SCHEME OF COURSE

I SEMESTER

Paper

code

Title Teaching

/practicl

e

hrs

/week

Marks

for

Theory/

practicle

Marks

for

IA/viva-

voce

Total

marks

Theory papers

ES 1.1 Environmental biology 4 80 20 100

ES 1.2 Environmental Chemistry and

geosciences

4 80 20 100

ES 1.3 Environmental statistics and

computer application

4 80 20 100

ES 1.4 Environmental physics and

mathematical modeling

4 80 20 100

PRACTICLE PAPERS

ES 1.5 Environmental biology Chemistry

and geosciences

4 40 10 50

Es 1.6 Environmental statistics and

computer application

Environmental physics and

mathematical modelling

4 40 10 50

II SEMESTER

Paper

code

Title Teaching

/practicl

e

hrs

/week

Marks

for

Theory/

practicle

Marks

for

IA/viva-

voce

Total

marks

Theory papers

ES 2.1 Environmental instrumentation 4 80 20 100

ES 2.2 Environmental pollution monitoring

and control

4 80 20 100

ES 2.3 Environmental toxicology 4 80 20 100

ES 2.4 Environmental energitics 4 80 20 100

PRACTICLE PAPERS

ES 2.5 Environmental instrumentation

and Environmental pollution

monitoring and control

4 40 10 50

Es 2.6 Environmental toxicology and

energitics

4 40 10 50

III SEMESTER

Paper

code

Title Teaching

/practicl

e

hrs

/week

Marks

for

Theory/

practicle

Marks

for

IA/viva-

voce

Total

marks

Theory papers

ES 3.1 Waste monitoring and management 4 80 20 100

ES3.2 Natural resources and management 4 80 20 100

ES 3.3 Remote sensing GIS and

environmental informatics

4 80 20 100

ES 3.4 Environmental engineering and

technology

4 80 20 100

PRACTICLE PAPERS

ES 3.5 Natural resources and Waste

management

4 40 10 50

Es 3.6 Remote sensing GIS and

environmental informatics and

Environmental engineering

4 40 10 50

IV semester

Paper

code

Title Teaching

/practicl

e

hrs

/week

Marks

for

Theory/

practicle

Marks

for

IA/viva-

voce

Total

marks

Theory papers

ES 4.1 Environmental impact assessment

And environmental disaster

management

4 80 20 100

ES 4.2 Environmental education and

legislation

4 80 20 100

Project /seminar/extensions:

ES 4.3 Extension activities and

seminar/colloquium

4 100 - 100

ES 4.4 Project work 12 150 50 100

MSc Environmental Science Syllabus

I Semester

ES 1.1 Environmental Biology (48 hours)

Unit 1

Definition, Principal and Scope of Environmental biology; multidisciplinary facts of

environment, man and environment (2 hours)

Unit 2

Ecosystem: Fundamental Concepts and Principles; structure and function, food chain and

food wave. Classification of ecosystem: Fresh water, marine, estuarine and terrestrial

ecosystems; salient features of major communities (6 hours)

Unit 3

Primary and secondary production – definition, measurement of productivity in terrestrial

and aquatic pathways in ecosystem; Basic laws of energy flow; energy flow models

(6 hours)

Unit 4

Biodiversity: Definition, biodiversity hotspot of world and India and strategies for its

conservation. CBD and Agenda 21, national parks and sanctuaries, biosphere reserves;

Ecological indicators, endemic and RET species, concept of keystone and flagship species,

biodiversity of agro-ecosystem and sacred groves (4 hours)

Unit 5

Forest ecosystem: definition and characteristics; forests’ influence on climatic regulations,

flood and soil erosion control and wild habitat protection, maintaining hydrology, nutrient

cycling and moisture conservation; greenbelt and its influence on urban environment;

carbon sequestration and Kyoto Convention; effect of fire on forest ecosystem – soil,

moisture, nutrient content, micro and macro fauna (6 hours)

Unit 6

Environmental Microbiology: Microbes in air, water, waste water; soil sampling techniques;

identification of airborne allergens and airborne diseases; microbiological aspects in

drinking water and distribution; indicator microorganism – MPN and MF technique;

biofouling, biofilm and biocorrosion; antibiotic resistant bacteria in drinking water and their

implications (10 hours)

Unit 7

Food and medical microbiology: types of microorganisms in vegetables, meat, poultry and

dairy products; spoilage of food: factors influencing spoilage - methods of detection –

physical, chemical and bioassay; microbial contamination in hospitals: microbial infections;

control strategies (9 hours)

Unit 8

Environmental Biotechnology: roll of microbes in mining, oil leak – degradation, industrial

water treatment, implications of GMOs and transgenic plants on native biota and

environment; introduction to fermentation technology. (5 hours)

References:

1. Beagon, Morter and Townsend (2004) Individual Population and Communities.

Blackwell Scientific Publishers.

2. Odum E P (1971). Fundamental Ecology, 3rd ed. Saunders.

3. Kormondy E J (1962) Concept of Ecology, Prentice Hall.

4. Singh H R (1989) Animal Ecology and Environmental Biology. Nagin Chand and Co.

5. Eiseth G D and Baumgarderner K D (1981) Population Biology, Van Nos Strand Co.,

NY

6. Phillipson F H (1980) Ecological Energetic

7. Michael J Pelezar ET. al., (1986) Microbiology 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co.

8. Michel J. Pelczar et.al (1994) Microbiology-Concepts and applications McGrav-Hill

Inc.

9. Murtin Alexander (1983). Introduction to Soil Microbiology 2nd ED., Wiley enstern

Ltd.

10. Powar C.B. and Daginwala H.F. (1985). General Microbiology, Vol. I & II, 2nd Ed.,

Himalaya Publishing House.

11. Bhattacharya R.N. (1993), Experiments with microorganisms, Reprint, Emkay

Publications, New Delhi.

12. Pepper, W., (1995), Environmental Microbiology, A.P. Publishers.

13. Oliver S. Owen (1980), Natural Resources conservation-An Ecological approach, 3rd

Ed., Macmillan Publishing Co.Inc. New York.

14. Daniel D. Chiras (1994(. Environmental Science, 4th Ed., The Benjamin / Cummings

publishing Co., Inc.

E.S. 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND GEOSCIENCES 48 hrs.

