School for Dance and music

DESIGN STUDIO ASSIGNMENTSUMMAIYA LATIF AWAN25TH SEP 2014

Dance

Dance & Dancing: Just Doing What Comes Naturally Human beings probably danced even before there was a word for it. Rhythmic bodily movement is instinctive. It connects people, even if unconsciously, to the rhythms of nature. Dance springs from a human desire for personal expression and social connection. And it feels good.

People dance for all kinds of reasons - to mourn, to celebrate, to heal, to give thanks, to preserve cultural heritage and treasured legends, to demonstrate physical prowess, to assert individuality, to provoke and to entertain.

Almost anyone can dance, regardless of age or ability. Maybe it's the Argentinean tango, the American square dance, the Viennese waltz, an improvised riff at a club or a step or two at a family wedding. Whatever the style or situation, dancing can be fun and a great way to socialize.

Related but different, theatrical dance is presented as art and entertainment. Trained dancers perform for an audience and the goal is to evoke a response. Dance becomes another way of communicating. A dance could express something specific like a story. It might seek to convey an idea, or it might simply be about creating an abstract effect, the way music often does.

Theatrical dance is often non-literal. The moving body conveys feelings or ideas that cannot be put into words. Try explaining the mesmerizing effect of Japanese butoh, with its meticulously controlled movement; or the exhilaration of break dance, with its fast, punchy jumps and turns.

Dance is a part of many popular entertainment forms, from ice shows, movies and music videos to Broadway musicals and the circus. It also stands on its own in concerts featuring solos, duets and ensemble works, often to live music.

Performance styles are varied and evolving. They may reflect or challenge the social, cultural, even religious traditions and values of their root cultures.

Ballet, for example, is danced in many parts of the world but it is a European form, originating in the courtly entertainments of 15th century Italy. Courtly life requires formality and gracious behavior. Though it has changed over time, ballet still expresses these values today.

In contrast, various forms of South Asian dance now seen in a theatrical context have their roots in ancient temple dances. The characteristic rhythms of bharata, natyam or kathak dance derive from musical traditions. The resulting grounded movement is notably different from ballet's upward lift - itself in relation to western melodic forms.

Start dancing ballet to jazz music and the movement begins to change. A new freedom in the hips creates a whole new effect not immediately identifiable as classical ballet. The labels we use to identify dance forms are arbitrary. They are designed to help analyze and categorize what is ultimately a shared human experience - the impulse to move.

Dance Forms: An Introduction A wide variety of dance forms exist around the world. Here is an introduction to over 40 traditional and contemporary dance forms that you may encounter on stages near you and throughout. You'll find 24 major dance styles and additional information on variations within certain forms. Most of these are theatrical dance forms whose primary purpose is artistic presentation before an audience. Some forms play a wider social role but are nonetheless adapted for theatrical performance.

1. Aerial dance2. African dance3. Afro-Caribbean dance4. Azerbaijani dance5. Ballet dance6. Belly dance 7. Brazilian folk dance8. Break dance9. Butoh.10. Capoeira 11. Chinese12. Contact Improvisation13. Contemporary14. First Nations15. Flamenco16. Hip Hop17. Improvisation18. Jazz19. Korean20. Modern21. South Asian22. Tanztheater23. Tap24. Ukrainian

1. Hip Hop Hip hop dance originated on the streets of New York City among young Hispanic and African-American men during the late 1960s as part of the hip hop culture of rap, scratch music and graffiti art. Break dance is the most common style of this constantly evolving dance form. A newer development that came out of Los Angeles is the freestyle, high energy and confrontational krumping, in which the dancers sometimes use physical contact and weight sharing.

Electric boogie is a style of popping (ticking). Both locking and popping or ticking originally came from Los Angeles. Popping was created by street dance crew Electric Boogaloo. Locking was created by The Lockers Both locking and popping existed a long time before breaking was born. During breaking era, b-boys started to put popping and locking into their dance. Since people in NY twisted popping and made it funkier and something different from original popping, they call it electric boogie instead of popping. Nowadays, so-called "Break dance" consists of breaking, locking, and electric boogie or popping.

History It was the robots on TV shows in the early '60s like "Lost in Space" that inspired the black kids in Los Angeles to invent the dance the Robot.

Obviously mime was inspirational in the development and perfecting of the Robot. The sense of animation and futurism is strong in most poor inner-city kids because it's an escape to a world where everything is perfect, sharp, and in control. The hydraulic movements of the robot danced to music which was becoming more and more mechanically rhythmic, like James Brown's "Goodfoot" (1969), was a natural development in Los Angeles, a city of major street dance creations.

