SC on Concepts of Ancestral Property

8/20/2019 SC on Concepts of Ancestral Property

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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2360_of 2016[ARISING OUT OF SLP CIVIL! NO.6036 OF 201"#

UTTAM …APPELLANT

VERSUS

SAUBHAG SINGH & ORS. …RESPONDENTS

J U D G M E N T

R.F. N$%&'$() J.

1. Leave granted.

2. Te !re"ent a!!ea# $" % te !#a$nt$'' () '$#ed a "*$t ')r

!art$t$)n+ %e$ng S*$t N).,A )' 1--- %e')re te Se)nd /$v$#

0*dge+ /#a"" II Deva"+ Mada Prade"+ dated 2.12.1--+ $n

($ te '$r"t ')*r de'endant" a!!ened t) %e $" 'ater

de'endant N).34+ and $" 'ater5" tree %r)ter" $.e. de'endant

N)". 1+2 and 6. He #a$7ed a 18t "are $n te "*$t !r)!ert )n

te '))t$ng tat te "*$t !r)!ert (a" ane"tra# !r)!ert+ and

tat+ %e$ng a )!arener+ e ad a r$gt % %$rt $n te "a$d

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!r)!ert $n a)rdane ($t te M$ta9"ara La(. A :)$nt (r$tten

"tate7ent (a" '$#ed % a## ')*r %r)ter"+ $n#*d$ng te !#a$nt$''5"

'ater+ #a$7$ng tat te "*$t !r)!ert (a" n)t ane"tra#

!r)!ert+ and tat an ear#$er !art$t$)n ad ta9en !#ae % ($

te !#a$nt$''5" 'ater ad %e)7e "e!arate. Te tr$a# )*rt+ % $t"

)rder dated 2;.12.2;;; dereed te !#a$nt$''5" "*$t )#d$ng tat $t

(a" ad7$tted % D a" $' te "a$d 0agannat

S$ng ad d$ed $nte"tate+ and tat %e$ng te a"e+ )ne Set$)n

"te!" $n+ te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert a" t) %e d$v$ded $n

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a)rdane ($t r*#e" )' $nte"ta and n)t "*rv$v)r"$!. T$"

%e$ng ")+ n) :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert re7a$ned t) %e d$v$ded (en

te "*$t ')r !art$t$)n (a" '$#ed % te !#a$nt$''+ and tat "$ne te

!#a$nt$'' ad n) r$gt ($#e $" 'ater (a" a#$ve+ te 'ater a#)ne

%e$ng a /#a"" I e$r and )n"e?*ent# te !#a$nt$'' n)t %e$ng a

/#a"" I e$r4+ te !#a$nt$'' ad n) r$gt t) "*e ')r !art$t$)n+ and

tere')re te "*$t (a" d$"7$""ed and )n"e?*ent# te '$r"t

a!!ea# (a" a##)(ed.

6. @)##)($ng te "a7e #$ne )' rea")n$ng and "evera#

:*dg7ent" )' t$" /)*rt+ te H$g /)*rt $n "e)nd A!!ea#

d$"7$""ed te "a$d a!!ea#+ )#d$ng

C1,. T*" $n v$e( )' te !r)v$"$)n" )nta$ned $n

Set$)n" 6+>+ and Sed*#e )' te At a" (e## a"te #a( "ett#ed % te a')re"a$d :*dg7ent"+ $t $"#ear tat a'ter )7$ng $nt) ')re )' te Atgrand")n a" n) %$rt r$gt $n te !r)!ert$e" )' grand'ater and e ann)t #a$7 !art$t$)n d*r$ng#$'et$7e )' $" 'ater.

1>. In te !re"ent a"e+ $t $" *nd$"!*ted tat0agannat ad d$ed $n te ear 1-=3+ #eav$ng

%e$nd re"!)ndent" N). 1 t) 6 $.e. $" ')*r ")n")vered % /#a"" I e$r" )' te "ed*#e tere')re+te !r)!ert$e" ad dev)#ved *!)n te7 (en"*e""$)n ad )!ened )n te deat )' 0agannat.It a" a#") %een ')*nd !r)ved tat n) !art$t$)n adta9en !#ae %et(een re"!)ndent" N). 1 t) 6. Tea!!e##ant () $" te grand ")n )' 0agannat $" n)t

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ent$t#ed t) #a$7 !art$t$)n d*r$ng te #$'et$7e )' $"'ater M)an S$ng $n te !r)!ert$e" #e't %e$nd %0agannat "$ne te a!!e##ant a" n) %$rt r$gt $nte "*$t !r)!ert$e".

1=. In v$e( )' te a')re"a$d+ te "*%"tant$a#?*e"t$)n" )' #a( are an"(ered aga$n"t te a!!e##ant% )#d$ng tat te '$r"t a!!e##ate )*rt a")77$tted n) err)r $n d$"7$""$ng te "*$t ')r !art$t$)n '$#ed % te a!!e##ant re'err$ng t) Set$)n )' te At and )#d$ng tat d*r$ng te #$'et$7e )' M)an S$ng+ te a!!e##ant a" n) r$gt t) get te"*$t !r)!ert !art$t$)ned.

