Scans

• 300 second

• A “Blank” scan was taken and the results were subtracted from the

other scans.

Data

Black Pigment Area Orange Pigment Area White Pigment Area

Scans too diffuse for phase analysis

White pigmented area more crystalline structure

More analysis is needed (stay tuned!)

Nylon Testing

Nylon 66 produced last week in the polymer lab

used for Dynamic Mechanical Testing

DMA Mount with sample

Test Results on Nylon66

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Temperature (°C)

Sample: nylon66Size: 6.2799 x 0.2500 mmMethod: Temperature Ramp

DMAFile: C:\Users\RET\nylon66300.001Operator: Yi LinRun Date: 17-Jul-2008 14:26Instrument: DMA Q800 V7.4 Build 126

Universal V4.3A TA Instruments

Test Results Manufactured Nylon

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Temperature (°C)

Sample: nylon66Size: 6.7088 x 0.2700 mmMethod: Temperature Ramp

DMAFile: C:\Users\RET\nylonstring300.002Operator: Yi LinRun Date: 17-Jul-2008 15:56Instrument: DMA Q800 V7.4 Build 126

Universal V4.3A TA Instruments

Comparing Nylons

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Temperature (°C)

Sample: nylon66Size: 6.2799 x 0.2500 mmMethod: Temperature Ramp

DMAFile: C:\Users\RET\nylon66300.001Operator: Yi LinRun Date: 17-Jul-2008 14:26Instrument: DMA Q800 V7.4 Build 126

Universal V4.3A TA Instruments

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Sample: nylon66Size: 6.7088 x 0.2700 mmMethod: Temperature Ramp

DMAFile: C:\Users\RET\nylonstring300.002Operator: Yi LinRun Date: 17-Jul-2008 15:56Instrument: DMA Q800 V7.4 Build 126

Universal V4.3A TA Instruments

NYLON 66

NYLON STRING

Nylon 66 had a higher melting point

Nylon String had a higher Complex Modulus

Scintag (2 Theta Diiractometer)

• Diffractometer -is a measuring instrument used for analyzing the structure of a usually crystalline substance from the scattering pattern produced when a beam of radiation or particles (as X rays or neutrons) interacts with it.

Corals-Old and New

Fossil (Devonian) Coral Recent Coral

Fossil CoralPeaks match for Calcite (Calcium Carbonate)

Recent CoralPeaks match Aragonite (Calcium

Carbonate)

Comparison of Corals

Fossil coral

Recent coral

Calcite and Aragonite are Polymorphs.

Polymorphs have the same chemistry but different crystal structures and symmetries.

Aragonite is thermodynamically unstable at standard temperature and pressure

In order for aragonite to be stable at higher temperatures, there has to be higher pressures

Aragonite forms naturally as the calcareous endoskeleton of warm- and cold-water corals (Scleractina)

How does the coral do it?

Are they real gemstones? or

The case of the star-crossed ruby

Three possible gemstones

Emerald?

Diamond?Ruby?

Multiwire Ltd. Back Reflection LaueUsed to determine if we have a crystal and what its structure is.

Film is placed between the x-ray source and the sample.

Beams which are defracted in a backward plane are recorded

One side of the cone of Laue* is defined by the transmitted beam.

The film intersects the cone with the diffraction spots generally lying on the parabola

*The cone of Laue has no relationship to the Cone of Silence.

Diamond?Crystalline structureSome Symmetry

Emerald?No crystallineStructure. Fake.

Ruby?Crystalline StructureGood symmetry

Analysis in GADDS

Arcs= Peaks in Scintag

Dots = Single Crystals

You can’t analyze single crystals in the Scintage XRD.

Analysis of the peaks revealed that theDiamond(?) was actually Yttrium Oxide.

IT IS A RUBY!!!!

But why did the star ruby cause Petra’s pacemaker to stop?

Only the shadow knows.

Diffractor

• Niobium Tin on Silicon (Nb3Sn)

• 2 annealed

• 2 unannealed

Nb3Sn (annealed)

Nb3Sn (unannealed)

X-Ray Scattering

• Annealed Sample (Nb3Sn)

X-Ray Scattering

• Unannealed Sample (Nb3Sn)