Name ___________________

Earth’s Changing Surface Test

1 Convection currents, which may be the driving force for the movement of lithospheric plates, are mostly found in Earth’s ___(8.6C)a. Crust b. Plastic mantlec. Outer cored. Inner core

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Other strategies to keep in mind:Keep a positive attitude throughout the whole test and try to stay relaxed. If you start to feel nervous take a few deep breaths to relax.

Don't worry if others finish before you. Focus on the test in front of you.

If you have time left when you are finished, look over your test. Make sure that you have answered all the questions, only change an answer if you misread or misinterpreted the question because the first answer that you put is usually the correct one.

Test Taking StrategiesStep 1 – Highlight key words. (don’t forget key words in graphs, pics, etc.)Step 2 – Try to come up with the answer to the question before reading the answer choices.Step 3 – Eliminate answers you know aren’t right. Put an X by wrong answer choices.Step 4 – Select the best answer choice. Step 5 – Reread the question to verify that you have chosen the BEST answer choice!

Sometimes tectonic plates do not move easily past one another, and the plates become stuck. Forces build up, and when the plates finally move, tension is released, as shown below.

The sudden movement of the plates is caused by ____(8.6C*)f. The mass of the plates

g. The weight of the platesh. Unbalanced forcesj. Gravitational forces

Newton’s Laws of Motion apply to everyday life in a variety of ways. Which one of the following statements does not demonstrate Newton’s laws of motion as they relate to plate tectonics? (8.6C)a. Plates resist change as in Newton’s law of inertia b. The greater the force, the greater rate of acceleration as in Newton’s law of

accelerationc. Volcanoes form from cooled magma as in Newton’s law of accelerationd. Plates exert a force on each other in opposite directions as in Newton’s law of action-

reaction

4 A student is making a model of sea floor spreading. What should the model show on either side of the ridge? (8.9A)f. Stripes of different increasingly older rocks, which repeat as a mirror image on the

opposite side of the ridge g. Rings of volcanoes on either side of the ridgeh. One side should have oceanic crust with continental crust on the otherj. Very thick dense crust

5 Which provides the best evidence for the theory that faults and volcanoes are the result of tectonic plate interactions? (8.9A)a. Faults on tectonic plates are in constant motion, but volcanoes may not erupt for many

yearsb. Faults and volcanoes existed long before there were tectonic platesc. Tectonic plates that have many faults do not usually have volcanoesd. Faults and volcanoes are often found at tectonic plate boundaries

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6 The map below indicates the possible location of some of Earth’s continents in the past.

Which evidence best supports the idea that the landmasses on Earth were once in the positions below? (8.9A)f. North America and India have matching mountain chains

g. Madagascar and India have similar shapesh. Matching rock layers can be found in Africa and South Americaj. Bedrock in Australia and Greenland have glacier scratches

What evidence does the diagram below show to support the Theory of Continental Drift? (8.9A)

a. Fossil evidenceb. Connected continents evidencec. Sea floor spreading between South America and Africa evidenced. Migration path evidence

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8 Scientists believe that the landmasses of the earth were once joined together forming one huge supercontinent called Pangaea. Over time, the landmasses gradually drifted apart to reach their present day locations. Which of these provides the least support for this theory? (8.9A)f. Matching folded mountain belts are located on opposite sides of today’s oceans

g. Glaciers are found at today’s north and south polar regionsh. Matching fossil evidence is found on opposite sides of today’s oceansj. Shapes of the continents fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle

9 A geologist studying the bottom of the ocean found rocks at positions 2 and 3 of the same type and age on either side of a ridge. What is this evidence of? (8.9A)

a. Continental driftb. Global warmingc. Mountain buildingd. Seafloor spreading

10 Most geologists rejected Wegener’s theory of Continental Drift because ___ (8.9A)f. They were afraid of a new idea related to Plate Tectonics

g. Wegener only used one type of evidence to support his theoryh. Wegener could not identify the force that could move the continentsj. Scientists weren’t interested in what Earth was like millions of years ago

11 A geologist’s logbook contained the following observations:

- The corresponding rock layers on either side of the formation are the same age.- The ocean floor is wider now than in the past.- There is evidence of recent volcanic activity.

What type of formation is the geologist studying? (8.9A)a. A mid-ocean ridgeb. A trench c. An islandd. A coral reef

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12 Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift was not accepted by scientists when the theory was first proposed. In the 1960s, scientists discovered that not only were the continents moving, but Earth’s crust was moving. What discovery caused scientists to rethink Wegener’s continental drift theory? (8.9A)f. Discovery of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean

g. Discovery of earthquake activity in Californiah. Discovery of the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Oceanj. Discovery of deep trenches off the coast of South America

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Which of these features is formed by the separation of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates? (8.9B)a. Ice caveb. Rift valleyc. Deep trenchd. Flat plateau

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At a convergent boundary of an oceanic and a continental plate,_____.(8.9B)f. The oceanic plate will form a mid-ocean ridge

g. Folded mountains will form on the continental plateh. Volcanic mountains may form on the continental platej. A rift valley forms

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The model below shows two continental plates.