In 1969, a young black man by the name of Don Campbell was becoming known among street dancers in Los Angeles for inventing a dance called the Campbellock (he put out a record called "Do the Campbellock"). Don Campbell took the hydraulic robotic movements, which were all about total control and mixed it with wild, out of control body movement dances of the tap-flash dance days plus exact stop and start movements and spiced it all with comic facial expressions and clown-like costumes to develop a whole new dance movement which is still going strong called "Locking".

The best way to describe the movement of locking would be thus: You know those little-figured toys that are like inside-out puppets on small plastic circular platforms or pedestals, and if you press the bottom of the platform the figure collapses real fast, then when you let your finger up it goes back into shape? Well that's what locking looks like. The body moves out of control then back into control snapping into position, collapsing then snapping back.

At the time breaking was developing in New York, locking the Robot was getting popular in southern California. During 1972 and '73 in Fresno, California, a small city halfway between Los Angeles and Dan Francisco, a black family of all boys was inventing something new of their own. They called their dance the Electric Boogaloo. Pistol Pete and his brothers had created The Electric Boogaloo by combining locking. The Robot, and the more smooth and controlled movements of mime. Instead of throwing their bodies in and out of control like locking, or in total hydraulic control like The Robot, they passed energy through their bodies popping and snapping elbows, wrists, necks, hips and just about all the body joints along the way.(http://www.hiphop-network.com/articles/bboyarticles/popinelectricboogie2.asp )

If you ask several people to define the term "hip hop", chances are you will hear several different answers. Hip hop is much more than a way of moving to hip hop music...it is a way of life. Hip hop is a lifestyle that includes its own language, music, wardrobe style and style of dance.

Some people believe that hip hop dancing is simply moving to hip hop music. However, hip hop as a dance style is anything but simple. Hip hop dancers frequently engage in friendly battles or informal dance competitions. In an article appearing in Dance Teacher magazine, Rachel Zar discusses the top five elements of hip hop dance.

1. Popping The Electric Boogaloos dance crew, popping consists of quickly contracting and relaxing your muscles, causing a jerk in your body. These jerks are known as pops or hits. Popping is performed with other dance moves and poses to the beat of the music.

Popping Terms:Puppeting Waving The Creep Tutting Robotting Ticking Dynorama Strobing Vibrating

2. Locking Created by Don Campbell in Los Angeles and introduced by his crew The Lockers, locking consists of performing a series of locking movements, which involves performing a quick movement, "locking" into another position, then holding the last position for a few seconds. The hips and legs usually remain in a relaxed position while movements of the arms and hands are more distinct and exact. Movements are big and coordinated closely with the beats of the music. Locking has a bit of a comedic flair and is usually performed to funk or soul music. Dancers who perform locking movements are called "lockers."

Locking TermsLock Points Throwback Wrist Roll Iron Horse Muscle Man Scooby Doo Stop & Go Scootbot Skeeter Rabbit Funky Guitar Knee Drop Leo Walk

3. Breaking Breaking (also referred to as b-boying or b-girling) is probably the most well-known element of hip hop dance. Breaking is very unstructured and improvisational, and evolved from a style of dance known as uprock. Breaking, or breakdancing, is composed of movements performed at different levels: toprock (performed while standing), downrock (performed close to the floor), power moves (acrobatics) and freeze moves (poses). Dancers who perform breakdancing are often called b-boys, b-girls or breakers.

Breaking Terms Rock Steady Crew Zulu Kings Sal Soul Crazy Commandos Dynamic Rockers New York City Breakers Air Force Crew Full Circle The Bronx Boys Seven Gems(http://dance.about.com/od/hiphopdancing/tp/Elements-Of-Hip-Hop.htm )

What distinguishes hip-hop from other forms of dance is that it is often "freestyle" (improvisational) in nature. Crews free styling, and battles are identifiers of this style. Hip-hop dance can be a form of entertainment or a hobby. It can also be a way to stay active in competitive dance and a way to make a living by dancing professionally.

Though hip-hop dancing is established on film and on television, it has not gained the same level of exposure in theater. This may be due to the fact that the dance is performed more in film and in television than it is in a theatrical setting.

