School and Community

School and Community

Adult, Child & Infant

CPRKacie Parker, EMT-P, CMA, RNA

Instructor Trainer

•Fire Exits (Where are they?)

•Bathrooms (Where are they?)

•Policy on Eating, Drinking, and/or smoking during class

•Please turn Cell phones on silent during class

•Please review the section titled “Health Precautions and Guidelines During Training: on page xi of the your manual.

House Keeping

During this course….

•If you have questions...please ask them

•If you have comments...please give them

•If you have relevant experiences...please share them

House Keeping

•Lesson 1: Before Giving Care

•Lesson 2: Checking an Ill or Injured Person

•Lesson 3: Breathing Emergencies and Conscious Choking – Adult, Child or Infant

•Lesson 4: Rescue Breathing – Child or Infant

•Lesson 5: The Cardiac Chain of Survival and Cardiac Emergencies

•Lesson 6: CPR and Unconscious Choking – Adult, Child or Infant

Course Outline

Objectives•Know how to identify and respond to an emergency

•Know the three emergency action steps.

•Know the purpose of Good Samaritan Laws

•Identify the difference between consent and implied consent

•Identify when and how to move an ill or injured person

•Identify how to minimize the risk of disease transmission

Lesson 1-Before Give Care

•By recognizing an emergency and taking immediate action to help, you give a suddenly ill or injured person the best chance for survival

•Emergencies can often be recognized because of

Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency

unusual sights, appearances, behaviors, odors or noises

As you watch the following video closely observe the actions and behaviors of the people involved.

--VIDEO—

Deciding to Act


Turn to page 2 of your book

•What were some examples in the video of people using their senses to recognize the emergency?


•What were some examples in the video of people using their senses to recognize the emergency?

•Unusual Sights*Blood *Smoke or Fire *Broken Items

•Unusual Appearance*Person is noticeably uncomfortable*Person is unconscious

•Unusual Odors*Gasoline *Natural Gas *Smoke

•Unusual Noises*Screaming*An Explosion*Glass Breaking*Tires Screeching


•There are many reasons why bystanders do not get involved in an emergency situation

•It is normal to feel hesitant or unsure about what to do

Overcoming Barriers to Act

Turn to page 3-6 of your book

•What are some reasons people are afraid to act?





•Uncertainty about the person’s condition

•Fear of catching a disease

•Fear of doing something wrong

•Fear of being sued


All states of enacted Good Samaritan laws to protect people who voluntarily give emergency care, without accepting anything in return.

•These laws, which differ from state to state, may protect you from legal liability as long as you –

•Act in Good Faith•Are not negligent•Act within the scope of your training

•You must obtain consent to help an ill or injured person

Good Samaritan Laws


•To obtain Consent –•State your Name•Tell the person you are trained in First Aid•Ask the person if you can help•Explain what you think may be wrong•Explain what you plan to do

•If a person refuses care, at least call 911 or the local emergency number.

•A person who is unconscious, confused or seriously ill may not be able to grant consent. In such cases, consent is implied.

•If the person is a minor, get consent from a parent or guardian, if present; otherwise consent is implied.

Obtaining Consent

•What precautions could you take to protect yourself from disease transmission?

•Avoid Direct Contact with – •Blood•Body Fluids

•Use Protective Equipment, such as –•Disposable gloves•CPR Breathing barriers (such as face shields and resuscitation masks)

•Wash your hands immediately after care.

Preventing Disease Transmission


•Always follow the emergency action steps –

•CHECK – the scene for safety then

•CHECK the victim for life-threatening conditions.

•CALL – 911 or the local emergency #

•CARE – for the ill or injured person

Emergency Action steps


•If you are alone, you must decide to Call First or Care First

•Call First before giving care for –•An unconscious adult or adolescent age 12 or older•A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant•An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high risk for heart problems

•Care First (give 2 minutes of care, then call 911)•An un-witnessed collapse of an unconscious person younger than age 12•Any victim of a drowning

Emergency Action steps

Identifying Life-Threatening Conditions

•Is bleeding severely.

•Has severe (critical) burns.

•Has pressure or pain in the abdomen that does not go away.

•Is vomiting blood or passing blood.

•Has a seizure that lasts more that 5 minutes or has multiple seizures.

