SC LW2 ChargingBlastholes.pdf

LW2LEARNER WORKBOOK 2

SITES OTHER THAN UNDERGROUND COAL MINES

CHARGINGBLASTHOLES

2 | LW2 V1 2009 © Department of Education and Training | www.skillsonline.net.au

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ACknOwledGemenT

This work has been produced initially with the assistance of funding provided by the NSW Department of Education and Training, Industry Programs, through the Industry and Enterprise Skills Program with advice from the Project Steering Committee.

These resources have been developed by SkillsDMC in conjunction with industry stakeholders. SkillsDMC wish to thank Graham Terrey and TAFE NSW for their work on this project.

dIsClAImeR

The views expressed in this work do not necessarily represent the views of the NSW Department of Education and Training. The NSW Department of Education and Training do not give warranty or accept any liability in relation to the content of this work.

PROJeCT TeAm

NSW DET would like to acknowledge the valuable contribution of the many people who generously gave of their time and ideas and contributed to the development of these resources by providing information, an industry perspective and review of the project materials.

nAme ORGAnIsATIOn Allan Shoesmith Centennial Coal Bill Brooks WorkCover NSW Bruce McGeachie Xstrata Coal Cherie Chen DET NSW Claire Cappe DET NSW Craig Parker Pybar David Barker WorkCover Graham Cowan NSW DPI Graham Hogg Downer EDI Lawrence Buswell Barrick Gold Leanne Parker Hanson Lorenzo Laguna Rio Tinto, Northparkes Mihai Leonte NSW DPI Michael Creese Newcrest, Cadia Valley Operations

develOPed BY: Graham Terrey Mine Resilience Australia

develOPeR TeAm: Danny Duke Duke Consulting 2nd Project Coordinator David Chapman TAFE NSW Dorothy Rao SkillsDMC Giselle Mawer Giselle Mawer & Associates Robin Bishop Robin Bishop & Associates 1st Project Coordinator

FuRTHeR COPIes OF THIs ResOuRCe ARe AvAIlABle FROm

Website: www.skillsonline.net.au

For further information contact: Email: [email protected]

Or visit SkillsDMC on: http://www.skillsdmc.com.au/

Shotfiring Course | Learners Workbook 2: Charging Blastholes - Sites other than Underground Coal Mines LW2 | 3

Candidate’s details Name:

Employer:

Position:

Course:

Start Date:

Location:

Signature:

Date:

mAnAGeR / suPeRvIsOR endORsemenT

Name:

Signature:

Date:

Comments:

COACH, TRAIneR deTAIls

Name:

Contact details:

AssessOR deTAIls

Name:

Contact details


Contents

wHAT Is THIs leARneR wORkBOOk & ReCORd BOOk FOR? 6

WORKBOOK 6

RECORD BOOK 7

PEOPLE WHO CAN HELP 7

Industry Trainer 7

Workplace Assessor 7

Fellow workers 7

Other students/trainees 7

CHARGInG BlAsTHOles 8

WELCOME 8

Topics covered in each of the modules 8

ASSESSMENT 9

Conduct of Assessment 9

Successful completion of the unit 9

RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL) 10

2.0 selF-AssessmenT CHeCklIsT: CHARGInG BlAsTHOles 11

2.1 RevIew QuesTIOns: PRePARe FOR CHARGInG 18

LEARNING & ASSESSMENT TASK 2.1A – CHARGING PROCEDURE 25

LEARNING & ASSESSMENT TASK 2.1B –INSPECTING THE BLAST AREA 28

2.2 RevIew QuesTIOns: mIX / mAnuFACTuRe eXPlOsIves 32

LEARNING & ASSESSMENT TASK 2.2A - MIXING ANFO 34

LEARNING & ASSESSMENT TASK 2.2B – CHECKING EQUIPMENT 36

2.3 RevIew QuesTIOns: PRIme BlAsTHOles 40

LEARNING & ASSESSMENT TASK 2.3 - PRIMING BLASTHOLES 42

2.4 RevIew QuesTIOns: lOAd THe mAIn CHARGe 46

LEARNING & ASSESSMENT TASK 2.4 – LOADING & DIPPING THE MAIN CHARGE 50


2.5 RevIew QuesTIOns: CleAn-uP, RePORT sITe & leGIslATIve ReQuIRemenTs 52

LEARNING & ASSESSMENT TASK 2.5 – REPORTING / RECORDING 54

ReCORd OF leARnInG 57

EVIDENCE GATHERED DURING OFF-THE-JOB TRAINING. 57

EVIDENCE GATHERED DURING ON-THE-JOB TRAINING. 57

WHAT HAVE YOU DONE REGARDING STORAGE, HANDLING AND TRANSPORT OF EXPLOSIVES FOR ITEMS IN THE TABLE BELOW? 58

THIRd PARTY PRACTICAl veRIFICATIOn RePORT: mOdule 2 CHARGInG BlAsTHOles 67


WHat is tHis leaRneR WoRKBooK & ReCoRd BooK FoR?

This workbook does not cover underground coal mines, for which a similar Workbook has been developed. The two Workbooks – one for underground coal mines, and the other for all other sites – are deliberately similar and have subtle differences. The principles involved are the same for all shotfiring, but the precautions are stricter for underground coal mines so the practices differ and are constrained in some areas. The Learner Resources are slightly slimmer as a result. The Workbooks are not much slimmer and will look the same, though there are word and term changes, and subtle differences in focus. However, for key principle and for career progression reasons, the Learner Resources and Workbooks are kept in parallel – so that a person can move from underground coal mines to other sites, or the other way around, and take advantage of the progress they have already made.

The delivery of all four Modules in the Shotfiring course involves workshops, demonstrations and workplace practice. Each Learner Workbook helps you to work through the Learner Resource and complete the assessment tasks. It can also help you to:

• planyourstudy

• buildyourskillasalearner

• planwaystoapplyandpractisewhatyou learn (‘use it, or lose it’).