2. Tap Dancing They say tap dancing appeared during the time of slave trade. African slaves were using drums and other instruments to perform their native music and songs. American slave-holders started to panic thinking that Africans could communicate with each other through the use of these instruments, thats why drums and other native instruments of Africans were forbidden all over the South at that time. However, African slaves used all their traditional rhythms when they danced, tapping out complex rhythmic passages that became a vital physical code of expression. In the 19th century African-Americans didnt have good quality Bloch shoes; however, they still could impress the audience with dynamic and rhythmic footwork. Later on they combined their footwork with Irish and British clogging steps, which later became modern tap dancing.

Tap dancing is one of the greatest feel-good dances you'll ever encounter. It makes everyone smile and is enchanting when it's done well. And the greatest thing about it is that you can learn it surprisingly quickly. Even by the end of a couple of well-taught classes, you will be able to dance a short, simple routine that will sound 'right'.

Somehow, we all seem to have a good ear for Tap and know what it should sound like. That means that if you are prepared to pay close attention to your teacher, you will be able to monitor your own progress after a fairly short space of time your built-in Tap dance ear will be a constant tutor! The music played in Tap lessons helps a lot too.

This is a big dance. Although it has some soft taps and tiny moves in it too, it's generally lively, boisterous, and uplifting. It sizzles with fun and energy. It's just a great dance for making you feel like a dancer on stage in front of a clapping, cheering audience.

Practicalities Not only is it easy to learn, but it's easy to practice too! It's possible to practice Tap surreptitiously we've seen people tapping out their practice routines under their desk while they are working. But with all that enthusiasm comes a little word about exercise content for beginners. We've talked about it needing to sound right. That means you have to start small and quiet, giving great concentration to learning each step well, so it sounds (as well as looks) accurate.

For your first few lessons, you may not use anything other than your feet to tap with and your hands to clap with. If you are looking for a good cardio workout from your dance class, you won't get it from Tap until you are a little more proficient and are leaping all over the place. But fear not, after just a couple of lessons, you should at least be doing routines that last long enough to get the heart rate up a little. On the plus side, it's a great toner for those calf muscles and much more exciting than a boring old step aerobics class!

Tap Dance Teachers Tap dance teachers are some of the most fun, energetic, enthusiastic you'll ever meet. There's something about Tap dancing that makes it impossible to be glum around. So if you are looking to be taught by a teacher whose presence is uplifting, Tap class is where you'll find them.

And of course the best thing about Tap teachers (as if that wasn't enough), is that they'll keep breaking into little bursts of super-fast Tap. They just can't help themselves!

Tap Dance Pupils Tap dance is one of the most inclusive dances you'll find. Men, women, young, old, fit and not-so-fit, big and small. They all can learn how to tap well.

And it does seem to attract a huge cross-section of people. Probably because it's one of the most aspirational dances we know. There just seems to be a lot of people who secretly harbor a desire to at least try a bit of Tap dancing once in their life. And so you will find all sorts of people in beginners Tap classes.

Of course, very few just turn up once to try it and never appear again. If you've got a good teacher, like the ones we describe above, you'll find that everybody gets hooked pretty quickly and the whole class will keep turning up, week after week.

It really is the dance for everybody. So throw your sneakers away, tie on your Tap shoes, and prepare to be transported into a magical toe-tapping world!(http://www.danceclass.com/tap-dance.html)

Styles of Tap Shoes Tap shoes are available in a variety of shapes, styles and colors. Tap shoes are generally made of four materials: leather, canvas, wood and plastic. Young tappers tend to favor the Mary Jane style of tap shoes, with a single ribbon tied into a bow on the top of the foot. Older, more experienced dancers typically prefer flat leather oxford tap shoes. Tap shoes with heels are also available if preferred, but tend to be a little more difficult to balance on, as they place more weight on the ball of the foot and the toes. More advanced dancers usually opt for split-sole jazz tap shoes, which allow more flexibility for performing advanced tap steps.

Fitting Tap Shoes Overall comfort and fit is extremely important when purchasing tap shoes. If the tap shoes dont fit perfectly, tap sounds won't be clear and precise. Keep in mind that sizes of tap shoes may be quite different than street shoes sizes. If you are not sure of two sizes, opt for the smaller size. Tap shoes should always fit snugly, with very little space in the toe box. With frequent use, the most tap shoes will stretch and allow more room for your feet.