Unit 1: Fundamentals of Environmental chemistry: Concept and Scope, Stochiometry. Gibbs

energy, Chemical potential, chemical equilibria, acid based reactions solubility

product, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, unsaturated and

saturated hydrocarbons (Laws of thermodynamics). 10 hrs.

Unit 2: Soil Chemistry: Inorganic and organic components of soil, Chemical properties of

Soil-Saline. Acidic and Alkaline soils – Micro and Macro Nutrients of soil, Nitrogen,

Phosphorus and Potassium Pathways in the soil. 03 hrs

Unit 3 : Instrumentation and Analytical Techniques : Theoretical principles of Analytical

Techniques –titrimetry ,neutralization, perception, gravimetry, conductometry pH

meter, colorimetry, spectrometry, UV-Vis and IR spectrophotometer and AAS.

Nephelometry, flame spectrometry and fluimetry; Chromatographic techniques:

Paper, Thin Layer, Gas and Gas – Liquid Chromatography, HPLC X-ray florescence

x-ray diffraction, Electrophoresis. 10 hrs

Unit 4: Environmental Geochemistry: Concepts of major, trace and rare elements

Classification and Mobility of trace elements. Geochemical cycles. (Biogeochemical

factors in environmental health and possible effects of imbalance 4hrs.

Unit 5: Environmental Geo Sciences: Fundamentals and concepts, scope & application.

Origin & structure of earth. 2 hrs.

Unit 6: The Earth Systems and Biosphere: Structure and composition of lithosphere,

hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Geographical classification and zones of

Environment. Energy budget of the earth. Earth’s thermal environmental and

seasons. General relationship between landscapes, biomes and climate. Climate of

India. Indian Monsoon, Elnino, droughts, Tropical cyclones and westerly

disturbances. 8hrs.

Unit 7: Petrology and Structural Geology: Classification of rock; Folds, faults, dykes and

other geological formations and their environmental significance. 06 hrs.

Unit 8: Water Resources and Environment: Global water balance, Ice sheet and, fluctuations

of sea levels. Origin and composition of seawater. Hydrological cycle. Mineral

resources of oceans. Human usage of surface and ground water. Ground water.

Ground water potential 5hrs.

References :

1. Sharma B.K. & Kaur H. (1995). Environmental Chemistry, I Ed., Goel Publishing

House.

2. De A.K. (1989), Environmental Chemistry, II Ed., Wiley Eastern Limited.

3. Bailey, R.A. (1978) Chemistry of the Environment, Academic Press.

4. Tyagi O D and Mehra M. (1990). Text Book of Environmental Chemistry, I Ed., Anmol

Publications.

5. Charles R. Goldman and Alexander J. Horene (1983). Limology, Me Graw – Hill.

6. Biswas T.D and Mukherjee S.K. (1987). Text book of Soil Science IV Ed., Me Graw-Hill.

7. Strahler & Strahler (1970), Environmental Geology, Wiley & Sons, New York.

8. Valdiya K.S. (1985). Environmental Geology Allied Publishers N.Y.

9. Carla W. Montgomery (1989). Environmental Geology, Wm C. Brown Publshers.

Dubuuguo Lowa.

10. Peter T. Flawn (1970). Environmental Geology, Harper and Row, N.Y.

11. William D. Thornbury, (1984) Principles of Geomorphology, First Willey Eamern

print.

12. Berry I.G., Mason Brian and R.V. Dietrich (1985), Mineralogy, CBS Publishers &

Distributors.

13. Rudey’s Elements of Mineralogy, 27th Ed., Revised by C.D., Gribbls (1991), CBS

Publishers & Distributors.

14. Edward A Keller (1981). Environmental Geology, third Edition, Charles E. Merill Pub.

Co.

E.S. 1.3: Environmental Statistics and Computer Application

Part – A Environmental Statistics.

Unit 1: Introduction to Statistics Introduction to statistics, scopes, limitations of statistics

and statistical method V / s Experimental method. Collection of data, sampling,

classification and tabulation of data. Diagrammatic & graphic presentation of data.

Unit 2 : Descriptive Statistics : Descriptive statistics – Introduction, measure of central

location, mean, mode, median, measure of shapes. Properties of mean, measure

of spread, variance and standard deviation, co-efficient of variation.

Unit 3: Sampling theories and Hypothesis testing Sampling theories, techniques and

experimental designs. Testing hypothesis : Significance level and X2 test, t and F

test – 6 hrs.

Unit 4: Correlation, regression and ANOVA: Analysis of variance: One way and two way

ANOVA, MONOVA, Regressions: Defining the fit, Correlation, polynomial

regression, multiple regression. 6hrs.

Part – B Computer Applications 24 hrs.

Unit 5: Introduction: History of Computer; character and organization – types and

generation of computer. 06 hrs.

Unit 6: Hard ware and Software: Types of memory; primary (RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM,

EEPROM) and secondary (Floppy, hard disc, e band DVD), video terminal, OMR,

OCR, Printers and scanners Operating system- Introduction; DOS: UNIX, Linex, M.S.

Office 6 hrs.

Unit 7: Information technology: Information; Type’s quality, needs, data processing,

computer network and Internet. 06 hrs.

Unit 8: Computer application in Environmental Studies. 06 hrs.

References :

1. Snedecor, W and G. Cochran, 1967. Statstical Methods. Oxford and IBH Publishing

Co. Calcutta.

2. Rosner, B. 1986, Fundamentals of Biostatistics, Duxbury Press, Boston

3. Ford, E.D. 2000, Scientific methods for Ecological Research. Cambridge University

Press, Campbridge.

4. Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-hall, Inc Englewood Cliff, New Jersey.

ES 1.4 Mathematical Physics and Environmental Modeling 48 hrs.

Unit 1: Elements of Vector Algebras, Differentiation of a vector function, partial

differentiation gradients, divergence and curl. Gauss theorem and strokes thermo

8 hrs.

Unit 2: Diffusion equation – one, two and three dimensions – solution in Cartesian co-

ordinates. Application to advection and diffusion – Fick’s law, Numerical solution of

a differential equation – Eulers method 8 hrs.

Unit 3: Finsler Biology : Introduction, scope, Application in environmental science and

ecology. 4 hrs.