,. It $" t$" :*dg7ent tat a" %een a##enged %e')re *" $n

a!!ea#.

>. Sr$ S*"$# *7ar 0a$n+ #earned "en$)r adv)ate

a!!ear$ng )n %ea#' )' te a!!e##ant+ t))9 *" tr)*g var$)*"

!r)v$"$)n" )' te H$nd* S*e""$)n At+ and tr)*g "evera#

:*dg7ent" )' t$" /)*rt+ and )ntended tat Set$)n >+ !r$)r t)

$t" a7end7ent $n 2;;,+ ()*#d g)vern te 'at" )' t$" a"e. He

)neded tat a" 0agannat S$ng5" ($d)( (a" a#$ve $n 1-=3 at

te t$7e )' $" deat+ te a"e ()*#d %e g)verned % te

!r)v$") t) Set$)n >+ and tat tere')re te $ntere"t )' te

deea"ed $n te M$ta9"ara )!arenar !r)!ert ()*#d

dev)#ve % $nte"tate "*e""$)n *nder Set$)n )' te "a$d At.

H)(ever+ e arg*ed tat $t $" )n# te $ntere"t )' te deea"ed

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$n "* )!arenar !r)!ert tat ()*#d dev)#ve % $nte"tate

"*e""$)n+ #eav$ng te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert )ter($"e $ntat.

T$" %e$ng te a"e+ te !#a$nt$'' ad ever r$gt t) "*e ')r

!art$t$)n ($#e $" 'ater (a" "t$## a#$ve+ $na"7* a"+ %e$ng a

)!arener and av$ng a r$gt )' !art$t$)n $n te :)$nt 'a7$#

!r)!ert+ ($ )nt$n*ed t) "*%"$"t a" "* a'ter te deat )'

0agannat S$ng+ te !#a$nt$''5" r$gt t) "*e ad n)t %een ta9en

a(a. He (ent )n t) arg*e tat Set$)n )' te At ()*#d n)t

%ar "* a "*$t a" $t ()*#d a!!# )n# at te t$7e )' te deat )'

0agannat S$ng $.e. te grand'ater )' te !#a$nt$'' $n 1-=3 and

n)t terea'ter t) n)n "*$t te !#a$nt$''+ () a" a #$v$ng

)!arener )' :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert+ (a" ent$t#ed t) a !art$t$)n

%e')re an )ter deat $n te :)$nt 'a7$# )*rred. He a#")

arg*ed tat te H$nd* S*e""$)n At )n# a%r)gated te H$nd*

La( t) te eFtent $nd$ated+ and tat Set$)n" > and ave t)

%e read ar7)n$)*"#+ a" a re"*#t )' ($ te "tat*" )' :)$nt

'a7$# !r)!ert ($ $" re)gn$ed *nder Set$)n > ann)t %e

"a$d t) %e ta9en a(a *!)n te a!!#$at$)n )' Set$)n )n te

deat )' te !#a$nt$''5" grand'ater $n 1-=3.

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=. Sr$ N$ra: Sar7a+ #earned )*n"e# a!!ear$ng )n %ea#'

)' te re"!)ndent"+ )*ntered te"e "*%7$""$)n"+ and a#")

re'erred t) var$)*" !r)v$"$)n" )' te H$nd* S*e""$)n At and

var$)*" :*dg7ent" )' t$" /)*rt t) %*ttre"" $" "*%7$""$)n tat

)ne Set$)n get" a!!#$ed % rea")n )' te a!!#$at$)n )' te

!r)v$") t) Set$)n >+ te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert ea"e" t) %e :)$nt

'a7$# !r)!ert terea'ter+ and an )n# %e "*eeded t) %

a!!#$at$)n )' e$ter Set$)n 3; )r Set$)n + Set$)n 3;

a!!#$ng $n a"e a ($## ad %een 7ade and Set$)n a!!#$ng

$n a"e a 7e7%er )' te :)$nt 'a7$# d$e" $nte"tate. He+

tere')re+ "*!!)rted te :*dg7ent )' te H$g /)*rt and

"tr)ng# re#$ed *!)n t() :*dg7ent" $n !art$*#ar+ na7e#

Co''&**&o(+% of ,+$-/ T$) $(% $(4 O/+%* 5.

C/$(4+% S+( $(4 O/+%*) 1->4 3 S// ,>=+ and B/$($%

S&(7/ 5. P%$() 2;;4 3 S// =+ t) %*ttre"" $" "*%7$""$)n

tat )ne Set$)n $" a!!#$ed t) te 'at" )' a g$ven a"e+ te

!r)!ert terea'ter ea"e" t) %e :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert+ and t$"

%e$ng te a"e+ n) r$gt t) !art$t$)n a !r)!ert ($ $" n)

#)nger :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert )nt$n*e" t) "*%"$"t $n an 7e7%er

)' te )!arenar.

