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7/27/2019 SCADA - General Interoduction
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Supervisory Control &Data Acquisition Systems
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What is SCADA?
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
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Why SCADA?
Previously without SCADA software, an industrialprocess was entirely controlled by PLC, CNC , PID µ controllers having programmed in certainlanguages or codes.
These codes were either written in assembly language orrelay logic without any true animation that wouldexplain the process running.
It is always easy to understand the status of the process if
it is shown with some animations rather then writtencodes.
Hence SCADA software came to existence and with someexclusive features it became internal part of automationsystem
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S C A D A
Now a days, the control systems are alwayscoupled with Man Machine Interface or
Supervisory Control and Data AcquisitionSoftware, this is because SCADA provide acomplete pictorial overview of the entire plantprocess with necessary monitoring and control
facilities at a central location.
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It works like a supervisor who supervises the entire plantarea, it also controls the process as well as it converts thedata segments for storing process values i.e. level ,pressure , switch positions , density , temperature,
messages , etc.
From a distant place if we want to run the process i.e.starting , stopping , opening and closing of fieldinstruments as well as logging the various values. SCADA
can do for you.
SCADA software is to be connected to PLC / PID / DCSsystems which in turn are connected to field instruments.
S C A D A
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Hazardous areas , unhygienic places , hilly areas andsea beds where a person cant be send regularly butprocess has to be watched continuously or it shouldbe controlled then it can be done using SCADA.
Without going to field area if one wants to resetalarms or wants to log a data for a period of time orwants to know status of various units of his companythen SCADA is the best option.
S C A D A
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Features of typical SCADA software include ,
Dynamic process graphic
Real-time and Historical trending
Alarms
Recipe Management
Security
Device connectivity
Script for logic development
Database connectivity
Networking
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Dynamic Process Graphics
Using this feature, one can develop graphics which canresemble the plant.
The graphics can include Reactors, valves, pumps,agitators, conveyors as well as other equipment andmachinery used in the plant.
The status of the equipment running / stopped can beshown using different colours / animation.
Typically the SCADA software will have many ready touse symbols for proper representation which can beused in any type of industry.
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Real-time & Historical Trends
This facility is used for representing the data in graphicalform.
Typically the trends plots the value with reference to thetime
Real-time data will plot the real-time value for fixedperiod of time while historical data will have historicaldata stored value which can be viewed on demand..
Depending upon the storing capacity of the hard-disk onecan specify the no of days the data can be stored
Some SCADA software show real-time and historicaltrends in single graphics while fewrs use separate tools.
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Alarms
Every plant needs proper monitoring and control ofthe process parameters.
Alarms represent warnings of process conditions
that could cause problems, and require an operatorresponse
Generally alarms are implemented by using thelamps or hooters in field but in SCADA it can be
represented using animation. In many SCADA software, four type of alarm limits
are used ie HI, HIHI, LOW, LOW LOW
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Recipe Management
In many cases we use the same plant formanufacturing different product range. For examplean oil blending plant can manufacture power oil,
transformer oil, automobile oil.
The recipe management is facility used for maintainvarious recipes of different products and implement iton the process.
The recipe can be stored in a single server and it can befetched by any client server from any area to run theprocess.
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Security
Every SCADA software has various levels of securityfor securing the application by avoidingunauthorised access.
Depending upon the access level given the operator/ engineers is allowed to do the task. In most of thecases, operators are allowed only to operate the plantwhile maintenance engineers can do the applicationmodifications.
The security can be given for individual as well asfor groups.
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Device Connectivity
Every control hardware has its own communicationprotocol for communicating with different hadrware /software. Some of the leading communication protocolinclude Modbus, Profibus, Ethernet, Dh +, DH 485,
Devicenet, Control net.
The SCADA software needs device driver software forcommunication with PLC or other control hardware.
More the driver software available better is the deviceconnectivity. Most of the SCADA software used in theindustry have connectivity with most of the leadingcontrol system.
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Database Connectivity
In many plants, it is important to download the real-time information to the MIS. In this case the database
connectivity is must.
Many SCADA software dont have their own database.Hence for storage and reporting they use third partydatabase like MS Access or SQL
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Scripts
Script is a way of writing logic in SCADA software.Every SCADA software has its own instructions andway of writing program.
Using scripts, one can develop complex applications.You can create your own functions to suit the processrequirement. execution.
Various types of scripts make project execution simpler
for programmer.
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Networking
In many application, we have to use more than oneSCADA software / operator stations. This can beachieved by taking the SCADA node on network.
In many cases Ethernet TCP/IP is commonly usedfor networking.
In certain cases the SCADA software use propriety
networking protocols for networking.
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Type of SCADA software andLicensing
Typically the SCADA software are sold with
Functionality ie Development and Runtime or
Runtime only No of tags supported
Some of the SCADA software use HardwareLock ( hardware key to be attached on parallelport), while other use software license iesoftware key to be installed on the hard disk
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Industry Capabilities
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Local Control Stations (OI and HM I )
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Evolution of SCADA
To start with the SCADA software were used for monitor and controlling the
parameters locally.
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Evolution of SCADA
Subsequently the modems were used the monitor the data over adistance
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Advanced Network Arrangement
The latest advancement in the SCADA technology includes thedata monitoring on wide area network using modems, Ethernet
tcp/ip as well as GPS system
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Some of the Leading SCADA Software
Wonderware : InTouch
Intellution : iFix (Earlier Fix DMACS)
Allen Bradley : RS View (Earlier Control View) Siemens : WinCC (Earlier Coros LS /B )
GE Fanuc : Cimplicity
Indusoft : I W S Movicon : Progea
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Wireless Industrial Applications
Wireless Ethernet, Self-Powered WirelessSensors
RFID
Wireless and RFID technologies are finding extensive usage in afield of industrial automation
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Typical Industry Application
Apart from manufacturing process, SCADA software are beingused very effectively in water supply and management. The
functionality includes.
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Typical I ndustry Application
Control of SubstationsControl of auto-reclosersLoad sheddingMetering
Downtime analysisDespatch and assessment
Electricity
In electricity, the functionality includes.
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Typical I ndustry Application
Chemical Plants
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Gas and Water Pipelines
Typical I ndustry Application
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Reservoir Management
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Typical I ndustry Application