Your workplace trainer will guide you through the material and some of the activities, and will help you develop a learning approach to ensure you can apply your learning.

This Workbook and Record Book helps a Trainer and an Assessor to develop and assess your required knowledge and skill.

WoRKBooK Throughout this Workbook there are Review Questions that will test your knowledge of the subject. There are also some Learning and Assessment Tasks through the book that help develop your knowledge and skills. Early on in this book you will find a self-assessment checklist to help you and your Trainer to determine the areas that you will need to develop further.


ReCoRd BooKAt the back of this book there is a section for you to fulfil and record your on- and off-the-job experience.

PeoPle WHo Can HelPYou should not feel that you are alone when you study. There are many people who can help you and also enhance the quality of your learning experience. How you study this unit will determine who will be able to assist you.

IndusTRY TRAIneR

If you study this unit on-site you will have a Trainer who will either teach the unit in a face-to-face situation or guide you through the unit if you are doing it self-paced. Your Trainer can answer any questions and give you advice about:

• whereyoucanfindinformation

• safetyissuesinvolvedinperformingactivities

• wheretofindequipmentandanyothermaterialsrequired for performing activities, and

• performancestandardstobeachievedwhen performing activities.

wORkPlACe AssessOR

If you study this unit through an external training organisation you may be required to be assessed on-site by a workplace assessor. The workplace assessor can give you advice about:

• how,whereandwhenyouwillbeassessed

• assessmenttasks,and

• assessmentstandards.

You will also get feedback from the assessor about your performance.

FellOw wORkeRs

If you are studying this unit on-site you will be able to obtain assistance from those around you. They can advise on a wide range of issues including:

• currentpracticesandprocedures

• whereyoucanfindinformationthat will assist your studies

• themeaningofwordsusedintheunit,and

• industryexamplesthatwillhelpyouto understand basic principles.

OTHeR sTudenTs/TRAInees

If you are studying this unit on-site or at an external training organisation you will have other students/trainees to help you. Other student/trainees will have different work experiences and can help with many things including:

• studygroupswhereyoucandiscusstheknowledgeand skills required to achieve competency

• one-to-onequestionandanswersessionstohelpwith your mastery of the contents of the unit, and

• emotionalsupportifyouarehavingdifficulties with your studies.

Here are some simple tips for saving time, getting the results you want, and making the most of your learning. Try using the checklist to assess yourself as an effective learner at different times during the course.

Learning Tips

1. Clarify course requirements and training times at the beginning2. Set date targets to finish the assessment tasks3. Look through all the materials to get the big picture first4. Make it your course, not what someone is

telling you to do (even if they are)5. Use and build on the experience and skills you already have6. Ask questions when you need to clarify any point7. Make sure you complete/participate in the activities8. Review each section as you go – how does

the learning relate to your job9. Talk about what you are learning with

others (colleagues, friends)10. Use what you learn in the workplace while it’s fresh11. Look for specific, practical ways to use

your learning beyond the course.


CHaRGinG BlastHoles

WelCoMeWelcome to Module 2 Charging Blastholes of the Shotfiring Course. The Shotfiring Course has been structured as a series of four modules each with a Learner Resource and Learner Workbook. The four modules are:

1. Storing, Handling, and Transporting Explosives

2. Charging Blast Holes

3. Firing Shots

4. Blast Planning and Reporting

This structure allows flexibility in the delivery of the training to accommodate differing roles, responsibilities and requirements of personnel involved in shotfiring.

TOPICs COveRed In eACH OF THe mOdules

mOdule 1

Storing, Handling, & Transporting Explosives

1. Identify explosives & associated hazards and comply with Acts, Regulations, Standards and Codes by implementing risk management & procedures

2. Access & maintain storage and security of explosives

3. Transport explosives including defective explosives & emergency plans & response

mOdule 2

Charging Blast Holes

1. Prepare for charging, including safety requirements and checking blast area and blastholes

2. Mix / manufacture explosives, and checking of equipment

3. Prime blastholes

4. Load explosives

5. Clean-up & Report


mOdule 3

Firing Shots

1. Hook up and test

2. Clear/isolate the area affected by the blast

3. Fire the shot

4. Conduct post-blast checks

5. Report

6. Return surplus explosives

7. Handle misfires

mOdule 4

Blast Planning & Reporting

1. Design / survey blasts

2. Calculate quantities of explosives required

3. Identify the Maximum Instantaneous Charge

4. Monitor environmental impacts

5. Reduce blast impacts

6. Dispose of explosives

7. Report

The four modules follow a learning sequence to progressively gain the skills necessary for a shotfirer. After successfully learning the Learner Resource and completing related activities in this Learner Workbook you should be able to complete the assessment tasks in charging blastholes with explosives and meet the requirements for the relevant units of competency.

assessMentAssessment will be against the shotfiring units of competency in the following Training Packages:

1. MNQ03 Extractive Industries Training Package

2. MNC04 Coal Training Package

3. MNM05 Metalliferous Mining Training Package

4. RII06 Civil Construction Training Package

5. DRT03 Drilling Training Package

The assessment tasks for Charging Blastholes are designed to meet the outcomes of the following relevant units of competency. They are:

1. RIIBLA201 Support Surface Shotfiring Operations

2. RIIBLA301 Conduct Surface Shotfiring Operations

3. RIIBLA303 Conduct Underground Development Shotfiring

4. RIIBLA304 Conduct Underground Production Shotfiring

(Previously covering

1. MNCO1041A Support Shotfiring Operations

2. MNMG313A Charge Blastholes

3. MNMG352A Apply Blasting Activities

4. MNMG353A Fire Surface Shots

5. MNCO1040A Conduct Shotfiring Operations

6. MNQOPS413A Conduct Shotfiring

7. MNCU1048A Conduct Shotfiring

8. MNCU1049A Support shotfiring operations

9. MNMG323A Charge Development Blastholes

10. MNMG321A Charge Production Blastholes)

This is further detailed in another book called the Learner’s Guide.

