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Schizophrenia and Personality Disorders
Schizophrenia
• Characterized by disorganized through and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions– Delusion – irrational, unjustifiable, usually paranoid,
belief of persecution by an unseen entity, delusions of grandeur (I’m Napoleon)
– Hallucinations: perception of non-existent, external stimuli, usually auditory but can be visual (rarely)
• May result from breakdown of selective attention
• Inappropriate emotions and actions related to schizophrenia– May laugh at a funeral, get angry at a child’s
birthday party for no reason– Flat affect – emotionless state
Onset and development
• Psychology: Triggering experiences, genes predisposed to react to trauma
• Biochemical – 6x the normal amount of dopamine receptors: dopamine hypothesis– Which type of medication is going to be
necessary to treat schizophrenia?
Other possible links
• prenatal virus that affects brain development, possibly in the thalamus. – People conceived in Winter months are more apt to develop
schizophrenia in Northern hemisphere, while the reverse is true in the Southern.
• Amphetamines and cocaine sometimes intensify symptoms. – Dopamine is also associated with physical movement, disruption
of it is associated with schizophrenia.
• Brain anatomy: they have abnormal brain tissue, low frontal lobe activity.
• Thalamus—reactions are smaller than normal and are reactive--that may cause brain overstimulation.
Genetic links
• Genetic factors
• Definite genetic link: the closer you are genetically to someone with Schizophrenia, the more likely you are to get it.
• 1 in 100 people get it.
• 1 in 10 of siblings
• 1 in 2 identical twins, even if raised apart
Rule of Thirds
• About 1/3 of people who develop schizophrenia have one episode, 1/3 have recurring episodes, and 1/3 are chronic with unremitting symptoms
Personality Disorders
• Characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
• Prognosis for treatment is usually not very good
Antisocial (previously Asocial or sociopathic disorder)
• Usually men
• Usually emerges before 15 Person may be aggressive and/or
ruthless. Deceiving or conning others or be
aggressive sexually with no remorse. Psychopaths, serial killers, sociopaths.
Histrionic
• displays shallow, attention-getting behaviors, feeling uncomfortable when not the center of attention.
• Acting in an aggressive, sexual way that makes others uncomfortable
• Rapid shifting of emotions. Dressing provocatively to gain attention, speaks in dramatic tones.
Narcissistic
• Preoccupied with themselves and an exaggerated sense of their own importance-self-focused, self-inflating
• What’s the difference between Narcissistic and Histrionic?
Schizoid
• eccentric behavior expressed as emotionless disengagement
Avoidant
• Anxiety expressed through fearful sensitivity to rejection causing sufferer to withdraw
• Which other types of disorders does this sound like?
Borderline
• unstable sense of self; • rapidly changing affect; • will be clingy one minute and then hostile
the next; try to pull people close and then do things to drive them away;
• very manipulative to gain attention; unstable relationships;
• Very poor prognosis for recovery, so some therapists won’t even treat them.