Sounds of Tap Shoes When choosing tap shoes, it's just as important to consider how they sound as how they look and feel. Tap shoes differ by the amount of screws attached to the taps. The screws are adjustable, so different sounds can be produced. Tap dancers often loosen or tighten screws to adjust the sound made by their taps. The most common tap shoes have three screws on each shoe. After dancing for a while, dancers develop a personal preference for tap shoes determined by specific tap sounds. Classic tapping shoes

Comfortable clothing for tap dancing After you buy good quality Bloch shoes, you should choose dance clothes that have to be comfortable and loose. If you are a beginner then one set of clothing for performances will be enough. You can use various accessories to look different every time you are on stage.(http://www.dancedirect.com/uk/Press/Article/1264/)

If you are starting a tap class, the type of floor you will be dancing on is as important as your tap shoes. The best floor for tap dancing is one that is both resilient and resonant. A resilient floor is capable of withstanding shock without being damaged. A resonant floor produces strong and deep sound tones. The resilience and resonance of a floor is determined by what the floor is made of and what lies underneath the floor's surface.

Hardwood Makes a Great Tap Dance Floor The best tap dance floor is made of hardwood, such as maple or oak. Hardwood floors are less likely to be damaged than floors made of soft wood such as pine. Maple is a great tap dance floor choice because it is not likely to splinter and doesnt need a sealer to protect it from water damage and warping.

It is very important to determine the type of floor that lies underneath the surface you will be tapping on. If the sounds you hear from your taps are not resonant and the pitch doesnt vary between the heels and the toes, the floor underneath is most likely concrete. A concrete subfloor is hard on your body and could result in injury to your knees, back or legs. The best and safest floor for tap dancing is a hardwood surface with air underneath known as a spring floor. A spring floor is created by a series of floor beams spaced apart by spring coils. A spring floor vibrates and produces more resonant sounds.(http://dance.about.com/od/tapdancing/qt/Tap-Dance-Floor.htm)

3. Aerial dance Aerial dance refers to a theatrical production performed by dancers who are suspended in the air with the aid of apparatus such as ropes, lengths of cloth known as silks, straps or a trapeze.

Aerial Silk Is one of the well-recognized aspects of this type of dance, and is often called aerial ribbon, fabric, or tissue depending on region. Aerial silk acts were first made famous by Isabelle Chasse in Cirque du Soleil's show called Quidam.

Performers climb the suspended fabric without the use of safety lines, and rely only on their training and skill to ensure safety. They use the fabric to wrap, suspend, fall, swing, and spiral their bodies into and out of various positions. Aerial silks may be used to fly through the air, striking poses and figures while flying. Some performers use dried or spray rosin on their hands and feet to increase the friction and grip on the fabric.

Space Aerial silks are an incredibly demanding art and require a high degree of strength and power. For all users, the space required is usually between 20 and 30 ft. There are a great many tricks that can be done on a 12-to-15-foot (3.7 to 4.6 m) aerial fabric and a few drops require more than 30 feet, but for the most part 20 to 30 feet (6 to 9 m) is best.

Tricks The three main categories of tricks are climbs, wraps and drops. Climbs employed by aerialists range from purely practical and efficient, such as the Russian climb, to athletic and elegant tricks of their own, such as the straddle climb. Wraps are static poses where aerialists wrap the silks around one or more parts of their body. In general, the more complicated the wrap, the stronger the force of friction and the less effort required to hold ones-self up. Some wraps, such as the straddle-back-balance, actually allow performers to completely release their hands. Foot locks are a sub-category of wraps where the silks are wrapped around one or both feet. In a drop, performers wrap themselves up high on the silks before falling to a lower position. Drops can combine aspects of free fall, rolling or otherwise rotating oneself before landing in a new pose. Preparation for a drop can make for a pretty wrap, but the ultimate goal is the fall rather than the pose. Of the three trick types, drops require the most strength, and are also the most potentially dangerous. Rosin (dry or mixed with rubbing alcohol) is employed to help performers maintain their grip. Aerial silks are an incredibly demanding art and require a high degree of strength, power, flexibility, courage, and grace to practice.

Aerial dancing shows have an inherent level of danger. The dancers perform every trick on the mat placed on the floor beneath and drop extensively over a mat before doing it in rehearsal.

Fabrics The fabrics used as silks are very strong with some give and flexibility. The fabric is 2-way stretch polyester Lycra or Tricot Nylon. The width varies depending on the routine and the acrobat. The fabric is usually quite long, as it is doubled for rigging, giving the acrobat two strips of fabric to work with as he or she performs.

Stretch Low stretch fabrics are primarily used by beginners who have not yet developed proper climbing technique.Medium stretch fabrics are the principal choice of professional aerialists and graduates of professional training programs such as cole nationale de cirque.