COnduCT OF AssessmenT

Your trainer and/or assessor will confirm with you the assessment process and your readiness for assessment. A range of evidence will be gathered for the assessment including written and/or verbal questions, observation and third party reports, such as from your supervisor, of you applying your knowledge. Assessment tasks are provided in this Learner Workbook.

suCCessFul COmPleTIOn OF THe unIT

When you have finished working through this module and the related activities you will need to demonstrate that you can perform the assessment tasks and meet the requirements of the units of competency. Assessment of this module consists of a practical demonstration of the required skills and answers to written/oral knowledge questions.


The practical tasks will be similar to the activities that are included in this Learner Workbook. That is why you will need to ensure you can perform the activities in this Workbook satisfactorily. You must practice the activities until you feel satisfied that you can perform them to the required standard. The activities in this Learner Workbook prepare you for assessment.

When you are satisfied that you can achieve competency in this module you should ask to be assessed. Successfully completing the assessment demonstrates that you have achieved the module of competency outcomes. If you are unable to provide evidence that you can apply your learning in a workplace or in a simulated situation, you can ask your trainer for a statement regarding your learning that you can use later as evidencetowards achieving competency when you are assessed in the workplace or in a simulated situation for your Unit.

ReCoGnition oF PRioR leaRninG (RPl)Recognition of Prior Learning is the recognition of competencies you currently hold. In order to grant RPL your assessor must be confident that you are currently competent against the endorsed competency standards. You can use the Self Assessment Checklist at the beginning of the Learner Workbook to assess your knowledge and skill in charging blastholes with explosives. If you are confident you can demonstrate competence discuss the opportunity for RPL with your trainer/assessor.


2.0selF-assessMent CHeCKlist: CHaRGinG BlastHoles

Write / Draw

Before commencing your learning you might like to use this self-assessment checklist to review your knowledge and skills in critical items of evidence. You can also use the checklist to see if you:

a. have the knowledge and skills to apply for RPL

b. are ready for assessment at the completion of the module

c. wish to identify particular areas in which you’d like to concentrate in your further development.

Please place a tick ( 3 ) or cross ( 5 ) in the boxes as applicable in the areas listed below.


(Your) Name

The following are my views of my knowledge and experience against a compilation of elements & performance criteria from the following competencies:

1. RIIBLA201 Support Surface Shotfiring Operations2. RIIBLA301 Conduct Surface Shotfiring Operations3. RIIBLA303 Conduct Underground Development Shotfiring4. RIIBLA304 Conduct Underground Production Shotfiring

Note: these Units replace Competency Units:MNCO1041A Support Shotfiring Operations MNMG313A Charge Blastholes MNMG352A Apply Blasting Activities MNMG353A Fire Surface Shots MNCO1040A Conduct Shotfiring Operations MNQOPS413A Conduct Shotfiring MNCU1048A Conduct Shotfiring MNCU1049A Support shotfiring operations MNMG323A Charge Development Blastholes MNMG321A Charge Production Blastholes

elements and Performance Criteria

I can show that I have the required knowledge and can:

Comp unit Ref

Yes /no

I need further development and / or experience in

1 Prepare for charging 1(1) 2(1)

3(1)

4(1)

a. Receive blasthole charging briefings, andi. Access, interpret and apply

safety informationii. Access and apply proceduresiii. Conduct a preliminary site

inspection as necessaryiv. Obtain, interpret, clarify and confirm

charging requirements from the shotfirer for the charging work

1(1.1) 2(1.1)

3(1.1)

4(1.1)

1(1.2)

3(1.3)

4(1.3)

1(1.3)

2(1.3)

2(1.1)

2(1.2)

b. Identify potential hazards relating to• thechargingplan• chargingprocedures• theworkingenvironment• chargingequipment&materials• people

1(1.1)

2(1.5)

3(1.2)

4(1.2)

c. Conduct a risk assessment of those hazards

1(1.5)

3(3.4)

d. Recognise hazardous situations andi. Prepare to respond to

emergency situations

2(3.1)


Name of person being assessed


I can state that the person being assessed can:

Comp unit Ref

Yes / no


e. Access charging procedures and i. Work in accordance with

site procedures andii. Follow manufacturers instructions

1(1.5)

1(1.6)

f. Access geological, blasthole survey and weather information and i. Interpret these in relation to chargingii. Recognise key issues of • geologicalstructures• blastholeandblastarea

measurements• weatherconditionsthatmight

cause a problem while charging

1(1.2)

2(1.3)

1(1.2)

2(1.4)

g. Identify quantities and types of explosives and associated materials / equipment for different blasthole charging applications

2(1.6)

3(1.4, 1.5)

4(1.4, 1.5)

h. Coordinate blasthole charging support requirements includingi. Mix / manufacture explosive supplies • andequipmentchecksii. Site notificationiii. Coordinate with others

working in areas that might be affected by charging

iv. Comply with legal obligationsv. Resolve issues with coordination

of activities affected by charging

1(1.4)

2 (2.1 – 2.5)

4(1.6)

1(1.7)

2(1.8)

3(1.6)

i. Collect and transport explosives and accessories to the blast site in accordance with• Siteproceduresand• Legalobligations

1(2.1)

2(3.3)

j. Establish the blast area andi. Erect signs / barricades

as appropriateii. Establish a suitable exclusion zone

1(2.4)

2(3.2)

3(1.7, 3.2)

4(3.2)

k. Complete the check of the blast sitei. Check the survey and measurementsii. Check blastholesiii. Clear blastholes

2(3.4)

3(3.1, 3.3, 3.6)

4(3.1, 3.3, 3.5)





