Schaffer Model of Writing

Moore

Basic Structure

• Topic Sentence (TS)• Concrete Detail (CD)• Commentary (CM)• Concluding Sentence (CS)

Topic Sentence

• Topic Sentence (TS) tells the reader the basic idea of the paragraph

• Use elements of the essay prompt when writing the TS

Concrete Details

• Concrete details (CD) are facts.

• These are the heart of the paragraph or paper, from these everything else follows.

• Names, Dates, Events….

Commentary

• Commentary (CM) is your opinion or how you feel about the concrete details

• Use words with emotional content when writing commentary

• Evaluations and judgments

Concluding Sentence

• Concluding sentence (CS) wraps up the paragraph

• Basically restates the topic sentence in different words

Topic Sentence

Concluding Sentence

Ratios for Class

• English = 1 CD: 2+ CM• Social Science = 2+ CD: 1 CM• Math = 3+ CD: 0 CM• Science = 2+ CD: 1 CM

Graphic Organizer

TS

CD

CM

CS

CD

Example of Pre-Write

CD

Napoleon was an important historical figure.

He spread the idea of liberty across Europe.

Napoleon was import for his contributions that shaped modern Europe.

Many countries based their laws off of the Napoleonic Code.

History claims Napoleon as one of its key people.

The Paragraph

Napoleon was an important historical figure. He spread the idea of liberty across Europe. Many countries based their laws off of the Napoleonic Code. Napoleon was important for his contributions that shaped modern Europe. History claims Napoleon as one of its key people.

Writing Assignment: Expository Writing

Choose one of the revolutions we discussed in this unit and explain how two Enlightenment Thinkers influenced/inspired it and the government that was created after.

Structure of Essay

Paragraph 1: Introduction

Paragraph 2: Information about the Revolution (0CM:5CD)

Paragraph 3: Enlightenment Thinker #1 (1CM:3CD)

Paragraph 4: Enlightenment Thinker #2 (1CM:3CD)

Paragraph 5: Conclusion

Format of Essay

• Must be typed• 1.5 spacing• 12 font• New Times Roman, Cambria, Arial (etc)• Final Draft Due Day of the Test (no rough

draft turned in)