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. Hav$ng eard #earned )*n"e# ')r te !art$e"+ $t $"

nee""ar t) "et )*t te re#evant !r)v$"$)n" )' te H$nd*

S*e""$)n At+ 1-,>. Te At+ a" $t" #)ng t$t#e "tate"+ $" an At

t) a7end and )d$' te #a( re#at$ng t) $nte"tate "*e""$)n

a7)ng H$nd*". Set$)n 6 )verr$de" te H$nd* La( $n ')re

$77ed$ate# %e')re te )77ene7ent )' t$" At $n")'ar a" $t

re'er" t) an 7atter ')r ($ !r)v$"$)n $" 7ade % te At.

Set$)n 6 read" a" ')##)("

8". O5+%%&4&(7 +ff+9 of A9.:Save a" )ter($"eeF!re""# !r)v$ded $n t$" At+

a4 an teFt+ r*#e )r $nter!retat$)n )' H$nd* La( )r an *"t)7 )r *"age a" !art )' tat #a( $n ')re$77ed$ate# %e')re te )77ene7ent )' t$" At+"a## ea"e t) ave e''et ($t re"!et t) an 7atter

')r ($ !r)v$"$)n $" 7ade $n t$" At

b4 an )ter #a( $n ')re $77ed$ate# %e')re te)77ene7ent )' t$" At "a## ea"e t) a!!# t)H$nd*" $n ") 'ar a" $t $" $n)n"$"tent ($t an )' te!r)v$"$)n" )nta$ned $n t$" At.

Set$)n > !r$)r t) $t" a7end7ent $n 2;;, read" a" ')##)("

86. D+5o-&o( of &(+%+* &( 9o$%9+($%;%o+%;.:


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"*rv$v)r"$! *!)n te "*rv$v$ng 7e7%er" )' te)!arenar and n)t $n a)rdane ($t t$" At Pr)v$ded tat+ $' te deea"ed ad #e't $7 "*rv$v$nga 'e7a#e re#at$ve "!e$'$ed $n /#a"" I )' teSed*#e )r a 7a#e re#at$ve "!e$'$ed $n tat #a""() #a$7" tr)*g "* 'e7a#e re#at$ve+ te$ntere"t )' te deea"ed $n te M$ta9"ara)!arenar !r)!ert "a## dev)#ve % te"ta7entar)r $nte"tate "*e""$)n+ a" te a"e 7a %e+ *nder t$" At and n)t % "*rv$v)r"$!.

Explanation 1.@)r te !*r!)"e" )' t$" "et$)n+te $ntere"t )' a H$nd* M$ta9"ara )!arener "a##%e dee7ed t) %e te "are $n te !r)!ert tat

()*#d ave %een a##)tted t) $7 $' a !art$t$)n )' te!r)!ert ad ta9en !#ae $77ed$ate# %e')re $"deat+ $rre"!et$ve )' (eter e (a" ent$t#ed t)#a$7 !art$t$)n )r n)t.

Explanation 2 .N)t$ng )nta$ned $n te !r)v$") t)t$" "et$)n "a## %e )n"tr*ed a" ena%#$ng a !er")n() ad "e!arated $7"e#' 'r)7 te )!arenar%e')re te deat )' te deea"ed )r an )' $" e$r"t) #a$7 )n $nte"ta a "are $n te $ntere"t re'erredt) tere$n.

It $" )77)n gr)*nd %et(een te !art$e" tat "$ne te !re"ent

"*$t (a" '$#ed )n# $n 1-- and te deree $n te "a$d "*$t (a"

!a""ed )n 2;.12.2;;;+ tat te a7end7ent t) Set$)n >+ 7ade

$n 2;;,+ ()*#d n)t g)vern te r$gt" )' te !art$e" $n te !re"ent

a"e. T$" %e)7e" #ear 'r)7 a read$ng )' te !r)v$") $4 t)

Set$)n > )' te a7ended !r)v$"$)n ($ "tate" a" ')##)("

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CPr)v$ded tat n)t$ng )nta$ned $n t$" "*%"et$)n"a## a''et )r $nva#$date an d$"!)"$t$)n )r a#$enat$)n$n#*d$ng an !art$t$)n )r te"ta7entar d$"!)"$t$)n )' !r)!ert ($ ad ta9en !#ae %e')re te 2;t da)' Dee7%er+ 2;;6.

Te eF!#anat$)n t) t$" Set$)n a#") "tate" t*"

“Explanation.@)r te !*r!)"e" )' t$" "et$)nC!art$t$)n 7ean" an !art$t$)n 7ade % eFe*t$)n )' a deed )' !art$t$)n d*# reg$"tered *nder teReg$"trat$)n At+ 1-; 1> )' 1-;4 )r !art$t$)ne''eted % a deree )' a )*rt.

@r)7 a read$ng )' te a')re"a$d !r)v$"$)n $t %e)7e" #ear tat

a !art$t$)n av$ng %een e''eted % a )*rt deree )'

2;.12.2;;;+ ($ $" !r$)r t) -t Se!te7%er+ 2;;,+ ($ $" te

date )' )77ene7ent )' te A7end$ng At4+ ()*#d n)t %e

a''eted.