Comp unit Ref

Yes / no


2 mix & manufacture explosives 1(2.2)

a. Mix or manufacture explosives as requiredi. Implement procedures for

mixing / manufacturing• fortherangeofproductsrequiredii. Identify hazards and assessing risks

in the mixing / manufacturing areaiii. Check mixing / manufacturing

vehicles or equipmentiv. Check people involved, affected or at

risk from the mixing / manufacturing

b. Deliver or have delivered the explosives to the blast area and blastholes

1(2.3)

c. Calibrate the mixed or manufactured product

d. Maintain the mixing / manufacturing equipment

e. Prepare the necessary reports of the mixed / manufactured products

3 Prime blastholes

a. Identify priming options and i. Select the best option• forarangeofblasthole

charging situations





Comp unit Ref

Yes / no


b. Make up primers in accordance with procedures

3(4.1)

4(4.1)

c. Place primers correctly into blastholes• forsingleprimedblastholes• fordoubleormultiple

primed blastholes• securetheprimerwhile

loading the main charge

2(4.2)

4 load the main charge of explosives 1(2.5)

a. Charge blastholes safelyi. Be a part of the shot teamii. Check that signs such as ‘charging in

progress’ had been erected / installed in accordance with procedures

iii. After checks of the charging area, • Securethesitefrom

unauthorised entry • Implementsafetyproceduressuchas

safety harnesses etc when working in places where falls could occur

iv. After conducting pre-start checks on equipment and materials

• Determinetheequipment/materialserviceability for the task, or

• Reporttheequipmentforrepairsby an authorised repair person

2(4.2)

3(4.2)

4(4.2)

2(4.3)

3(3.5)

4(3.4)

b. Stem the blastholes as required by proceduresi. Stem whenever necessaryii. Establish stemming

material stockpilesiii. Select correct stemming materialsiv. Wait until the explosive

column has settledv. Stem properlyvi. Secure the line to the primer

2(4.4)

4(4.3)

2(3.5)





Comp unit Ref

Yes / no


c. Test i. Charging equipment and accessoriesii. Detonatorsiii. Firing lines

2(4.5)

3(4.6)

4(4.6)

d. Carry out required maintenance of charging equipment and accessories

e. Notify relevant people that the shot is ready for connection

5 Clean up & report site and legislative requirements

1(2.6)

a. Prepare shot for initiation

b. Carry out blast area clean-up

c. Prepare reports as required by

• siteprocedures

• legislativerequirements

2(4.6)

3(4.7)

4(4.7)


tHe Use oF iConsThe icons used throughout the Learner Workbook are:

Write / Draw

Write or draw answers in the spaces provided in this Learner’s Workbook.

Read

Read as directed.

Technical Information

Refer to technical information. For the most part this will be an accompanying Learner Resource, but may also include relevant standards and site information.

Video / Multimedia

Watch a video or other multimedia resource

Activity

These activities require you to locate and use training resources.

Danger

The activities are potentially dangerous.

Safety

You must follow safety procedures or wear protective equipment


2.1ReVieW QUestions: PRePaRe FoR CHaRGinG

Write / Draw

The following questions will provide you with an opportunity to see how much you know about the contents of this section.


1. What are key hazards you face when charging blastholes with explosives at your site? (List at least six key hazards under each the four headings below)

Procedural hazards

Working environment hazards

Equipment & materials hazards


People hazards

b. List at least ten steps in charging blastholes.


c. What sorts of things are included in a blast design / plan (outline at least four of those things especially relating to charging of blastholes)?

d. What safety considerations are there in mixing explosives (remembering that an explosive is a chemical compound that, when ignited, and because it has its own in-built source of oxygen, converts rapidly to gases)?


e. List at least ten things that might cause an emergency to arise.

f. What steps do you take to coordinate charging activities with others who may be in the area or who may wander innocently into the charging area?


g. List (at least eight) actions in checking the blast area and blastholes.

h. Describe at least four key precautions that you take when you store explosives on the job.


i. How do you prevent a premature initiation with signal tube initiators?


leaRninG & assessMent tasK 2.1a – CHaRGinG PRoCedURe

Assessment

Obtain a copy of your site’s charging procedures, or review the sample procedure below. As part of this Task you will have to adapt the sample to your site / scope.

This task gets you to access your site procedures, look at one for charging holes and think about any differences between yours, the information in Learner Resource 2 Charging Blastholes and the sample procedure contained below.

Discuss your procedure or the sample with your shotfirer, supervisor, Trainer or manager so that you understand the aim of the procedure, responsibilities, why each precaution must be taken, by whom and when, and how improvements are made.


You will need to look at your site procedures for charging, or the sample below, as well as the information in Learner Resource 2 Charging Blastholes.

Write / Draw

Revise your site’s procedure or the sample procedure, and discuss your review with the shotfirer before discussing your review with your supervisor. Make notes on the copy of your site procedure or on the sample procedure.

Safety

The activities will require you to move around the mine/quarry site and you must follow safety procedures and wear personal protective equipment.

SWP / SOP # - SAMPLE CHARGING PROCEDURE (adapt to your site/scope)

1. SAFE CHARGING PROCEDURE FOR

(Scope - you may need to specify what type of charging this procedure applies to eg normal production, pre-splitting, secondary breaking etc)

1.1 Aim / Intent / Policy / Purpose of the SWP / SOP

To allow charging of blastholes in a safe, efficient and effective manner; avoiding serious injury or death or health issue relating to dust, fumes or smoke, environmental damage, damage to site equipment, loss of production.

1.2 Definitions

(add any specific terminology required for the scope or for your site – see for example the Glossary in your Learners Resource)

1.3 Verification and Auditing Guidelines

The verification that requirements of this procedure have been carried out will be evidenced by: (insert the name of a person or the position of that person who will check that the procedure is being followed, eg the shotfirer’s supervisor or a person qualified in blasting)


1.4 Responsibilities

Site Manager (or delegate): approves the procedure and ensures/checks that it is being followed. Provides adequate resources, communication processes & facilities. Supervises blast plan. Hands over control to shotfirer at time of firing.

safety manager: reviews the procedure in light of reviews, incidents, investigation findings, safety alerts, information from manufacturers/suppliers, or expressions of concerns by anyone. Supports the shotfirer with additional information as required.

shotfirer: supervises shot crew, including any security requirements, and controls firing. Reviews the procedure whenever there is a significant change in location or task; in the event of one change, the shotfirer will conduct an informal risk assessment/JSA with the shot crew. In the event that there are two changes, the shotfirer will undertake a formal risk assessment involving the shot crew and others involved in the changes.

shot crew & employees: stay alert to hazards, follow instructions, procedures and implement risk controls, take part in risk assessments / JSAs, and express concerns in the appropriate manner in support of the aim/intent/policy/purpose.