Unit 4 : Environmental systems – an introduction ; An overview of mathematical models

applied to various environmental issues ; Concept, need scope and objectives of

environmental modeling ; Role of mathematical Models in environmental quality

management; Model classification – Brief review of different states involved in

model building; Calibration an verification of model : Limitations in modeling.

6 hrs.

Unit 5: Population models – Lokha – Volterra model, Leslie’s matrix model. Exponential

growth curve model; Exponential decay model; fitting model emanations in

experimental data 6 hrs.

Unit 6 : Air quality models – objectives and aim of Modelling, approaches to dodel building,

elements of air quality models, classification of models; Gradient transport. Model;

Eddy diffusion model; Models for gaseous and particulates pollutants; Atmospheric

chemical reactions and transformation models ; Modelling fugitive emissions;

Model performance, accuracy and utilization

6 hrs.

Unit 7 : Water Quality Modelling General : Water Quality Modelling – Historical Perspective

; Water Quality Models and Water Resource Management systems. Fundamentals

of Water Quality balance approach, Different types of loading, Feedforward and

feedback systems of reactors; incompletely mixed system: steady and unsteady-

state system. Surface Water Quality Modelling : River and Streams; Estuaries and

Lakes; Dissolved Oxygen Models : DO sag model ;BOD model; Streeter Phelps

equation for point and distributed sources; Eutrophication models for lakes and

flowing water. Elements of Ground Water Modelling : Brief overview.

6 hrs.

Unit 8: Hazardous Substance Modelling : Toxic chemicals and trace metal modeling.

Transboundary Movement of waste

6 hrs.

References :

1. Thomann, R.V. and Mueller, J.A. (1987), Principles of Surface Water Quality

Modelling and Control, Harper & Row, New York.

2. Chapra, S.C. (1997). Surface Water-Quality Modelling. McGraw-Hill International

Edition.3. Benarie, M.M. (1980). Urban Air Pollution Modelling (Campbridge, MA :

The MIT Press)

3. Hipel, K.W. and Mcleod, A.I. (1994). Time series Modelling of Water Resources and

Environmental Systems. Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam, Netherlands.

4. Zannetti, P. (1990). Air Pollution Modelling, Theories, Computational Methods and

available Software. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

5. Buonicore, A.J. and Davis, W.T. (1994). Air Pollution Engineering Manual. Air and

Waste Management Association, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.

6. Turner, D.B. (1994). Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates 2nd ed., Ann

Arber, MI : Lewis Publishers.

7. Hadlock, C.R.(?). Mathematical Modelling in the Environment. The Mathematical

Association of America.

PRACTICALS

ES 1.5 Environmental Biology, Chemistry and Geosciences :

Part A : Environmental Biology :

1. Sampling techniques of phytoplankton / invertebrates.

2. Estimation of primary productivity of a pond / lake.

3. Estimation of standing crop of phytoplankton in aquatic habitat in terms of volume

and weight.

4. Numerical estimation of standing crop of phytoplankton.

5. Estimation of standing crop in forest / plantation. Estimation of chlorophyll in

terrestrial plants and phytoplankton.

6. Ecological adaptations – A) study of hydrophytes B) study of rocky shore and sandy

shore fauna.

7. Preparation of culture media and study of colony characteristics.

8. Micrometry and Haemocytometer

9. Identification of fungal colonies.

10. Bacterial examination of water – MPN technique.

Part B : Environmental Chemistry and Geosciences ;

1. Sampling techniques for soil..

2. Determinaiton of Lambert – Beers law

3. Determination of Soil pH, Electrical conductivity and water holding capacity. Bulk

density and soil moisture content.

4. Estimation of calcium and magnesium in soil

5. Determination of Sodium and potassium in soil.

6. Study of toposheets.

7. Study of geomorphophological models – a) coastal plain b) Volcanoes c) Fault blocks

mountains d) Folded mountains e) Glaciers f) Canyon g) Coast line.

8. Petrology – Identification of major rock types.

9. Mineralogy – Identification of common rock forming minerals.

ES 1.6 Environmental Statistics & Computer Applications and Environmental physics &

mathematical Modelling :

Part A. Environmental Statistics & Computer Application.

1. Tabulation of data

2. Graphical presentation of data; line graph, bar chart, cumulative bar chart,

percentage bar chart, pie chart and three dimensional graphs.

3. Frequency analysis; Univariate and bivariate frequency tables.

4. Calculation of mean, median and mode.

5. Calculation of modal frequency; grouping table and analysis table

6. Testing and hypothesis; application of ‘t’ test

7. ANOVA : application and problems

8. Calculation of correlation and regression.

9. Data sheet and data management

10. Simple statistical work using Excel spread sheet

11. Power point files

12. Creating DOS files.

13. Email and internet.

Part B : Environmental physics & Mathematical modeling

1. Use of ultrasonic interferometer, diffiaction hallows

2. Viscosity of liquids.

3. Half life for 40K

4. Beta Emissions

5. Gamma Ray absorption

6. Noise pollution-sound level meter.

7. Air pollution0sampling and analysis

8. Mathematical problems related to air pollution sampling and analysis (model)

9. Flow of matter and energy in pond (model)

II SEMESTER

2.1 Environmental Instrumentation 48 hrs.

Unit 1: Optical Methods: Various ranges of electromagnetie radiations, Interactions of

electromagnetic radiations with matter, UV-Visible spectroscopy: theory, instrumentation

and applications to environmental science, optional fibres in spectroscopy, X-ray

spectroscopy 9 hrs.

Unit 2: IR and NDIR spectroscopy: molecular vibrations and vibrations and vibration

frequencies, special feature of IR and NDIR instruments, applications for environmental

samples. Continuous monitoring of CO using NDIR spectroscopy. 5 hrs.

Unit 3: Atomic absorption spectroscopy – principles, instrumentation and applications in

environmental sample analysis. Atomic emission spectroscopy-principles, instrumentations

and applications of flame emission spectroscopy. 6 hrs.

Unit 4: Nephelometry and Tubidimetry : principles and applications in the determination of

turbidity of water, sulphate, suspended particulate in air. 4 hrs.

Unit 5: Thermo analytical thermal analysis of environmental samples. Radio analytical

methods radiochemical techniques-principles and applications of neutron activation

analysis and isotope dilution analysis. 7 hrs.

Unit 6: Electro analytical methods : potentiometry-origin of potential differences,

potentiometric titrations, electrodes – indicator electrodes, ion selective electrodes

including glase. Electrodes, advantages and limitations. 5 hrs.

