine nickel (II) chloride.

iii) Nitrito-pentammino cobalt (III) choride.

5. Thermochemistry To determine the lattice energy of binary salts ( NaCl, KCl, CaCl2,

MnCl2, CuCl2). (any two salts) 7. Table work i. Computer applications: a. Electronic Structure, vibrational characteristics and charge distributions in 1st row transition metal complexes. ii. Analysis of electronic spectra of transition metal complexes for one system (dn, Oh, Td) and calculations of crystal field parameters, interelectronic repulsion parameter and bonding parameter. References -

1.A Text book of Quantitative Analysis by A.I.Vogel , 4th edition 2. Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry By Gurdeep Raj Goel Publishing House. 3. Post Graduate Practical Chemistry (Part – 1) H.N. Patel, S.P. Turakhia, S.S. Kelkar, S.R. Puniyani. Himalaya Publishing House. 4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy by A.B.P. Lever, 2nd Edn., Elsevier Science Publishers, New York( 1984) ___________________________________________________

CH-005: Laboratory course in Organic Chemistry-II 4 hours/week

1) Preparations –Single stage

1) Benzophenone to benzhydral.

2) Anthracene to anthraquinone.

3) Chlorobenzene to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.

4) Acetoacetic ester to 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone

5) Benzaldehyde to Cinnamic acid.

6) Anisole to 2,4-dinitro anisole.

7) Phthalic anhydride to phthilamide.

8) Acetanilide to p-bromoacetanilide.

9) m-dinitrobenzene to m-nitroaniline.

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10) p-bromoacetanilide to p-bromoniline.

11) nitrobenzene to m-dinitrobenzene

12) Phthilimide to Antranilic acid.

2) Use of Computer, Chem Draw sketch, ISI Draw sketch. ( Draw the Structure of simple Organic Compounds).Spectral data analysis ( IR, NMR etc.) References :- Vogel`s Practical Organic Chemistry. ****************

CH- 006: Laboratory Course in Physical Chemistry 4 hours/week

Students are expected to perform atleast 15 experiments of 3 to 4 hours duration. Experiments are based on Potentiometry, Calorimetry, Phase rule, Conductometry, Kinetics, Nuclear chemistry, Colurometry (spectrophotometry), Refractive index, Adsorption, Densiometry and Viscosity.

1. Study of hydrolysis of tert-butyl chloride in aqueous ethanol conductometrically. 2. Determination of stability constant of a complex ion Ag(S2O3)-3 potentiometrically. 3. Determination of pKa’s of dibasic acid potentiometrically. 4. Determination of Hammett constant of a given substituted benzoic acid by pH measurement. 5. Study of surface tension of liquids using capillary rise method. 6. Study of kinetics reaction between bromate and iodide. 7. Estimation of halides by potentiometrically. 8. Determination of solubility of calcium oxalate in presence of KCl conductometrically. 9. Study of kinetics of decomposition of H2O2. 10. Study of kinetics of inversion of cane sugar in presence of strong acid. 11. Determination of molecular weight by Freezing point depression method. 12. Determination of mutual solubility curve of phenol and water and hence the consolute point. 13. Determination of dimerization constant for benzoic acid in benzene by distribution method. 14. To determine the activity coefficient of silver ions using concentration cell with salt bridge. 15. Determination of heat of ionosation of a weak base, NH4OH calorimetrically. 16. Determination of heat of solution by solubility method. 17. Determination of the formula of a complex by spectrophotometry. 18. Determination of vapour pressure of a liquid at a series of temperatures and hence the heat of

vaporization. 19. Introduction to working of Geiger-Müller counter.

Reference Books: 1. Findlays Practical Chemistry, Revised by J. A. Kitcher. 2. Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, by A. I. Vogel. 3. Experimental Physical Chemistry, by R. C. Das and Behera. 4. Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, by J. B. Yadav, Goel Publishing. 5. Experimental Physical Chemistry, by F. Daniels and J. Williams. 6. Advanced Physical Chemistry Experiments, by Shoemaker and Gerland. 7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, by Willard, Merrit Dean and Settle.

* * * * *

16

Syllabus of

M.Sc. II Analytical Chemistry

M.Sc. II Analytical Chemistry

Semester-III

AN-301 : Concept in Analytical chemistry. [100] AN-302 : Analytical Techniques in Chemical Analysis. [100] AN-303 : Modern Spectroscopic Techniques. [100] AN-304 : Modern separation science. [100] AN-004 : Laboratory Course in Analytical chemistry -I. [100]

17

AN 301: Concept in Analytical Chemistry

[60 Lectures]

Chapter 1: Analytical Science – a perspective: [4 Lectures] History of Analytical Chemistry, Basic concepts, Classical and Instrumental methods, Chemometrics, Automated Analysis, Future trends in Analysis.

Chapter 2: Sample Dissolution Methods for Elemental Analysis: [4 Lectures] Inorganic samples: Introduction, Acids as solvents, Fusion process, and miscellaneous procedures. Organic samples: Dry and wet ashing methods, Special methods, Dissolution of organic samples.

Chapter 3: Heterogenous Catalysis: [8 Lectures] (1) Basic Principles of heterogenous catalysis. (2) Different types of reactions (3) Characterization of Heterogenous Catalysis (4) Photocatalysis

Chapter 4: Calibration : Construction of calibration curves, comparison with single standard, matrix matching, bracketing of std, standard addition and internal standard methods, calibration of Glassware, buoyancy errors, numericals. [8 Lectures]

Chapter 5: Optimization and Experimental Design : Accuracy, precision, classification of errors, minimization of errors, significant figures and computation, mean deviation and standard deviation, Detection, reduction and compensation of errors, propagation of intermediate error, confidence level, confidence limit when sigma is known and when sigma is unknown, statistical treatment of random error, properties of Gaussian distribution, Test of significance, F test, Q test (Student T test), Construction and interpretation of graphs, fitting the least squares lines [16 Lectures]

Chapter 6:. Process Analysis : Introduction, Hazards, Safety, continuous or regular monitoring, measurement systems, process chromatograph, process sampling and sample systems, service and maintenance, electrochemical methods, ISEs, spectroscopic methods [8 Lectures]

Chapter 7: Reference Materials (RMs) : Analytical standards, primary and secondary standards, high purity substances, reference materials, use of RMs in statistical control schemes and in intercomparisons, role of certified reference materials (CRMs), production and requirements, obtaining reference value and certified value. [12 Lectures]

References: 1. “Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry”, F. W. Fifield and D. Kealey, 5th edn.,

Blackwell Science, Chapt. 1, pp 12-13, 331- 379, 385-411, 415-458 (Chapt. 7.4) and 463-471, (2000).

2. “Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry”, D. A. Skoog and D. M. West, 4th edn., CBS College Publishing, New York, Chapt. 1, pp 12-13, (1982).

3. “Introduction to Instrumental Analysis”, R. D. Brown, McGraw Hill, Chapt. 2,3 and 4, (1987). 4. “Instrumental Methods of Analysis”, H. H. Willard, L. L. Meritt and J. A. Dean, Affiliated East-

West Press, Chapt. 1 and 2, (1977). 5. Heterogenous Catalysis : Principles and Applications by G.C. Bond, Clarendon Press-Oxford,

1974. 6. “Principles of Instrumental Analysis”, D. A. Skoog, F. James Hollier and T. A. Naiman, Harcourt

College Publishers (1998), Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd., Indian Reprint Chapt. 1, pp 12-13, (2001). /

18

“Principles of Instrumental Analysis”, D. A. Skoog, F. James Hollier and S. R. Crouch, 6th edn., Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishers (2007).

7. “Sample Pre-treatment and Separation”, R. Anderson, ACOL Series, N.B. Chapman (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons for ACOL, Chapt. 3 and 4, pp 66-118, (1991).

8. D. A. Skoog , D. M. West and F.J.Holler, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd

Ed., Saunders College Publishing, 1991.

9. R.A.Day and A.L.Underwood, Quantitative Analysis, 6th

Ed., Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., 1993. 3. Gas Chromatography, Open Book Learning Series

10. Larry Hargis, Analytical Chemistry. Principles and techniques . 11. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, Vol.

***

AN – 302: Analytical Techniques in Chemical Analysis Chapter 1: Chemical Analysis and Quality Control : [18 Lectures ]

A) Industrial Analysis : Quality characteristics of chemical analysis, errors occurring at the start, during or by the end of analysis, interpretation and presentation of results, Shewhart Chart, CUSUM chart and EWMA chart; Batch and process evaluation, QA schemes, experimental designs for optimization studies and ruggedness testing, system management;

B) Clinical Analysis : Introduction, analytical responsibilities, Managerial responsibilities, practical approaches to QA, characterization of a method, Results and preparation of reports. Internal QC, Accuracy and external quality assessment, near-patient testing and QC;

C) Water Industry : Water quality field sampling QA/QC program, QA/QC documentation, QA project plan, designing a water quality monitoring plan, Site selection, sampling frequency and sample size, cost considerations, training of field personnel, field trip preparations, Water quality sampling, toxic chemicals in bottom sampling and biota, bacterial sample collection, sequential triplicate sampling, sample handling, preservation, storage and transport, chain of custody, field safety, field audit program, laboratory QC procedures inter- and intra-laboratory QC, detection limits, reporting of analytical results, data handling and data management

19

Chapter 2:.Thermal method of analysis [8 Lectures ] Thermogravimetriy [TG], differential thermal analysis [DTA], differential Scanning calorimetric [DCS], Thermo mechanical analysis [TMA] Instrumentation and application, thermometric titrations. Chapter 3: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS): [10 Lectures ] Principle-spectral line width, doppler and pressure broadening, Instrument-sources-line and continuous, electrodeless discharge lamps, Hollow cathode lamps, temperature gradients, cells, flames, furnaces, detectors, interferences and modifications in instrumentations, applications , problems discussions. Chapter 4: Electrochemical Methods of Analysis: [12 Lectures] Polarography: Principles, Factors affecting polarographic wave, pulse polarography, and differential pulse polarograph, Voltammetry : Voltammetric principles, Hydrodynamic voltammetry, Stripping voltammetry, Cyclic voltammetry, criteria of reversibility of electrochemical reactions, quasi-reversible and irreversible processes, qualitative and quantitative analysis by these techniques. Coulometry and electrogravimetry. Chapter 5 Radiochemical Methods : [ 12 Lectures] Neutron activation analysis : Principle, Definition of various terms, various steps involved. Absolute & comparative method, PLNAA pulse N Isotope Dilution analysis : Principle, Direct, reverse double derivative IDA. Radiometric titration : Principle, types and instrumentation. Radio immunoarray : principle and applications

References: 1. “Introduction to instrumental analysis” R. D. Braun (1987) 2. “Handbook of Atomic Absorption & Fluoroscence Spectrometry by Michael Sargent & Gordan

Kirkbright, Viridian Publishing 3. “Instrumental methods of chemical analysis”, H. H.m Willard, L. L. Merrit Jr., J. A. Dean and F.

A. Settle, 6th

Edn (1986). 4.. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (1995).

AN-303 : Modern Spectroscopic Techniques. Chapter 1. Spectrometry:- [ 6 Lectures]

Interaction of radiation with concepts matter, Beer’s law. Deviation

from Beer’s law. Ultraviolet and visible spectrometry:- Instrumentation. Absorbing species.

Qualitative and Quantitative analysis

Chapter 2. Infrared Spectrometry: [ 6

Lectures]

Theory of Infrared Absorption. Spectometry. Instumentation. Sasmple handling. Qualitative

and Quantitative analysis.

Chapter 3. Molecular Luminescence spectroscopy: [6 Lectures]

Theory of fluorescence and phosphorescence, variable that affects fluorescence and

phosphorescence. Instruments for measuring fluorescence, phosphorescence, application of

fluorescence and phosphorescence.

Chapter 4. NMR:- [ 6 Lectures]

20

Theory of NMR-Quantum description, classical description of NMR, Relaxation Processes in

NMR. Environmental effects on NMR Spectra-Chemical shift, spin splitting. Rules

governing the interpretation of first order spectra. Effect of chemical exchange. NMR

Spectrometers Applications of proton NMR, c-13 NMR.

Chapter 5. ESR:- Principals, Instrumentation, ESR spectra. [ 6 Lectures]

Chapter 6. Photo acoustic spectroscopy:- [ 6 Lectures]

Photo acoustic effect, spectra, Instruments, Applications.