1.5 Employee Information and Training

Access at any time to SWP / SOP. Training in blasting / charging procedures and involvement in their review. Involvement in risk assessments. Information, instruction and supervision by shotfirer.

1.6 Forms / Supporting Documents / Related Documents

Risk assessment / JSA forms – informal and formal. (Note: informal risk assessments may have a particular name such as Take 5, etc.)

Workplace inspection checklists. (Note: these may also include pre-start checks for equipment.)

Audit / verification forms.

(does you site have other forms relating to charging activities?)

1.7 Procedure

1. Verify blast plan for the shot and proposed time of firing, checking also the weather conditions during charging and at the time of the blast

2. Notify others of the charging and firing activities and set exclusion zones

3. Conduct an inspection of the face, blast area, blastholes and other work in the vicinity – this check covers many things such as geological features in the face, back-break, muckpile profile and fragmentation, firing position, as well as protecting other holes not being charged

4. Organise explosives, equipment, people and coordinate activities

5. Review emergency procedures

6. Review likely environmental impacts such as airblast overpressure and ground vibration limits

7. Check equipment, blasting accessories and calibration of mixes where appropriate (mainly for mobile mixing units)


8. Review correct amounts and storage of explosives on-the-job

9. Check crew knowledge, experience and understanding of the job, as well as any precautions especially no smoking

10. Confirm site clearance, sentry arrangements and firing responsibilities

11. Prepare all primers with appropriate delays and lower primers into holes, securing downline or lead wires at collar

12. Fill each blasthole with correct amount of explosive

13. Measure height of explosive in the hole to ensure correct amount of stemming

14. Fill the hole with correct type and amount of stemming

15. Connect the initiation

16. Proceed with firing procedure and get clearances prior to firing

17. Follow the post-blast procedure and report

Procedure Review Process

This procedure is to be reviewed whenever any incident, alert or other information suggests a review. It should also be reviewed when a new shotfirer is appointed. In any event this procedure should be reviewed no later than every three years.

Revisions

Rev # date description By Checked Approved

By signed


leaRninG & assessMent tasK 2.1B –CHeCKinG tHe Blast aRea and BlastHoles

Activity

Conduct a Workplace Inspection of a shot being charged, or about to be charged. Use a workplace inspection checklist from your site or use the sample below.

A ‘workplace inspection’ is a bit like a pre-start check that looks a bit wider than just at a vehicle in the case of a vehicle pre-start. A check of the blast location, and anything that will be affected by the blast is needed. Most shotfirers and operation managers do this automatically, and would not be able to describe all the checks in any particular order, so you may not be able to locate a Workplace Inspection Checklist for this activity (see the sample included in your Workbook). A workplace inspection is a structured look at work being done in a particular area and is a way of looking at what should be there, not just what is there. It is a way to find out what might be improved, not a way to trap people, so look beyond the obvious and record positive items as well (make a note of good things being done that are not included in the checklist). Ask ‘why’ if you see something (including anything in the sample below) that appears odd or wrong and add comments in the right-hand column.


You will need to look at:

1. Your site procedures for Workplace Inspections, and locate any particular checklists for blasting; or the,

2. Suggested checklist as shown below.

You might also discuss ‘workplace inspections’ with your Trainer

Write / Draw

Write your observation and comments in the spaces provided in the checklist; the space provided indicates that you don’t have to write copious amounts of information. However, if there is insufficient space use an extra sheet of paper.

Safety

The activities will require you to move around the mine site and you must follow safety procedures and wear personal protective equipment.


Sample - WORKPLACE INSPECTION CHECKLIST FOR CHARGING BLASTHOLES

mine / Quarry / site being Inspected: date of Inspection

Persons inspecting:

legend – record in “ResulTs” column 3 = Standard met

5 = action required

N/A = Not applicable to this site

Item Observation Result Comments/Actions

1.0 PRePARInG TO CHARGe BlAsTHOles

1.1 sHOTFIReR

Confirm person in charge.

Able to supervise others handling explosives (from a security perspective).

In possession of blast plan, showing

• amountsofexplosiverequiredforeachblasthole or for the average blasthole

• delaysforeachblastholeorfortheoverallpattern

1.2 eXPlOsIves

Collected from storage by person with UHL, and who knew what to collect and in the correct amounts.

Transported safely and separately.

Stored on-the-job safely and separately.

Blasting initiators & accessories ready & checked

• shock/signaltube,wires,• exploder(Shotfirerhascontrolofexploderduringcharging)

1.3 BlAsTInG sIGns

Erected where necessary (only needed if someone could stray into the area - depends on nature of site operations).

Sirens available when firing.

Procedure for checking site prior to firing.

Sentries available to block access to exclusion area when firing.

1.4 OTHeR PeOPle / wORk BeInG dOne neARBY

Do these people know that holes are being charged?

Unauthorised people and traffic controlled.

Clearing of equipment from area prior to hook-up.

No hot work / fire potential within 10m and that work being done with suitable fire control at the ready.



Persons inspecting:


5 = action required



1.5 CHARGInG lOCATIOn

Cleared of unnecessary items or potential projectiles.

Firing location known / safe.

Rubbish & flammable material cleared from within 15m.

1.6 BlAsTHOles

Inspected prior to loading

• checkedfordepthandobstructions• checkedagainstdrillingrecord• agreeswithblastplanregardingangle

of blasthole and direction• stillsuitableinrelationtodistancefromface• collarsclearedfromfall-back.Blastholes

not being charged are ‘plugged’.