Unit 7: Determination of pH. Fluoride, chloride, nitrogen, ammonia and cargbon dixide in

water samples. Conductometry-principles and applications to environmental samples

4 hrs.

Unit 8: Polaragraphy : principles and instrumentations and applications of polarography in

environmental samples analysis. Separation methods : principles, theory and applications of

the following techniques-solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography, gas

chromatography, HPLC, and Ion exchange chromatography 8 hrs.

References :

1. S.M. (1998), Basic concept of analytical chemistry, 2nd Newage International publisher _

2. Kopkar, S.M. (1993). Environmental Pollution analysis. Wiley Eastern Publ. Ltd.

3. christien, G.D. (2001).Analytical Chemistry, 5th ed John – Wiley and sons,

4. skoog D.A. F.J. Haller and T.A. Nieman (1998). Principles of instrumental analysis

Thomson asia pvt. Ltd.

5.vogel, AI, 1998 : Quantitative analysis 6th ed. Printics Hall

6. Bour E (1982). Introduction to chemical instrumentation, 4th ed. John Wiley & sons

7. Willard H.H; L.L. Meritt, JA Daen (1976). Instrumental methods of analysis, 5th ed. Von

nostrand Reinhold

8. Manahan, S.E Environmental Chemistry, 7th edition, Levis Publ.

2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, MONITORING AND CONTROL

48 hrs

Unit 1. Atmospheric Chemistry: Structure and composition of atmosphere; Chemical

speciation, particles, ions and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation

of inorganic and organic particulate matter. Thermo chemical and photochemical reactions

in the atmosphere and their effects. 6 hrs.

Unit 2. Air pollution: Definition, Sources and Classification of air pollutants. Transport and

diffusion of pollutants. Meteorological parameters, scale of meteorology, Effect of pressure

temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation and wind. Heat transferring processes

atmospheric stability, inversions and mixing heights. 6hrs

Unit 3. Effect of air pollution on man, anima, man and inanimate objects and climate.

Ambient air quality standardand air pollution indices. Air sampling and monitoring

techniques-settleable and suspended particulate matter-Dust fall jar and Impingement

Method, High volume Air sampler (community Air monitoring 6 hrs

Unit 4: Noise Pollution: Definition, Sources and Terminology ; types of noise ; Measurement

of noise; Noise indices,; Effect of meteorological parameter on noise propagation. Noise

exposure level and Standard Impact on biota and inanimate objects. Noise control and

abatement measures 6 hrs.

Unit 5 Aquatic Pollution: Definition; Sources and Classification of aquatic pollutants

Consequences of pollution on surface, subsurface and mariner water sources. Coastal water

intrusion. Oil leakage and industrial effluents. 6 hrs.

Unit 6 : Soil Pollution ; Definition ; sources and classification of soil pollutants and their

impacts on physic-chemical and biological properties of soil, plants, animals and man

Physico chemical and bacteriological sampling and analysis of soil quality. 6 hrs.

Unit 7: Industrial waste effluents and heavy metals, their interactions with soil

components, Soil microorgnisms and their function, degradation of insecticides, fungicides

and weedicides in soil. Interaction of fertilizer (NPK) with different components of soil. Soil

pollution control measures 6hrs

Unit 8: Radioactive Pollution : Definition, Radioactivity, Radionuclides, Radiation emissions,

sources, Radioactive decay and buildup. Biological effects of radiation. Radiation exposure

standards. Radioactive pollution. Impacts on cosystem. Pollution control measures.

Biological dosimery. 6 hrs.

References :

1. Rao M.N. and Rao H.V.N. (1988). Air pollution Tata, McGraw – Hill Publishing

Company Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Chhatwal G.R. Mehra M.C. Katyal. T., Satake K., Mohan Katyal, Nagahiro T (1989).

Environmental Noise Pollution and its Control, I Ed., Anmol Publications.

3. Mackenize L., Davis & David A. Cornweli (1991). Environmental Engineering, Mc

Graw Hill, International Editions.

4. Sharma B.K. & Kaur. H. (1995). Environmental Chemistry, I Ed., Goel Publishing

House.

5. Singh H.R. (1989). Animal Ecology and Environmental Biology, Shobhan Lal Nagin

Chand & Co.

6. Lodge (1994). Mehtods of air sampling and analysis

7. Kudesia V.P. (1985). Water Pollution, Pragati Prakashan, New Delhi.

8. Kudesia V.P. (1993). Air Pollution, Pragati Pragati Prakashan, New Delhi.

9. Duggal K.N. (1985) Element of Public Health Engineering, S. Chand & Co

10. Sharma P.K. (1995) Environmental Biology, I Ed., Rastogi and Company.

11. Mishra P.C. (1989). Soil Polluton and Soil Organisms.

12. Davis M.L. and David, A.C. (1991) Introduction of Environmental Engineering, Mo

Graw Hill.

13. Wilber C.G. (1989) Biological aspects of water pollution. Charles C. Thomas

Publishers, IIIinois.

14. Croyer, R.A. an Mehlman, M.A.(1987). Nutrient Interaction with toxlc element. John

Wiles and Sons. N.Y.

15. Lutgens, F.K. and Tarbuek, J.E. (1992). The Atomosphere, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

16. Pratap Mowle P an dVenkattasubbayya, N (1990). Air pollution and Control.

DivyaJyoth Prakashan, Jadhpur.

17. Merril Eisenbude, (1998). Environmental Radioactivity Academic Press.

18. Khitoliya (2004), Environmental Pollution-Management & control for Sustainable

Development, S. Chand & Company Ltd.

E.S. 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

48 hrs.

Unit 1 : Toxicology – Definition and scope, Acute and chronic toxicity, selective toxicity,

does sysnergism and antagonism. 4 hrs.

Unit 2 : Toxic chemicals in the Environment – Air, water Pesticides in Water, Biochemical

aspects of As, Cd, Pb, CO O3 PAN, Pesticides, MIC and carcinogens in air, Bio accumulation &

biomagnification. 4 hrs

Unit 3 Does- Response relationships – Graded response, quantal response, Time action

curves Threshold Limit value (TLV); LC50; Margin of safety; Toxicity curves; Cumulative

toxicity and LD50 & CTF.