Reference:

1) Ewings Analytical Instrument hand book – Cazes, Marcel Dekkar

2) Analytical Chemistry, Kellner etal, Wiley VCH

3) Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemstry settle – PTR PH

4) Deans Analytical Chemistry Handbook – Patnaik, Mcgraw Hill Co.Fundamentals of

Analytical Chemistry-Skoog D.A and West D.M,Saunders.

5) Analytical Chemistry-Christain G.D, Wiley WSE.

6) Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Menohemetal, Pearson Educatoin

7) Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry-Fifield F.W. and Kealey D, Blackey

Academic

***

AN-304 : Modern Separation Science

Chapter 1: Exclusion (Size) Chromatography:- Column packing, Theory of size of exclusion chromatography. Application of size exclusion chromatography.

Chapter 2: Supercritical Fluid Chromatography:- Properties of supercritical Fluid SFC-Instrumentation and operating variables, comparison with other types of chromatography. Applications.

Chapter 3: Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electro chromatography:- Over view of Electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, Applications of capillary Electrophoresis capillary electro chromatography.

Chapter 4: Gas Chromatography

Principles of gas chromatography, plate theory of gas chromatography, Instrumentationfor gas chromatography, working gas chromatography, application of gas chromatography, programmed temperature chromatography, flow programmingchromatography, gas-solid chromatography, and hyphenated techniques inchromatography Problems

21

Chapter 5: Solvent Extraction Separation: Principles of solvent extraction, formation of metal complexes, distribution of extractable species, quantitative treatment of extractable equillibria, Methods of extraction, techniques in extraction, Extraction chromatography, theoretical aspects of extraction chromatography, correlation between solvent extraction and extraction chromatography, techniques in extraction chromatography, chromatographic inert support, stationary phases, use of extraction chromatography for separation of fission products.

References:

1) Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry-Fifield F.W. and Kealey D, Blackey Academic. 2) Analytical Chemistry, Kellner etal, Wiley VCH 3) Analytical Chemistry-Christain G.D, Wiley WSE. 4) Deans Analytical Chemistry Handbook – Patnaik, Mcgraw Hill Co.Fundamentals of

Analytical Chemistry-Skoog D.A and West D.M,Saunders. ****

AN-004 : Laboratory Course in Analytical chemistry -I. [100] Analytical Chemistry Practicals I :(Any 12 experiments)

1. Consumer products (e.g. Inorganic Pigment [e.g. chromium from Zinc chrome]; Pharmaceutical product [magnesium from tablet of “Milk of magnesia” / calcium from calcium-supplementary tablet / aluminium from alum]; Fertilizer [NPK Fertilizer for phosphorus]

2. Ion exchange chromatography [separation and estimation of mixture of zinc (II) and magnesium (II)]

3. Thermogravimetry [Determination of percentage of MgCO3 in Dolomite]

4. Cyclic voltametry [Study of cyclic voltammogram of K3[Fe(CN)

6]]

5 . Determination of moisture content in food sample using Karl-Fischer Titrator 6. Determination of Phosphate in Detergents by Spectrophotometry 7. Determination of phosphoric acid in cola beverages by pH titration. 8. Photometric Titrations: (a) Cu Vs EDTA (b) Fe Vs EDTA using salicylic acid 9. Determination of sap value and iodine, sap, acid value of an oil. 10. Determination of chloride and sulphate with an adsorption indicator. 11. Determination of total salts by cation exchange. 12. Agricultural analysis of, Soil sample, animal feeds, soil micronutrients, 13. Estimation of sulphadiazine/ sulphonamide. 14.Chromatographic sepration of sugars ,amino acids by paper,T.L.C.and Ion exchange

methods (both qualitative and quantitative method) sepration organic compounds by column chromatograpy.

15. Estimation of milk powder for Ca, Fe and P content.

Each experiment includes standardization of the reagents, calibration of the instrument with known reagents and analysis of an unknown.

22

References 1. A. I. Vogel, A textbook of Quantitative Inorganic analysis, 2nd edn., ELBS edn. 2. A. I. Vogel, A textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th edn., ELBS edn.

****

Syllabus structure

M.Sc. II Analytical Chemistry . Semester-IV AN-401 : Advanced Analytical Chemistry. [100] AN-402 : Applied Analytical Chemistry [100] AN-403 : Pharmaceutical Clinical Analysis [100] AN-005 : Laboratory Course in Analytical chemistry -II. [100] AN-006* : Project. [100] * The projects will be initiated in the beginning of Semester III and the examination will be conducted at the end of Semester IV.

AN-401 :Advanced Analytical Chemistry. [60 Lectures]

Chapter 1: X-ray & neutron diffraction a) Fundamentals of x-ray diffraction: X-Ray Fluorescence method:- Principals-

Characteristics x-ray emission.Instrumentation x-ray tube, Radioactive sources. Wavelength dispersive instruments. Energy dispersive instruments. Analytical Applications-Qualitative Analysis-Quantitative Analysis, Theory of x-ray diffraction, diffraction of x-rays by crystals, determination of crystal Structure (powder as well as single crystals), Instrumentation, determination of lattice parameters, x-ray intensity calculations and application of x-rays

b) Neutron diffraction: Introduction to neutron diffraction, theory, Instrumentation and application.

23

Chapter 2: Mossbaur Spectroscopy Introduction to Mossabaur effect, recoilless emission & absorption of x-rays, Instrumentation, isomer shift, Quadrapole splitting and hyperfine interactions, applicationof Mossbaur effect to the investigations of compounds of iron and tin .

Chapter 3: Hyphenated Techniques:- GC-MS, LC-MS, MS-MS (Tandem) Spectrometry, ICP-MS,

Chapter 4: Laser Based Techniques : [ 8 Lectures] Atomic fluorescent spectrometry (AFS), Resonant ionisation spectroscopy (RIS), Laser enhanced ionization (LEI). Principle – types of transition tunable laser, Classification of medium pumping and controlling mechanisms, Instrumentation detailing of various gaseous, liquid and solid sources, cell, monochromators, detectors.

Chapter 5: Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES): [4 Lectures] Inductively coupled plasma – ICP / AES and Flame emission spectroscopy (FES). Sources – electrical discharge, dc/ac arcs, spark laser microprobe, qualitative and quantitative analysis, problems discussion .

Chapter 6: Imaging techniques including MRI : [6 Lectures] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- principle, instrumentation, magnetic resonance angiography, 1H-nmr of relevant diamagnetic and paramagnetic compounds, contrast agents and clinical applications.

Reference Books: 1. Elements of x-ray diffraction, B.DCullity, Addison Wisley, 1967. 2. Diffraction Method, Wormald, Oxford University, Press, 1973 3. Standard Method of Chemical Analysis IIIA6th end. 4. Neutron Scattering in Chemistry, Baun, G.E. Butleworth, London, 1971. 5. Mossbaur Spectroscopy, Greenwood N.N., Gibbs T.C., Chapmann Hall, 1971. 6. Chemical Application of Mossbaur Spectroscopy, Goldanski V.I & Harber R.H., Academic Press 1968. 7. Spectroscopy in Inorganic Compounds CNR Rao & Ferraro G.R., Academic Press,1970. 8. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy Cheney R.Mac Grows Hill, 1971.

9. Thermal Method, Wendlandt, W.W. John, Wiley, 1986. 10. Principles of Instrumental analysis, Skoog, III rd edn., Sounders, 1985/ 11. “MRI : Basic principles and applications”, M. A. Brown, R. C. Semelka (1995).

AN – 402: Applied Analytical Chemistry (60 Lectures)

Chapter 1: Metal Analysis: [8 Lectures ]

Sampling, Analysis of steel and ferrous alloy: Carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorous, sulphur, selenium, copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminium, titanium, nitrogen, lead, niobium, iron.

Chapter 2: [10 Lectures ] Section A: Surfactants and Detergents: Introduction to different terms, Classification, Representative methods of Analysis. Section B: Soil and fertilizer analysis: Introduction to different terms, Classification, Representative methods of Analysis.

Chapter 3:Analysis of Agrochemicals: [10 Lectures ] Introduction, Classification, mechanism of action and synthesis. Insecticides : DDT, BHC,Aldrin, Endosulfon, Malathion, Parathion. Herbicides : 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, dalapon, paraquat, Banalin, Butacarb . Fungicides : Boardeaux mixture, Copper oxychloride, Zineb,, Benomyl(Benlte)

24

Analysis of pesticide residue and toxicological effects. Chapter 4: [8 Lectures ]

A] Chemical toxicology and metal toxicology : highly toxic solids, liquids and gases, biochemical effects of toxic metals on man, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, asbestos, carcinogenic compounds poisoning, diagnosis, effects and treatment.

Chapter 5: Effluent Analysis : [8 Lectures ] Effluent treatment and legislation, characterization of waste water, classification of effluents, waste watwer treatment processes and recycling, analysis of waste water, physical methods of characterization, analysis of organic and inorganic pollutants, automation in effluents analysis.

Chapter 6: Forensic Analysis [16 Lectures ] Overview, Destructive and Nondestructive techniques, Data interpretation. Blood Analysis: Blood preservation and ageing effects, Analysis of blood components and exogenic substances, blood stain analysis. DNA Profiling : DNA and its polymorphism, DNA typing procedures-RFLP, PCR, MVR-PCR, Dot-blot, AMP-FLP, STR, other methods, paternity testing, applications, interpretation and practical use. Determination of alcohol in body fluids: Legal background, Sampling and sample preservation, analysis-GC, IR, enzymatic and other methods. Fingerprint analysis: Latent fingerprints; optical, physical, physico-chemical & chemical detection methods; fingerprints in blood, fingerprint detection sequences. Hair analysis: Structure and composition of hair, morphological examination, Chemical analysis of hair components and components remaining on or in hair. Systematic Drug Identification: Classification and categories of compounds involved, analytical strategy-EMIT, FPIA, TLC, LC, GC-MS, etc., requirements for identification, possibilities & limitations of selected techniques, isotope detection method with numericals, new drug groups.

References : 1. ‘Forensic Chemistry’ by Suzanne Bell, Pearson Prentice Hall Publishers, 2006 2. Encyclopaedia of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 3, Academic Press, 1995

25

AN: 403 PHARMACEUTICALS AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS (60 Lectures)

1) DEFINATION OF DRUG. [4 Lectures] Introduction to drug act, Drug rules (Schedules), FLA. (Ref.1, 2 & 3 relevant pages).

2) SOURCE OF IMPURITIES IN PHARMACEUTICALS CHEMICALS. [8 Lectures] Raw materials, Methods of manufacture, Reagent, Solvents, Atmospheric contaminators, Microbial contaminators, Manufacturing and storage effect on drugs.

26

AN-005 : Laboratory Course in Analytical chemistry -II. [100] Analytical Chemistry Practicals I : (Any 12 experiments) 1. Pharmaceutical Analysis-Dissolution test, Disintegration test, Weight Variation test,

Test for uniformity of content. 2. Estimation of following functional groups Phenolic/amino group, ester group, amide group 3. Fertilizer analysis for N,P,K. 4. Analysis of vitamin A infood products. 5. Analysis of vitamin C in juices and squashes. 6. Estimation of mercury in skin ointment. 7. Chemical analysis of chill/turmeric powder. 8. Potentiometric Titrations: (a) FAS Vs K

2Cr

2O

7 (b) FAS Vs. KMnO4.

9. Conductometric Titrations: (a) NaOH Vs. HCl (b) NaOH Vs. Boric acid 10.Molecular weight of polymer from Viscosity measurements

(Ref.1, 2 & 3 relevant pages). 3) STANDERIZATION OF FINISHED PRODUCTS AND THEIR

CHARACTERIZATION. [8 Lectures] (Ref.1, 2 & 3 relevant pages)

4) OFFICIAL METHODES OF CONTROL. [8 Lectures] Monographs and their criteria, Preparation, Test procedure, limit tests. Dissolution test, Alkaloids assay, Raw materials analysis, Aqueous and nonaqueous titrations. (Ref.1, 2 & 3 relevant pages)

5) INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION. [8 Lectures] Processes used in different pharmaceuticals formulation, outline of pharmaceuticals. (Ref.1, 2 & 3 relevant pages).