At times, you may be unsure if EMS personnel are needed. Your first aid training will help you make this decision. In general you will call 911 or the local emergency number if the person—

•Is or becomes unconscious.

•Has trouble breathing or is breathing in a strange way.

•Has chest discomfort, pain or pressure that persists for more than 3 to 5 minutes or that goes away and comes back.


Identifying Life-Threatening Conditions

•Has seizure and is pregnant or is a diabetic.

•Fails to regain consciousness after a seizure.

•Has sudden severe headache or slurred speech.

•Appears to have been poisoned.

•Has injuries to the head, neck and back.

•Has possible broken bones.

Also call for any of these situations:

•Fire or explosion.

•Downed electrical wires.

•Swiftly moving or rapidly rising water.

•Presence of poisonous gas

•Motor vehicle collisions.

•Usually when you give first aid, you will not face hazards that require moving the person immediately

•Moving a person can lead to further injury.

•You should move a person only when you can do so safely and when there is an immediate danger.

Emergency Action Steps

•Remember, as a responder, you play a critical role when an emergency occurs. Your actions can help save a life.

•What are the emergency actions steps?

•CHECK•CALL•CARE

Before Giving Care

Cardiac Chain of Survival

Objectives•Identify the signals of shock and describe how t minimize its effects.

•Identify life-threatening and non-life-threatening conditions.

•Demonstrate how to check a conscious person for life-threatening and non-life-threatening conditions.

•Demonstrate how to check an unconscious person for life-threatening and non-life-threatening conditions.

Lesson 2-Checking an Ill or Injured Person

When you reach an ill or injured person, check first for life-threatening conditions such as unconsciousness. In many emergencies this will be obvious but in some situations you may not be able to tell.

If you are not sure whether someone is unconscious, tap him or her on the shoulder and ask if he or she is okay. Use the person’s name if you know it.

Checking an Ill or Injured Person

Speak loudly!


If you are not sure whether and infant is unconscious, check by flicking the bottom of the infant’s foot and/or tapping the infant’s shoulders and shout to see if the infant responds.

If the person does not respond to you, assume that he or she is unconscious. Have someone call 911 or the local emergency number.

Checking an Ill or Injured Person

•For purpose of first aid care, and “adult” is defined a someone who is about 12 years of age or older.

•After checking the scene, you should check the adult first for life-threatening conditions.

•Some conditions may become life threatening if not recognized and cared for early.

•Obtain consent to give care.

•A heat-to-toe examination should be done to check a conscious adult.

•Care for the person based on the conditions found.

•Take steps to minimize shock.

Checking a Conscious Adult


Checking a Conscious Person

Step 1CHECK the scene, then CHECK the person.

Step 2Obtain Consent

Step 3CALL 911 or the local emergency number for life-threatening conditions.

Step 4Ask the person—

•What is your name?•What happened?•Where do you feel pain or discomfort?•Do you have any allergies?•Do you have any medical conditions?•Are you taking any medications?


Step 5CHECK head to toe for –•Bleeding, fluids or wounds.•Skin color and temperature.•Medical ID bracelets and necklaces.•Observable signals of pain.

Checking a Conscious Person

(Tip; For infants and children, check from tow to head. Do not separate them from parent or guardian.)

Step 6Continue to monitor Airway, Breathing and Circulation (ABCs).

•For purpose of first aid, a “child” is defined as someone who is 1 to 12 years old (school age).

•For the use of pediatric AED equipment, a child is someone between the ages of 1 and 8 or weighing less than 55 pounds.

•For purposes of first aid, an “infant” is defined as someone who is less than 1 year old.

•After checking the scene, you should check the child first for life-threatening conditions.

•Some conditions may become life threatening if not recognized and cared for early.

Checking a Conscious Child or Infant


Obtain consent to give care from parent or guardian, if present.

•Checking the conscious child or infant from toe to head. It is less threatening and lets the child watch and take part. Position yourself directly in front of the child, at eye level.

•Be calm and reassuring to the child and parent or guardian.

-VIDEO-

Checking a Conscious & Unconscious Adult, Child & Infant

Checking a Conscious Child or Infant

What is shock?

Recognizing and Caring for Shock

•Shock is a life-threatening condition in which not enough blood is being delivered to all parts of the body and can result from injury or illness.


Shock is likely to develop after any serious injury or illness including severe bleeding, serious internal injury, significant fluid loss or other conditions.

