Scaffold Qualified

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    Certified Safety Construction

    Worker CW203

    Presented By:

    Construction Compliance

    Training Center

    This material was developed by Compacion Foundation Inc and The Hispanic Contractors Association de Tejas under Susan Harwood Grant

    Number SH-20-843-SH0 Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or

    policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsements by the U.S.

    Government.

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    A person who is capable of

    identifying existing and predictable

    hazards in the surroundings or workingconditions which are unsanitary,

    hazardous, or dangerous to

    employees, and who has authorization

    to take prompt corrective measures to

    eliminate them.

    1926.450(b)

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    A person who, by possession of a

    recognized degree, certificate, or

    professional standing, or who byextensive knowledge, training, and

    experience, has successfully

    demonstrated his/her ability to solve

    or resolve problems related to the

    subject matter, the work or the project.

    1926.450(b)

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    Scaffolds erection shall be evaluated,

    designed and planned by a qualified person

    and shall be constructed and loaded with

    that design. Each project has uniqueconditions and hazards. This person should

    use the common sense, good judgment

    and strong rational bases for the evaluation

    of his/her design.

    1926.451(a)(6)

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    CFR 1926.450Scope, applications & definitions

    CFR 1926.451General Requirements

    CFR 1926.452Additional Specific Requirements

    CFR 1926.454 - Training

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    Appendixes:

    Appendix AScaffold Specifications

    Appendix B(Reserved) Criteria for

    determining the feasibility of providing safe

    access and fall protection for scaffold erectors

    and dismantlers.

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    Appendixes:

    Appendix CList of national consensus

    standards

    Appendix DList of training topics for scaffold

    erectors and dismantlers

    Appendix EDrawings and illustrations

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    Suspension Scaffold

    Supported Scaffold

    Scaffolding aerial

    basket

    Scaffolding System

    Mobile ScaffoldingTowers

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    Falls to a lower level

    Collapse of structure

    Electrical contacts

    Falls on the same level

    Falling materials and tools

    Blows with fixed objects

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    Falls to a lower level: Building and removing the

    scaffolding incorrectly.

    Going up the structure to

    reach the level of work. Inadequate fall protection, no

    safety rails

    Incomplete Platforms

    Breakage of the work

    platform.

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    Collapse of the structure:

    The inadequate support surface.

    Scaffold support of low resistance

    materials.

    Mooring to the structure,incomplete or insufficient.

    Strong winds (plastic covers

    increases the probability).

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    Electrical contacts:Direct or indirect proximity to

    power lines

    High or low voltage either air or

    on the front.Power cables for portable

    electrical extension cords.

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    Falls on the same level:

    Order and cleanliness on the

    surface of work platforms:

    Extension cords on theplatform.

    Air lines on the platform

    Tools on the platform

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    Falling materials and tools:Scaffolding collapse.

    Unprotected work platform

    (no toe board)Rupture of the work

    platform.

    Incomplete Platform

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    Blows with fixedobjects:

    Blows to the head, arms,

    hips and legs.

    Blows with the same

    scaffold

    Blows with fixed structures

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    1926.451(a)(6)Designed by aqualified person

    and constructed

    and loaded in

    accordance with thatdesign.

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    1926.451(b)(1)Fully planked between

    front upright and

    guardrail support

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    1926.451(b)(1)(ii)Space between the last

    plank and the guardrail

    support no more than

    9

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    1926.451(b)(6)Planks do not support

    one another

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    1926.451(b)(5)(i)Each end of a platform10 feet or less in length shall

    not extend over its support

    more than 12 inches (30 cm)

    unless the platform is designed

    and installed so that the

    cantilevered portion of the

    platform is able to support

    employees and/or materialswithout tipping.

    Cantilevered

    Portion

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    1926.451(b)(5)(ii)Each platform

    grater than 10 feet in

    length shall not extend

    over its support more than18 inches (46 cm) unless

    the platform is designed

    and installed so that the

    cantilevered portion of the

    platform is able to supportemployees.

    Cantilevered

    Portion

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    1926.451(b)(6)On scaffolds

    where scaffolds planks

    are abutted to create a

    long platform eachabutted end shall rest

    on separate support

    surface.

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    1926.451(b)(8)On direction

    changes, any platform

    on a bearer at other

    than a right angle shallbe laid first, and

    platforms which rest at

    right angles over the

    same bearer laid

    second.

    These planks

    laid first

    These plankslaid on top

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    1926.451(c)(2)Supported scaffolds

    poles, legs, frames

    and uprights shall

    bear on base platesand mud sills or other

    adequate firm

    foundation.