15 The folded mountains in this model form at which type of plate boundary? (8.9B*)a. Transform boundaryb. Divergent boundaryc. Subduction boundaryd. Convergent boundary

The thick black lines on the map below show the locations of mid-ocean ridges.

16 Which geologic feature is most likely to form at a mid-ocean ridge? (8.9B*)f. Peninsula

g. Volcano h. Delta j. Plateau

17 Above a hot spot under an oceanic plate, large quantities of lava continually erupt through the seafloor. If the lava builds up to an elevation greater than sea level, what type of landform will result? (8.9B)a. Atollb. Volcanic islandc. Peninsula d. Continent

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18

The diagram shows forces acting on rock layers. What landform will result from these actions? (8.9B)f. Fault

g. Valleyh. Mountain j. Volcano

Use the diagram above to answer questions 19 and 20.

19 The youngest rocks are most likely found at _______ (8.9B)a. Location 2b. Location 4c. Location 5d. Location 6

20 Which of these best describes what is happening at Location 6? (8.9B)f. Oceanic plate is being created

g. Continent is being destroyedh. Island is formingj. Oceanic crust is being destroyed

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The plate boundary located off the western coast of South America is most likely an area of – (8.9B) a. Ocean-floor spreading because the plates are spreading apartb. Folded mountains because the plates are collidingc. Mid-ocean ridges because the plates are pulling apartd. Subduction because the plates are colliding

22 Which of these best describes what is likely to form at the boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate___ (8.9B)f. Deep ocean trenches

g. Ridges of underwater mountainsh. Mid-ocean ridgej. Huge continental mountain ranges

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What type of plate boundary is most likely to occur at Point A in the diagram above? (8.9B)a. Transformb. Divergent c. Reversed. Convergent

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Convection currents in the earth’s mantle cause crustal plates to move. The drawing above shows a lab set-up designed to model this process. If the two corks in the model represent continents, which of the following outcomes is most likely to result from this investigation? (8.9B)f. g.

h. j.

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The earth process modeled in this investigation is most likely to cause__ (8.9B)a. Land subsidenceb. New ocean floor to formc. Beach erosiond. New sedimentary rock to form

26 What does a grouping of close contour lines indicate? (8.9C)

f. The location of waterg. A meadowh. A steep slopej. A railroad

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27 The highest elevation on this topographic map can be no more than about ____ (8.9C)

a. 25 metersb. 34 metersc. 45 metersd. 49 meters

28 What would you look for in a series of topographic maps to determine that erosion has occurred? (8.9C)f. A widening of the spaces between contour lines

g. A crossing of contour linesh. Indication of waterj. Wind speed and direction values

29 A scientist is studying the effects of hurricanes on beach erosion. How can satellite technology assist with this study? (8.9C)a. GPS location informationb. Communication between scientistsc. Aerial photos of the beaches taken over timed. Warning system of approaching hurricanes

The satellite photograph below shows a large meteorite crater that is 1200m in diameter and 170m deep. This crater is located in a flat, arid part of northeastern Arizona.

30 How will this crater most likely change over time? (8.9C*)f. It will get deeper as it fills with water

g. It will rise up like a volcanic craterh. It will become less deep as the rim erodesj. It will widen as it fills with lava

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31

Which photo best matches the topographic map above? (8.9C)a. b.

c. d.

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Which profile best represents the topography along the dashed line from point X to point Y? (8.9C)f. g.

h. j.

33 A section of a topographic map is shown below.

What is the difference in elevation in meters between Point X and Point Y on the map? Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document in grid 1. (8.6C*)

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Answer Key1. B TEKS 8.6C2. H TEKS 8.6C3. C TEKS 8.6C4. F TEKS 8.9A5. D TEKS 8.9A6. H TEKS 8.9A7. A TEKS 8.9A8. G TEKS 8.9A9. D TEKS 8.9A10. H TEKS 8.9A11. A TEKS 8.9A12. F TEKS 8.9A13. B TEKS 8.9B14. H TEKS 8.9B15. D TEKS 8.9B16. G TEKS 8.9B17. B TEKS 8.9B18. F TEKS 8.9B19. A TEKS 8.9B20. J TEKS 8.9B21. D TEKS 8.9B22. H TEKS 8.9B23. B TEKS 8.9B24. F TEKS 8.9B25. B TEKS 8.9B26. H TEKS 8.9C27. B TEKS 8.9C28. F TEKS 8.9C29. C TEKS 8.9C30. H TEKS 8.9C31. A TEKS 8.9C32. G TEKS 8.9C33. 360 TEKS 8.9C