•A person showing signals of shock needs immediate medical attention.

•Body systems and organs begin to fail.

•The goals of First Aid are to get help quickly and give care to minimize shock while caring for the illness or injury.

Recognizing Shock

•Restlessness or irritability.

•Altered level of consciousness.

•Nausea or vomiting.

•Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin.

•Rapid breathing and pulse.

•Excessive thirst.

Signs of Shock

•Call 911 or the local emergency number immediately. Shock cannot be managed effectively by first aid alone. A person suffering from shock requires emergency medical care as soon as possible.

•Have the person lie down. This is often the most comfortable position. Help the person rest comfortably is important because pain can intensify the body’s stress and speed up the progression of shock. Helping the person rest in a more comfortable position may lessen any pain.

Caring for Shock

•Control any external bleeding.

•Elevate the person’s legs about 12 inches, unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries or possible broken bones involving the hips or legs. If you are unsure of the person’s condition, leave him or her lying flat.

Caring for Shock

•After checking the scene and obtaining consent to give care, you should check the child or infant first for life-threatening conditions.

•One way to remember what to check for is “ABC” (Airway, Breathing and Circulation).

•To find out if the heart is beating, an additional check for signs of life includes checking for a pulse in the child or infant.

•To check for a pulse in a child you would need to feel for a carotid pulse.

Checking an Unconscious Child or Infant


•To find the carotid pulse, place your fingers on the middle of the throat and slide your fingers into the groove on the neck. Feel for the pulse on the side of the child’s neck closer to you.

•To check for a pulse in an infant, you would need to feel for a brachial pulse.

•When checking for a brachial pulse place your index and middle fingers on the middle of the inner arm between the elbow and the shoulder when the arm is raised.

Checking an Unconscious Child or Infant

Checking a Unconscious AdultStep 1CHECK scene, then CHECK person.

If breaths go in – Quickly scan the body for severe bleeding and get into position to perform CPR or use an AED.

Step 2Tap shoulder and shout, “are you okay?”

Step 3No response, CALL 911 or your local emergency number.

Step 4Open airway (tilt head, lift chin), CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.

Step 5If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.

Steps 6If breathing, place in recovery position and monitor Airway, Breathing and Circulation.


Checking a Unconscious Child

Step 1CHECK scene, then CHECK child.

Step 3Tap shoulder and shout, “Are you okay?”

Step 2Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present.

Step 4No response, CALL 911 or your local emergency number.

If alone—•Give about 2 minutes of CARE.•Then CALL 911 or the emergency number.

Step 5 Open airway (tilt head, lift chin), CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.


If breaths do not go in—Give care for unconscious choking.If pulse, but no breathing—Give rescue breathing.OrIf no pulse—give CPR or use an AED.

Checking a Unconscious Child


Step 7If breaths go in, CHECK for pulse (and severe bleeding).

Step 8If breathing, place is recovery position and monitor ABCs.

Checking a Unconscious Infant

If breaths do not go in—Give care for unconscious choking.If pulse, but no breathing– Give rescue breathing Or If no pulse—give CPR.


Step 8If breaths go in, CHECK for pulse (and severe bleeding).

Step 9If breathing, place in recovery position and monitor ABCs.


Checking a Unconscious InfantStep 1CHECK scene, then CHECK infant.

Step 4No response, CALL 911 or the local emergency number.

If alone—•Give about 2 minutes of CARE.•Then CALL 911 or local emergency number.

Step 2Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present.

Step 3Flick foot or tap shoulder and shout, “Are you okay?”

Step 5If an unconscious infant is face-down roll face-up support head, neck and back.

Step 6Open airway (tilt head, lift chin) CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.

-VIDEO-

How to give Rescue Breaths -- Adult

Rescue Breathing Adult


Rescue Breathing Adult

Step 1Tilt head and lift chin, then pinch the nose shut.

Step 2Take a breath and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth.

Step 3Blow in to make chest clearly rise.

(TIP: Each rescue breath should last about 1 second.)

If breaths go in—Give CPR or use an AED.If breaths do not go in—Give care for unconscious choking.