Width Fabric width is mostly a personal choice. The thickness of the fabric when gathered is also influenced by the "denier", or technical thickness of the fabrics weave. 40 denier is a common choice. The following applies to 40 denier nylon fabric: 60" - Narrow when open, thin when gathered. Fairly common simply because the fabric is widely available.72-84 - Average for adult performers96" - Wide when open, thick when gathered. Best for adults with large hands.108 - Very wide and thick. For adults with very large hands, or specialty acts.

Length Length is a function of the height of the space available.For beginners, it is beneficial if the fabric comes down past the ground, allowing them to practice wraps at a lower level where they can be spotted.For intermediate users and above, it is sufficient if the fabrics come down to the ground.For all users, the space required is usually between 20 and 30 ft. There are a great many tricks that can be done on a 12-to-15-foot (3.7 to 4.6 m) aerial fabric and a few drops require more than 30 feet, but for the most part 20 to 30 feet (6 to 9 m) is best.

Rigging Aerial rigging applies to the hanging of aerial silks and hammocks. Aerial silk rigging equipment commonly includes:A figure-eight descender, rescue eight, ring, or other piece of hardware for holding the silkA ball-bearing swivel to keep the silk from twisting and to allow for spinningCarabiners for connecting the silk hardware to the swivel, and for connecting the swivel to a mounting point

Aerial Silk Dancewear Aerial silk classes require certain types clothing to get the most out of your time spent practicing. By wearing the appropriate dancewear, you can minimize injuries like silk or rope burn. Skin burns can happen at the back of the knees, under the arms, and on the stomach or back if you are not properly suited up. That is why it's essential to always wear the correct clothes while performing aerial silk moves, no matter what your level of advancement. A gymnastics suit, dance leotard, unitard, or full body suit will do the trick quite well. You can also get by with a long tank top that can easily be tucked into your tights or leggings. Also, remember that you'll need a long-sleeved shirt handy to prevent any silk burns under the arms. The perfect pants for the occasion are tights and leggings.Aesthetics and beauty are some of the most important aspects of aerial silk dancewear to keep in mind when transitioning from practicing in class to performing live. Of course, comfort and safety are prerequisites, but the outfit you choose for a performance has a great impact on your overall presentation and appeal during a show.

Double layered tights work great for performances, with tights underneath and a costume unitard on top. For the costume, think colorful, exotic and exciting! The type of costume you choose will greatly affect your performance. Stretch velvet works well for the costume layer because it has a nice amount of grip against the aerial fabric, although it does get worn down over time.(http://www.divadancewear.com/aerialsilkdancewear.html )

Music

Music is an art form whose medium is sound. Its common elements are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture.

Ive been thinking a lot to the purpose of music lately. I started reflecting on what music means to me and its role it plays in my life. This role has changed in different moments in life, but its a good reminder as to how people relate to music.

Music comes in many different types and styles ranging from traditional rock music to world pop, easy listening and bluegrass. Many genres have a rich history or geographical significance, a cult following or music roots that go far beyond the 20th century.

The Music Genres List covers many of the most popular styles of music:-1. Alternative Music2. Blues3. Classical Music4. Country Music5. Dance Music6. Easy Listening7. Electronic Music8. European Music (Folk / Pop)9. Hip Hop / Rap10. Indie Pop11. Inspirational (incl. Gospel)12. Asian Pop (J-Pop, K-pop)13. Jazz14. Latin Music15. New Age16. Opera17. Pop (Popular music)18. R&B / Soul19. Reggae20. Rock21. Singer / Songwriter (inc; Folk)22. World Music / Beats

1. Latin American Music Latin American music encompasses rhythms and styles originated or related to Latin America. Some critics have defined Latin music as an incorporation of four elements: music style, geography, cultural background of the artist and language. The first of those encapsulates all music styles generated from Latin countries, such as salsa, merengue, tango, compas, bossa nova and bachata; as well as other styles derived from a more mainstream genre, such as Latin pop, rock, jazz and reggaeton.

Geographically, it usually refers to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of Latin America but sometimes include Francophone countries and territories of the Caribbean and South America as well. The origin of Latin American music begins with Spain and Portugal's colonization of Latin America in the 16th century. Latin American music is performed in Spanish, Portuguese, and to a lesser extent, French.