6) EVALUATION. , STNDERIZATION AND QUALITY CONTROL. [8 Lectures] Tablets, Capsules, Powders, Solution, Suspension, Emulsion, Aerosols, Ointments, Injection and infusions, Eye preparation and blood product. (Ref.1, 2 & 3 relevant pages)

7) STANDERD SPECIFICATION. [8 Lectures] Pharmacopoeia specification, Stability studies and expiry date fixation. (Ref.1, 2 & 3 relevant pages)

8) CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG. [8 Lectures] An overview- chemical, Pharmalogical and therapeutic classification, Some examples of recent drugs. (Ref.1, 2 & 3 relevant pages)

Reference: 1) Pharmacopoeia of India. 2) British Pharmacopoeia. 3) United State Pharmacopoeia

27

(Experiments in physical chemistry- J. M. Wilson and others page no. 202) 11. Differential potentiometric titration

(Experiments in physical chemistry- J. M. Wilson and others page no. 272) 12. TGA for a mixture of CuSO4 and NaCl, find out the percentage of each constituent in the mixture. 13. Estimation of Zn and Cd from their mixture by polarographic technique 14. Quantitative analysis of mixture by gas Chromatography [e. g. Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride / methanol and ethanol] 15. Table work for IR-spectra, NMR, UV-Visible spectra Each experiment includes standardization of the reagents, calibration of the instrument with known reagents and analysis of an unknown. References 1. A. I. Vogel, A textbook of Quantitative Inorganic analysis, 2nd edn., ELBS edn. 2. A. I. Vogel, A textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th edn., ELBS edn.

AN 006 : Project Work [100]

28

SYLLABUS FOR SECOND YEAR

M. Sc. Chemistry (With Specialization in POLYMER CHEMISTRY)

With Effect From JUNE 2011

Course Structure for Second Year

Semester – III

Theory Courses

PC 301: Principles of Polymerization

PC 302: Characterization Techniques for Polymers

PC 303: Industrial Polymers and Paint Technology

PC 304: Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polymers

29

Practical Course

PC 004: Laboratory Course in Polymer Chemistry- I

Semester - IV

Theory Courses

PC 401: Processing of Polymers

PC 402: Special Topics in Polymers

PC 403: Synthetic polymers and additives

Project & Practical Courses

PC 005: Laboratory Course in Polymer Chemistry - II

PC 006: Project

Educational Tour:

Organizing educational tour aiming at giving practical exposure to II year

students is expected (at their own cost).

In-plant Training:

Students are expected to undergo one month practical training (at their own cost) in

relevant industries. The said training is proposed after II / III semester.

Semester - III PC 301 Principles of Polymerization (60 h. and 100 Marks)

1. Mechanisms of Polymerization: (03 h) Step growth polymerization, chain polymerization, Z-N polymerization

2. Step Polymerizations (10 h) Reactivity of functional groups, kinetics of step polymerization, molecular weight control in linear polymerization, process condition, multi-chain polymerization, cross-linking, step copolymerization.

3. Radical Chain Polymerization: (12 h) Nature of radical chain polymerization- comparison of chain and step polymerisation, radical versus ionic chain polymerisation, structural arrangement of monomer units – possible modes of propagation, experimental evidence, synthesis of head to head polymers, Kinetics of radical chain polymerisation, Initiation (various methods), Mode of termination - chain transfer to monomer, initiator, chain transfer agent, Inhibition & retardation.

4. Ring Opening Polymerizations: (08 h) Polymerization mechanism of cyclic ethers, cyclic amides, N-carboxy- and amino acid anhydrides, cyclosiloxanes.

30

5. Ionic Chain Polymerization : (12 h)

Cationic polymerization of alkenes:- Initiation- protonic acids, Lewis acids, other initiators, Propagation, Termination- chain transfer to monomer, spontaneous termination, combination with counter ion, chain transfer to polymer, other transfer and termination reactions, Kinetics, Commercial importance’s of cationic polymers. Anionic polymerization of alkenes:- Initiation- nucleophilic initiators, electron transfer, Propagation, Termination- polymerization without termination, termination by impurities and deliberately added transfer agents, spontaneous termination, Kinetics. Comparison between cationic, anionic & radical polymerization.

6. Chain Copolymerization: (10 h) Introduction, Importance of chain copolymerization, Types of copolymers, Copolymer composition, Methods of determination of reactivity ratios, Reactivity ratio and copolymerization behavior, Radical copolymerization, Rates of copolymerization.

7. Newer Techniques in Polymerization (05 h) Metathesis polymerization, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), Group Transfer Polymerization (GTP), Reversible Addition Fragmentation Termination (RAFT) polymerization.

Recommended Books

1. Principles of Polymerization: G. Odian, John Wiley & Sons, 2001. 2. Polymer Chemistry: M. P. Stevens, 2nd Ed., Oxford Univ. Press., (1990) 3. Principles of Polymer Chemistry, A. Ravve, Plenum Press, New York and London, 1995. 4. Principles of Polymerisation, P. Bahadur, N. V. Sastry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,

2002. 5. Principles of Polymer Systems, F. Rodriguiz, C. Cohen, C. Ober, L. A. Archer, 5th edn., Taylor

& Francis, New York, 2003. 6. Polymer Chemistry-properties and applications, Andrew Peacock, Allison Calhoun, Hanser

Publishers, Munich, 2006. 7. Polymer Science, V. R. Gowarikar, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.

PC 302: Characterization Techniques for Polymers (60 h. and 100 Marks)

1. Classification of Polymers : (10 h) Homopolymers, co-polymers, linear polymers, branched polymers, cross linked or three dimensional polymers, block co-polymers, organic- inorganic polymers, natural and synthetic polymers, chain and step growth polymers, thermoplastic and thermoset, based on applications - fibers, foams, adhesives and elastomers, based on performance – commodity and engineering polymers.

2. Identification of Polymers : (10 h) Preliminary tests, Elemental analysis, solubility chart, Specific end group analysis (Acid value, Hydroxyl Value, Iodine value, Epoxy value, SAP Value, Amine value) Spectroscopic analysis (IR & NMR). Solubility chart for identification of polymers, Specific chemical tests for various polymers and group analysis. ]

3. Polymer Molecular Weights:- (08 h) Molecular weight determination using viscometry, osmometry, light scattering, ultracentrifuge, gel permeation chromatography and End group analysis.

4. Thermal Analysis of Polymers:- (08 h)

31

Introduction, instrumentation and applications of DTA, TGA, DSC and TMA, pyrolytic gas chromatography

5. Electrical Properties of Polymers:- Electrical resistivity, dielectric behavior. (02 h)

6. Viscoelastic behavior: (06 h) Introduction, linear viscolastic behavior, Maxwell and Kelvin vigat model, mechanical spectra.

7. Stereoregularity:- (08 h) Methods to study tacticity Sequence determination of polymers by NMR.

8. Characterization and Analysis of Polymer Surfaces:- (08 h) Light (optical) microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), x ray diffraction, AFM.

Recommended Books

1. Experiments in Poly. Sci., Collins Bares, F. W. Billmeyer, Wiely Interscince, 1973. 2. Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules. D.D. Deshpande,Vishal Publications, Jalandhar, 1989. 3. Physical Chemistry of Polymers - Hiemenzs. 4. Mechanical Properties of Polymers & Composites L. E. Nielsen, Marcel Dekker. 5. Polymer Chemistry: M. P. Stevens, 2nd Ed., Oxford Univ. Press., (1990)

PC 303 : Industrial Polymers and Paint Technology (60 h. Marks-100)

Part A Industrial Polymers 1. Basic Concepts of Polymers (04 h)

History, Trends, and General Polymer Background, Concept of functionality and reactivity, Degree of polymerization.

2. Techniques of Polymerization (05 h) Bulk, Solution, Emulsion, Suspension and Interfacial polymerization. 3. Chemistry, Technology of Production, Properties and Applications of Chain growth

polymers (12 h)

Polyolefins (PE, PP & PIB) Aacrylics (PMMA, PAN) Polyvinyles (PVC, PVDC, CPVC), Polystyrene & copolymer (SBR, SAN, ABS) Poly(vinyl acetate) 4. Chemistry, Technology of Production, Properties and Applications of Step growth

polymers: (09 h)

a. Phenol formaldehyde (PF- Novolak and resol)

32

b. Urea formaldehyde (UF) c. Melamine formaldehyde(MF) d. Epoxy Resins and curing Agents e. Polyamides:- Nylon-6, Nylon-6,6

Part B Paint Technology (30 h) a. Basics of paints - Definitions of paints, pigments, varnishes, lacquers, Anatomy of paints,

functions & requirements of constituents of paints, classification of paints on the basis of order of application/ methods of curing / nature of solvent/ uses etc.

b. Introduction to the concept of paint - of color, tinting strength, reducing power classification of pigments, pigments properties-oil absorption, refractive index, particle size shape, bleeding, resistance to light and heat.

c. Manufacture of paints – Ball mill, triple roll mill, bead mill, titrator, high speed and heavy-

duty disperser.

Recommended Books:

1. Polymer Chemistry - M. P. Stevens, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, 1990. 2. Poly. Synthesis - Stanley R. Sandler, Wolf Karo, Vol. 1, Academic Press, Inc., California, 1994. 3. Introduction to Polymer Chemistry - R.B. Seymour, Marcel Dekker, 3rd Ed., (1992) 4. Polymer Chemistry-properties and applications, Andrew Peacock, Allison Calhoun, Hanser

Publishers, Munich, 2006. 5. Polymer Science and Technology of Plastics and Rubbers, Premamoy Ghosh, Tata McGraw-Hill

Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1996. 6. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk and Othmer. 7. Plastics Materials, J. Brydson, Butterworths, &th Edn., London, 1999. 8. Polymer Chemistry, Ayodhya Singh, Campus Books, 2006. 9. Organic Polymer Chemistry, V. Jain, IVY Publishing House, New Delhi, 10. Outlines of Paint Technology, W. M Morgan 3rd edn CBS Publishers. 11. Paints, Coatings and solvents, Dieter Stoye, Werner Freitag, Wiley VCH Pub. PC 304: Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polymers (60 h. and 100 Marks)

1. Nomenclature of polymers. (06 h) Nomenclature based on source, nomenclature based on structure (non IPUAC), nomenclature based on structure IPUAC, trade names and non-names.

2. Phase states and phase transition of polymers : (06 h) General Concept of phase state and phase transition, crystallizability of polymers, melting temperature of polymers, amorphous polymers

3. Transition of Poly. from the rubber-like to the glassy and viscofluid states (10 h) Relaxation nature of glass transition, mechanism of glass transition, methods of determining the glass transition temperature of polymers, effect of molecular mass of polymers on its glass transition temperature and on flow temperature, relationship between Tg and Tm of polymers, chemical constitution of polymers and glass transition temperature. 4. Polymer-Low-Molecular Liquid Systems : (08 h)

True solution of polymers, gels of polymers, colloidal dispersion of polymers, preparation of polymers solution and their refining, fractionation of polymers, resistance of polymeric material to solvents.

33

5. Mechanical tests and polymer transitions : (08 h) Standards and standards organizations Mechanical tests : creep tests, stress relaxation tests, stress-strain tests, compression, flexural test, dynamic mechanical tests

6. Other Mechanical Properties : (12 h) Fatigue, Friction, Abrasion resistance, Hardness and Indentation Tests, Melt Flow Index, Impact test, Gloss, Gas permeability, Environmental stress cracking (ESC), Flame Retardancy ( LOI), Opacity

7. Conventional & Nanocomposites of polymers (10 h) Introduction to Composite Systems, Conventional fillers, particulate filled composites, fiber filled composites, Nano composites - Nano Sized Fillers, Types and Advantages of Nanosized fillers, General approaches of making nanocomposites

Recommended Books

1. Physical Chemistry of Polymers - A. Tager, Mir Pub., 2nd Ed., (1978) 2. Principles of Polymer Chemistry, P. J. Flory, Asian Books Pvt. Ltd., First Indian Edn., 2006. 3. Polymer Chemistry The Basic Concepts – Paul C. Hiemenzs, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984. 4. Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules –D. D. Deshpande, Vishal Publication, Jalandhar, 1997. 5. Polymer Science – V. R. Gowarikar, N. V. Viswanathan, Jayadev Shreedhar, New Age

International, India (1997). 6. Polymer Science and Technology, J. R. Fried, Printice Hall of Indian Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2000. 7. Handbook of Plastics Testing Technology, Vishu Shah, Wiley Interscience Publications, 2nd

Edition, 1998.