•Unconsciousness

Life-Threatening Conditions

•Not breathing or having trouble breathing

•Choking

•Persistent chest pain

•No signs of life (movement or breathing)

•Severe burns

•Shock

ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will know --

•Prevention strategies to decrease the risk of breathing emergencies

•The signals of breathing emergencies

•Demonstrate how to care for a conscious choking person

Lesson 3-Breathing Emergencies

•A breathing emergency occurs when a person is having trouble breathing or cannot breathe at all.

•There are different conditions that may cause a breathing emergency including injury, illness, or disease

•Breathing emergencies caused by asthma can be prevents by the person following his or her physician’s guidance and taking prescribed medications

•Breathing emergencies related to allergic reactions can be prevents by recognizing the first signals of an allergic reaction and getting help immediately.

Breathing Emergencies


Signals of Breathing Emergencies

•Trouble breathing•Slow or rapid breathing•Unusually deep or shallow breathing•Gasping for breath•Wheezing, gurgling or making high-pitched noises

•Unusually moist or cool skin

•Flushed, pale, ashen or bluish skin color

•Shortness of breath

•Dizziness or lightheadedness

•Pain in the chest or tingling in hands, feet or lips

•Apprehensive or fearful feelings

•Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead to death

•Common Causes of Choking include – •Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food•Drinking alcohol before or during meals•Wearing dentures•Eating while talking excitedly or laughing, or eating to fast•Walking, playing or running with food or objects in the mouth

•A person with a partial airway obstruction can still move air to and from the lungs, so he or she can cough in attempt to dislodge the object.

•A person with a complete airway obstruction is unable to cough, speak or breathe.

•A person who is choking may clutch at his or her throat. This gesture is known as the universal sign of choking.

Conscious Choking


-- Video –Conscious Choking Adult, Child & Infant

**As you practice with your partner the proper techniques be sure to simulate giving back

blows and abdominal thrust.**

Conscious Choking

•Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead to death if not cared for immediately.

•What actions do I perform if I find an adult victim who can not talk, cough or breathe?

•What actions do I perform if I find an child who is coughing forcefully?

•Encourage coughing and at any point they stop coughing and can no longer talk, cough or breathe I do 5 Back Blows and 5 Abdominal Thrust.

•What actions do I perform if I find an infant who can not talk, cough or breathe?

Conscious Choking

•5 Back Blows•5 Abdominal Thrust

•5 Back Blows•5 Abdominal Thrust

Conscious Choking Adult

Step 1CHECK scene, then CHECK person

Step 2Have someone CALL 911 or local emergency number

Step 3Obtain consent

Step 4Lean the person forward and give 5 back blows with the heel of your hand

Step 5Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts(Give chest thrusts to a choking person who is pregnant or too big for you to reach around.)

Step6Continue back blows and abdominal thrusts until—Object is forced outPerson can breathe or cough forcefullyPerson becomes unconscious


Conscious Choking Child



Step 3Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present

Step 4Lean the person forward and give 5 back blows with the heel of your hand

Step 5Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts(For a child, stand or kneel behind the child depending on his or her size.)



Conscious Choking Infant



Step 3Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present

Step 4Give 5 back blows with the heel of your hand

Step 5Give 5 chest thrusts(Hold head and neck securely when giving back blows and chest thrust.)



Objectives•How to recognize when a person has stopped breathing.

•Demonstrate how to give rescue breathing.

Lesson 4-Rescue Breathing Child or Infant

•Rescue breathing is a process of breathing air into a child who is not breathing.

•This condition is commonly caused by injury, illness or choking.

•When giving rescue breathing to a child, give 1 breath every 3 seconds and check for signs of life about every minute.

•Each rescue breath should last about 1 second. With each breath, watch the chest clearly rise and fall.

•Continue rescue breathing as long as signs of life are present and the child is not breathing.

Rescue Breathing Child


•It is natural to feel uncomfortable about making mouth-to-mouth contact with a stranger. However, it is important to know that the risk of disease transmission is very low when giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.•A resuscitation mask or face shield (also known as a CPR breathing barrier) may reduce the risk of disease transmission between the responder and the child.•Rescue breathing should not be delayed because you do not have a breathing barrier or do not know how to use one.•Respiratory arrest, if not cared for quickly, can lead to a cardiac emergency.


•Rescue breathing is a process of breathing air into an infant who is not breathing.

•This condition is commonly caused by injury, illness or choking.

•When giving rescue breathing to an infant, give 1 breath every 3 seconds and check for signs of life about every 2 minutes. Ensure that you make a seal over the infant’s mouth and nose.