Unit 4 : Toxicity testing; Bioassay – Definition, purpose, criteria for selection of test

organism methodology, estimation of LC50, Limitation and importance of Bioassay, Acute

Toxicity (single); Sub acute Toxicity : Chronic Toxicity; Teratogenicity, carcinogenicity and

mutagenicity. 10 hrs.

Unit 5: Heavy metals toxicology: Metabolism, toxicity monitoring and exposure standards

for heavy metals. Biomonitoring of Toxic Chemicals- Objectives, programs & parameters

concepts of bio indicators with examples. 6 hrs.

Unit 6 : Bio-transformation of Xenobiotics (Selective Toxicity); Principles, Receptor sites

absorption and storage of xenobiotics ; types of Bio transformations ; micro soma

oxidations, mixed function oxygenizes, conjugation, biotransformation of organo chloring

and organo phosphorous pesticides, Antidotal procedures in Toxicology 4 hrs.

Unit 7 : Occupational hazards : Evaluation and Control of occupational health hazards ;

occupaitons health surveillance ; occupational health control programmes in the context of

Indiar factories act-case studies.

Unit 8 : Epidemiology and Public health – Principles of Epidemiology, Epidemiology and

control of diseases caused by important microbes in water, air milk and soil. Sanitation of

food, HACCP of milk and soil. Status of communicable diseases in India. Administration of

public health in India. Public health legislations. 6 hrs.

References :

1. Jerome O. Niragu and Lakshminarayana J.S.S. (1989). Aquatic Toxicology and Water

Quality Management, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Sharma P.D. (1994). Environmental Biology and Toxicology, Rastoggi and Company.

3. Meera Asthana and Asthana D.K. (1990). Environmental Pollution and Toxicology,

Alka Printers.

4. Mettelev V.V. Kanaev A.L. and Dzasokhova N.G. (1971). Water Toxicology, Amerind

Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,

5. Standard Methods for the Examination of water and waste water. 17th Ed. (1989).

APHA. AWWA – WPCF.

6. Guithinier Perry (1980). Introduction to Environmental Toxicology, Elsevier.

7. Waldron, H.A. (1980). Metals in Environment. Academic Press, Toronto.

8. Butter, G.C. (1988). Principles of Ecotoxicology. John Wiley and Sons.

9. Moriarty F. (1983) Ecotoxicology. Academic Press, New York.

10. Ocheme, W.F. (1989). Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Environment Marcel Dakkar incl.,

New York.

11. Anderson and Conning. 1997, Experimental Toxicology. Royal Society, UK.

E.S. 2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGETICS 48 hrs.

Unit 1 : Fundamental of Energy : Energy; Work and power; different forms of energy; first

and second law of thermodynamics, standard cycles, heat transfer, concept of entropy and

photosynthesis. 4 hrs.

Unit 2 : Relationship among Energy, Environment and Economical Level of Development :

Resources of energy and energy use pattern in different parts of the world; Indian energy

scenario for domestic, agriculture, transport and Industrial sector and its impact on the

environment 8 hrs.

Unit 3 : Conventional Energy Sources and Technology : Coe petroleum; natural gas; lignite;

cracking of petroleum; furnace; boiler; turbines; fluidized bed systems and combined cycle

systems. 4 hrs.

Unit 4 : Resources and reserves for oil, natural gas; nuclear energy – flassion and fusion

energy, principles of MHD generator, MHD equation and power from MHD systems 6 hrs.

Unit 5 : Renewable Energy Sources : Solar energy; Flat plate collectors, theory of Flat plate

collectors, Photovolitaics & Solar ponds, wind energy; tidal energy; geo-themal; occan

energy; environmental impacts of large scale exploitation of renewable energy 6 hrs.

Unit 6: Bio energy; energy formation, biomass and biogass, energy plantatons, social

forestry, silviculture – energy forms. Composition of biomass biofuel. Hydrocarbon forms of

higher plants, hydrolysis of lingo-cellulosic materials. 6 hrs.

Unit 7: Ecological Energetics Energy flow-lindemann model, food chain and webs. Energy in

ecological pyramids. Homeostasis and stability of ecosystem. Energy flow in natural

ecological Communities. Efficiency of energy Economics: Energy efficiency at national level;

Unit 8 : Energy Conservation and Energy Economics : Energy efficiency at national level

;Improving energy efficiency ; Energy analysis ; Concept of exergy (theoretical

treatment);capital recovery factor ; Levelised annual cost; Economic analysis of wind

electric generation and thermal power systems.

References :

1. John W. Twidell and Anthony D. Weir, E & F. N. Spon Ltd., London, 1986.

2. Edward H. Thomdike, Energy & Environment: A Primer for Scientists and Engineers.

Addition – Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, 1976.

3. Thomas B. Johnson et. al., Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity, Earth

Scan Publications Ltd., London.

4. David Merrick and Richard Marshall, Energy-Present and Future options, John Wiley

& Sons, New York, 1981.

5. P. Chartier et. al., Biomass for Energy & Environment, Proceedings of the European

Biomass Conference, Pergaman Press 1996.

PRACTICALS :

ES 2.5 Environmental Instrumentation and Environmental Pollution Monitoring and

control

Part A : Environmental Instrumentation :

1. Spectrophotometer determination of Uranium and Fluoride

2. Conductometric titrations

3. Determination of organic carbon in soil titrometry & spectrophotometry.

4. Photentiometric titration of non-aqueous solvent.

5. Flame photometry – Determination of pesticides.

6. Study of Ecological Instruments a) Comfortmete b) Maximum and Minimum

Thermometer c) Wet and dry bulb thermometer d) Lux meter e) anaemometer

Part B : Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Control :

1. Estimation of total Hardness (Calcium and Magnesium)

2. Estimation of Sulphates and Silicates in Water sample.

3. Estimation of BOD and COD.

4. Estimation of phosphates / nitrate / nitrites in water samples

5. Study of meteorological parametes – collection and analysis of wind data, plotting of

wind and pollution roses.

6. Determinaiton of SPM, Sox and NOx in ambient air using HVS.

7. Estimation of Respirable particulate matter.

2.6 Environmental Toxicology and Energetics

Part A Environmental Toxicology

1. Estimation of mercury in tissues sample by dithizone method

2. Estimation of LD50 and LC50 values of a pesticide using first fingerlings

3. Detection of pesticide by finger printing techniques.

4. Estimation of dust accumulated on plant parts – leaves and its effects on

morphology and anatomy of plants.