PC 004: Laboratory Course in Polymer Chemistry- I (Marks-100)

(Minimum 14 practicals are necessary)

1. Study of various polymerization techniques – Bulk, Solution, Suspension, emulsion polymerization

2. Synthesis of polyesters. 3. Kinetics of catalyzed and uncatalyzed polyesterification reaction 4. Preparation of Urea formaldehyde resin 5. Preparation of Phenol formaldehyde resin – novolak and resol 6. Preparation of Melamine formaldehyde resin 7. Preparation of alkyd resin 8. Preparation of epoxy resin 9. Preparation of varnish, distemper, primer, undercoat and topcoat 10. Characterization of surface coating viscosity, gloss, impact resistance, cross cut adhesion,

scratch resistance and hiding power. 11. Preparation of polysulphide resin. 12. Preparation of nylon 66 13. Preparation of P.F. ion exchange resin 14. Preparation of poly (vinyl acetate) from PVA 15. Modification of PS to chloromethylated PS

34

16. Preparation of cellulose acetate 17. Determination of epoxy equivalent 18. Determination of saponification value 19. Determination of acid value 20. Determination of hydroxyl value 21. Determination of isocyanate content 22. Determination of iodine value

References:

1. Experiments in Polymer Science, D. G. Hundiwale, V. D. Athawale, U. R. Kapadi, V. V. Gite, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.

2. Polymer Chemistry-Practical Approach in Chemistry, F. J. Davis, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004.

3. Polymer Science – V. R. Gowarikar, N. V. Viswanathan, Jayadev Shreedhar, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.

4. Principles of Polymerisation, P. Bahadur, N. V. Sastry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

Semester - IV

PC 401: Processing of Polymers: (60 h and 100 Marks)

Processing of thermoplastics and thermoset resins for films, fibers, foams, sheets, tubing, etc.

1. Extrusion (11 h) General features of single screw extruder; Mechanism of flow, Analysis of flow in extruder,

General features of twin screw extruders and other techniques based on extruder

2. Injection Molding (12 h) Introduction, details of the process, moulds, structural foam injection molding, sandwich

molding, Reaction injection molding, injection blow molding, injection Molding of thermosets.

3. Thermoforming, Analysis of thermoforming (4 h) 4. Calendaring - Analysis of calendaring (3 h) 5. Rotational Molding (3 h) 6. Compression molding (3 h) 7. Transfer molding (3 h) 8. Processing of reinforced thermoplastics & thermoset (5 h)

35

9. The effects of processing (5 h) Microstructural changes, Shrinkage & distortion, Residual stresses

10. Processing of fibres (6 h) 11. Methods for Polymer coatings (5 h)

Recommended Books

1. Plastics Engineering, R.J. Crawfold, Maxwell- Macmillon International Ed. Science &

Technology of Polymer Films, O.J. Sweeting, Vol. II, Noyes, 1971

2. Pulp and Paper- Chemical Technology Vol. I, II, III, J.P. Casey, 3rd Ed. Interscience, 1980.

3. Polymer Processes, C.E. Schildnecht, Wiley Interscience, 1956.

4. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 1 to XIV, H.F. Mark and N.

Gaylord, Interscience, 2nd Ed. 1988.

5. Rubber Technology, C.M. Blow, Butter worth, London, 1980.

PC 402: Special Topics in Polymers (60 h and 100 Marks)

1. Polymer Recycling (08 h) Introduction, Classification of recycling- primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary recycling of plastics. Recycling codes

2. Rubbers: (08 h) Natural rubber (polyisoprene cis), Gutta percha (polyisoprene trans) Synthetic rubber:- Manufacture and physical properties of synthetic rubbers such as SBR, PBR, Nitrile, Butyl and Neoprene.

3. Natural Polymers (06 h) Structure, properties and applications of shellac, lignin, starch and proteins.

4. Chemical Modification of cellulose and polystyrene (04 h) 5. Polyelectrolyte’s (03 h) 6. Polymer liquid crystals (04 h) 7. Inorganic Polymers (04 h) 8. Conducting Polymers (06 h) 9. Telechilic polymers (03 h)

36

10. Ionomers (02 h) 11. Hyperbranched and Dendrimer Polymers (04 h) 12. Degradable Polymers (03 h)

13. Biomedical Applications (05 h)

Recommended Books

1. Principles of Polymerization: G. Odian, John Wiley & Sons, 2001. 2. Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis to Applications, N. Karak, S. Maiti, MD

Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008. 3. Dendrimers and Dendrons Concepts, Synthesis and Applications, G. R. Newkome, C. N.

Moorefiled, F. Vogtle, Wiley-Vch, Germany, 2001 4. Polymer Chemistry-An Introduction, M. P. Stevens, Oxford University Press, 1990. 5. Polymer Chemistry-properties and applications, Andrew Peacock, Allison Calhoun, Hanser

Publishers, Munich, 2006. 6. Principles of polym, P. Bahadur, N. V. Sastry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002. 7. Nabil Mustafa – “Plastics Waste Management” Marcel Dekker Inc.,1993. 8. Chandra R. and Adab A., Rubber and Plastic Waste, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,

1994.

PC 403: Synthetic Polymers and Additives (60 h. and 100 Marks)

Part A Synthetic Polymers (30 h )

Chemistry, Technology of Production, Properties and Applications of

a. Thermoplastic polymers (08 h) Polyester:- PET Polycarbonate Poly(amides) Fluorocarbons (PTFE)

b. Thermosetting polymers (10 h) Silicone - oil, rubber and resin Unsaturated polyesters Polyurethanes

c. Modified polymers (05 h) Poly(vinyl alcohol), Poly(vinyl acetals)

37

14. High performance thermoplastics:- (07 h) PEEK,PPS, PPO, PEAK

Part B Polymer Additives (30 h)

a. Fillers b. Plasticizers c. Antioxidants d. Heat Stabilizers e. Ultraviolet Stabilizers f. Flame Retardants g. Colorants h. Miscellaneous Additives

(lubricants) i. Processing aid material

38

Recommended Books:

1. Encyclopedia of PVC, 2nd Ed., Edited by I Nass, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. 2. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - Kirk and Othemer, Vol.- John Wiley 3. Rubber Chemistry and Technology – Britson 4. Additives for Plastic- Raymond B. Seymour 5. Plastics Materials, J. Brydson, Butterworths 4th Edn., London, 1989 6. Polymer Chemistry - M. P. Stevens, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, 1990. 7. Introduction to Polymer Chemistry - R.B. Seymour, Marcel Dekker, 3rd Ed., (1992) 8. Polymer Science and Technology of Plastics and Rubbers, Premamoy Ghosh, Tata

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1996. 9. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk and Othmer. 10. Plastics Materials, J. Brydson, Butterworths, &th Edn., London, 1999. 11. Organic Polymer Chemistry, V. Jain, IVY Publishing House, New Delhi,

PC 005 : Laboratory Course in Polymer Chemistry- II (Marks-100)

(Minimum 14 practical are necessary)

1. Identification of polymers by flame tests & chemical test 2. Mastication of rubbers using two roll mill. 3. Vulcanization of rubbers using two roll mill. 4. Compression molding of thermoplastics 5. Study of injection molding of thermoplastics 6. Measurement of Tensile strength, Impact strength, Melt flow Index, Hardness,

Flammability. 7. Determination of abrasion resistance 8. NMR studies of polymers. 9. IR studies of polymers 10. Study of extrusion 11. Coating of polymer films 12. Analyzing the coated film ( Gloss, Scratch resistant, flexibility) 13. Determination of K value of PVC. 14. Determination of Chlorine content of PVC. 15. Determination of solvent absorption and equilibrium swelling 16. Viscosity measurement by Brook filed viscometer. 17. Determination of Heat distortion temperature and Vicat Softening Temperature. 18. Determination of static coefficient of friction 19. Determination of Number average molecular weight (VPO) 20. Molecular weight measurement by viscometry. 21. Thermal study of polymers by DTA, TGA, DSC. TMA. 22. Study of Mechanical and Rheological Properties of polymer composites filled with

Nanoparticles using Brabander Plastograph EC.

39

References:

1. Experiments in Polymer Science, D. G. Hundiwale, V. D. Athawale, U. R. Kapadi, V. V. Gite, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.

2. Polymer Chemistry-Practical Approach in Chemistry, F. J. Davis, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004.

3. Polymer Science – V. R. Gowarikar, N. V. Viswanathan, Jayadev Shreedhar, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.

4. Principles of Polymerisation, P. Bahadur, N. V. Sastry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

PC 006: Project Work (Marks-100)

Students are required to work for a specific project under supervision of concerned

faculty member. The allotment of the topic will be done in the initial period of third semester, so

that students can start their work in the third semester itself. Each student is supposed to work for

at least 60 hours for his/her project. At the last he/she has to submit his/her project report and

present the work done at the time of viva voce.

40

Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry (with specialization in Industrial Chemistry)

[w.e.f. June 2011]

Course Structure for Second Year [Semester III and IV]

Semester – III

Course Code : Title Marks

IC 301 : Unit Operations and Processes in Chemical Industries 100

IC 302 : Synthetic Methods in Organic Synthesis 100

IC 303 : Industrial Polymers and Paint Technology 100

IC 304 : Pharmaceutical Chemistry 100

IC 004 : Laboratory Course in Industrial Chemistry – I 100

Semester – IV

Course Code : Title Marks

IC 401 : Applied Industrial Chemistry 100

IC 402 : Agrochemical Industries 100

IC 403 : Pharmaceutical and Clinical Analysis 100

IC 005 : Laboratory Course in Industrial Chemistry – II 100

IC 006* : Project 100

* The projects will be initiated in the beginning of Semester III and the examination will be conducted at the end of Semester IV.

* * * * *

41

Second Year (Semester III)

IC-301: Unit Operations and Processes in Chemical Industries [60 hrs, 100 marks]

1. a) Chemical Industry: Introduction, Chemical production, Raw materials and their

sources. b) Parameters of Chemical Industry: Plant location, Safety, Construction of plant,

Management for productivity and creativity, Training for plant procedure and labor, Chemical process technology, Classification of chemical reactions, Batch and continuous operations, Industrial chemical reactions, Conversion, Selectivity and Yield. [05 hrs]

2. Unit Operations: Introduction, Unit operations- Distillation, Crystallization, Filtration,

Drying of solids, Extraction, Size reduction (crushers, grinders, and mills), Size separations (mechanical and hydraulic separation), etc. [05 hrs]

3 . Unit processes: Introduction, Industrial unit processes- Definition and examples of Alkylation, Amination, Condensation, Cyclisation, Combustion, Cracking and pyrolysis, Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, Diazotization and coupling, Dehydration, Esterification, Hydrolysis, Halogenation, Isomerization, Ion-exchange, Nitration, Sulphonation, Neutralization, Oxidization, Reduction. [03 hrs]

4. Amination by Reduction- Introduction and definition, Methods of reduction, Metal and acid

Reductions, Metal and alkali reductions, Amination by amminolysis, aminating agents, physical and chemical factors affecting aminolysis, manufacture of aniline by reduction of nitrobenzene, p-phenylenediamine, aniline by continuous ammonolysis. [08 hrs]

5. Alkylation- Introduction and types of Alkylation, Alkylating agents, factors controlling

Alkylation, equipment for Alkylation, Alkylation methods for i) Alkyl-aryl sulphonates, ii) Ethylbenzene, iii )Dimethylaniline. [06 hrs]

6. Oxidation- Liquid and vapour phase oxidations, apparatus for Oxidation, technical oxidation

of acetaldehyde, iso-propyl alcohol, naphthalene, and naphthalene sulphonic acid. [06hrs] 7. Esterification of hydrolysis- Esterification of organic acids and derivatives, esters by addition

to unsaturated systems, interesterification of lard, technical preparation of ethyl acetate, cellulose acetate, nitroglycerol, polyethyl ether. [06 hrs]

8. Hydrogenation- Catalytic hydrogenation, Apparatus, Industrial processes, Hydrogenation of

42

fatty oils, Synthesis of methanol, [05 hrs] 9. Nitration : Introduction, Nitrating reagents, Aromatic nitration, Nitration of paraffinic

hydrocarbons, nitrate esters, N-nitrocompounds,. process equipment for technical nitration, Mixed acid nitration, Typical Industrial nitration processes. [08 hrs]

10. Sulfonation and Sulfation: Introduction, sulfonating and sulfating reagents and their principle

applications. Chemical and physical features in sulfonation and sulfation, mechanisms, The desulfonation reaction, Working up procedures, Industrial equipment and techniques, Transition from batch to continuous processing. [08 hrs]

References: 1. Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis- P. H. Groggins 2. Out line of Chemical Industries- Dryden 3. Chemical Process Industries- B. Shreeve. 4. Comprehensive Industrial Chemistry- P. G .More

* * * * * IC-302: Synthetic Methods in Organic Synthesis

[60 hrs, 100 marks] 1. Organic Name Reactions: [06 hrs]

Suzuki Coupling, Wittig-Horner Reaction, Sonogashira Coupling, Rosenmund Reduction, Pechmann Condensation, Olefin Metathesis, Knoevenagel Condensation, Heck Reaction, Diazotization.

