Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 1/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-1
Usahawan: Peneraju YangBerkuat kuasa sebalik Perniagaan Kecil
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 2/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-2
1. Dunia Usahawan
Di Amerika Syarikat, usahawan bermula lebihdaripada 6 juta perniagaan setahun!
Pemantauan Keusahawanan Global (GEM)- Kira-kira 8% daripada penduduk Amerika
Syarikat yang terlibat secara aktif dalam aktivitikeusahawanan
-Hampir 11% daripada penduduk di 49 negaraGEM dikaji terlibat dalam memulakan perniagaan
baru-Pada tahun 2007, 96% daripada pertubuhan
dalam sektor pembuatan Malaysia adalah perusahaankecil dan sederhana (PKS) menyumbang output30.7%.
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 3/32
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 1 Entrepreneurs 1-3
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 4/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-4
Distribution of SMEs output in the Malaysianmanufacturing sector
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 5/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-5
2. Apakah Usahawan?
Satu yang mencipta perniagaanbaru dalam menghadapi risiko dan
ketidakpastian bagi maksud mencapaikeuntungan dan pertumbuhan denganmengenal pasti peluang dan
pemasangan sumber yang diperlukanuntuk mengambil kesempatan ke atasmereka
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 6/32
Apakah Usahawan?
Seseorang usahawan adalah
seseorang yang bersedia untuk bekerja 16 jam sehari untuk memastikan daripada bekerja 8
jam sehari untuk orang lain!
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 1 Entrepreneurs 1-5
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 7/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-7
3. Ciri-ciri Usahawan
Kajian: 61% daripada orang dewasa di AmerikaSyarikat ingin memulakan perniagaan merekasendiri
Kesediaan untuk mengambil inisiatif Keutamaan untuk risiko yang sederhana
Keyakinan dalam keupayaan mereka untuk berjaya
Berdikari Ketabahan
Keinginan untuk mendapatkan maklum balasserta-merta
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 8/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-8
Tahap tenaga
Daya Saing
orientasi masa depan-usahawan bersiri
Mahir menganjurkan
Pencapaian nilai ke atas wang
Ciri-ciri Usahawan
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 9/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-9
keusahawanan
Salah satu ciri usahawan menonjol:
Kepelbagaian! Sesiapa sahaja - tanpa mengira umur,
bangsa, jantina, warna kulit, negara
asal, atau mana-mana ciri-ciri - bolehmenjadi seorang usahawan (walaupuntidak semua orang perlu)
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 10/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-10
4. Bagaimana menyasarkan PeluangKeusahawanan
Kreativiti vs Inovasi- Kreativiti - keupayaan untuk
membangunkan idea-idea baru danmencari cara-cara baru untuk melihatmasalah dan peluang-peluang
- Inovasi - keupayaan untuk memohon
penyelesaian yang kreatif untuk masalah-masalah dan peluang-peluanguntuk meningkatkan atau untuk memperkayakan kehidupan rakyat
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 11/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-11
Bagaimana menyasarkan
Peluang Keusahawanan
Memantau trend dan mengeksploitasimereka pada awal
>Sonic Mule Mengambil pendekatan yang berbeza untuk
pasaran yang sedia ada>Poo Poo Paper Syarikat
Meletakkan kelainan baru pada idea lama>Rumput Hijau di Terkini
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 12/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-12
Bagaimana menyasarkan
Peluang Keusahawanan
Mencari cara-cara kreatif untuk menggunakansumber-sumber yang sedia ada
>Greenfields Coal Sedarlah bahawa orang lain mempunyai
masalah yang sama yang anda lakukan>SkirtSports
Perhatikan apa yang hilang>Dogs on Wheels
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 13/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-13
5. Manfaat Pemilikan
Perniagaan KecilPeluang untuk:
Mengawal nasib anda sendiri
Membuat perbezaan- usahawan sosial
Mencapai potensi penuh anda
Mengaut keuntungan yang menarik
Menyumbang kepada masyarakat dan untuk diiktiraf untuk usaha anda
Melakukan apa yang anda menikmati danbersenang-senang di dalamnya
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 14/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-14
6. Kelemahan Pemilikan
Perniagaan Kecil Ketidaktentuan pendapatan
Risiko kehilangan pelaburan keseluruhan
anda Jangka masa yang panjang dan kerja
keras
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 15/32
Source: MasterCard Global Small Business Survey, 2007.