•Each rescue breath should last about 1 second. With each breath, watch the chest clearly rise and fall.

•Continue rescue breathing as long as signs of life are present and the infant is not breathing.

Rescue Breathing Infant


•It is natural to feel uncomfortable about making mouth-to-mouth contact with a stranger. However, it is important to know that the risk of disease transmission is very low when giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

•A resuscitation mask or face shield (also know as CPR breathing barrier) may reduce the risk of disease transmission between the responder and the infant.

•Rescue breathing should not be delayed because you do not have a breathing barrier or know how to use one.

•Respiratory arrest, if not cared for quickly, can lead to a cardiac emergency.

-VIDEO-

Rescue Breathing Child & Infant



Step 1Give 1 rescue breath about every 3 seconds.•Pinch nose shut.•Make seal over child’s mouth.•Blow in to make chest clearly rise.

(Each rescue breath should last about 1 second.)

Step 2After about 2 minutes, recheck signs of life and pulse for no more than 10 seconds.

If pulse, but no breathing—continue rescue breathing.If no pulse—give CPR or use an AED.



Step 1Give 1 rescue breath about every 3 seconds.•Seal mouth over Infant’s mouth and nose.•Blow in to make chest clearly rise.

(Each rescue breath should last about 1 second.)

Step 2After about 2 minutes, recheck signs of life and pulse for no more than 10 seconds.

If pulse, but no breathing—continue rescue breathing.If no pulse—give CPR.


ObjectivesAfter completing this lesson, you will know --

•How to recognize the signals of a cardiac emergency

•How to care for a heart attack

•The links of the Cardiac Chain of Survival

Lesson 5-The Cardiac Chain of Survival

•Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in both men and women.

•Taking steps to prevent heart disease or to reduce your risk of heart disease is one of the most important things you can do for your health.

Preventing Heart Disease


The following statements represent a heart healthy lifestyle that can reduce your chances of heart disease. Check each statement that reflects your lifestyle.

1. I do not smoke and I avoid inhaling the smoke of others.

2. I eat a balanced diet that limits my intake of saturated fat and cholesterol.

3. I participate in continuous, vigorous physical activity for 20 to 30 minutes or more at least three times a week.

4. I have my blood pressure checked regularly.

5. I maintain an appropriate weight.

Heart Healthy IQ

If you did not check two or more of the statements, you should consider making changes in your lifestyle no.


•What is a heart attack?•When a heart muscle is damaged from a lack of oxygen and blood supply by either disease or trauma. A heart attack can eventually lead to cardiac arrest, a condition in which the heart stops functioning altogether.

-- Video—Signals of a Heart Attack

and the Cardiac Chain of Survival

Recognizing a Heart Attack

•What signals did the person have in the video?



•What signals did the person have in the video?


•Persistent Chest Pain or pressure that lasts longer than 3-5 minutes or goes away and comes back.

•Chest pain spreading to the shoulders, neck, jaw, or arms

•Shortness of breath or trouble breathing

•Nausea or vomiting

•Dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting

•Pale, ashen (grayish) or bluish skin

•Sweating


•A person having a heart attack may deny that he or she has any signals

•Both men and women experience the most common heart attack signal, which is chest pain or discomfort. Women are somewhat more likely to experience some of the other warning signals, particularly shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting and back or jaw pain.

•Women also tend to delay telling others about their signals to avoid bothering or worrying others.



Signals of a Heart Attack

•Persistent chest discomfort lasting more than 3 to 5 minutes.

•Discomfort, pain or pressure in either arm, back or stomach.

•Discomfort, pain or pressure that spreads to the shoulder, arm, neck or jaw.

•Dizziness, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness.

•Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath and breathing that is faster than normal.

•Nausea.

•Pale or ashen-looking skin.

•Sweating—face may be moist or person may be sweating profusely.


Main Cause of a Heart Attack

Buildup of fatty materials on the inner walls of the arteries reduces blood flow to the heart muscle and may cause a heart attack.

•CPR alone is not enough to help someone survive a cardiac arrest (a condition in which the heart stops functioning altogether). Advanced medical care is needed as soon as possible. This is why it is so important to call 911 immediately.