5. Detection of some organochlorine chemicals in vegetables and fruits.

6. Estimation of trace heavy metals in soil, plant and animal material.

7. Estimation of reducing sugars using Nelson and Somayaji method

Part B : Environmental Energetics :

1. Solar heaters and their uses.

2. Biomass (Wet and dry) estimation.

3. Estimation of calorie in plant and animal tissues.

4. Estimation of photosynthetic rate.

5. Estimation of rate of respiration

III SEMESTER

3.1 Waste monitoring and management 48 hrs.

Unit 1: Solid Waste Management: Sources and generation of solid waste, Characterization,

chemical composition and classification. Collection and transportation. Dumping of

garbage, commercial, industrial, agriculture, mining and power plant discharges. 6 hrs.

Unit 2: Disposal methods – composting farms yard, vermitechnology, incineration. Solid

waste management system in urban and rural areas. Rodent and vermin control. Design of

sanitary landfills and incinerator. 6 hrs.

Unit 3: Hazardons Waste Management: Cyanides, dioxins, decergents, planstics, nylon and

PCBs. Waste minimization methods. Monitoring and management strategies. Chemical and

biological degradation of pesticides, detergents, plastics and polymers. 6 hrs

Unit 4: Hospital Waste Management – Characterization, type’s quantity, segregation,

treatment and disposal. Preventive measures 4 hrs

Unit 5: Industrial waste management : segregation, strength reduction, neutralization ;

equalization, volume reduction and other methods 6 hrs

Unit 6: Radioactive Waste : Source,. Low Intermediate and High-level wastes Classfications

and Waste management and treatment Radiation safety standards. 4 hrs.

Unit 7: Pollution Prevention and Quality Management (P2 Technology) : Definition, benefits

and overview of waste reduction techniques, Barriers and regulations. Pollution prevention

in different kinds of industries viz., paper and pulp, textiles tanneries, food and breweries,

steel mill – at source, during processing and packaging . Pollution prevention incentives.

8 hrs.

Unit 8 : Recycling of wastes : Recycling of waste for industrial, agricultural and domestic

purposes, recycling of metal products, reuse, recovery and reduction of paper, plastics.

Recycling of organic waste – food manufacturing, beverages, apparel, leather, paper, pulp,

chemical and other industries. Fly ash utilization.

8 hrs.

References :

1. Mackenize L. Davis & David A. Cornweli (1991). Introduction to Environmental

Engineering, II Ed., McGraw – Hill, International Editions.

2. George Technbanoglasses, Hillary, Thesian, Rolf Eliassen (1997). Solid Waste-

Engineering Principles and Management Issues, McGraw – Hill

3. Mishra P.C. (1989). Soil Pollution and Soil Organisms, Ashish Publishing House.

4. Sharma B.K. & Kaur. H. (1995) Environmental Chemistry, I Ed., Goel Publishing

House.

5. Kudesia V.P. And Charya M.V. (1993). Pesticide Pollution, Pragati Prakashan.

6. Hillary G.T. and Theisan, R. (1977). Solid Wastes – Engineering Principles and

Management Issues. McGraw – Hill.

7. Casrett, A.P. (1988). Radiation Biogy. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

8. Freeman, S. (1990). Industrial Pollution Prevention, McGraw – Hill.

9. Tandon, (1995), Recycing of crop Abnimal and Human waste in Agriculture. MC-

Graw Hill Publishing Co.

10. Tchobanaglous, Theisen and Vigil (1994) Integrated Solid Waste Management –

Engineering Principles and Management issues. McGraw-Hill.

11. Charles A. Wentz (1996) Hazardous waste Management. McGraw- Hill International

Edition.

12. Eckenfelder (1997). Industrial Water pollution and control. Wesley Publications.

13. Tandon, (1995) Recyling of crop, Animal and Human waste in Agriculture Mc Graw

Hill Publishing Co.

3.2 Natural Resources and Management 48 hrs.

Unit 1: Natural Resources – Classification, concepts and approaches of natural resource

conservation. Natural resources of India. Role of Women in natural resources 4 hrs.

Unit 2: Water Resources Management – Concept and classification, integrated water

resource management; Participatory watershed development in water harvesting lakes and

river conservation programmes. Wetland management Coastal zone management.

Implications of National River linking programme on environment 6 hrs.

Unit 3 : Mineral Resources management : Resources and reserves. Mineral and population.

Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources. 3 hrs.

Unit 4: Soil Resource Management – Resources; minerals, nutrients and biological resources

of soil. Soil loss, soil erosion, Role of organic matter and its maintenance, diagnosis of

nutrient deficiencies. Wasteland development – concept scope, issues and strategies.

4 hrs.

Unit 5: Forest resource: Flora and fauna, microbes, medicinal, herbal, ethical resources.

Relevance, threats and need for conservation of forest resources. Forest management –

meaning and objectives. Forest – land use changes in India – future demand of forestlands.

Community forest management, Social forestry, agro-forestry, protected area management

– Eco-development committee & Eco-tourism. Gene pool management. 8 hrs.

Unit 6 : In situ and ex-situ conservation of bioresources. Wildlife habitat management

manipulation and conservation. Conservation of key wildlife species – project tiger, project

elephant, crocodile project. Management of fire. Role of Non Governmental Organizations

in resource conservation.

Unit 7 : Pest Mangement – Definition distribution and change caused. Chemical pesticides

and their demerits. Basis of biological pest suppression. Chemical vs. biological control. Pest

control models. Organisms used in classical Biological pest control – Pathogens, parasites

and parasitoids. 8 hrs.

Unit 8 : Weeds and weed management – Definition and distribution. Weed biology – a brief

account. Physical and Chemical Methods of week control and their merits and demerits.

Weed Management – Objectives of Biologicalcontrol, agents of biological control 6 hrs.

References :

1. Oliver S. Owned 1980. Natural resources conservation – An Ecological approach, 3rd

edition., Machmillan publishing Co. Inc. New York.

2. Sharma V.k. 1985. Water resources planning and management, Himalaya publishing

house.

3. Raymond F. Dasmann 1984. Environmental Conservation. 5th Edition, John Wiley &

sons.