African Latin music The term can refer to the mixing of African and other cultural elements found in Latin American society such as religion, music, language, the arts and social class. The term Afro-Latin American, as used in this refers specifically to Sub-Saharan African ancestry and not to European colonial or North African/Middle Eastern ancestry, such as White South African or Arab/Berber Moroccan ancestry The African Influence The African slaves that arrived to the New World brought with them all the traditions and beats from their continent. The African influence in Latin music is so big that this could be the single most important element in Latin music history.

The traditional music of Africa is historically ancient, rich, and diverse, with the different regions and nations of Africa having distinct musical traditions.

Traditional music in much of the continent is passed down orally (or aurally) and is not written. In Sub-Saharan African music traditions, it also frequently relies heavily on percussion instruments of every variety, including xylophones, drums, and tone-producing instruments such as the mbira or "thumb piano.

The music and dance of the African diaspora, formed to varying degrees on African musical traditions, include American music and many Caribbean genres, such as soca, calypso (kaiso) and zouk. Latin American music genres such as the samba, rumba, salsa, and other clave (rhythm)-based genres, were also founded to varying degrees on the music of enslaved Africans, and have in turn influenced African popular music.

Musical instrument Besides vocalisation, which uses various techniques such as complex hard melisma and yodel, a wide array of musical instruments are used. An African musical instrument include a wide range of drums, slit gongs, rattles and double bells, different types of harps, and harp-like instruments such as the Kora as well as fiddles, many kinds of xylophone and lamellophone such as the mbira, and different types of wind instrument like flutes and trumpets. Additionally, string instruments are also used, with the lute-like oud serving as musical accompaniment in some areas.

Drums used in African traditional music include talking drums, bougarabou and djembe in West Africa, water drums in Central and West Africa, and the different types of ngoma drums (or engoma) in Central and Southern Africa. Other percussion instruments include many rattles and shakers, such as the kosika (kashaka), rain stick, bells and wood sticks. Also, Africa has lots of other types of drums, and lots of flutes, and lots of stringed and wind instruments.

The playing of polyrhythms is one of the most universal characteristics of Sub-Sarahan music, in contrast to polyphony in Western music. Several uniquely designed instruments have evolved there over time to facilitate the playing of simultaneous contrasting rhythms. The mbira, kalimba, Kora and dousn'gouni are examples of these instruments which organize notes not in the usual single linear order from bass to treble, but in two separated rank arrays which allows additional ease in playing cross rhythms. The continuing influence of this principle can be seen in the gravi-kora and gravikord modern examples.

Bougarabou vs. Djembe With all of the different sounds in traditional African music and drumming, it can be confusing to know which drums create the different harmonic tones, especially when the sounds can be so similar as the drums vary in size, shape and design. The Djembe drums also originated in Western Africa, are made from hardwoods like the Bougarabou, but are smaller in height and head size. The heads themselves are made from thinner hides, such as goat hide, giving the Djembe a lighter tone than the Bougarabou. Djembe drums are smaller, more portable and versatile in the way they can be held and the way they produce bass (the "trampoline" sound), tone (the mid-range sound) and slap (much like the crack of a whip) sounds. Djembe drums are great for beginners, for drum circles and for teaching kids and others how to beat out basic rhythms.

The Bougarabou, sometimes called the African Conga, hails from Western Africa, and is specifically attributed to Senegal. It resembles the shape of the Djembe, but it is larger and shaped more like an hourglass than a goblet. Bougarabou drums have a head that is typically made from antelope or cow hide, lending itself to a deep bass tone that may imitate a typical bass drum. Since Bougarabou drums are larger than Djembes and can create lower tones, but they are also less easy to carry around and require a strap or a stand if the drummer is not sitting. Bougarabou drums are often played in groups of four, like Conga drums or as a harmonic back up to the Djembe. Due to the mechanics involved in playing these larger drums, many times musicians playing the Bougarabou drum will take advantage of the larger surface space of the drums and wear bracelets with bells to enhance the sounds of their rhythms.(http://blog.x8drums.com/2010/11/bougarabou-vs-djembe.html) Djembe, Developed c. 1200 AD, Related instruments, Dunun, Bougarabou, Ashiko, Goblet drum

The djembe has a body (or shell) carved of hardwood and a drumhead made of untreated (not limed) rawhide, most commonly made from goatskin. Excluding rings, djembes have an exterior diameter of 3038 cm (1215 in) and a height of 5863 cm (2325 in). The majority have a diameter in the 13 to 14 inch range. The weight of a djembe ranges from 5 kg to 13 kg (1129 lb) and depends on size and shell material. A medium-size djembe carved from one of the traditional woods (including skin, rings, and rope) weighs around 9 kg (20 lb).

