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8/10/2019 Scaffold Qualified
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Certified Safety Construction
Worker CW203
Presented By:
Construction Compliance
Training Center
This material was developed by Compacion Foundation Inc and The Hispanic Contractors Association de Tejas under Susan Harwood Grant
Number SH-20-843-SH0 Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or
policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsements by the U.S.
Government.
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A person who is capable of
identifying existing and predictable
hazards in the surroundings or workingconditions which are unsanitary,
hazardous, or dangerous to
employees, and who has authorization
to take prompt corrective measures to
eliminate them.
1926.450(b)
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A person who, by possession of a
recognized degree, certificate, or
professional standing, or who byextensive knowledge, training, and
experience, has successfully
demonstrated his/her ability to solve
or resolve problems related to the
subject matter, the work or the project.
1926.450(b)
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Scaffolds erection shall be evaluated,
designed and planned by a qualified person
and shall be constructed and loaded with
that design. Each project has uniqueconditions and hazards. This person should
use the common sense, good judgment
and strong rational bases for the evaluation
of his/her design.
1926.451(a)(6)
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CFR 1926.450Scope, applications & definitions
CFR 1926.451General Requirements
CFR 1926.452Additional Specific Requirements
CFR 1926.454 - Training
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Appendixes:
Appendix AScaffold Specifications
Appendix B(Reserved) Criteria for
determining the feasibility of providing safe
access and fall protection for scaffold erectors
and dismantlers.
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Appendixes:
Appendix CList of national consensus
standards
Appendix DList of training topics for scaffold
erectors and dismantlers
Appendix EDrawings and illustrations
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Suspension Scaffold
Supported Scaffold
Scaffolding aerial
basket
Scaffolding System
Mobile ScaffoldingTowers
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Falls to a lower level
Collapse of structure
Electrical contacts
Falls on the same level
Falling materials and tools
Blows with fixed objects
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Falls to a lower level: Building and removing the
scaffolding incorrectly.
Going up the structure to
reach the level of work. Inadequate fall protection, no
safety rails
Incomplete Platforms
Breakage of the work
platform.
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Collapse of the structure:
The inadequate support surface.
Scaffold support of low resistance
materials.
Mooring to the structure,incomplete or insufficient.
Strong winds (plastic covers
increases the probability).
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Electrical contacts:Direct or indirect proximity to
power lines
High or low voltage either air or
on the front.Power cables for portable
electrical extension cords.
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Falls on the same level:
Order and cleanliness on the
surface of work platforms:
Extension cords on theplatform.
Air lines on the platform
Tools on the platform
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Falling materials and tools:Scaffolding collapse.
Unprotected work platform
(no toe board)Rupture of the work
platform.
Incomplete Platform
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Blows with fixedobjects:
Blows to the head, arms,
hips and legs.
Blows with the same
scaffold
Blows with fixed structures
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1926.451(a)(6)Designed by aqualified person
and constructed
and loaded in
accordance with thatdesign.
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1926.451(b)(1)Fully planked between
front upright and
guardrail support
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1926.451(b)(1)(ii)Space between the last
plank and the guardrail
support no more than
9
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1926.451(b)(6)Planks do not support
one another
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1926.451(b)(5)(i)Each end of a platform10 feet or less in length shall
not extend over its support
more than 12 inches (30 cm)
unless the platform is designed
and installed so that the
cantilevered portion of the
platform is able to support
employees and/or materialswithout tipping.
Cantilevered
Portion
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1926.451(b)(5)(ii)Each platform
grater than 10 feet in
length shall not extend
over its support more than18 inches (46 cm) unless
the platform is designed
and installed so that the
cantilevered portion of the
platform is able to supportemployees.
Cantilevered
Portion
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1926.451(b)(6)On scaffolds
where scaffolds planks
are abutted to create a
long platform eachabutted end shall rest
on separate support
surface.
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1926.451(b)(8)On direction
changes, any platform
on a bearer at other
than a right angle shallbe laid first, and
platforms which rest at
right angles over the
same bearer laid
second.
These planks
laid first
These plankslaid on top
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1926.451(c)(2)Supported scaffolds
poles, legs, frames
and uprights shall
bear on base platesand mud sills or other
adequate firm
foundation.