1.7 CHARGInG CRew

No smoking implements, radios, phones.

PPE.

Appointment of person who will clear the site prior to firing.

1.8 sTemmInG mATeRIAl

Provided and of suitable size (less than 1/10th of diameter of blasthole).



Persons inspecting:


5 = action required



2.0 CHARGInG BlAsTHOles

2.1 sAFe wORk PROCeduRe / sTAndARd OPeRATInG PROCeduRe

Available.

Checked, reviewed.

2.2 PRImeRs

Made up and laid out next to each hole or lowered into blastholes progressively.

2.3 lOAdInG mAIn CHARGe

Mobile mixing unit checked.

Check of explosive product (if using a mobile mixing unit)

COMMENTS


2.2ReVieW QUestions: MiXinG / ManUFaCtURinG eXPlosiVes

Write / Draw



1. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of ANFO?

2. What are the proportions of AN and FO in ANFO?

3. What are at least six advantages in bulk mixing of explosives such as emulsions?

4. How could you calibrate a truck that mixes AN and FO to manufacture an explosive?


leaRninG & assessMent tasK 2.2a - MiXinG anFo

Activity

Work out how much FO (either in kg of FO or in litres) you will need to mix with 4 tonnes of AN.

(Note: AN has a density of 0.8grams per cubic centimetre (g/cc) or 800kg per cubic metre, but you may not need this measure)

Discuss with anyone who is responsible for mixing ANFO or manufacturing emulsions the key safety precautions they take when mixing / manufacturing.


You could use the Diagram below (from your Resource Manual) that compares weight of AN prill with the volume of distillate in litres, or you could calculate the weight by the correct formula for the mixture of AN and FO. Alternatively you could convert the amount of AN to cubic metres (1cubic metre = 1000litres) and work out how many litres of diesel you need, by using the volume ratio for AN and FO.

Write / Draw

Write your answer in the space provided. If there is insufficient space use an extra sheet of paper.

Safety


2.2A.1 What is the correct mixture by weight for AN and FO?


2.2A.2 What is the correct mixture by volume for AN and FO?

2.2A.3 How many kilograms weight of AN are there in 4 tonnes of AN?

2.2A.4 How many litres of FO are required for 4 tonnes of AN prill, if 40 kg requires 3 litres of FO?

2.2A.5 After discussions with anyone who is responsible for mixing ANFO or manufacturing emulsions, list at least four of the key safety precautions they take when mixing / manufacturing.


leaRninG & assessMent tasK 2.2B – CHeCKinG eQUiPMent

Activity

Select a vehicle used in charging a shot or an item of equipment such as an ANFO loading kettle for loading blastholes and conduct a check. This task gets you to check your site’s pre-start requirements and approach to reporting defects, hazards or suggesting improvements.

What does your site require in such a check – is there a pre-start checklist?

Have you found any defects or non-conformances?

If you have, what is the process for reporting non-conformances or improvements that may be required?

Do you have a hazard reporting system at your site? If so, list the steps involved in you making the report, right through to you getting feedback about what has happened as a consequence of your report.


You will probably find a checklist to help you check the vehicle or item of equipment.

Write / Draw


Safety


2.2B.1 Briefly describe the vehicle or item of equipment

…and describe the main risks as far as explosives usage is concerned


2.2B.2 List the checks required.

2.2B.3 Did you find any defects or non-conformances?


2.2B.4 If you found defects or non-conformances, what is the process for reporting them or improvements that may be required?

…and is this the same process for suggesting improvements? If not, briefly outline that process.

2.2B.5 Do you have a hazard reporting system at your site? If so, list the steps involved in you making the report, right through to you getting feedback about what has happened as a consequence of your report.



2.3ReVieW QUestions: PRiMe BlastHoles

Write / Draw



1. What factors should be considered when selecting a primer?

2. When do you prepare primers?

… and what precautions do you take when you do? (list at least eight precautions)


3. What are the choices when locating a primer in a blasthole, and what is the preferred option?

leaRninG & assessMent tasK 2.3 - PRiMinG BlastHoles

Assessment

Obtain a copy of a typical blast plan and describe the priming used for this blast.

Make an illustration of a typical hole and outline keys steps in priming blastholes.


You may need to draw a typical blasthole to illustrate key features of priming charges.

Use the diagrams on the following pages to help describe your priming arrangements.

Discuss this with the shotfirer before you discuss it with your supervisor.

Write / Draw


Safety



PRIMING ARRANGEMENTS

Choose this diagram for surface shots and for major production shots underground – otherwise choose the next diagram for underground development shots

KEY FEATURES OF THE PRIMING PROCEDURE

(the first thing that is done is to…)

(the next step is to…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

VARIATIONS (do you do different things for example if the holes are longer, or wet?)…


METHOD OF INITIATING THE PRIMING CHARGE (draw a diagram of, or describe the way you attach the downline or detonator to the main priming initiating explosive)

Choose this diagram for underground development shots

KEY FEATURES OF THE PRIMING PROCEDURE

(the first thing that is done is to…)

(the next step is to…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

(then we…)

VARIATIONS (do you do different things for example if the holes are longer, or wet?)


METHOD OF INITIATING THE PRIMING CHARGE (draw a diagram of, or describe the way you attach the downline or detonator to the main priming initiating explosive)


2.4ReVieW QUestions: load tHe Main CHaRGe

Write / Draw



1. When you have a blasthole that contains water, how would you charge it? Refer to typical blastholes that you most commonly charge.

2. What are (at least six) good reasons for stemming blastholes?

3. What is a good rule of thumb for the size of stemming material?


4. What length of stemming in relation to the blast pattern or layout should you use?

… and how do you check that the right length of blasthole has been left uncharged?

5. List some safety rules for stemming practice.

6. List some alternatives to crushed aggregate for stemming material.


7. How could you load a blasthole that has cavities?


leaRninG & assessMent tasK 2.4 – loadinG & diPPinG tHe Main CHaRGe

Assessment

This activity will take an underground development miner away from their normal workplace, and into a stope. It is an activity that relates to a production blast, either on the surface or underground. The same activity applies to all surface shots.