-. Te neFt $7!)rtant Set$)n 'r)7 )*r !)$nt )' v$e( $"

Set$)n + ($ read" a" ')##)("

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c 4 t$rd#+ $' tere $" n) e$r )' an )' te t()#a""e"+ ten *!)n te agnate" )' te deea"edandd 4 #a"t#+ $' tere $" n) agnate+ ten *!)n te)gnate" )' te deea"ed.

THE SCHEDULE

Class I

S)n da*gter ($d)( 7)ter ")n )' a!redeea"ed ")n da*gter )' a !redeea"ed ")n")n )' a !redeea"ed da*gter da*gter )' a!redeea"ed da*gter ($d)( )' a !redeea"ed

")n ")n )' a !redeea"ed ")n )' a !redeea"ed")n da*gter )' a !redeea"ed ")n )' a!redeea"ed ")n ($d)( )' a !redeea"ed ")n )' a !redeea"ed ")n+ ")n )' a !redeea"edda*gter )' a !redeea"ed da*gter da*gter )' a!redeea"ed da*gter )' a !redeea"edda*gter da*gter )' a !redeea"ed ")n )' a!redeea"ed da*gter da*gter )' a!redeea"ed da*gter )' a !redeea"ed ")n.

1;. A#") )' ")7e $7!)rtane are Set$)n" 1- and 3; )' te

"a$d At ($ read a" ')##)("

C1-. Mo4+ of *99+**&o( of o o% 'o%+ /+&%*.I' t() )r 7)re e$r" "*eed t)geter t) te!r)!ert )' an $nte"tate+ te "a## ta9e te !r)!ert+

a4 "ave a" )ter($"e eF!re""# !r)v$ded $n t$" At+ per capita and n)t per stirpes; and

%4 a" tenant"$n)77)n and n)t a" :)$nt tenant".

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30. T+*$'+($%; *99+**&o(. An H$nd* 7ad$"!)"e )' % ($## )r )ter te"ta7entar d$"!)"$t$)nan !r)!ert+ ($ $" a!a%#e )' %e$ng ") d$"!)"ed)' % $7 )r % er+ $n a)rdane ($t te!r)v$"$)n" )' te Ind$an S*e""$)n At+ 1-2, 3- )' 1-2,4+ )r an )ter #a( ')r te t$7e %e$ng $n ')reand a!!#$a%#e t) H$nd*".

Explanation.—Te $ntere"t )' a 7a#e H$nd* $n aM$ta9"ara )!arenar !r)!ert )r te $ntere"t )' a7e7%er )' a tarwad ta!a"#i illo$%&t&$ba )r %a!ar& $n te !r)!ert )' te tarwadta!a"#i illo$ %&t&$ba )r %a!ar& "a##+n)t($t"tand$ng ant$ng )nta$ned $n t$" At+ )r $n

an )ter #a( ')r te t$7e %e$ng $n ')re+ %e dee7edt) %e !r)!ert a!a%#e )' %e$ng d$"!)"ed )' % $7)r % er ($t$n te 7ean$ng )' t$" "et$)n.

11. Be')re ana#"$ng te !r)v$"$)n" )' te At+ $t $" nee""ar

t) re'er t) ")7e )' te :*dg7ent" )' t$" /)*rt ($ ave

dea#t+ $n !art$*#ar+ ($t Set$)n > %e')re $t" a7end7ent $n

2;;,+ and ($t Set$)n . In G.. M$74' 5. H.. M$74')

1-=4 3 S./.R. =>1+ te e''et )' te )#d Set$)n > (a" g)ne

$nt) $n ")7e deta$# % t$" /)*rt. A H$nd* ($d)( #a$7ed

!art$t$)n and "e!arate !)""e""$)n )' a =826t "are $n :)$nt

'a7$# !r)!ert ($ )n"$"ted )' er *"%and+ er"e#' and

te$r t() ")n". I' a !art$t$)n (ere t) ta9e !#ae d*r$ng er

*"%and5" #$'et$7e %et(een $7"e#' and $" t() ")n"+ te ($d)(

()*#d ave g)t a 186t "are $n "* :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert. Te

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deea"ed *"%and5" 186t "are ()*#d ten dev)#ve+ *!)n $"

deat+ )n "$F "arer"+ te !#a$nt$'' and er '$ve $#dren+ ea

av$ng a 1826t "are tere$n. Add$ng 186t and 1826t+ te

!#a$nt$'' #a$7ed a =826t "are $n te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert. T$"