4. Mathur H.S. 1981 . Environmental resources. The crisis of development, RBSA

publishers.

5. Agrwal, V.G 1985 Forests in India. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

6. Negi S.S. 1986 Handbook of social forestry. IBH New Delhi.

7. Wenger, K.E. 1984, Forestry Handbook Jhon Wiley and sons. New York.

8. Berthkur, S. and Ghosh, A.K. 1987, Biological pest 18. Simons, J.j. Eds. 1986. The

ecology of natural resources.

9. Boyle, 1994, Renewable energy resources.

10. Singh, G 1996, Manual of soil and Water conservation practive.

11. Coppel H.c. and Mertins; J.W. 1997. Biological insect pest suppression. Sponger –

Verlag, Heidelberg, New york.

12. Raymond F. Dasmann 1984., Environmental conservation, 5th Eds. John wiley & sons.

3.3. Remote sensing and GIS 48 hrs.

Unit 1 : Basic s of remote sensing : Electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic spectrum,

atmospheric interactions, spectral reflectance characteristic curves of various ground

features. Sensors, their characteristics and capabilities. Active sensors, MSS thematic maps,

VIDICONS, CCDS and Thermal scanners. Passive sensors, radar systems, SLAR, RADAR,

Altimeters, coastal Zone scanners. 8 hrs.

Unit 2 : Products used in remote sensing studies-images, types of images, image data

products, and processing scale, mosaics, time and seasons orbital cycles. 4 hrs.

Unit 3 : Fundamentals of aerial photographic systems : Terminologies : Type of aerial

cameras, aerial photos; ground coverage; radiometric characteristics, Principles, techniques

and interpretation, Applications of aerial photos. 6 hrs.

Unit 4 : Fanh resourve Satellites : ERS operating in the optical spectrum – History ; Landsat

satellite, SPOT, TRMM, EOS misson, ENVISAT , Megha Tropique, IRS programmes in

overview; meteorological an ocean monitoring satellites. 6 hrs.

Unit 5 : Thermal and Microwave sensing; basic concepts, profiles ; SAR, SLAR- operations,

characteristic of RADAR signals; earth surface characteristics influencing RADAR returns

interpretation of microwave data. 6 hrs.

Unit 6 : Digital image processing : Basic concepts and principles ; image enhancement ; edge

enhancement ; band rationing classification – supervised and unsupervised classification.

Smoothing and filtering techniques; post classification smoothing classification accuracy

enhancement; data merging; scale effects. 6 hrs.

Unit 7: Global Positioning System (GPS) : Concept, principles procedures and scope.

Applications of GPS 6 hrs.

Unit 8 : Applications of remote sensing : Mining and quarrying, land use, forest cover, water

resource; coastal zone management; watershed; marine and ocean resource; wildlife

ecology; agriculture and range land application; earthquakes; and flood mapping

assessment. 6 hrs.

References :

1. Robert G. Reeves (ed.) (1983), Manual of Remote Sensing, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.

2. Berry S. Siegal and Allen R. Gillspie (1987). Remote Sensing is Geology, Tata McGraw

– Hill, Publishing Co.

3. Miller J.C. (1986). Photography, John Wiley and Sons. N.Y.

4. D.R. Leuderr (1993). Aerial Photography interpretation-Principles and Applications,

McGraw-Hill.

5. Lillesand and Kiefer (1993). Principles of Remote Sensing.

6. F.f. Sabins and W.H. Freeman (1996). Remote Sensing.

7. P. Nag and M. Kudrat (1998). Digital Remote Sensing. Concept Publishing Co., New

Delhi.

8. Chouhan and Joshi, K.N. (1996). Applied Remote Sensing and Photo interpretation.

9. Rajan, M.S. (1991). Remote Sensing and GIS for Natural Resources.

10. Narayana L.R.A. (1999). Remote Sensing and its application University Press (India).

11. Lillesand, T.M. (1987) Remote Sensing and Image interpretation. John Wiley.

Hamburg.

12. Sabins, F.F. and Floyd, F.J.R. (1978). Remote Sensing-Principles and interpretations.

13. Elachi, C. (1978). Introduction to Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing John

Wiley Pub., N.Y.

14. Jansen J.R. (1996). Introductory Digital Processing – a remote sensing perspective.

Engle wood Cliffs. NJ.

3.4 Environmental Engineering and Technology 48 hrs.

Unit 1: Water and wastewater treatment and analysis; introduction, various steps in water

treatment, sedimentation, filtration, disinfections, removal of iron and manganese.

Softening of water, taste and odour removal. 6 hrs.

Unit 2: Advanced technologies for wastewater treatment-ozonation, fluoridation, reverse

osmosis, electro dialysis, desalination and ion exchange methods. 6 hrs.

Unit 3: Industrial wastewater treatment. General characters of wastewater, Theories of

treatment Effluents treatment methods for pulp & paper, sugar, distillery, Iron and steel

6 hrs.

Unit 4: Air pollution monitoring and control techniques-sampling and monitoring of gaseous

and particulate pollutants. Ambient and stack emission monitoring. Biofilters and

prevention of indoor air pollution. 6 hrs.

Unit 5 : Soil pollution control techniques and monitoring. Introduction, sources, treatment

of soil pollutants. 6 hrs.

Unit 6 : Solid Waste treatment and management; Introduction, waste generation and

characteristics, processing, physical, chemical and biological treatment, recyeling, current

management practices. 6 hrs.

Unit 7 : Environmental Sanitation techniques : Concept and terminology, malaria control

measures, drainage, spraying, chemical and biological method of vector eradication,

nightsoil disposal and management 6 hrs.

Unit 8: Environmental Engineering and biotechnology: introduction, scope and application,

detoxification of phenols and biodegradation of pesticides 6 hrs.

References :

1. Aarmin R et al 2000 Environmental Law and Policy in India , Oxford – IBH India.

2. Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad –

380 013.

3. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001, Environmental

Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House, Mumabai, 1196p

4. Jadav, H& Bhosale, V.M. 1995, Environmental Protection and Laws. Himalaya Pub.

House, Delhi 248 p.

5. Singh R.B. and Mishra, S. 1996 Environmental Law in India. Concept Publ. Co. New

Delhi.

6. Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules Guidelines, Compllances and

Standards Vol I & II.