Base plate
Mud sill
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1926.451(c)(2)(ii)Unstable objects shall
not be used to support
scaffolds or platform
units.
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1926.451(c)(1)Supported scaffolds
with a height to base
width ratio of more
than four to one (4:1)shall be restrained
from tipping by
guying, tying, bracing,
or equivalent means.
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TOP OF SCAFFOLD PLATFORM
AND UPPERMOST TIE
NOT TO EXCEED 4 TO 1 RATIO
20-0 MAX. BETWEEN
INTERMEDIATE TIES
4 TIMES MINIMUM BASE
TIE AT CLOSEST FRAMEHEADER OR BEARER
FIRST TIE CLOSEST FRAME HOLDER OR BEARER
ABOVE 4 TIMES THE MINIMUM BASE DIMENSION
3-0 AND NARROWER
MINIMUM BASE DIMENSION
TIE
TIE
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1926.451(c)(1)(ii)Guys, ties, and braces shall beinstalled at the closest horizontal
member to the 4:1 height.
Guys, ties and braces shall be
installed at the end of the scaffold
and at horizontal intervals not to
exceed 30 ft.
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All ties must be ofpositive type, they should
withstand compression and
tension.
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1926.451(e)(2)Additional requirements
for the proper
construction and use of
portable ladders arecontained in Subpart X
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1926.451(e)(1)Cross braces shall not
be used as a means of
access.
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1926.451(e)(1)
When scaffold platforms are morethan 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a
point of access, portable ladders,
hook-on ladders, or other similar
shall be used.1926.451 (e)(8)It is possible to use the stairs of a
building and exit for a window when
the scaffold is not more than 14inches horizontally and not more
than 24 inches vertically from other
surface.
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1926.451(f)(3)Scaffolds and scaffolds
components shall be
inspected for visible
defects by a competentperson before each work
shift, and after any
occurrence which could
affect a scaffold's
structural integrity.
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1926.451(f)(4)Any part of a scaffold damagedor defective equipment shall be
removed from service.
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1926.451(f)(6)Scaffolds shall not be
erected, used, dismantled,
altered, or moved such that
they are conductive material
handled on them might
come closer to exposed and
energized power lines,
minimum distance 10 feet
(3.1 m)
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1926.451(f)(16)Platforms shall not
deflect more than
1/60 of the span when
loaded.
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1926.451(g)(1)Each employee on a scaffoldmore than 10 feet (3.1 m) above
a lower level shall be protected
from falling to that lower level.
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1926.451(g)(1)(i)In some scaffolds it is
possible to use a personal
fall arrest system (PFAS) in
lieu of guardrail system.
Scaffold erectors and
dismantlers may use a
personal fall arrest system
(PFAS) when is possible.
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1926.451(g)(2)Effective September 2, 1997, the
employer shall have a competent
person determine the feasibility
and safety of providing fall
protection for employees erectingor dismantling supported
scaffolds.
See appendix B
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1926.451(b)(3); (g)(4)(ii); (iv); (h)(2)(ii)
Front edge of all platforms:
Shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the
face of the work, unless guardrail systems are
erected
Top edge height of Toprails: 38-45 inches above the platform
surface
Midrails:
At a height midway between the top
edge of the guardrail and the platform.Toeboards:
At least 3-1/2 inches high
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1926.451(h)(1)Each employee on a
scaffold shall be
provided with additional
protection from fallinghand tools, debris, and
other small objects
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1926.452(c)(5)(iii)Brackets shall be usedonly to support personnel
1926.451(c)(1)(iii)
Ties, guys, braces, oroutriggers shall be used
to prevent the tipping of
supported scaffolds with
an eccentric load
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1926.452(c)(4)Where uplift can occur which
would displace scaffolds
end frames or panels, the
frames or panels shall be
locked together vertically by
pins or equivalent means.
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1926.452(c)(5)(iii)Brackets used to support
cantilever loads shall: be
used only to support
personal, unless the scaffold
has been designed for other
loads by a qualified
professional engineer.
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1926.452(c)(6)Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0
m) in height above their base
plates shall be designed by a
registered professionalengineer, and shall be
constructed and loaded in
accordance with such design.