/)*rt e#d

CTe H$nd* S*e""$)n At a7e $nt) ')re )n 0*ne1=+ 1-,>. anda!!a av$ng d$ed a'ter te)77ene7ent )' tat At+ t) ($t $n 1->;+ and "$ne

e ad at te t$7e )' $" deat an $ntere"t $nM$ta9"ara )!arenar !r)!ert+ te !re)nd$t$)n")' Set$)n > are "at$"'$ed and tat "et$)n $""?*are# attrated. B te a!!#$at$)n )' te n)r7a#r*#e !re"r$%ed % tat "et$)n+ anda!!aJ"$ntere"t $n te )!arenar !r)!ert ()*#d dev)#ve% "*rv$v)r"$! *!)n te "*rv$v$ng 7e7%er" )' te)!arenar and n)t $n a)rdane ($t te!r)v$"$)n" )' te At. B*t+ "$ne te ($d)( andda*gter are a7)ng"t te 'e7a#e re#at$ve" "!e$'$ed

$n #a"" I )' te Sed*#e t) te At and anda!!ad$ed #eav$ng %e$nd a ($d)( and da*gter"+ te!r)v$") t) Set$)n > )7e" $nt) !#a and te n)r7a#r*#e $" eF#*ded. anda!!aJ" $ntere"t $n te)!arenar !r)!ert ()*#d tere')re dev)#ve+a)rd$ng t) te !r)v$")+ % $nte"tate "*e""$)n*nder te At and n)t % "*rv$v)r"$!. Te"ta7entar"*e""$)n $" )*t )' ?*e"t$)n a" te deea"ed adn)t 7ade a te"ta7entar d$"!)"$t$)n t)*g+ *nder

te eF!#anat$)n t) Set$)n 3; )' te At+ te $ntere"t)' a 7a#e H$nd* $n M$ta9"ara )!arenar !r)!ert$" a!a%#e )' %e$ng d$"!)"ed )' % a ($## )r )ter te"ta7entar d$"!)"$t$)n.

Tere $" t*" n) d$"!*te tat te n)r7a# r*#e!r)v$ded ')r % Set$)n > d)e" n)t a!!#+ tat te

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!r)v$") t) tat "et$)n $" attrated and tat tede$"$)n )' te a!!ea# 7*"t t*rn )n te 7ean$ng t)%e g$ven t) EF!#anat$)n 1 )' Set$)n >. Te$nter!retat$)n )' tat EF!#anat$)n $" te"*%:et7atter )' a*te )ntr)ver" %et(een te!art$e".

12. T$" /)*rt+ $n dea#$ng ($t te !r)v$") and eF!#anat$)n 1

)' Set$)n >+ e#d tat te '$t$)n reated % eF!#anat$)n 1 a"

t) %e g$ven $t" '*## e''et. Tat %e$ng te a"e+ $t (a" e#d

813. In )rder t) a"erta$n te "are )' e$r" $n te!r)!ert )' a deea"ed )!arener $t $" nee""ar$n te ver nat*re )' t$ng"+ and a" te ver '$r"t"te!+ t) a"erta$n te "are )' te deea"ed $n te)!arenar !r)!ert. @)r+ % d)$ng tat a#)ne an)ne deter7$ne te eFtent )' te #a$7antJ" "are.EF!#anat$)n 1 t) Set$)n > re")rt" t) te "$7!#eeF!ed$ent+ *nd)*%ted# '$t$)na#+ tat te $ntere"t )' a H$nd* M$ta9"ara )!arener C"a## %e dee7ed t)%e te "are $n te !r)!ert tat ()*#d ave %een

a##)tted t) $7 $' a !art$t$)n )' tat !r)!ert adta9en !#ae $77ed$ate# %e')re $" deat.


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!*r!)"e )' a"erta$n$ng te "are )' te deea"edand ten t) $gn)re $t ')r a#*#at$ng te ?*ant*7 )' te "are )' te e$r" $" tr*# t) !er7$t )neJ"$7ag$nat$)n t) %)gg#e. A## te )n"e?*ene" ($'#)( 'r)7 a rea# !art$t$)n ave t) %e #)g$a## ()r9ed)*t+ ($ 7ean" tat te "are )' te e$r" 7*"t%e a"erta$ned )n te %a"$" tat te ad "e!arated'r)7 )ne an)ter and ad ree$ved a "are $n te!art$t$)n ($ ad ta9en !#ae d*r$ng te #$'et$7e )' te deea"ed. Te a##)t7ent )' t$" "are $" n)t a!r)e""*a# "te! dev$"ed 7ere# ')r te !*r!)"e )' ()r9$ng )*t ")7e )ter )n#*"$)n. It a" t) %etreated and ae!ted a" a )nrete rea#$t+")7et$ng tat ann)t %e rea##ed :*"t a" a "are

a##)tted t) a )!arener $n an at*a# !art$t$)n ann)tgenera## %e rea##ed. Te $nev$ta%#e )r)##ar )' t$"!)"$t$)n $" tat te e$r ($## get $" )r er "are $nte $ntere"t ($ te deea"ed ad $n te)!arenar !r)!ert at te t$7e )' $" deat+ inaddition to te "are ($ e )r "e ree$ved )r 7*"t %e dee7ed t) ave ree$ved $n te n)t$)na#!art$t$)n.

