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SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION SPARC EUROPE. Open Archives, Open Access and the Scholarly Communication Process David Prosser • SPARC Europe Director ([email protected]). SPARC EUROPE AND LIBER. Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition Europe - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION
SPARC EUROPE
Open Archives, Open Access and the Scholarly Communication Process
David Prosser • SPARC Europe Director([email protected])
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SPARC EUROPE AND LIBER
Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition Europe
Formed in 2002 following the success of SPARC (launched in 1998 by the US Association of Research Libraries)
Encourages partnership between libraries, academics, societies and responsible publishers
Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes de Recherche (LIBER)
Principal association of the major research libraries of Europe
Plays an active role in shaping a long-term vision for the development of a European research library network
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The Global Journals Problem
Dissatisfaction with the current scholarly communication model
Even the wealthiest institution cannot purchase access to all the information that all of its researchers require
Site-licenses and consortia deals have helped, but mainly in the richest countries
Many commercial publishers charge extra for online access – so causing more pressure on budgets
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Budapest Open Access Initiative
Two complementary strategies: Self-Archiving: Scholars should be able
to deposit their refereed journal articles in open electronic archives which conform to Open Archives Initiative standards
Open-Access Journals: Journals will not charge subscriptions or fees for online access. Instead, they should look to other sources to fund peer-review and publication (e.g., publication charges)
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Disaggregated system
Scholarly publishing comprises four functions:
Disaggregated models: Allow functions to be fulfilled independently – Lower prices by increasing cost efficiency
– introduces competition throughout value chain
– forces market efficiency of individual links
ARCHIVINGPreserving research
for future use
AWARENESSAssuring
accessibility of research
CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research
REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual
priority
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How institutional repositories?
ARCHIVINGPreserving research
for future use
AWARENESSAssuring
accessibility of research
CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research
REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual
priority
Institutional repositories supply basic step of initial registration
Accommodate increased volume of research output
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How institutional repositories?
ARCHIVINGPreserving research
for future use
AWARENESSAssuring
accessibility of research
CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research
REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual
priority
Certification necessary to validate registration Independent certification carried out by open
access journals in same way as at present – peer review is medium and business model independent!
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How institutional repositories?
ARCHIVINGPreserving research
for future use
AWARENESSAssuring
accessibility of research
CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research
REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual
priority
Awareness services enabled by OAI-compliance & interoperability
Search engines index the metadata harvested from federated repositories (e.g., descriptive metadata, references, certification metadata, usage information)
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How institutional repositories?
ARCHIVINGPreserving research
for future use
AWARENESSAssuring
accessibility of research
CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research
REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual
priority
No final answer on archiving However, disaggregation helps put librarians—
rather than journal publishers—in charge of digital archiving
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How the pieces work together
Open repositories lessen or eliminate the content monopoly of
journals.
Societies, publishers, institutions, new entrants are
service providers.
Author
Content Services
Reader
Institutional Repositories
Disciplinary Repositories
Peer-to-peerRepositories
Inte
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Registratione.g.: by
institutions
Certificatione.g.: peer review
Awarenesse.g.: search tools, linking
Archivinge.g.: by library
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How the pieces work together
Standards ensure that information about the fulfillment of functions can travel across system, be shared by nodes.
Author
Content Services
Reader
Institutional Repositories
Disciplinary Repositories
Peer-to-peerRepositories
Inte
rop
erab
ilit
y S
tan
dar
ds
Registration
Certification
Awareness
Archiving
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Why institutional repositories?
Local & immediate Expands access to &
impact of research Increases institutional
visibility & prestige by clarifying institutional sources of research
Demonstrates institution’s value to funding sources
Global & long-term Key component in
evolving disaggregated scholarly publishing model
Part of global network of interoperable, distributed content repositories
Institutional repositories complement the existing scholarly publishing model.
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Theory Into Practice- Institutional Repositories
Eprints.org – Southampton produced software D-Space – MIT Repository, expanding to
Cambridge, UK CDSWare – CERN ARNO – Tilburg, Amsterdam, Twente
SHERPA – UK DARE – The Netherlands
SPARC Resources – (http://www.arl.org/sparc/core/index.asp?page=m0)
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Theory Into Practice- Institutional Repositories
Australian National University Universite de Montreal
Aalborg University LMU Munchen
Humboldt-Universitat Utrecht University
Lund Universitet CERN
National University of Ireland University of Bath
University of Glasgow University of Nottingham
California Digital Library Caltech
MIT Academy of Sciences, Belarus
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Theory Into Practice- Service Providers
Arc Search engine Callima Search engine citebaseSearch Search engine (with citation ranking) CYCLADES Search engine DP9 Presents OAI archives hidden in the deep
Internet iCite Citation indexing system covering physics
journals my.OAI Search engine NCSTRL Unified access to archives in computer sciences OAIster Search engine Perseus Search engine in humanities Public Knowledge Discipline-specific OAI metadata harvesting
Harvester service Scirus Elsevier Science search engine TORII Unified access to various open archives (physics
and computer Science)
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Practical issues
Impediment to formal publication? Trend for publishers to accept that online
posting is not prior publication Develop discipline-specific policies
Intellectual property issues Repository registration protects priority Retain rights to e-print No more plagiarism online than offline
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Practical issues
Perceived quality Label & differentiate types of content Reveal certification methods
Undermines existing journals? Repositories coexist with existing
publishing system
Faculty work load Put library in charge of metadata tagging,
formatting and reformatting, etc.
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Practical issues
Rewarding faculty participation Should institutions reward registration in
institutional repository? Should funding agencies reward
institutions and scholars for registration in institutional repositories?
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Next Steps – The Human Issue?
Engage support of scholarly societies. Exchange information on strategies with
other OAI providers. Identify alternative rewarding strategies. Encourage the development of open
access journals
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Current Research Information Systems
Many funding bodies maintain databases of research grants
Can these databases be integrated with institutional repositories?
Provide complete information record – from initial grant proposal through to final published papers
CRIS 2004 – Antwerp, May 13-15 http://www.eurocris.org/conferences/cris2004/index.html
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Open Access Journals
SPARC open access journal partners: Algebraic and Geometric Topology BioMed Central (published 2500+ papers) Documenta Mathematica Calif. Digital Library eScholarship Geometry & Topology Journal of Insect Science Journal of Machine Learning Research New Journal of Physics
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Open Access Journals
Two new journals from the Public Library of SciencePLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine
Indian Academy of Sciences has made their 11 journals available free online
Lund Directory of Open Access Journals (http://www.doaj.org/) – almost 500 peer-reviewed open access journals
Sabo – ‘Public Access to Science’ Act
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Create Change!
“ An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. ”
Budapest Open Access Initiative, Feb. 14, 2002
3rd Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative (OAI)13-14 February 2004 CERN, SWITZERLAND
Contact SPARC Europe: [email protected]