2. Advanced Synthetic Reagents: [05 hrs] Aluminium Isopropoxide, Lewis acids, Diisobutylaluminium hydride, PPA, Ziegler-Natta Catalyst, PdCl2, MnO2, Organo- Metallic Reagents.

3. Catalysis: [05 hrs] Introduction, Principles, Types, Homogeneous & Heterogeneous catalysis, Catalytical hydrogenation.

4. a) Natural Products: [10 hrs] Chemistry of natural products such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenes. Total Synthesis of Cholesterol (Woodward Synthesis), Prostaglandin F2-alpha (Corey Synthesis). b) Isolation of Natural Products of Commercial Importance: Methods of Isolation of Natural Products, Isolation of Nicotine form tobacco waste, Citral form lemon grass, extraction of Neem oil and eucalyptus oil.

5. Heterocyclic Chemistry: [06 hrs] Synthesis and reactions of Pyridine (Hantzsch Synthesis), Quinoline (Bischler-Napieralski Synthesis), Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene (Paal- Knorr Synthesis), Benzofuran, Indole (Fischer), Imidazole.

6. Designing Organic Synthesis: [08 hrs] Common terms used in retro synthetic analysis, One group disconnections, Two group disconnections, Illogical two group disconnections. [06 hrs]

43

7. a) Hazardous in Industries- Chemical and Process Hazards: Toxicity, Flammability,

Corrosivity, Explosion, Ignition, Pressure, Temperature, Noise, Industrial safety, Hazardous Waste and Management. [06 hrs] 8. Green Chemistry – Introduction, Principles, Scope and Significance,

Environmentally benign approaches: Sonochemistry, Polymer supported reactions, Microwave mediated reactions, Solvent free and solid supported reactions, Reactions in water medium and ionic liquids. [08 hrs]

References: 1 Advance Organic Chemistry - Jerry March. 2 Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis- W. Carruthers & I. Coldham. 3 Designing Organic Synthesis- Stuart Warren. 4 Modern Synthetic Reagents- H. O. House. 5 Organic Chemistry- H. Pine 6 Organic Chemistry- Morrison and Boyd. 7 Reaction Mechanism and Reagents in Organic Chemistry- G. R. Chatwal 8 Green Chemistry: Theory & Practice P. T. Anastas & J. C. Warner 9 Green Chemistry : Frontiers in Benign

Chemical Synthesis P. T. Anastas and T. C.

Williamson

10. Organic Synthesis: Special Techniques V. K. Ahluwalia and Renu

Aggarwal

* * * * * IC 303 : Industrial Polymers and Paint Technology

[60 hrs.

Marks-100]

Part A: Industrial Polymers 1. Basic Concepts of Polymers [04

hrs] History, Trends, and General Polymer Background, Concept of functionality and reactivity, Degree of polymerization.

2. Techniques of Polymerization [05 hrs]

Bulk, Solution, Emulsion, Suspension and Interfacial polymerization.

44

3. Chemistry, Technology of Production, Properties and Applications of Chain

growth polymers

[12 hrs]

Polyolefins (PE, PP & PIB) Aacrylics (PMMA, PAN) Polyvinyles (PVC, PVDC, CPVC), Polystyrene & copolymer (SBR, SAN, ABS) Poly(vinyl acetate) 4. Chemistry, Technology of Production, Properties and Applications of Step

growth polymers:

[09 hrs]

a. Phenol formaldehyde (PF- Novolak and resol) b. Urea formaldehyde (UF) c. Melamine formaldehyde(MF) d. Epoxy Resins and curing Agents e. Polyamides:- Nylon-6, Nylon-6,6

Part B: Paint Technology [30 hrs]

a. Basics of paints - Definitions of paints, pigments, varnishes, lacquers, Anatomy of paints, functions & requirements of constituents of paints, classification of paints on the basis of order of application/ methods of curing / nature of solvent/ uses etc.

b. Introduction to the concept of paint - of color, tinting strength, reducing power classification of pigments, pigments properties-oil absorption, refractive index, particle size shape, bleeding, resistance to light and heat.

c. Manufacture of paints – Ball mill, triple roll mill, bead mill, titrator, high

speed and heavy-duty disperser.

Recommended Books:

1. Polymer Chemistry - M. P. Stevens, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, 1990. 2. Poly. Synthesis - Stanley R. Sandler, Wolf Karo, Vol. 1, Academic Press, Inc.,

California, 1994. 3. Introduction to Polymer Chemistry - R.B. Seymour, Marcel Dekker, 3rd Ed., (1992) 4. Polymer Chemistry-properties and applications, Andrew Peacock, Allison Calhoun,

Hanser Publishers, Munich, 2006. 5. Polymer Science and Technology of Plastics and Rubbers, Premamoy Ghosh, Tata

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1996. 6. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Kirk and Othmer. 7. Plastics Materials, J. Brydson, Butterworths, &th Edn., London, 1999.

45

8. Polymer Chemistry, Ayodhya Singh, Campus Books, 2006. 9. Organic Polymer Chemistry, V. Jain, IVY Publishing House, New Delhi, 10. Outlines of Paint Technology, W. M Morgan 3rd edn CBS Publishers. 11. Paints, Coatings and solvents, Dieter Stoye, Werner Freitag, Wiley VCH Pub.

* * * * *

IC-304: Pharmaceutical Chemistry [60 hrs, 100 marks]

I) Introduction to pharmaceutical chemistry – Brief history, Drugs, Classification of

drugs, Characteristic of good drugs, Therapeutic index, Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic drugs. Biological and Medical terms used in pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacon, Receptor, Affinity, Intrinsic activity, Bio-isosters, chemotherapy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics [10 hrs]

II) Theories of drugs action, Relation of chemical structure and chemical reactivity (SAR & QSAR), Assay of drugs, Metabolism of drugs, Mode of action, Meaning of following terms with examples- Antipyretics, Analgesics, Anti inflammatory drugs, Antidibetes, Leprosy, Antacids, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Cardiovascular drugs, Anthelmintics, Antibiotics, vitamins, hormones Chemical contraceptives. [12 hrs]

III) Cancer therapy: - Nature of cancer, terminology, theories of cancers, Causes and treatment of cancer, surgery, photoratiation, radiation, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, combination therapy, adjurent therapy. Antineoplastic drugs: mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, 5-flurouracil, allopurinol, metholrexate. Alkylating agents. DNA inter calcating agents, effect of alkylating agents on DNA. Antimitotic agents. Other compounds. [10 hrs]

IV) Anti-AIDS : - Introduction, Mechanism of HIV multiplication, Pathogenicity of HIV diagnosis- ELISA Anti AIDS drugs, transmission and preventation of HIV. [06 hrs]

IV) Vaccine and Antisera: Types of Vaccine, Antisera – Antibody, Antibacterial, Antiviral sera [02 hrs]

V) a) Synthesis of following drugs: Ibuprofen, Lapinone, Phenyramidol, Dapsone, Adrenaline Prazasin, Methyldopa, Santonin,Benzocane, Methyprylon. Solapsone, Tolbutamide b) Detail Industrial manufacturing processes: Caffeine, Camphor, Chloramphenicol,Niacinamide , Aspirin. c) Formulation of Drugs VI) Vitamins: Types of Vitamins, Synthesis of Vitamin A, E and H. [08 hrs] References: 1. Medicinal Chemistry G. R. Chatwal. 2. Principles of medicinal chemistry (4th edition) W.D. Foye, T.L. Lemke, and

46

D. A. Williams. 3. Organic chemistry of drug action and design R. B. Siwerman 4. Synthetic Drug G. R. Chatwal. 5. Handbook of Industrial Chemicals (Vol.-I) K. M. Shah 6. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry Vol. I, S. S. Kadam & K.G.Bothara 7. A Text Book of Medicinal Chemistry P. Parimo 8. A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Formulations. B. M. Mittal

* * * * *

IC- 004: Project [100 marks]

The small research projects in groups of maximum two students are given under

the supervision of faculty members. Individual student may also carry out project work under the guidance of his supervisor. The project work may include the industry sponsored small research project and or the research work proposed by supervisors.

* * * * *

IC-005: Laboratory Course in Industrial Chemistry- I

[90 hrs, 100 marks] I spectroscopy To design correct structure on the basis of given PMR and IR spectral

data. II Synthesis a) Inorganic preparations and analysis (any three) Zinc sulphate, Calcium carbonate, Ferrous sulphate, Boric acid, Zinc stearate, Plaster of Paris. b) Organic one step preparations (any three) i) Preparation of benzoic acid by nitric acid oxidation ii) Preparation of benzoic acid by Kmno4\

iii) Preparation of phenyl hydroxyl amine iv) Preparation of P-nitroanilide by nitration v) Preparation of anisole from phenol using DMS or methyl iodide c) Organic two steps preparations (any three) i. Acetanilide – p-Bromoacetanilide – p-Bromoaniline ii. Phenyl hydrazine – Acetophenone phenyl hydrazine – 2-Phenyl indole

iii. Acetophenone – Acetophenone oxime – Acetanilide iv. Cyclohexanone – Cyclohexanone oxime – Caprolactum v. Aniline – Diazoaminobenzene – p-Aminoazobenzene

vi. Benzophenone – Benzpinacol – Benzopinacolone d) Drug Preparation (any two) Preparation of methyl salicylate, benzimidazole, sulphanilic acid, aspirin III) Analysis of drugs (any five)

47

a) Sulpha drugs- Sulphadiazine, Sulphaoxazole, Sulphaacetamide b) APC tablet, c) Iodometric assay- Analigl, Acetarsol. d) Gravimetric analysis- Piperazine adipate/hydrate/ Phosphate e) Phenol estimation- Cyclobarbitone tablets f) Determination of Water by KF method- Rifamycin Sodium, g) Spectroscopic analysis of drugs- UV- Visible/ IR/ NMR.

IV) Analysis of Water (any four ) i) Determination of DO, SS, Hardness, BOD, COD. ii) Estimation of Chlorine and heavy metals by chemicals as well as instruments.

V) Estimation of functional groups (any two) -COOH, -OH, -NH2, -CHO, R-CO-R’, Ar-OH.

References: 1. A textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry – A. I. Vogel – ELBS with Longman,

5th Ed. (1989) 2. Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry- R. K. Bansal – Wiley Eastern 3rd Ed.,

(1994) 3. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry – N. K. Vishnoi- Vikas 2nd, (1996) 4. Application of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds- J. R. Dyer –

Prentice Hall 5. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry – D .H. Williams ad I Flemming –

Mcgraw Hill, 4th Ed., (1989) 6. Organic Spectroscopy- P. S. Kalsi 7. Instrumental Methods of Analysis – Chattawal and Anand 8. Chemical Technology – Dryden 9. Chemical Technology – Shah and Pandey 10. Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis- P. H. Groggins 11. Synthetic Drugs- G .R. Chatwal 12. Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis- Ashutosh Kar.