Find out how your site or a site makes sure that a major blasthole is not over-charged. Describe the process and the device that the shotfirer uses to test the height of explosive rising in the blasthole.


The resource that accompanies this Learners’ Workbook contains information about methods of charging, tamping and stemming blastholes.

Please take into consideration any confidentiality requirements when reporting information from any blasting contractor.

Write / Draw

Write your answers in the spaces provided. If there is insufficient space use an extra sheet of paper. In your comparison discuss any differences between the two contracts and what are the implications for any omissions.

Safety


2.4.1 Does the blast plan show, or does the shotfirer know what length of stemming is planned, for every blasthole?

2.4.2 Does the blast plan show, or does the shotfirer know how much explosive is expected to fill the blasthole to the required stemming height?


2.4.3 Do the people who are pouring the explosive down the blasthole monitor the amount going down?

2.4.4 Does the shotfirer or the person responsible for charging the blasthole have anything to help measure the explosive rising in the blasthole?

2.4.5 What happens if the amount of explosive being poured down a blasthole doesn’t come up to the expected height in the blasthole?


2.5ReVieW QUestions: Clean-UP, RePoRt site & leGislatiVe ReQUiReMents

Write / Draw



1. List at least four of the key records that a shotfirer will maintain.

2. What are two key ‘licences’ that a shotfirer will need to keep current?


4. At the completion of charging blastholes, you will undertake some cleaning up in preparation for final connections and leaving the blast area while the shotfirer starts the hook-up. List at least four ways in which you will help prepare to evacuate the area.

leaRninG & assessMent tasK 2.5 – RePoRtinG / ReCoRdinG

Activity

Find out what blast records are kept on your site and examine the sections that tell whether or not the charging procedure went according to expectations.

If your charging were not to go according to expectations, who would need to know and what might they do following your report?

Respond to the questions below.


You will need to discuss a blast plan with a senior blasting supervisor.

Write / Draw


Safety



2.5.1 What blast plans are kept, and what detail do they record?

2.5.2 What items are recorded to show that the charging went to plan?

2.5.3 Are there diagrams (for example of individual holes) that go with any detail recorded?


2.5.4 Does the shotfirer know if anyone has recorded difficulties (including non-conformances) on a plan?

2.5.6 Whose job is it to hear about difficulties with charging blastholes and what would they do to fix any problems?


ReCoRd oF leaRninG

evIdenCe GATHeRed duRInG OFF-THe-JOB TRAInInG.

RPL Portfolio of evidence of previous training, work or experience in shotfiring

RPL Challenge test

Completion of Review Questions in Learner Workbook

Oral questions

Participation in training sessions

Observation checklists for practical situations / simulation

Completion of Learning & Assessment Tasks in Learner Workbook

Assessment feedback

Other

Other

evIdenCe GATHeRed duRInG On-THe-JOB TRAInInG.

Gather evidence for at least 6 blasts including 2 different types of blasts.

Work Journal/Log Book

Work observation checklists

Third party report

On-site documentation/written work

Oral questions

Statutory declarations

Other

Other


wHAT HAve YOu dOne ReGARdInG CHARGInG BlAsTHOles FOR ITems In THe TABle BelOw?

Charging Blastholes What have you done? (Provide a brief description of your work in each or any of the topics; the date, task, who was the prime contact, and any specific result. Attach a copy of documents where appropriate)

1. Prepare for charging

a. Checking plans and procedures

b. Checking weather & blast site for geology etc



c. Isolating the area

d. Checking blastholes

e. Storing explosives on the job properly

f. Preventing premature initiation



2. Check vehicles & equipment, and their maintenance

a. Checking vehicles, equipment & delivery

b Mixing / manufacturing explosives

c. Checking & maintaining charging & blasting equipment



3. Prime blastholes

a. Understanding priming options

b. Making up primers

c. Placing primers into blastholes



4. load the main charge

a. Loading deck-charges

b. Dipping & tamping blastholes

c. Stemming



5. Clean-up, record and report

a. Cleaning-up

b. Keeping various records

c. Maintaining statutory documentation



d. Recording blasthole drilling

HAve YOu, FOR eXAmPle, COmPIled A wORk JOuRnAl, OR used THe JOuRnAl BelOw THAT sHOws THAT YOu HAve:

done any or all of the following practical work?

Yes / no

Comments

Conducted risk assessments prior to blasting

Reviewed charging procedures at least once

Attended at least six pre-charging briefings, toolbox talks, or coordination meetings



Yes / no

Comments

Taken action to control the risks associated with charging shots on at least three occasions

Checked vehicles or equipment associated with blasting prior to use, or on arrival on site or on-the-job, on at least six occasions

Mixed or been involved in manufacturing explosives on at least six occasions (this could also include checking the product from a mobile manufacturing / processing unit)

Checking and maintaining charging & blasting equipment on at least six occasions



Yes / no

Comments

Primed blastholes on at least twelve shots

Loaded or involved with the loading of the main charge on at least twelve shots (this could be the same twelve shots as for the priming)

Cleaned up after at least twelve shots

Maintained various records of blasting of at least three different types of records


PRaCtiCal oBseRVation tHiRd PaRty VeRiFiCation RePoRts: ModUle 2 CHaRGinG BlastHoles

Write / Draw

Who should complete this document and why? Third party evidence is evidence gathered from workplace supervisors, peers and others to support the making of a judgement. An assessor cannot always observe a learner for a long period of time and some competency standards are difficult to observe. Therefore third party evidence can be essential piece of evidence in the assessment process.

The following checklist can be used by assessors and also adapted for use by third parties to verify their observations of the trainee applying their learning.

Please place a tick ( 3 ) or cross ( 5 ) in the boxes as applicable to verify Learner’s competence in the areas listed below.