13. In S$+ of M$/$%$*/%$ 5. N$%$;$( R$o S/$' R$o

D+*/'=/ $(4 O%*.) 1-,4 3 S./.R. 3,+ t$" /)*rt

d$"t$ng*$"ed te :*dg7ent $n M$74'>* a"e $n an"(er$ng a

)7!#ete# d$''erent ?*e"t$)n tat (a" ra$"ed %e')re $t. Te

?*e"t$)n ra$"ed %e')re te /)*rt $n tat a"e (a" a" t) (eter

a 'e7a#e H$nd*+ () $ner$t" a "are )' te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert

)n te deat )' er *"%and+ ea"e" t) %e a 7e7%er )' te

'a7$# terea'ter. T$" /)*rt e#d tat a" tere (a" a !art$t$)n

% )!erat$)n )' #a( )n a!!#$at$)n )' eF!#anat$)n 1 )' Set$)n

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>+ and a" "* !art$t$)n (a" n)t a v)#*ntar at % te 'e7a#e

H$nd*+ te 'e7a#e H$nd* d)e" n)t ea"e t) %e a 7e7%er )' te

:)$nt 'a7$# *!)n "* !art$t$)n %e$ng e''eted.

16. In S/;$'$ D+5& S'! $(4 O%*.

5. M$(? S/=-$ M%*! $(4 A(%.) 1--64 > S// 362+ t$" /)*rt

aga$n )n"$dered te e''et )' te !r)v$") and eF!#anat$)n 1 t)

Set$)n >+ and ')##)(ed te :*dg7ent )' t$" /)*rt $n

M$74'>* a"e "*!ra4. T$" /)*rt (ent )n t) "tate tat

eF!#anat$)n 1 )nta$n" a ')r7*#a ')r deter7$n$ng te "are )'

te deea"ed )n te date )' $" deat % te #a( e''et$ng a

!art$t$)n $77ed$ate# %e')re a 7a#e H$nd*5" deat t))9 !#ae.

1,. On a!!#$at$)n )' te !r$n$!#e" )nta$ned $n te a')re"a$d

de$"$)n"+ $t %e)7e" #ear tat+ )n te deat )' 0agannat

S$ng $n 1-=3+ te !r)v$") t) Set$)n > ()*#d a!!# $na"7*

a" 0agannat S$ng ad #e't %e$nd $" ($d)(+ () (a" a

/#a"" I 'e7a#e e$r. E?*a##+ *!)n te a!!#$at$)n )' eF!#anat$)n

1 t) te "a$d Set$)n+ a !art$t$)n 7*"t %e "a$d t) ave %een

e''eted % )!erat$)n )' #a( $77ed$ate# %e')re $" deat. T$"

%e$ng te a"e+ $t $" #ear tat te !#a$nt$'' ()*#d %e ent$t#ed t) a

"are )n t$" !art$t$)n ta9$ng !#ae $n 1-=3.


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t) (eter red$t %a#ane #e't $n te a)*nt )' te '$r7 )*#d %e

"a$d t) %e :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert a'ter te 'ater5" "are ad %een

d$"tr$%*ted a7)ng $" /#a"" I e$r" $n a)rdane ($t Set$)n

)' te At.

1=. T$" /)*rt eFa7$ned te #ega# !)"$t$)n and *#t$7ate#

a!!r)ved )' te v$e( )' 6 H$g /)*rt"+ na7e#+ A##aa%ad+

Madra"+ Mada Prade" and Andra Prade"+ ($#e "tat$ng

tat te G*:arat H$g /)*rt5" v$e( )ntrar t) te"e H$g

/)*rt"+ ()*#d n)t %e )rret $n #a(. A'ter "ett$ng )*t te var$)*"

v$e(" )' te '$ve H$g /)*rt" 7ent$)ned+ t$" /)*rt e#d

8It $" nee""ar t) %ear $n 7$nd te !rea7%#e t) teH$nd* S*e""$)n At+ 1-,>. Te !rea7%#e "tate"tat $t (a" an At t) a7end and )d$' te #a(

re#at$ng t) $nte"tate "*e""$)n a7)ng H$nd*".

In v$e( )' te !rea7%#e t) te At $.e. tat t) 7)d$'(ere nee""ar and t) )d$' te #a(+ $n )*r )!$n$)n $t $" n)t !)""$%#e (en Sed*#e $nd$ate"e$r" $n /#a"" I and )n# $n#*de" ")n and d)e" n)t$n#*de ")nJ" ")n %*t d)e" $n#*de ")n )' a!redeea"ed ")n+ t) "a tat (en ")n $ner$t" te!r)!ert $n te "$t*at$)n )nte7!#ated % Set$)n

e ta9e" $t a" 9arta )' $" )(n *nd$v$ded 'a7$#. TeG*:arat H$g /)*rtJ" v$e( n)ted a%)ve+ $' ae!ted+()*#d 7ean tat t)*g te ")n )' a !redeea"ed")n and n)t te ")n )' a ")n () $" $ntended t) eeF#*ded *nder Set$)n t) $ner$t+ te #atter ()*#d% a!!#$ng te )#d H$nd* #a( get a r$gt % %$rt )' te "a$d !r)!ert )ntrar t) te "e7e )*t#$ned $n