* * * * *

48

Second Year (Semester IV)

IC-401: Applied Industrial Chemistry [60 hrs, 100 marks]

1. Dyes Industries: Introduction, Classification of Dyes, Colour and Contribution – Valence Bond Theory, M. O. Theory, Witt’s Theory, Synthesis of Fast Red A,

Naphthol Blue Black 6B, Naphthol Green B, Rosaniline, Alizarin pyronene- G. [04 hrs]

2. Oils and Oleochemicals Industries: Introduction, Properties and classification of oils, extraction and purification of oils; Fatty acids- Introduction, nomenclature and applications of fatty acids; Soap- Introduction, classification, uses and manufacturing process of soap(s), Manufacture of detergents. [10 hrs]

3. Cosmetics and perfumery Industries: Introduction, manufacturing process of powder, cream

and lotion, lipstick and nail polish, shampoo and hair dyes, tooth paste. [08 hrs] 4. Perfumery: Compounds used for different perfumes, Essential oils, Preparation of phenyl

ethanol, Yara-Yara, β-ionone, musk ketone, musk ambrette, musk xylene, phenyl acetic acid and its’ esters, benzyl acetate, synthetic musk, jasmine. [08 hrs]

5. Fermentation Industries: Introduction, Outline of Fermentation, Basic requirement of Fermentation, Manufacture of chloramphenicol, acetic acid, butanol, ethyl acetate, oxalic acid and citric acid. [08 hrs]

6. a) Petrochemicals: Petroleum refining, outline of chemicals derived from ethylene, xylene

and naphthalene. 7. b) Biofuels: Introduction, Types of biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel), Raw materials for

synthesis of biofuels, Properties of biofuels, biofuels and environment, biofuels and economic, standard specification of biofuels uses of biofuels, Modification of vegetables of oils as biodiesel. [08 hrs]

8. High Energy Materials (HEMs)- Introduction, Explosives, Propellants and Energetic polymers, Classification of Explosives, Methods of Characterization of HEMs (Physical/ Structural/ Thermal/ Explosives properties), examples RDX, HMX, Azide compounds, Imidazole compounds, Nitramines, Nitric esters, Thermally stable and insensitive explosives. [06 hrs]

References: 1. Chemical Process Industries – Shrieves 2. Chemical Technology – Dryden 3. Chemical Technology – Shah and Pandey 4. Synthetic Dyes – G. R. Chatwal

49

5. Organic Chemistry Vol. III – S. M. Mukharji, S. P. Singh, R P. Kapoor 6. Paint Technology – Morgan 7. Plants Oils as fuels: Present Science and Future Developments- N. Martini and J. S. Sebeli 8. Biofuels: Air Pollution and Health- K. R. Smith 9. Biofuels and Industrial Products from Jatropha- M. Mittelbach 10. Formulary of Cosmetic Preparations – M. Ash and I. Ash. 11. Formulary of Paints and Other Coatings – M. Ash and I. Ash. 12. Perfumery Technology- B. Billot and F. V. Wells 13. High Energy Materials, Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics- Jai Prakash Agrawal.

* * * * * IC-402: Agrochemicals Industries

[60 hrs, 100 marks]

1. Agrochemicals – Introduction, Classification, Role of agrochemicals in agriculture. Pesticides- Classification, Nomenclature, formulation, toxicity, Principles of pest control,

IPM. [08 hrs] 2. Chemistry of Pesticides: Introduction to biological classes of pesticides, Structure, Chemical name, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Synthesis, Degradation and metabolism, Formulations, Mode of action, Uses, Toxicity. a) Insecticides: Cypermethrin, Phorate, Propoxur. b) Acaricides: Dichlorvos, Phosphamidon, c) Fungicides: Captan, Copper oxy chloride, d) Rodenticides: Warfarin, Zinc Phosphide. e) Nematicides: Aldicarb, Terbifos. f) Fumigants: Ethylene dibromide, Methyl bromide. g) Repellants (DEET) and attractants. h) Molluscicides: Metaldehyde i) Herbicides (2, 4-D, Dicamba, Propanil, Maleic hydrazide) and Plant growth regulators Chloramequat chloride, Daminozide, Ethephone, IAA). [20 hrs] 3) Manufacturing processes of some pesticides: Lindane (BHC), Dimethyl phthalate, Parathion, Phorate, Ethylene oxide, 2, 4-D, Copper sulphate. [02 hrs] 4) Pesticide formulations- Introduction, a.i., Inert ingredients, Necessity of formulations, a) Dry formulations – Diluents, Carriers, Important properties/ factors affecting quality and stability of pesticides formulations- particle size, bulk density, flowability, sorptivity, compatibility, Synergists, adjuvants; Stability and shelf life of formulations. Dusts (D/DP), Granules (G), Wettable powders (WP/WDP), Manufacturing processes. b) Liquid formulations – Solution/ oil Concentrates, Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC), Solvents, Adjuants, factors affecting quality and stability and shelf life of formulations. c) Other formulations – Fumigants, Smoke generators, Liquidators, Oils, creams and gels, Bait, Seed dressings, Aerosols, ULV. d) Advanced formulations – User friendly/ Safe and high performance formulations,

50

i) Aqueous concentrates (AC), ii) Dustless Dusts (DL), Microgranules (MG), iii)Emulsion Concentrates (EW), Microemulsion (ME), Gels (GL), iv) Suspension

Concentrates/ Flowables (SC/ SF), Water Ddispersible Granules (WDG) or Dry Flowables (DF), Water soluble package, v) Controlled Release Formulations (CRF), Encapsulated Granules (CG), vi) Suspo- Emulsions /Emulsions Flowables (SE), Capsule Suspension (CS), β- cylcodextrin (CD) inclusion complexes, Ultra low volumes (ULV), Next Generation Formulations (NGF). [18 hrs]

5) Fertilizers- Introduction, Classification, Principles and methods of fertilizers applications. Synthetic fertilizers- Introduction, Manufacture and uses of nitrogenous fertilizers- Urea, Phosphatic fertilizers- triple super phosphate, Potassic fertilizers- potassium chloride, Complex /compound fertilizers- nitro phosphate, Mixed fertilizers – method of preparation and formulation. Fluid fertilizers- Introduction, Manufacturing of nitrogenous and mixed fluids. [12 hrs] References: 1. Chemistry of Insecticides & Fungicides – U. S. Sree Ramulu 2. Pesticides Formulations – Van Wade. Velkenburg. 3. Agrobased Industries & Pesticides formulations – S. B. Shrivastava & V. K. Agrawal 4. Analytical Methods of Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators and Food Additives

Vol. I –IV – Gunter and Zweig 5. Pesticides Synthesis – Mavy, Kohn, Menn. 6. Outlines of Chemical Technology – C. E. Dryden 7. Manures and Fertilizers – K. S. Yawalkar, J. P. Agrawal, s. Bokde 8. Fluid Fertilizers – D. A. Palgrave 9. Commercial Fertilizers – G. H. Collings.

* * * * *

IC-403: Pharmaceutical and Clinical Analysis

[60 hrs, 100 marks]

1. DEFINATION AND INTRODUCTIONOF DRUGS Introduction to drug act, Drug rules (Schedules), FLA.

[02 hrs.]

2. SOURCE OF IMPURITIES IN PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMICALS Raw materials, Methods of manufacture, Reagent, Solvents, Atmospheric contaminators, Microbial contaminators, Manufacturing and storage effect on drugs.

[06 hrs.]

3. STANDERIZATION OF FINISHED PRODUCTS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION.

[06 hrs.]

4. OFFICIAL METHODES OF CONTROL. Monographs and their criteria, Preparation, Test procedure, limit

[08 hrs.]

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tests. Dissolution test, Alkaloids assay, Raw materials analysis, Aqueous and nonaqueous titrations.

5. INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS. Processes used in different pharmaceuticals formulation, outline of pharmaceuticals.

[08 hrs. ]

6. EVALUATION. , STNDERIZATION AND QUALITY CONTROL. Tablets, Capsules, Powders, Solution, Suspension, Emulsion, Aerosols, Ointments, Injection and infusions, Eye preparation and blood product.

[10 hrs.]

7. STANDARD SPECIFICATION Pharmacopoeia specification, Stability studies and expiry date fixation.

[10 hrs.]

8. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS An overview- chemical, Pharmalogical and therapeutic classification, Some examples of recent drugs.

[10 hrs.]

9. References: 1) Pharmacopoeia of India. 2) British Pharmacopoeia. 3) United State Pharmacopoeia

* * * * * IC-006 Laboratory Course in Industrial Chemistry- I

[90 hrs, 100 marks] I) Spectroscopy – Interpretation of given PMR and IR spectra. II) Synthesis

i. Preparation of agrochemicals (any five) 1-/2- Naphthoxy acetic acid, 2- Chlorophenoxy acetic acid, Maleic hydrazide, Phthallyl hydrazide, Dimethyl phthalate, Coumarin.

ii. Prepartion of dyes (any three) Sudan- I, Yellow chrome, Orange chrome, Prussian blue.

c) Organic two steps preparations (any three) i. Benzoin – Benzil – Benzilic acid ii. Acetanilide – p-Nitroacetanilide – p-Nitroaniline iii. p-Nitrotoluene – p-Nitrobenzoic acid – p-Aminobenzoic acid iv. o-Hydroxyacetophenone – o-Benzoyloxy acetophenone – o-Hydroxy benzoyl methane v. p-Toluidine – 4-Acetomido-3-bromotoluene – 4-Bromotoluene vi. p-Nitrotoluene – p-Nitrobenzylidine diacetate – p-Nitrobenzaldehyde d) Preparation and characterization of polymers and paints (any three)

i) Preparation of Urea formaldehyde resin ii) Preparation of Phenol formaldehyde resin – novolak and resol iii) Preparation of alkyd resin iv) Preparation of epoxy resin v) Preparation of varnish

52

vi) Formulation of distemper, primer, undercoat and topcoat vii) Characterization of surface coating viscosity, gloss, impact resistance, cross cut

adhesion, scratch resistance vii) Preparation of nylon 66.

III) Analysis of Agrochemicals (any three) Copper sulphate, Copper oxy chloride, Bleaching powder, Phosphamidon, Nuvan, Lindane. IV) Analysis of polymers and oils (any three)

i) Determination of iodine/ acid/ Sap values. ii) Estimation of FFA of oils. V) Analysis of Soap(s). VI) Use of Reagents in Organic Synthesis Reagents (any three)

LiAlH4, NaBH4, SeO2, B2H6, Grignard reagent, Lead tetra acetate, KMnO4, DMS or alkyl halide, NaIO4, PPA, AlCl3, DMF/POCl3.

References:

1. Methods of pesticides analysis- U. S. Sree Ramulu, Oxford- IBH 2. Pesticide Plant Regulators and Food Additives, Vol I to IV- Gunter Zweig-

Academic press. 3. A textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry – A. I. Vogel – ELBS with Longman,

5th Ed. (1989) 4. Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry- R. K. Bansal – Wiley Eastern 3rd Ed.,

(1994) 5. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry – N. K. Vishnoi- Vikas 2nd, (1996) 6. Application of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds- J. R. Dyer –

Prentice Hall 7. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry – D .H. Williams ad I Flemming –

Mcgraw Hill, 4th Ed., (1989) 8. Environmental Chemistry – A. K. De 9. Organic Chemistry- P. S. Kalsi 10. Instrumental Methods of Analysis – Chattawal and Anand 11. Chemical Technology – Dryden 12. Chemical Technology – shah and Pandey 13. Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis- P. H. Groggins 14. Synthetic Dyes- G. R. Chatwal 15. Paint Technology – Morgan. 16. Experiments in Polymer Science, D. G. Hundiwale, V. D. Athawale, U. R.

Kapadi, V. V. Gite, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.

* * * * *

53

NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY, JALGAON

Syllabus for M.Sc. Chemistry (with specialization in Pesticides and Agrochemicals)

Semester (III to IV)

(With Effect from June 2011)

Course Structure for Second Year Semester - III Sub.Code : Title AC 301 : Pest & Pest Management AC 302 : Pesticides Synthesis-I AC 303 : Pesticide Formulations AC 304 : Advanced Agrochemicals, Biopesticides and Fertilizers Practical Course AC 004 : Laboratory Course in Pesticides and Agrochemicals -I Semester - IV Sub.Code : Title AC 401 : Pesticide Biochemistry, Toxicology & Residue Analysis AC 402 : Pesticide Synthesis-II AC 403 : Herbicides & Plant Growth Regulators. Project and Practical Course AC 005 : Laboratory Course in Pesticides and Agrochemicals –II AC 006 : Project Educational Tour : Organizing Educational Tour aiming at giving practical exposure to second year students is expected (at their own cost) In-plant Training : Students are expected to undergo one month practical training

(at their own cost) in relevant industries. The said training is proposed after II/III semester.

Field Visits : Organizing field visits for Collection, identification of different pests to

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study about nature of damage and their management. SEMESTER III AC 301 : Pest & Pest Management : (60 hrs. and 100 marks)

1. Definition, importance & general classification of agrochemicals. Classification of pesticides on chemical nature and according to target species, mode of action. (6 hrs.)

2. Definition of insect and classification of insects (orders) (6 hrs.)

3. Introduction, classification of pests. Damage economic threshold level Life cycle, morphology, nature of damage and management of following pests

a. Public health pests, mosquitoes, houseflies etc b. Agricultural pests- Boll worms, sucking pests, nematodes, grasshoppers etc c. Domestic pests- Bed bugs, cockroaches etc. d. Animal husbandry pests- Stable flies, horn flies etc. e. Structural Pest – termites and wood borers (10 hrs.) 4. Plant pests –weeds, bacteria, molluscs, fungi, Viruses, birds, mites, nematodes,

insects, vermins, orthopods, plant pathogens, causes of outbreak of pest, growth & development. Insect pest control- Principle, practices. (6 hrs.)