Small Business Owners' Work Week
Number of Hours Worked per Week
1 to 39 hours
10%
40 to 49 hours
29%
50 to 59 hours
22%
60 to 69 hours
19%
More than 70 hours
20%
Average workweek = 54 hours
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 1 Entrepreneurs 1-14
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 16/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-16
Kelemahan Pemilikan
Perniagaan Kecil Kualiti kehidupan yang lebih rendah
sehingga perniagaan ini mendapat
ditubuhkan
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 17/32
Source: National Federation of Independent Businesses and Wells Fargo Bank, 2002.
9 . 8 %
3 3 . 5 %
31.1%
17.8%
6.1%
1.7%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Under 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
Age
Owner Age at Business Formation
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 1 Entrepreneurs 1-16
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 18/32Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-18
Kelemahan Pemilikan
Perniagaan Kecil Tahap tekanan yang tinggi
Tanggungjawab yang lengkap
Hilang semangat
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 19/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall1-19
7. Feeding the
Entrepreneurial Fire Entrepreneurs as heroes Entrepreneurial education Demographic and economic factors Shift to a service economy Technological advancements Outsourcing
Independent lifestyles E-Commerce and the World Wide
Web International opportunities
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 20/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-20
8.The Cultural Diversity
of Entrepreneurship Young entrepreneurs
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 21/32
Source: Kauffman Foundation, Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, 1996-2009.
Entrepreneurial Activity by Age Group
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 1 Entrepreneurs 1-20
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 22/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-22
The Cultural Diversity
of Entrepreneurship Young entrepreneurs
Women entrepreneurs
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 23/32
Source: 2008 Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity.
Entrepreneurial Activity by Gender
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 1 Entrepreneurs 1-22
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 24/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-24
The Cultural Diversity
of Entrepreneurship Young entrepreneurs
Women entrepreneurs
Minority-owned enterprises
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 25/32
Source: based on Minorities in Business: A Demographic Review of Small Business Ownership, Small Business Administration, Office of
Advocacy, April 2007.
Minority Business Ownership inthe United States
0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
80
90
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
EastWest
North
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 1 Entrepreneurs1-24
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 26/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-26
The Cultural Diversity
of Entrepreneurship Young entrepreneurs
Women entrepreneurs
Minority-owned enterprises
Immigrant entrepreneurs
Part-time entrepreneurs
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 27/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-27
The Cultural Diversity of
Entrepreneurship Home-based business owners
Family business owners Copreneurs
Corporate castoffs
Corporate dropouts Retired Baby Boomers
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 28/32
100%
81%
65%
54%
46%40%
36%32%
29%27% 25%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
% o
f S m a l l F i r m s S u r v i v i n g
New 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
# of Years in Business
Small Business Survival Rate
Source: National Federation of Independent Businesses Business Policy Guide , 2003.
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-30Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 29/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-29
9.Putting Failure into
Perspective About 54% of new companies fail
within 4 years
Entrepreneurs are not paralyzed bythe prospect of failure
Failure – a natural part of the creativeprocess
Successful entrepreneurs learn to failintelligently
10 Avoiding the
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 30/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-30
10. Avoiding thePitfalls of
Small Business Failure Know your business in depth
Prepare a business plan
Manage financial resources
Understand financialstatements
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 31/32
Chapter 1 Entrepreneurs Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1-31
Avoiding the Pitfalls of Small Business Failure
Learn to manage peopleeffectively
Set your business apart fromthe competition
Maintain a positive attitude
7/27/2019 Scarborough Chapter 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scarborough-chapter-1 32/32
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisher. Printed in theUnited States of America.
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education,Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