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Set$)n . @*rter7)re a" n)ted % te AndraPrade" H$g /)*rt tat te At 7a9e" $t #ear %Set$)n 6 tat )ne ")*#d #))9 t) te At $n a"e )' d)*%t and n)t t) te !reeF$"t$ng H$nd* #a(. It ()*#d%e d$''$*#t t) )#d t)da te !r)!ert ($dev)#ved )n a H$nd* *nder Set$)n )' te H$nd*S*e""$)n At ()*#d %e HU@ $n $" and v$"Kv$"$" )(n ")n tat ()*#d a7)*nt t) reat$ng t()#a""e" a7)ng te e$r" 7ent$)ned $n /#a"" I+ te7a#e e$r" $n ()"e and" $t ($## %e :)$nt H$nd*'a7$# !r)!ert and v$"Kv$" ")n and 'e7a#e e$r"($t re"!et t) ()7 n) "* )ne!t )*#d %ea!!#$ed )r )nte7!#ated. It 7a %e 7ent$)ned tate$r" $n /#a"" I )' Sed*#e *nder Set$)n )' te

At $n#*ded ($d)(+ 7)ter+ da*gter )' !redeea"ed ")n et.

Be')re (e )n#*de (e 7a "tate tat (e aven)ted te )%"ervat$)n" )' '&lla(s Co$$entar) onHind& Law + 1,t Edn. dea#$ng ($t Set$)n > )' teH$nd* S*e""$)n At at !!. -262> a" (e## a"ManeJ" )n Hind& Law + 12t Edn.+ !!. -11-.

Te eF!re"" ()rd" )' Set$)n )' te H$nd*S*e""$)n At+ 1-,> ann)t %e $gn)red and 7*"t!reva$#. Te !rea7%#e t) te At re$terate" tat te

At $"+ $nter a#$a+ t) Ca7end te #a(+ ($t tat%a9gr)*nd te eF!re"" #ang*age ($ eF#*de"")nJ" ")n %*t $n#*de" ")n )' a !redeea"ed ")nann)t %e $gn)red.

In te a')re"a$d #$gt te v$e(" eF!re""ed % te A##aa%ad H$g /)*rt+ te Madra" H$g /)*rt+ te

Mada Prade" H$g /)*rt+ and te AndraPrade" H$g /)*rt+ a!!ear t) *" t) %e )rret.


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1. In @4/&*/+% 5. A*/o= '$%) 1-=4 1 S// 2;6 at

!age 21;+ t$" /)*rt ')##)(ed te #a( #a$d d)(n $n /ander

Sen5" a"e.

1-. In B/$($% S&(7/ 5. P%$() 2;;4 3 S// =+ t$" /)*rt

')##)(ed /ander Sen5" a"e and te var$)*" :*dg7ent"

')##)($ng /ander Sen5" a"e. T$" /)*rt e#d

8Te At %r)*gt a%)*t a "ea ange $n te 7atter

)' $ner$tane and "*e""$)n a7)ng"t H$nd*".Set$)n 6 )' te At )nta$n" a n)n )%"tante!r)v$"$)n $n ter7" (ere)' an teFt+ r*#e )r $nter!retat$)n )' H$nd* La( )r an *"t)7 )r *"agea" !art )' tat #a( $n ')re $77ed$ate# %e')re te)77ene7ent )' te At+ ea"ed t) ave e''et($t re"!et t) an 7atter ')r ($ !r)v$"$)n $"7ade tere$n "ave a" )ter($"e eF!re""# !r)v$ded.

Set$)n > )' te At+ a" $t "t))d at te re#evant t$7e+

!r)v$ded ')r dev)#*t$)n )' $ntere"t $n te)!arenar !r)!ert. Set$)n #a" d)(n tegenera# r*#e" )' "*e""$)n tat te !r)!ert )' a7a#e d$ng $nte"tate dev)#ve" a)rd$ng t) te!r)v$"$)n" )' te /a!ter a" "!e$'$ed $n /#a*"e 14)' te Sed*#e. In te Sed*#e a!!ended t) te

At+ nat*ra# ")n" and da*gter" are !#aed a"/#a"" I e$r" %*t a grand")n+ ") #)ng a" 'ater $"a#$ve+ a" n)t %een $n#*ded. Set$)n 1- )' te At

!r)v$de" tat $n te event )' "*e""$)n % t() )r 7)re e$r"+ te ($## ta9e te !r)!ert !er a!$taand n)t !er "t$r!e"+ a" a#") tenant"$n)77)n andn)t a" :)$nt tenant".

Ind$"!*ta%#+ B$7a #e't %e$nd Sant Ra7 and treeda*gter". In ter7" )' Set$)n )' te At+

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tere')re+ te !r)!ert$e" )' B$7a dev)#ved *!)nSant Ra7 and $" tree "$"ter". Ea ad 186t"are $n te !r)!ert. A!art 'r)7 te #ega# !)"$t$)n+'at*a## te "a7e (a" a#") re'#eted $n tere)rd)'r$gt". A !art$t$)n ad ta9en !#aea7)ng"t te e$r" )' B$7a.