    Base plate

    Mud sill

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    1926.451(c)(2)(ii)Unstable objects shall

    not be used to support

    scaffolds or platform

    units.

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    1926.451(c)(1)Supported scaffolds

    with a height to base

    width ratio of more

    than four to one (4:1)shall be restrained

    from tipping by

    guying, tying, bracing,

    or equivalent means.

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    TOP OF SCAFFOLD PLATFORM

    AND UPPERMOST TIE

    NOT TO EXCEED 4 TO 1 RATIO

    20-0 MAX. BETWEEN

    INTERMEDIATE TIES

    4 TIMES MINIMUM BASE

    TIE AT CLOSEST FRAMEHEADER OR BEARER

    FIRST TIE CLOSEST FRAME HOLDER OR BEARER

    ABOVE 4 TIMES THE MINIMUM BASE DIMENSION

    3-0 AND NARROWER

    MINIMUM BASE DIMENSION

    TIE

    TIE

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    1926.451(c)(1)(ii)Guys, ties, and braces shall beinstalled at the closest horizontal

    member to the 4:1 height.

    Guys, ties and braces shall be

    installed at the end of the scaffold

    and at horizontal intervals not to

    exceed 30 ft.

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    All ties must be ofpositive type, they should

    withstand compression and

    tension.

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    1926.451(e)(2)Additional requirements

    for the proper

    construction and use of

    portable ladders arecontained in Subpart X

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    1926.451(e)(1)Cross braces shall not

    be used as a means of

    access.

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    1926.451(e)(1)

    When scaffold platforms are morethan 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a

    point of access, portable ladders,

    hook-on ladders, or other similar

    shall be used.1926.451 (e)(8)It is possible to use the stairs of a

    building and exit for a window when

    the scaffold is not more than 14inches horizontally and not more

    than 24 inches vertically from other

    surface.

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    1926.451(f)(3)Scaffolds and scaffolds

    components shall be

    inspected for visible

    defects by a competentperson before each work

    shift, and after any

    occurrence which could

    affect a scaffold's

    structural integrity.

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    1926.451(f)(4)Any part of a scaffold damagedor defective equipment shall be

    removed from service.

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    1926.451(f)(6)Scaffolds shall not be

    erected, used, dismantled,

    altered, or moved such that

    they are conductive material

    handled on them might

    come closer to exposed and

    energized power lines,

    minimum distance 10 feet

    (3.1 m)

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    1926.451(f)(16)Platforms shall not

    deflect more than

    1/60 of the span when

    loaded.

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    1926.451(g)(1)Each employee on a scaffoldmore than 10 feet (3.1 m) above

    a lower level shall be protected

    from falling to that lower level.

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    1926.451(g)(1)(i)In some scaffolds it is

    possible to use a personal

    fall arrest system (PFAS) in

    lieu of guardrail system.

    Scaffold erectors and

    dismantlers may use a

    personal fall arrest system

    (PFAS) when is possible.

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    1926.451(g)(2)Effective September 2, 1997, the

    employer shall have a competent

    person determine the feasibility

    and safety of providing fall

    protection for employees erectingor dismantling supported

    scaffolds.

    See appendix B

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    1926.451(b)(3); (g)(4)(ii); (iv); (h)(2)(ii)

    Front edge of all platforms:

    Shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the

    face of the work, unless guardrail systems are

    erected

    Top edge height of Toprails: 38-45 inches above the platform

    surface

    Midrails:

    At a height midway between the top

    edge of the guardrail and the platform.Toeboards:

    At least 3-1/2 inches high

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    1926.451(h)(1)Each employee on a

    scaffold shall be

    provided with additional

    protection from fallinghand tools, debris, and

    other small objects

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    1926.452(c)(5)(iii)Brackets shall be usedonly to support personnel

    1926.451(c)(1)(iii)

    Ties, guys, braces, oroutriggers shall be used

    to prevent the tipping of

    supported scaffolds with

    an eccentric load

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    1926.452(c)(4)Where uplift can occur which

    would displace scaffolds

    end frames or panels, the

    frames or panels shall be

    locked together vertically by

    pins or equivalent means.

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    1926.452(c)(5)(iii)Brackets used to support

    cantilever loads shall: be

    used only to support

    personal, unless the scaffold

    has been designed for other

    loads by a qualified

    professional engineer.

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    1926.452(c)(6)Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0

    m) in height above their base

    plates shall be designed by a

    registered professionalengineer, and shall be

    constructed and loaded in

    accordance with such design.