The djembe can produce a wide variety of sounds, making it a most versatile drum. The drum is very loud, allowing it to be heard clearly as a solo instrument over a large percussion ensemble. The Malink people say that a skilled drummer is one who "can make the djembe talk", meaning that the player can tell an emotional story. (The Malink never used the djembe as a signaling drum.)

Traditionally, the djembe is played only by men, as are the dunun that always accompany the djembe. Conversely, other percussion instruments that are commonly played as part of an ensemble, such as the shekere (a hollowed-out gourd covered with a net of beads), karignan (a tubular bell), and kese kese (a woven basket rattle), are usually played by women. Even today, it is rare to see women play djembe or dunun in West Africa, and African women express astonishment when they do see a female djembe player. Spiral pattern on the inside of a well-carved djembe (djalla wood). The spine of the skin is clearly visible through the hole in the waist. Traditional djembe used by the Kono people from the Nzrkor region in Forest Guinea. (From the collection of Muse de l'Homme, Paris, added to the collection in 1938.) Djembe with modern two-ring mounting system Fiberglass djembe with synthetic skin and lug tuning system

A bougarabou (alternative spelling Boucarabou) drums are single headed (cow skin), with an elongated goblet or roughly conical shape, usually placed on a single stand, and most commonly played in sets of three to four.

The drummer also wears a series of metal bracelets called Siwangas in Buluf and Fogny dialect that contribute to the sound. The audience and the dancers form a circle and clap, often with wooden chunks (size 25-30 cm) of palm peduncles, and sing with the music, but it is unique in that a single drummer traditionally provides the drumming. There are also some groups using a set of three or four drums and some more drums like djembe or other small Jola drums. BougarabouNew-Age Music New-age music is down tempo music intended to create artistic inspiration, relaxation, and optimism. It is used by listeners for yoga, massage, meditation, and reading as a method of stress management or to create a peaceful atmosphere in their home or other environments, and is often associated with environmentalism and New Age spirituality. The harmonies in new-age music are generally modal, consonant, or include a drone bass, and are often structured as variations on a theme. The melodies are sometimes recordings of nature sounds and used as an introduction to a track or throughout the piece. Pieces of up to thirty minutes are common.

New age includes both electronic forms, frequently relying on sustained synth pads or long sequencer-based runs, and acoustic forms, featuring instruments such as flutes, piano, acoustic guitar and a wide variety of non-western acoustic instruments. Vocal arrangements were initially rare in new age, but as it has evolved vocals have become more common.

Stylistic origins Electronic music, folk music, ambient music, progressive rock, world music, minimal music

Typical instruments Piano, synthesizer, sampler, sequencer, strings, found sounds (often bird song or whale song, waterfalls, etc), folk and ethnic instruments, acoustic guitar, flutes, harp, sitar, tamboura, tabla, organ Sormina We present to you the Sormina, which is an electronic instrument designed by Juhani Raisanen for the sole purpose of combining traditional musical instrument material with the goodness of technology like wireless support. Sormina is easy to hold in your hand just like a violin but has the goodness of any modern day electronic instrument that can produce electronic sounds and visual output too with the help of wireless connectivity. Flute The Native American Flute has gained worldwide fame in recent years for it's distinctive sound and prominent use in New Age and World Music recordings. However, it's traditional use was originally highly personal and meditative. It was played largely without accompaniment during courtship, healing, and spiritual rituals. A common folk tale relates that the discovery of the flute occurred when people noticed the beautiful sound of the wind blowing through holes in tree branches that had been put there by the woodpecker. Tanpura 5-string instrumental tamburi, for accompanying sitar or sarod. The tanpura (or tambura, tanpuri) is a long-necked plucked string instrument found in various forms in Indian music; it does not play melody but rather supports and sustains the melody of another instrument or singer by providing a continuous harmonic bourdon or drone. A tanpura is not played in rhythm with the soloist or percusionist: as the precise timing of plucking a cycle of four strings in a continuous loop is a determinant factor in the resultant sound, it is played unchangingly during the complete performance. The repeated cycle of plucking all strings creates the sonic canvass on which the melody of the raga is drawn. The combined sound of all strings is very rich in harmonics that will enhance the resonance of the tones sung or played to the accompaniment of a fine tanpura. It has four or five (rarely six) metal strings, which are plucked one after another in a regular pattern to create a harmonic resonance on the basic note or keynote.Size of a standard female tanpura is Size: L 122 cm; W 40 cm; D 32 cm, Weight about 2, 2 kgFull Size Tanpura male (approx. 56" length) and female styles (approx. 52" length)Professional Full Size Tanpura 4 strings, Miraj style seasoned wood for exceptional tonal quality, Available in male (~ 56" length) and female (~ 52" length) styles(http://www.indianmusicinstitute.com/tanpura.html)