PRACTICALS

3.5 Natural Resource and Waste management :

Part A. Natural Resources :

1. Agro-climatic zones of Karnataka.

2. Study of selected national park and wildlife sanctuaries in India.

3. Vegetation zones of India.

4. Study of selected exotic species of the Indian subcontinent a) naturalized weeds b)

Exotic plantation species.

5. Study of common weeds and pests.

6. Energy content in solid and liquid energy resources a) Petrol and diesel b) Husk,

fodder, wood and tree species.

7. Design of solar energy trap.

8. Energy consumption and cost estimation.

9. Soils and minerals : Red soil, loamy, black, humus, clay latterite, Minerals : talc,

gypsum, quartzite.

10. Identification of selected medicinal plants.

11. Wildlife / forest recourses : lac, agar, gum clvet resins fibers, wild fruits.

12. Biofuel resources : Jatropa, caster, molasses. Bagasses.

Part B : Waste Management :

1. Waste sampling techniques for municipal waste, Industrial waste, Hospital waste,

hazardous waste.

2. Physico-chemical analysis of solid waste-volume, texture, mass. Leachate character :

pH,.

3. Collection and characterization of leachate.

4. Estimation of Sulphates / fluorides / nitrate / phosphates.

3.6. Remote sensing and GIS, and Environmental Engineering and Technology :

Part A. Remote Sensing and GIS

1. Preparation of thematic maps – A) Baseline maps B) Transportation network and

settlement maps C) Drainage maps D) Contour maps E) Slope analysis maps F)

Landuse / land cover maps G) Wasteland maps.

2. Interpretation of satellite data

3. Landuse / land cover classification from satellite date ad toposheets.

4. Calculation of area using planimeter / grid method.

5. Comparative study of the satellite and toposheets landuse / land cover data

6. Calculation of latitude and longitude

7. Study of aerial photographs / Photo interpretation for environmental studies and

topographical maps.

8. Delineation of lineaments and dykes

9. Collection of ground truth data.

10. GIS applications.

Part B Environmental Engineering and Technology :

1. Determination of Biocehemical Oxygen Demand in waste water

2. Problems on BOD

3. Determination of Chemical Oxygen demand in waster water

4. Determination of oil and grease in wastewater.

5. Determination of H2S in waste water.

6. Identification and commenting on a) high volume air sampler b) Electrostatic

precipitator (models), c) Clarifiers (models ) d) Jar – test apparatus e) Grit

chambers f) Fly ash. G) Bagasses h) Biomedical waste i) pesticides.

IV SEMESTER

4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Disaster Management 48 hrs.

Unit 1 : EIA : introduction, nexus between development and environment ; comparison

between economic and ecological criteria ; concept of externality ; shared resources :

global commons. Carrying capacity and load 6 hrs.

Unit 2 : Origin and development, importance of EIA for sustainable development : EIA in

project planning and implementation : EIA process, evaluation, scope, methodologies

6 hrs.

Unit 3 : Risk assessment and risk management mitigation measures ; comparison of

alternatives ; review and decision making ; compensatory actions : green belts : review

of procedures, practices and EIA guidelines in India 6 hrs.

Unit 4 : Case studies, Mining projects ; Kudremukh Iron Ore company, Mysore –

Bangalore Corridor Project, Bangalore Metro-rail project. Ecotourism: Jungle lodges and

resorts, Thermal power plant, Distilleries 6 hrs.

Unit 5 : Environmental Distasters : Types of hazards ; natural and manmade hazardous

nature of hazardous environmental security and hazard zoning. Strategies for hazard

mitigation, concept of residence time and rates of natural cycles. Catastrophic,

geological hazardous 6 hrs.

Unit 6: General features of Tropical cyclones, floods and storms, Earth quakes,

Avalanche Volcanic eruptions Fires, Mudflows and landlides. Types of mass movement

strength of materials and instability of slopes. 8hrs

Unit 7: May made disster an dhazards improper irrigation, deforestation, industrial

hazardous safety in industry Management of dangerous materials in industries Safety

system in industry. 6hrs

Unit 8: Prediction of natural disasters; precaution and disaster management, Safety

verses production in industry . 4 hrs

References:

1. Crowely, T.J., and G.R. North 1995. Paleoclimatology, 339, pp., Oxford University

Press, New york.

2. Houghton, J.T. 1995. The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.

3. Joseph, K and Nagendran, R. 2004. Essentials of Environmental Studies. Person

Education, new Delhi.

4. Miller 2000. Environmental Science.

5. King R. W. and J mMagic, J. 1992. Industrial hazardous and safety, Hand book,

Butterworths.

6. Barky, W.E. 1983. Explosion hazardous and Evaluations. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

7. Wharband. OP and Stallworthy, 1986. Management of disaster and now to prevent

them Elsevier, Amstermdam.

4.2 Environmental legislation and education

Unit 1. Introduction to environmental education, significance and concept 6hrs

Unit 2. Fundamentals of integration of knowledge, application to human society,peoples

biodiversity register 6hrs

Unit 3. Environmental issues in society,conservation of resources,sustainable utilization of

resources 6hrs

Unit 4. Environmental awareness programme,rolr of education institutes andNGOs in

environmental education 6hrs

Unit 5. Environmental laws in india- introduction policies and principle 6hrs

Unit 6.pollution abatenment laws in India. Environmental protection act. Air ( prevention

and control) act , water ( prevention and control)_act 6hrs

Unit 7. Agenda 21,montreal protocol,Kyoto protocol 6hrs

Unit 8. Convention on biological diversity (CBD), biodiversity and wild life protection act

6hrs

References

1. Aarmin Ret al., 2000. Environmental law and policies in India, Oxford- IBH India

2. Bharucha Erach, the biodiversity of India ,Mapin publishing pvt.ltd, Ahamedabad-

380013, India,email mapin@icenet.net(R)

3. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E and Hepworth, M.T. 2001,Environmental

encyclopedia,Jaico publ. house Mumbai 1196 p

4. Jadhav H and Bhosale,V.M. Environmental protection laws. Himalaya publishing

house

5. Singh, R.B. and Mishra, S. 1996. Environmental law in India. Concept publ. co New

delhi

6. Trivedi R.K.,hand book of environmental laws, rules guidelines, compliances and

standards, vol l and ll. Enviro media

7.

4.3. Extension activities and seminar/ colloquium

4.4. Project work