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    1926.454(a)

    Recognize the hazards associated

    with the type of scaffold being

    used;

    Any electrical hazards, fall

    hazards and falling object

    hazards in the area;

    Erecting, maintaining, and

    disassembling:

    The fall protection systems

    Falling object protection

    systems being used

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    1926.454(a)(4)&(5) The maximum intended

    load of the scaffolds used.

    The load-carrying

    capacities of the scaffoldsused.

    Any other pertinent

    requirements of this

    subpart.

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    1926.454(b)(1),(2),(3)&(4)

    The nature of scaffold hazards.

    Correct procedures for erecting,moving, disassembling, operating,repairing, inspecting, andmaintaining the type of scaffold inquestion.

    The design criteria, maximumintended load-carrying capacity

    and intended use of the scaffold. Any other pertinent requirements

    of this subpart.

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    The calculation of the maximum uniform load on the

    scaffold can be based on three anticipated loads.

    Light Duty = 25 psf Medium Duty = 50 psf

    Heavy Duty = 75 psf

    For a Medium Duty:

    5 x 7 = 35 sf

    35 sf x 50 psf = 1750 lbs Maximum

    uniform load

    Scaffold Specifications

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    Scaffold Specifications

    Rated Capacity Intended Load Uniformly

    Light Duty 25 Pounds per ft2

    Medium Duty 50 Pounds per ft2

    Heavy Duty 75 Pounds per ft2

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    Scaffold Specifications

    Maximum

    Intended Load

    Maximum Span

    Full Thickness

    Maximum Span

    Nominal Thickness

    25 Pounds/ft2 10 feet 8 feet

    50 Pounds/ft2 8 feet 6 feet

    75 Pounds/ft2 6 feet Not Allowed

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    Southern Pine DI65 and WCLIB Douglas Fir Select

    Structural are common species of scaffold grade lumber.

    The American Lumber Standards Committee has

    established associations approved to grade species of

    lumber.

    Scaffold Specifications

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    The load consists of two

    main components, the

    weight of the scaffold

    that is considered deadload and the weight of

    tools, materials and

    workers, that is

    considered live load.

    Scaffold Specifications

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    The scaffold should be carefullyinspected before each shift, by

    a competent person.

    The scaffold damaged or

    broken should be removed fromservice.

    The tower should be level,

    plumb and square

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    Do not use equipment that isdamaged.

    Do not use equipment that is

    corroded or rusted.

    Check that the equipment is

    not bent or twisted.

    Check all moving parts

    Check the welds

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    Check the boards for any visible

    damage (cracks, breaks,

    separated, etc.).

    The boards should be of a special

    grade and meets OSHA standards

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    Inspect

    Reinforcement:

    Frames and panels must

    be connected by

    horizontal braces,

    diagonal, alone or in

    combination, and which

    secure vertical members

    laterally.

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    The platform is the

    working area of the

    scaffold.

    Make sure it is safe!

    The gap between the

    platform and the

    building should not be

    more than 14 inches

    (35 cm).

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    Serious injury and possible

    death may be the result of poor

    construction and improper useof the scaffold.

    WARNING!

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    1926.451(f)(7)

    Scaffolds shall be erected,moved, dismantled, or altered

    only under the supervision

    and direction of a competent

    person qualified in scaffolderection, moving, dismantling

    or alteration. Such activities

    shall be performed only by

    experienced and trained

    employees selected for such

    work by the competent

    person.

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    The minimum requirements for

    the personal protective

    equipment are: helmet, goggles,

    gloves, equipment, personal fall

    arrest, and additional equipment

    required.

    All tools must be secured with a

    cord.

    CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

    Questions?

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    Questions?

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    Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA

    requirements.

    It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent

    is more to address hazard awareness in the construction industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards

    present in many construction workplaces.

    It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a

    thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of issuesor concernsbe construed as a

    prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (best practices) have been expressed, it is

    important to remember that safety issues in general and construction jobsites specifically will require a great

    deal of site - or hazard-specificity - a onesize fits allapproach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very

    effective.

    It is assumed that individuals using this presentation, or content, to augment their training programs will be

    qualifiedto do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems,

    and discuss issues with their audiences.

    No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods ofrecommendation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of thiscontent cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor thosewhich have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of each employer

    contractor and their employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which theywork. Copies of all OSHA regulations are available form your local OSHA office. This presentation is intended todiscuss Federal Regulations only your individual State requirements may be more stringent.

    As a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent inthose photos particularly.