Piano The piano (an abbreviation of pianoforte) is a musical instrument played using a keyboard. It is widely used in classical and jazz music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music, accompaniment, and for composing and rehearsal. Although the piano is not portable and often expensive, its versatility and ubiquity have made it one of the world's most familiar musical instruments.

A piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, and a row of black and white keys (52 white keys and 36 black keys). The strings are sounded when the keys are pressed down, and are silenced when the keys are released. The note can be sustained, even when the keys are released, by the use of pedals at the bottom of the piano.

The standard width of a grand piano is also about 5'. The length varies from 4' to 9'. The total floor space allowance for the smallest grand should be at least 5' wide by 6' long, including bench space. Grand pianos are measure by the length from the very front of the keyboard to the farthest end of the piano along the spine, with the lid closed. The smallest Steinway is 5 ft. 1 in. (The size stated is always the over-all length of an instrument.) There are several types of grand pianos, based on piano length.

Small Grand under 4' to 5| Baby Grand 5 to 55| Medium Grand 56 to 59|Living Room Grand - 5'10"|Professional Grand - 6 Drawing Room Grand - 6'4" | Parlour Grand 6'8" | Semi Concert Grand 74 | Concert Grand - 8' 11' and larger

String instrument String instruments or stringed instruments are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings. In most strings instruments, the vibrations are transmitted to the body of the instrument, which also vibrates, along with the air inside it. In the Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification, used in organology, they are called chordophones. Some common instruments in the string family are violin, guitar, sitar, electric bass, viola, cello, harp, double bass, rabab, banjo, mandolin, ukulele, and bouzouki.Music sequencer A music sequencer (or simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information in several forms, typically MIDI or CV/Gate, and possibly audio and automation data for DAWs and plug-ins.

2. Dance Music Dance music is music composed specifically to facilitate or accompany dancing. It can be either a whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. In terms of performance, the major categories are live dance music and recorded dance music. While there exist attestations of the combination of dance and music in ancient times Dance music works often bear the name of the corresponding dance, e.g. waltzes, the tango, the bolero, the can-can, minuets, salsa, various kinds of jigs and the breakdown. Other dance forms include contradance, the merengue (Dominican Republic), and the cha-cha-cha.

Trance Trance is a genre of electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s in Germany. It is characterized by a tempo of between 125 to mid 160 beats per minute, repeating melodic phrases, and a musical form that builds up and down throughout a track. Trance is a genre on its own, but also will include other styles of electronic music such as techno, house, pop, chill-out, classical music, and film music. A trance refers to a state of hypnotism and heightened consciousness. This drifting sensation is portrayed in this genre by mixing many layers and rhythms to create build and release. Germany is regarded as the birthplace of electronic trance music, with the original melodic trance sound first appearing around 1993 in Frankfurt.

Stylistic origins House, techno, acid house, chill-out, pop, classical, film score, hardcore technoCultural origins Early 1990s, GermanyTypical instruments Synthesizer, keyboard, drum machine, sequencer, sampler, DAW, Roland TR-909, Roland JP-8000

Purpose of Trance Dance Dance Trance is a fitness class first, so we give students an opportunity to lose weight, increase cardio, increase endurance and develop muscle strength. This class is great for:

*Dance students *Dance teachers *Dance fitness enthusiasts *Persons that want to lose weight *Persons that love music *Persons wanting to learn some dance moves *Moms that left their dance days behind(http://dancetrancefitness.com/dance-studio-owner-info/)

My School of Music and Dance

In My School of Music and Dance, U will learn, perceive and take pleasure in Aerial Dance, Hip Hop also tap Dance. And in Music U will come across Latin Music, New-age music as well as Dance Music.

The reason behind the selection of these genres is mainly the interest. The requirement of these genres to be taught in this school was the exposure of new music and dance to our people. Not a lot of schools alike our built or initiated. To bring a good change in folks life form, providing corporal and psychological comfort.So the step was taken accordingly.

Dance Styles

Silk Aerial Dance Hip Hop tap Dance

Music Styles African Latin Music New-Age Music Trance Dance Music