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1926.454(a)
Recognize the hazards associated
with the type of scaffold being
used;
Any electrical hazards, fall
hazards and falling object
hazards in the area;
Erecting, maintaining, and
disassembling:
The fall protection systems
Falling object protection
systems being used
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1926.454(a)(4)&(5) The maximum intended
load of the scaffolds used.
The load-carrying
capacities of the scaffoldsused.
Any other pertinent
requirements of this
subpart.
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1926.454(b)(1),(2),(3)&(4)
The nature of scaffold hazards.
Correct procedures for erecting,moving, disassembling, operating,repairing, inspecting, andmaintaining the type of scaffold inquestion.
The design criteria, maximumintended load-carrying capacity
and intended use of the scaffold. Any other pertinent requirements
of this subpart.
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The calculation of the maximum uniform load on the
scaffold can be based on three anticipated loads.
Light Duty = 25 psf Medium Duty = 50 psf
Heavy Duty = 75 psf
For a Medium Duty:
5 x 7 = 35 sf
35 sf x 50 psf = 1750 lbs Maximum
uniform load
Scaffold Specifications
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Scaffold Specifications
Rated Capacity Intended Load Uniformly
Light Duty 25 Pounds per ft2
Medium Duty 50 Pounds per ft2
Heavy Duty 75 Pounds per ft2
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Scaffold Specifications
Maximum
Intended Load
Maximum Span
Full Thickness
Maximum Span
Nominal Thickness
25 Pounds/ft2 10 feet 8 feet
50 Pounds/ft2 8 feet 6 feet
75 Pounds/ft2 6 feet Not Allowed
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Southern Pine DI65 and WCLIB Douglas Fir Select
Structural are common species of scaffold grade lumber.
The American Lumber Standards Committee has
established associations approved to grade species of
lumber.
Scaffold Specifications
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The load consists of two
main components, the
weight of the scaffold
that is considered deadload and the weight of
tools, materials and
workers, that is
considered live load.
Scaffold Specifications
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The scaffold should be carefullyinspected before each shift, by
a competent person.
The scaffold damaged or
broken should be removed fromservice.
The tower should be level,
plumb and square
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Do not use equipment that isdamaged.
Do not use equipment that is
corroded or rusted.
Check that the equipment is
not bent or twisted.
Check all moving parts
Check the welds
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Check the boards for any visible
damage (cracks, breaks,
separated, etc.).
The boards should be of a special
grade and meets OSHA standards
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Inspect
Reinforcement:
Frames and panels must
be connected by
horizontal braces,
diagonal, alone or in
combination, and which
secure vertical members
laterally.
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The platform is the
working area of the
scaffold.
Make sure it is safe!
The gap between the
platform and the
building should not be
more than 14 inches
(35 cm).
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Serious injury and possible
death may be the result of poor
construction and improper useof the scaffold.
WARNING!
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1926.451(f)(7)
Scaffolds shall be erected,moved, dismantled, or altered
only under the supervision
and direction of a competent
person qualified in scaffolderection, moving, dismantling
or alteration. Such activities
shall be performed only by
experienced and trained
employees selected for such
work by the competent
person.
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The minimum requirements for
the personal protective
equipment are: helmet, goggles,
gloves, equipment, personal fall
arrest, and additional equipment
required.
All tools must be secured with a
cord.
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Questions?
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Questions?
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Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA
requirements.
It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent
is more to address hazard awareness in the construction industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards
present in many construction workplaces.
It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a
thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of issuesor concernsbe construed as a
prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (best practices) have been expressed, it is
important to remember that safety issues in general and construction jobsites specifically will require a great
deal of site - or hazard-specificity - a onesize fits allapproach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very
effective.
It is assumed that individuals using this presentation, or content, to augment their training programs will be
qualifiedto do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems,
and discuss issues with their audiences.
No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods ofrecommendation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of thiscontent cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor thosewhich have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of each employer
contractor and their employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which theywork. Copies of all OSHA regulations are available form your local OSHA office. This presentation is intended todiscuss Federal Regulations only your individual State requirements may be more stringent.
As a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent inthose photos particularly.