•The greatest chance of survival from cardiac arrest occurs when the following sequence of events happens as rapidly as possible –


•Early Recognition and Early Access

•Early CPR

•Early Defibrillation's

•Early Advanced Medical Care


•An Automated External Defibrillated (AED) is a device that analyzes the heart’s electrical rhythm and, if necessary, prompts a responder to deliver a shock using the AED to a person experiencing sudden cardiac arrest.

•Defibrillation is an electric shock that interrupts the heart’s chaotic electrical activity, most often ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib), during sudden cardiac arrest. The shock may help the heart restore its ability to function as a pump.


•CPR helps to circulate blood that contains oxygen to the brain and vital organs when the heart stops.

•In a cardiac emergency, it is vital to call 911.

•Can you name the steps of the Cardiac Chain of Survival?

•Early recognition and Early Access

•Early CPR

•Early Defibrillation

•Early Advanced Medical Care

Cardiac Emergencies

Objectives•Demonstrate how to give CPR.

•Demonstrate how to clear an obstructed airway or an unconscious person.

Lesson 6-CPR and Unconscious Choking – Adult, Child or Infant

•If a person is in cardiac arrest, he or she is unconscious, not breathing and shows no other signs of life.

•Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can help circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital organs by a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths.

CPR Adult


•If you attempt rescue breathing but are unable to make the chest clearly rise, you must act quickly to get air into the person. Care for an unconscious choking adult is very similar to the skill of adult CPR, with the exception that you look for a foreign object between compressions and breaths. Chest compressions are used to help force air from the person’s lungs to dislodge the object.

Unconscious Choking Adult


•As discussed earlier, unlike adults, children seldom initially suffer a cardiac emergency. Instead, they suffer a respiratory emergency that develops into a cardiac emergency. •Motor vehicle crashes, drowning, smoke inhalation, poisoning, airway obstruction, firearm injuries and falls are all common causes of respiratory emergencies. That can develop into a cardiac emergency.•A cardiac emergency can also result from an acute respiratory condition, such as a severe asthma attack. Less commonly, a cardiac emergency may occur due to congenital heart disease or from blunt impact to the chest (such as Commotio Cordis).

CPR Child


•If a child is in cardiac arrest, he or she is unconscious, not breathing and shows no signs of life. CPR can help circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital organs. CPR is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths.

CPR Child

•If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to make the chest clearly rise, you must act quickly to get air into the child. Care for an unconscious choking child is very similar to the skill of child CPR, with the exception that you look for a foreign object between compressions and breaths. Chest compressions are used to help force air from the child’s lungs to dislodge the object.

Unconscious Choking Child


•Cardiac emergencies are rare in an otherwise healthy infant.

•Cardiac emergencies in infants are usually preceded by trauma or a breathing emergency, like drowning or choking, or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

•Infants born with genetic or congenital problems also might be at an increased risk for cardiac emergencies because of problems with their heart’s structure or function.l

•If an infant is in cardiac arrest, he or she is unconscious, not breathing and shows no signs of life. CPR can help to circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital organs. CPR is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths.

CPR Infant


•If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to make the chest clearly rise, you must act quickly to get air into the infant. Care for an unconscious choking infant is very similar to the skill of infant CPR, with the exception that you look for a foreign object between compressions and breaths. Chest compressions are used to help force air from the infant’s lungs to dislodge the object.

-VIDEO-

Unconscious Choking & CPR

Adult, Child & Infant

Unconscious Choking Infant


CPR Adult

Step 1Give cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths.

Step 2Continue CPR until –•Scene becomes unsafe.•You find a sign of life.•AED is ready to use.•You are too exhausted to continue•Another trained responder arrives and takes over.

Use an AED as soon as one becomes available.



Step 1Tilt head farther back.Try 2 rescue breaths again.

Step 2If chest does not rise—Give 30 chest compressions.(Remove breathing barrier when giving chest compressions.)

Step 3Look for an object.

Step 4Remove if one is seen.

Step 5 Try 2 rescue breathings.

If breaths do not go in—Continue steps 2 – 5.•If breaths go in—•Check for signs of life.•Give care based on conditions found.



CPR Child



Use an AED as soon as one becomes available.If pulse, but no breathing, give rescue breathing.











CPR Infant



If no signs of life—continue CPR.If a pulse, but no breathing—give rescue breathing.











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