5. Concept of insect pest- definition, classification, morphology & internal systems (6 hrs.)

6. Methods of pest controls – Classification: Natural & applied control [Physical, mechanical, cultural, biological, genetic, regulatory, chemical controls] Integrated pest management. (4 hrs.)

7. Crop pests- Pests of grams, banana, sorghum, cotton, groundnut, tomato, and sugar cane: Nature of damage & pest management. (8 hrs.)

8. Plant diseases- definition, concept, classification of diseases, symptoms, plant parts, occurrence, spread – diseases of wheat, banana, groundnut, cotton, citrus, papaya. (6 hrs.)

9. Herbs/Weeds- definition, classification, life cycle, methods of weed control- Physical, cultural, biological, mechanical, chemical (4 hrs.)

10. Pesticides (Insecticide) act & industry- role, shape, names and details. (4 hrs.)

Recommended Books 1. Principles and procedures of plant protection - S.B.Chattopadhyay,

Oxford-IBH

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2. Agricultural insect pests of the crops and their control-D.S.Hill, Cambridge Univ. Press

3. Agricultural pests of India and south East Asia - A. S. Atwal 4. Insect pest of crops - S.Pradhan, National Book trust 5. Insect pest management - Devid Dent, CAB International 6. Insect pest and their control- J W.Evans, Samir Book centre 7. All about weed control - S. Subramanian, Kalyani 8. Agricultural pests - biology and control measures - B.M.Deore and

T.B.Nikam 9. Fungi and plant diseases - B.B.Mundkur. MacMillan 10. Plant diseases - R. S. Singh, Oxford – IBH 11. Plant diseases - R.S.Mathur National book trust 12. Fundamentals of Plant Pest Control- D.A. Roberts

AC-302 : Pesticides Synthesis (60 hrs. and 100 marks) 1 Synthetic Organic Chemistry - Retrosynthetic approach, synthone approaches, types of disconnections. Retrosynthesis of Agrochemicals. (30 hrs.) 2. Introduction: History of pesticides, innovation of pesticides chemistry, development of pesticides. (4 hrs.) 3. Chemistry of Pesticides: Brief introduction to classes of pesticides, structure, chemical name, physical properties, chemical properties, synthesis, degradation, metabolism, formulations, mode of action, uses, toxicity (acute and chronic toxicity in mammals, birds, aquatic species etc.), methods of analysis. Insecticides: Acephate, Bifentrin, Buprofezin, Cartap hydrochloride, Chlorpyriphos, Decamethrin, Dimethoate, Endosulfan, Fenvalerate, Imadichloprid, Indoxacarb, Methomyl, Monocrotophos, Parathion-methyl, Propoxur, Pyrethrin, Quinolphos, Temephos, Thiamethoxam,. (22 hrs.) 4. Manufacturing processes of some pesticides: Lindane (BHC), DDT, Parathion, Phorate. (4 hrs.)

Recommended Books 1. Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides - U.S.Shree Ramulu Oxford & IBH Pub., 2nd (1995)

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2. Pesticide Synthesis- P.S.Marg, G.K.Kohn, J.J.Menn 3. Chemical Weekly's Agrochemicals Dietionary 4. Handbook of Systemic Fungicides Vol- I,II,III - S.C.Vyas 5. Analytical Methods for Pesticides, Plant growth regulators & food additives. Vol.,I-IV Ed. By Gunter Zweig. 6. The Agrochemical Handbook - Royal :Society, England 7. Pesticide Science and Biotechnology - R. Greenhalgh and T.R.Roberts 8. Outlines of Chemical Technology - C.E.Dryden, Ed. by M.Gopal 9. Principles of Pesticide Chemistry- S. K .Handa, Ed. By Agrobios (India) 10. Pesticides- Ed. G.S. Dhaliwal and B. Singh 11.Pesticides in India- Recent facts and figure- R & D section, Yawalkar Pesticides, Nagpur (Agri-Horticulture, Nagpur) . 12.Chemistry of Pesticides - N. N. Melinkov, Springer. 13. Pesticides: preparation and mode of action- Cremlyn Dekker. AC 303: Pesticides Formulations (60 hrs. and 100 marks) 1. Introduction : Definition, purpose of formulation, brief account & types- synergists

and adjuvants used in formulations. (4 hrs.) 2. Conventional formulations – Design of commercial formulations according to application a) Dry formulations: i) diluents and carriers used in Pesticide industry and their role. Important properties affecting quality of pesticides - particle size, bulk density, flowability, electrostastic charge, sorptivity, compatibility, surface acidity, alkalinity and their effects on stability and shelf life of formulation. ii) Study of Dry Formulations - dusts (DP), granules (G), wettable and flowable powders (WP/WDP) with respect to advantages, important properties required, additives used, their functions, manufacturing processes. (10 hrs.) b) Liquid formulations – Introduction to surface chemistry, true solutions, colloidal solutions and suspentions. Brief account of solution & oil concentrates, Emulsifiable

57

concentrates (EC)- introduction, advantages, adjuvants used, their functions, factors affecting stability, Manufacturing processes. (10 hrs.) c) Brief account of ULVs, aerosol, smoke generators, foams, fumigants, seed dressing and bait formulations. (4 hrs.) 3. Environmental and user friendly formulation- new generation formulation: Introduction, advantages i) Suspension concentrates (SC) - adjuvants, their role and manufacturing process. ii) controlled release formulations (CR)- importance, advantages, preparation of various types of CR, chemically bound, micro encapsulated (coacervation, interfacial polymerization, air suspension coating, molecular complex formation, centrifugal extrusion, spray drying), matrix encapsulation, hollow fibers, laminate systems iii) Brief account of water dispersible granules (WG), Dry flowables (DF), Emulsion concentrate (EW), suspoemulsions (SE) Micro Emulsions (ME) Emulsifier/surfactant screening for formulations. (12 hrs.) 4. Equipment used in preparation of formulations.- Air jet mill, extruders, granulators, sand mill etc. (2 h5. Tests for quality control - A brief introduction on Specifications of Pesticide technical and formulations (WHO/FAO/BIS) Methods of analysis of Physical properties of formulations- Suspensibility, wettability, Emulsion stability, wet sieve test, acidity, alkalinity, moisture content, Flash Point, Specific gravity, Persistent foaming, water run off test, dry sieve test etc. (10 hrs.) 6. Packaging of pesticide products - Brief introduction on packaging material used to pack pesticides (technical and formulation) like Dust, EC, SC, WP, WDG). (4 hrs.) 7. Application of Pesticides and devices used – Dusters and sprayers, types of nozzles. Calculation of amount of formulation required for field application. (4 hrs.) Recommended Books

1. Pesticide Formulations - Van Wade. Velkenburg- Marcel & Delker, 1973. 2. Agrobases industries & pesticide formulations - S.B. Shrivastava & V.K.Agrawal

- Small Business Pub.

3. Pesticicle formulations & Agrobased, chemical, food & paper product. – R.K.Goel & R.K.Gupta - Small Business Pub.

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4. Pesticide formulation- recent development and their application in developing countries- by Wade Van Valkenburg, B. Sugavanam, Sushil K. Khetan, UNIDO, 1998 5. Manual for pesticides users- SaliI singhal - Pesticides Association of India. 6. Advances in pesticides formuhation technology - H.B.Scher ASC No. - 254. 7. Pesticide chemistry vol. IV - Miyamoto - pergamon. 8.Chemistry of plant protection vol. 6, Springer Verlag: M Bahadir and G. Pfister. 9. B. Cross and H.B. Scher Pesticides formulations, ACS symposium series 371, 1987. web link http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y4353e/y4353e00.htm Link for fao specifications of formulations of different pesticides http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/pm/jmps/ps/en/ CIPAC volume F, at the bottom contact address is given for purchase of the CIPAC volumes) AC 304: Advanced Agrochemicals, Biopesticides and Fertilizers (60 h and 100 marks)

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1. Botanicals and biopesticides - Introduction a) Potential pesticidal plants of India (Azadirachtin, Rotenone, Pyrethrins) b) Plant extraction and Bio-organisms - use and potential (5 hrs.) 2. Biological pest control- Use of predators (lady bird beetle, crysopa) and parasites (Trichogramma) in insect control, pathogens in disease and insect control (Bacillus thuringiensis, NPV). (6 hrs.) 3. Chemosterilants (Antu, Apholate, Tepa). (3 hrs.) 4. Pheromones and attractants – Introduction, types and application (Trimedlure, Cue-lure, methyl eugenol). (8 hrs.) 5. Insect Growth Regulators – Definition, types, Mode of action and role in pest management Natural and synthetic Juvenile hormones (JH) - JH- I,II,III, Methoprene, Fenoxycarb) Chitin synthesis inhibitors – Novaluron, Buprofezin Moulting Hormone Agonists – Halofenozide, Tebufenozide Moulting Hormones – A-Ecdysone, Ecdysterone Moulting Inhibitors - Diofenolan Precocenes – I, II, III. (20 hrs.) A) Biotechnolo

gy in Pest Management Brief Introduction, BT methodology, Genetically modified and transgenic plants. (6 hrs.) B) Fluid

fertilizes – Brief introduction, Methods of fertilizer applications, fertigation,Types of fluid fertilizers, properties, characteristics, criteria of application. (6 hrs.)

C) Biofertilizers – Introduction, definition, classification, Rhizobium, Azatobactor, Azospirillium , Azolla, Blue Green Algae, VAM, Vermicomposting. (6 hrs.)

Recommended Books 1. Botanicals and Biopesticides - Ed. B. S. Parmar and C. Devakumar 2. Pesticides - Ed. G. S. Dhaliwal and B. Singh. . 3. Biological Insect Pest Suppression - H.C. Coppel and J.W. Mertins (Springer Verlag) 4. Biological Pest Control- N.W. Hussey and N. Scopes 5. Safer Pesticides - E. Hodgson and R.J. Kuher (Dekker)

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6. Insects Sex Pheromones- M. Jacobson 7. Biochemical Insect Control- M.S. Quraishi 8. Principles of Pesticide Chemistry - S. K. Handa, Ed. By Agrobios (India) AC 004* : Laboratory Course in Pesticides & Agrochemicals – I (Marks-100) (Minimum 16 practicals are necessary) I. Spectroscopic Characterization

Identification of organic compounds and pesticides on the basis of given UV, IR, PMR and Mass data.

II. Synthesis of pesticides/ analogs

1. Phenyl benzoate. 2. Acetanilide 3. p-Bromoacetanilide 4. p-Bromoaniline 5. Benzanilide.. 6. N,N-Diphenyl benzanilide 7. Phthalimide III. Pesticides analysis

1. Determination of bulk density of pesticidal WP/WDG/Dust/SP. 2. Determination of wettability of pesticidal WP/WDG/Dust/SP. 3. Performing wet sieve test of pesticidal WP/WDG/Dust/SP. 4. Determination of Suspensibility of pesticide formulation WP/WDG//SC. 5. Preparation of granules/WDG formulation. 6. Preparation of WP formulation. 7. Volumetric determination of acidity/ alkalinity of WP. 8. Preparation of EC formulation. 9. Preparation of SC formulation. 10. Optimization of emulsifier ratio for formulation of given pesticide. . 11. Determination of stability of emulsion. 12. Estimation of available chlorine in bleaching powder. 13. Estimation of technical Lindane by hydrolysable chlorine method. 14. Estimation of Endosulphan in a given formulation. 15. Estimation of Malathion content in a given sample. 16. Colorimetric estimation of Parathion. 17. Estimation of Phorate in a given formulation. 18. Determination of Quinolphos content.

IV Collection, identification and classification of different insect pests- study about nature of damage and their management. (Field Visits). V. Rearing of – Spodoptera Litura / Helothis amigera / Red cotton bug.