A#t)*g te #earned '$r"t a!!e##ate )*rt !r)eededt) )n"$der te e''et )' Set$)n > )' te At+ $n )*r )!$n$)n+ te "a7e (a" n)t a!!#$a%#e $n te 'at"and $r*7"tane" )' te a"e. In an event+ $t adr$gt# %een e#d tat even $n "* a a"e+ av$ngregard t) Set$)n a" a#") Set$)n 1- )' te At+te !r)!ert$e" ea"ed t) %e :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert and

a## te e$r" and #ega# re!re"entat$ve" )' B$7a()*#d "*eed t) $" $ntere"t a" tenant"$n)77)nand n)t a" :)$nt tenant". In a a"e )' t$" nat*re+ te

:)$nt )!arenar d$d n)t )nt$n*e. at !ara" 121,4

2;. S)7e )ter :*dg7ent" (ere $ted %e')re *" ')r te

!r)!)"$t$)n tat :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert )nt$n*e" a" "* even

($t a ")#e "*rv$v$ng )!arener+ and $' a ")n $" %)rn t) "*

)!arener terea'ter+ te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert )nt$n*e" a"

"*+ tere %e$ng n) $at*" 7ere# % v$rt*e )' te 'at tere $"

a ")#e "*rv$v$ng )!arener. D/$%'$ S/$'%$o A7$-$+ 5.

P$(4%$(7 M&%$7 A7$-$+ 1-4 2 S// 12>+ S/++-$ D+5&

5. L$- C/$(4+ 2;;>4 S// ,1+ and Ro/& C/$/$( 5.

S%&(4+% S&(7/ 2;134 - S// 61-+ (ere $ted ')r t$" !*r!)"e.

N)ne )' te"e :*dg7ent" ()*#d ta9e te a!!e##ant an '*rter

$n v$e( )' te 'at tat $n n)ne )' te7 $" tere an )n"$derat$)n

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)' te e''et )' Set$)n" 6+ and 1- )' te H$nd* S*e""$)n At.

Te #a(+ tere')re+ $n")'ar a" $t a!!#$e" t) :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert

g)verned % te M$ta9"ara S))#+ !r$)r t) te a7end7ent )'

2;;,+ )*#d tere')re %e "*77ar$ed a" ')##)("$4


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$v4 In )rder t) deter7$ne te "are )' te H$nd* 7a#e

)!arener () $" g)verned % Set$)n > !r)v$")+ a !art$t$)n $"

e''eted % )!erat$)n )' #a( $77ed$ate# %e')re $" deat. In

t$" !art$t$)n+ a## te )!arener" and te 7a#e H$nd*5" ($d)(

get a "are $n te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert.v4 On te a!!#$at$)n )' Set$)n )' te At+ e$ter %

rea")n )' te deat )' a 7a#e H$nd* #eav$ng "e#'a?*$red

!r)!ert )r % te a!!#$at$)n )' Set$)n > !r)v$")+ "*

!r)!ert ()*#d dev)#ve )n# % $nte"ta and n)t "*rv$v)r"$!.v$4 On a )n:)$nt read$ng )' Set$)n" 6+ and 1- )' te At+

a'ter :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert a" %een d$"tr$%*ted $n a)rdane

($t "et$)n )n !r$n$!#e" )' $nte"ta+ te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert

ea"e" t) %e :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert $n te and" )' te var$)*"

!er")n" () ave "*eeded t) $t a" te )#d te !r)!ert a"

tenant" $n )77)n and n)t a" :)$nt tenant".

21. A!!#$ng te #a( t) te 'at" )' t$" a"e+ $t $" #ear tat )n

te deat )' 0agannat S$ng $n 1-=3+ te :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert

($ (a" ane"tra# !r)!ert $n te and" )' 0agannat S$ng

and te )ter )!arener"+ dev)#ved % "*e""$)n *nder

Set$)n )' te At. T$" %e$ng te a"e+ te ane"tra#

!r)!ert ea"ed t) %e :)$nt 'a7$# !r)!ert )n te date )' deat

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)' 0agannat S$ng+ and te )ter )!arener" and $" ($d)(

e#d te !r)!ert a" tenant" $n )77)n and n)t a" :)$nt

tenant". T$" %e$ng te a"e+ )n te date )' te %$rt )' te

a!!e##ant $n 1-== te "a$d ane"tra# !r)!ert+ n)t %e$ng :)$nt

'a7$# !r)!ert+ te "*$t ')r !art$t$)n )' "* !r)!ert ()*#d n)t

%e 7a$nta$na%#e. Te a!!ea# $" )n"e?*ent# d$"7$""ed ($t n)

)rder a" t) )"t".

J.%&$( Jo*+/!

J.R.F. N$%&'$(!

N+ D+-/&M$%9/ 2) 2016.

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SC on Concepts of Ancestral Property