The following are the views of third parties in assessing against a compilation of elements & performance criteria from the following competencies:

1. RIIBLA201 Support Surface Shotfiring Operations 2. RIIBLA301 Conduct Surface Shotfiring Operations 3. RIIBLA303 Conduct Underground Development Shotfiring 4. RIIBLA304 Conduct Underground Production Shotfiring

Note: these Units replace Competency Units:

MNCO1041A Support Shotfiring Operations MNMG313A Charge Blastholes MNMG352A Apply Blasting Activities MNMG353A Fire Surface Shots MNCO1040A Conduct Shotfiring Operations MNQOPS413A Conduct Shotfiring MNCU1048A Conduct Shotfiring MNCU1049A Support shotfiring operations MNMG323A Charge Development Blastholes MNMG321A Charge Production Blastholes



Comp unit Ref

Yes / no

The person needs further development and / or experience in

1 Prepare for charging 1(1) 2(1)

3(1)

4(1)

a. Receive blasthole charging briefings, andi. Access, interpret and apply

safety informationii. Access and apply proceduresiii. Conduct a preliminary site

inspection as necessaryiv. Obtain, interpret, clarify and confirm

charging requirements from the shotfirer for the charging work

1(1.1) 2(1.1)

3(1.1)

4(1.1)

1(1.2)

3(1.3)

4(1.3)

1(1.3)

2(1.3)

2(1.1)

2(1.2)

b. Identify potential hazards relating to• thechargingplan• chargingprocedures• theworkingenvironment• chargingequipment&materials• people

1(1.1)

2(1.5)

3(1.2)

4(1.2)

c. Conduct a risk assessment of those hazards

1(1.5)

3(3.4)

d. Recognise hazardous situations andi. Prepare to respond to

emergency situations

2(3.1)





Comp unit Ref

Yes / no


e. Access charging procedures and i. Work in accordance with

site procedures andii. Follow manufacturers instructions

1(1.5)

1(1.6)

f. Access geological, blasthole survey and weather information and i. Interpret these in relation to chargingii. Recognise key issues of • geologicalstructures• blastholeandblastarea

measurements• weatherconditionsthatmight

cause a problem while charging

1(1.2)

2(1.3)

1(1.2)

2(1.4)

g. Identify quantities and types of explosives and associated materials / equipment for different blasthole charging applications

2(1.6)

3(1.4, 1.5)

4(1.4, 1.5)

h. Coordinate blasthole charging support requirements includingi. Mix / manufacture explosive supplies • andequipmentchecksii. Site notificationiii. Coordinate with others

working in areas that might be affected by charging

iv. Comply with legal obligationsv. Resolve issues with coordination

of activities affected by charging

1(1.4)

2 (2.1 – 2.5)

4(1.6)

1(1.7)

2(1.8)

3(1.6)

i. Collect and transport explosives and accessories to the blast site in accordance with• Siteproceduresand• Legalobligations

1(2.1)

2(3.3)

j. Establish the blast area andi. Erect signs / barricades

as appropriateii. Establish a suitable exclusion zone

1(2.4)

2(3.2)

3(1.7, 3.2)

4(3.2)

k. Complete the check of the blast sitei. Check the survey and measurementsii. Check blastholesiii. Clear blastholes

2(3.4)

3(3.1, 3.3, 3.6)

4(3.1, 3.3, 3.5)





Comp unit Ref

Yes / no


2 mix & manufacture explosives 1(2.2)

a. Mix or manufacture explosives as requiredi. Implement procedures for

mixing / manufacturing• fortherangeofproductsrequiredii. Identify hazards and assessing risks

in the mixing / manufacturing areaiii. Check mixing / manufacturing

vehicles or equipmentiv. Check people involved, affected or at

risk from the mixing / manufacturing

b. Deliver or have delivered the explosives to the blast area and blastholes

1(2.3)

c. Calibrate the mixed or manufactured product

d. Maintain the mixing / manufacturing equipment

e. Prepare the necessary reports of the mixed / manufactured products

3 Prime blastholes

a. Identify priming options and i. Select the best option• forarangeofblasthole

charging situations





Comp unit Ref

Yes / no


b. Make up primers in accordance with procedures

3(4.1)

4(4.1)

c. Place primers correctly into blastholes• forsingleprimedblastholes• fordoubleormultiple

primed blastholes• securetheprimerwhile

loading the main charge

2(4.2)

4 load the main charge of explosives 1(2.5)

a. Charge blastholes safelyi. Be a part of the shot teamii. Check that signs such as ‘charging in

progress’ had been erected / installed in accordance with procedures

iii. After checks of the charging area, • Securethesitefrom

unauthorised entry • Implementsafetyproceduressuchas

safety harnesses etc when working in places where falls could occur

iv. After conducting pre-start checks on equipment and materials

• Determinetheequipment/materialserviceability for the task, or

• Reporttheequipmentforrepairsby an authorised repair person

2(4.2)

3(4.2)

4(4.2)

2(4.3)

3(3.5)

4(3.4)

b. Stem the blastholes as required by proceduresi. Stem whenever necessaryii. Establish stemming

material stockpilesiii. Select correct stemming materialsiv. Wait until the explosive

column has settledv. Stem properlyvi. Secure the line to the primer

2(4.4)

4(4.3)

2(3.5)





Comp unit Ref

Yes / no


c. Test i. Charging equipment and accessoriesii. Detonatorsiii. Firing lines

2(4.5)

3(4.6)

4(4.6)

d. Carry out required maintenance of charging equipment and accessories

e. Notify relevant people that the shot is ready for connection

5 Clean up & report site and legislative requirements

1(2.6)

a. Prepare shot for initiation

b. Carry out blast area clean-up

c. Prepare reports as required by

• siteprocedures

• legislativerequirements

2(4.6)

3(4.7)

4(4.7)


siGnatURes: Third Party Name:

Role: Date:

Licence, or ‘ticket’ number:

Signarture:

Learner Name: Date:

Signarture:

Assessor/Instructor Name: Date:

Signarture:

Supervisor Name: Date:

Signarture:

Comments


notes