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Recommended Books 1. Methods of Pesticides analysis - U.S.Sree Ramulu, Oxford-IBH 2. Pesticides, Plant Growth Regulators and Food Additives, Vol I to IV - Gunter Zweig – Academic press 3. A textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry - A.I.Vogel- ELBS with Longman, 5th Ed., (1989) 4. Laboratory manual of Organic Chemistry - R.K.Bansal- Wiley Eastern 3rd Ed., (1994) 5. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry - N.K.Vishnoi - Vikas 2nd (1996) 6. Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds- J.R.Dyer - Prentice Hall 7. Spectroscopic methods in Organic Chemistry - D.H.Williams & I.Flemming - McGraw Hill , 4th Ed., (1989) Semester – IV

AC 401: Biochemistry and Toxicology of Pesticides (60 hrs. and 100 marks)

1. Pesticide Biochemistry: a) Penetration - Mode of entry of pesticide. b) Distribution - transfer within the organism, distribution, methodology. c) Metabolism - biochemistry and physiological significance, microsomal and extra microsomal

metabolism, metabolism of organo chlorinated, organophosphorous, carbamate, botanical & biopesticides.

d) Action of pesticide on nervous system - physiology of nervous system, cholinesterase inhibition pesticide resistance. (16 hrs.) 2. Toxicology: a) Introduction- basic principle of toxicology, areas of toxicology and categories of toxicologist,

routes of exposure/exposure characteristics, chemical interaction of toxicants, dose- response relationships, GLP/protocols for toxicity studies (descriptive animal toxicity test) and their significance, natural defense mechanism.

b) Toxicology of organophosphates, carbamates and organochlorines- signs, symptoms and medical treatment for poisoning, bioactivation and inactivation, cholinesterase inhibition and mechanism, antidote action and mechanism.

c) Selectivity of pesticides- concept and significance, penetration & metabolism, excretion, experimental study of toxicology. I

d) Resistance to pesticides- concept, types and significance. e) Special effects of pesticides/ toxicants- teratogenic , mutagenic, carcinogenic effects

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(mechanism for cancer formation). (20 hrs.)

3. Safety with pesticides:

a) First aid, antidotes, pesticide label and leaflet, pesticide deterioration tests. b) Storage of pesticides, transportation of pesticides, decontamination (pesticide spills, pesticide

containers, application equipments and safety equipments) c) Sanitary classification of pesticides d) Effluent treatment of agrochemicals, ETP for waste water streams generated in manufacture of cypermethrin. e) Safety of pesticides to wild life and public places. (12 hrs.)

4. Pesticides residues: a) Introduction- application of agrochemicals, dissemination path ways of pesticides, causes of pesticide residues, remedies. (2 hrs.) b) Pesticides residues in atmosphere- entry into atmosphere, action of pesticides, effects on environments. (2 hrs.) c) Pesticides residues in water - entry into water systems, action and effect in aquatic environment. (2 hrs.) d) Pesticides residues in soil. entry into soil, absorption, retention and transport in soil, effects on microorganism, soil condition and fertility, decomposition and degradation by climatic factors and microorganism. (3 hrs.) e) Effects of pesticides residue on human life- model ecosystem, studies of bio-concentration and biodegradation of pesticides on life, consequent effects on human life, use of pesticides in food and health of human. ' (2hrs.) f) Effect of pesticides residues on birds and animals- routes for exposure to .pesticides, action of pesticides on birds and animals. (2 hrs.) g) Analysis of pesticides residues- sample preparation, extraction of pesticides residues

(soil, water and vegetables) simple methods and schemes of analysis, multiresidue analysis, statistical methods and validation. Methods of residue analysis: Brief methodology for few compounds from organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and other pesticides. (3 hrs.)

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Recommended Books 1. Insecticides: Action & metabolism - o' Brien. D. Acdemic. 2. Insecticide Biochemistry & physiology - Wilkinson C.A., Plenum. 3. A textbook of insect toxicology - RP.Srivastava and RC.Saxena - Himanshu. 5. Pesticides and environmental pollution – R.M.Lodha 6. The Biochemistry and uses of Pesticides - K.A.Hassall 7. Progress in Pesticide Biochemistry and Toxicology ,Vol I-III- D.H.Hutson and T.R.Roberts John Wiley & Sons Pub., 1st Ed., (1983) 8. The Chemical Protection of Plants- G.S.Gruzdyev, V.A.Zinchenco, V.A.Kalinin and R.I.Slovtsov, Mir Publisher 1983. 9.Pesticide and Environmental Pollution- RM. Lodha 10. Evaluation of Pesticides in Groundwater- W.Y. Garnett, RC. Honeycatt and H.N.

Nigg (ACS). 11. Pesticides in Aquatic Environments, Planum. Agrochemical Residue-biota,

interaction in soil and aquatic ecosystem- M.A.Q. Khan. 12. Handbook of Pest Management in Agricultural- Vol. I-III- D. Pilmental (CRC). 13.Chemistry of Pesticides- Melinikov (Springer Verlag) 14. Analysis of Pesticides Residues- H.A. Moye. 15.The Future of Insecticides- R.L. Metcalf and J.J. McKelvey. 16.Safer Insecticides- E. Hodgson and R.J. Kuhr (Dekker). 17. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis- Willard, Merrit and Dean. 18. Pesticide Analysis- K.G. Das. 19. Analytical Methods for Pesticides, Plant growth regulators & food additives. Vol,I-IV Ed. By Gunter Zweig AC 402 : Pesticide Synthesis-II (60 hrs. and 100 marks) Importance and role of Acaricides, Fungicides, Rodenticides, Nematicides, mollucicide, Fumigants and Repellents. (6 hrs) Chemistry of Pesticides: Brief introduction to classes of pesticides, structure, chemical name, physical properties, chemical properties, synthesis, degradation and metabolism, formulations,

64

mode of action, uses, toxicity (acute and chronic toxicity in mammals, birds, aquatic species etc.), methods of analysis.

1. Acaricides : Dicofol, Dichlorvos. Dinocap, Oxydemeton methyl, Triazophos, Vamidothion.

(8 hrs.)

2. Fungicides : Benomyl, Captan, Captafol, Carbendazim, Copper oxy chloride, Dithianon, Hexaconazole, Mancozeb, Metalaxyl, Phenyl mercury acetate, propaconazole, Tricyclazole, Ziram. (14 hrs.)

3. Rodenticides : Bromodiolone, Coumachlor, Coumafuryl, Warfarin, Zinc Phosphide. (8 hrs.) 4. Nematicides : Aldicarb, Diazinon, Ethoprophos, Terbufos. (6 hrs.) 5. Fumigants : Aluminium phosphide, Ethylene dibromide, Methyl bromide. (5 hrs.) 6. Repellents, synergists, synthetic inhibitors and proinsecticides : DEET, Dimethyl phthalate, Indalone, Piperonyl butoxide, Procarbamates/proorganophosphates/propyrethroids (6 hrs.) 7. Molluscicides: Fentin acetate, Metaldehyde (4 hrs.) 8. Manufacturing processes of some pesticides: Dimethyl phthalate, Ethylene oxide, Copper Sulphate. (3 hrs.) Recommended Books 1. Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides - U.S.Shree Ramulu Oxford & IBH Pub., 2nd (1995) 2. Pesticide Synthesis- P.S.Marg, G.K.Kohn, J.J.Menn 3. Chemical Weekly's Agrochemicals Dietionary 4. Handbook of Systemic Fungicides Vol- I,II,III - S.C.Vyas 5. Analytical Methods for Pesticides, Plant growth regulators & food additives. Vol.,I-IV Ed. By Gunter Zweig. 6. The Agrochemical Handbook - Royal :Society, England 7. Pesticide Science and Biotechnology - R. Greenhalgh and T.R.Roberts 8. Outlines of Chemical Technology - C.E.Dryden, Ed. by M.Gopal 9. Principles of Pesticide Chemistry- S. K .Handa, Ed. By Agrobios (India) 10. Pesticides- Ed. G.S. Dhaliwal and B. Singh

65

11.Pesticides in India- Recent facts and figure- R & D section, Yawalkar Pesticides, Nagpur (Agri-Horticulture, Nagpur) . 12. Chemistry of Pesticides - N. N. Melinkov, Springer. AC 403 Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators (60 hrs. and 100 marks) A] Herbicides:

1. Weed and weed control- brief account Herbicides - definition., introduction and classification. (5 hrs.)

2. Chemical Control - according to action and chemical structures, selective, foliage, soil, aquatic contact, translocated, nonselective hebicides.

Methods of herbicide application – Pre-sowing, pre-emergence, post- sowing, post-emergence, direct, band, spot applications. . (6 hrs.) 3. Persistence of herbicides. (3 hrs.)

4. Formulations of herbicides. (3 hrs.)

5. Mode of action of herbicides. (4 hrs.)

B] Plant Growth Regulators:

1. Growth and development, factors affecting growth, measurement of growth. (4 hrs.) 2. Plant growth regulaors - definition and introduction, important roles and actions of PGRs. 3. Plant growth hormones - Auxins, Gibberellins, Kinins, Growth inhibitors and ethylenes - their responses, metabolism, assay and agricultural uses. (8 hrs.) 4. Plant growth modification Dormancy and germination, breeding and propagation, retardation of vegetative growth, flowering, fruit set and development metabolic effects- ripening, yield incresing, defoliation., desiccation, chemical pruning, abscission, photosynthesis.

(5 hrs.)

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C] Chemistry, synthesis and uses of following herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators: Alachlor, Ancymidol, Anilofos, Atrazine, Bromoxylene, Chlormequat chloride, Chlorpropham, 4-CPA, 2,4-D (manufacturing process), 2,4-DB, Dalapon, Daminozide, Dicamba, Dichrorprop, Diuron, Endothall, Ethephon, IAA, IBA, Maleic hydrazide, Mepiquat, Metsulfuron methyl, Naphthoxy Acetic Acid, Paraquat, Picloram, Propanil, Propazine, metoxuron, Tiaojiean. (22 hrs.)

Recommended Books 1. Principles and procedure of plant protection - Chattopadhyay. 2. Chemistry weekly's - Agrochemical Dictionary. 3. Agrochemical handbook - Royal Society. 4. Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture Vol. I, II -D.Pimentel. 5. Control mechanisms in Plant Developments - A. W. Galston, PJ.Davies. 6. Chemistry of Herbicides - U.S.Shree Ramulu., Oxford IBH Pub., 1st (1985) 7. Herbicide Vol. 3 Ed. P.C. Kearney and D.D.Kaufman. 8. Plant Growth Regulators- Agricultural Uses- Nickel AC 006: Laboratory Course in Pesticides & Agrochemicals – II (Marks-100) (Minimum 16 practicals are necessary) I. Spectroscopic Characterization Interpretation of UV, IR, PMR and Mass spectra of pesticides. II. Synthesis of pesticides/ analogs 1.Phenyl Urea 2. 1-Naphthoxy acetic acid 3.Dimethyl phthalate 4. Maleic / Phthalyl hydrazide 5. 2-Chlorophenoxy acetic acid 6.Benzoyl glycine 7. 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid 8. Ferbam /Nabam / Zineb/ maneb III. Pesticides analysis 1. Estimation of copper from Copper oxy chloride. 2. Determination of isomer ratio in Metasystox. 3. Estimation of Dichlorvos in a given formormulation. 4. Estimation of Carbendazim in a given formulation. 5. Electrometric determination of acidity / alkalinity of WP. 6. Determination of moisture content by Karl-Fischer method. 7. Estimation of Phosphamidon/ Dicofol in a given sample. 8. Estimation of Carbaryl in a given formulation.

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9. Estimation of copper in copper sulphate pentahydrate 10. Estimation of total P2O5 content in fertilizer. 11. Estimation of nitrogen from ammonium sulphate 12. Estimation of sulphur content from pesticides containing Sulphur. 13. Estimation of Ziram by hydrolysis method. 14. Gas chromatographic analysis of Pesticides 15. Estimation of barium in barium carbonate 16. Estimation of potassium content (soil/fertilizer) by flame photometer.

17. Determination of pH and conductivity of soil sample. 18. Formulation analysis of metasystox. 19. Estimation of Simazine by colorimetric method. 20. Estimation of Phosphorous from soil by colorimetric method 21. Estimation of nitrogen from soil by Kjeldahals method

v. Collection, identification and classification of different Weeds - study about nature of damage and their management.

Recommended Books : 1. Methods of Pesticides analysis - U. S. Sree Ramulu, Oxford-IBH 2. Pesticides, Plant Growth Regulators and Food Additives, Vol I to XI - Gunter Zweig Academic press 3. A textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry - A. I. Vogel- ELBS with Longman, 5th Ed., (1989) 4. Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry - R.K.Bansal- Wiley Eastern 3rd (1994) 5. 5. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry - N.K. Vishnoi - Vikas 6. Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds- J.R.Dyer-Prentice Hall 7. Spectroscopic methods in Organic Chemistry - D.H.Williams & I Flemming (McGraw Hill) AC 006 Project Work (Marks-100)

Students are required to work for a specific project under supervision of concerned faculty member. The allotment of the topic will be done in the initial period of third semester so that students can start their work in the third semester itself. Each student is supposed to work for at least 60 hrs. for his/her project. At the last he/she has to submit his/her project report and present the work done at the time of viva voce.

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